i SELECTIONS FROIYI THE RECORDS OF THE BOIVIBAY GOVERNMENT. No. XC.—New Series. JOURNAL A TOUR OF INSPECTION THE PRINCIPAL JAILS IN INDIA MADE BY HP THE INSPECTOR GENERAL OF PRISONS, BOMBAY PRESIDENCY, In DECEMBER 1862 and JANUARY and FEBRUARY 1863. VuMisrije* fcg tije ^Lutftoritg of f&ta lExcellencg tfje ©obentor in Council. PRINTED FOR GOVERNMENT AT THE EDUCATION SOCIETY'S PRESS, BYCULLA. 1865. No. 515 of 1863. From the Insiector-General of Prisons, To the Chief Secretary to Government, Judicial Department, Bombay, Inspector- General of Prisons' Office, Camp Mahabules/uvur, 9th April 1863. Sir,—I have the honour to report, for the information of Govern- ment, the results of my visit to some of the principal Jails in Madras, Bengal, North-Western Provinces, Oudh and the Punjab, embodied in the form of a " Journal," as directed in the 49th paragraph of the Resolution of Government, No. 3668, dated the 29th of Novem- ber 1862. 13^ December 1862.—2. Embarked this evening on board the Steamer Coringa for Beypoor, which was reached on the 18th idem at 8 o'clock a.m. 3. Among others the port of Sudasewghur was visited ; several hours were spent on shore in inspecting the Sudasewghur. . , , , , , . , convict encampment and the roads on which the prisoners were then employed. 4. The site of the encampment appeared to have been judi- ciously selected by Captain Ker; the men were healthy ; only a few trifling cases of fever were then in hospital. The only complaints made by the prisoners generally were on the subject of their food, and by a small number in regard to the character of their labour. 1 I G 2 5. It appeared that rice rations were served out every day. and that there was consequently little or no variety in their food. By men chiefly from the Deccan this practice was considered a hardship ; in this light it might have been left were no other considerations in- volved, but it would no doubt have proved ultimately positively injurious to the health of a large body of the prisoners in a climate like that of North Canara. 6. The great expense and difficulty of obtaining a regular and sufficient supply of grain from the Deccan and Southern Maratha Country were at first no doubt the cause of rice rations being issued, but it is necessary that such a supply should be secured, and it would be advantageous in a sanitary consideration that Chinese, Mussulmans, Marathas and all flesh-eaters should receive fresh-meat rations three times a week, or even every day if possible. 7. If experience has not already demonstrated, it will, I believe, ere long be found to be the case, that, cceteris paribus, flesh- eaters are less predisposed to attacks of fever than those who entirely sub- sist on grain, and especially on rice. Although by the addition of meat rations the expense of provisioning the gang would be con- siderably increased, still the prisoners would be preserved in better health, the work would proceed more satisfactorily, and the cost of expensive medicines would be decreased. 8. Regarding the character of the work of which some of the gang complained, it was alleged that they were skilled workmen— masons and stonecutters, bricklayers, &c.—and unaccustomed to road work. The reason that these men were thus employed was no doubt owing to the great scarcity of free labour, and the importance that roads should in the first instance be constructed ; still it cannot but be regretted that convicts, the value of whose skilled labour would at Sudasewghur have reached as much as one rupee per diem, should have been employed on works requiring merely a certain amount of physical strength. 9, An offer of one rupee per man per diem was actually made to me at Sudasewghur for the whole gang of skilled convicts, and very probably ere long the value of such labour will reach even a higher marl;. 3 10. The few hours permitted on shore did not afford me oppor- tunities sufficient for the selection of a site for a permanent Jail, but, from the observations I was enabled to make, I do not anticipate any difficulties on this point on a future occasion, should it be the intention of Government to abandon the Jails at Honore and erect a new building at Sudasewghur. 18^ December 1862.—11. A nchored off Beypoor this morning. This is merely an open roadstead exposed to the Keyfoor full force of the south-west monsoon. There is a river bar with a narrow channel to cross before reaching the landing- place opposite the handsome Railway station nearly completed at this port, with every accommodation and convenience for the comfort of passengers—a striking contrast even in this small seaport town to the generality of the Railway stations in Bombay. 12. Started for Coimbatore by special mail train the same evening with the overland mail for Madras, which reached Bombay on the 16th, and was forwarded to Beypoor by a special steamer. A serious accident early in the night, but providentially unattended with fatal consequences, caused a delay of twelve hours en-route 2\st December 1862.—13. A few hours after reaching Coim- batore the next morning, started for Ootaca- mund via Metapollum and Koonoor. Arrived on the 21st and visited the European and Native prisons in company with Mr. Rhode, Madras Civil Service, the Inspector-General of Prisons. 14. The European prison on the Neilgherry Hills was, I believe, originally designed to accommodate otacamcnd European and American prisoners sentenced European Prison. l l to penal servitude irom Bengal and Madras. It is a small but substantial and two-storied building after the Pen- ton ville model, and supplied with the most recent appliances ; but although constructed with great care and consideration, it is deficient in several important requirements to be presently mentioned. 15. The arrangement of the prison is cellular; each cell, nine on each side of the corridors above and below, contains about 1000 cubic feet of air ; and for a climate such as that of Ootacamund is well ventilated ; heated air can also be supplied to each cell, raising 4 in a few hours the temperature from 58 to 70. Experience, however, has shown that this system of heating the cells has not been bene- ficial, and there is therefore a probability of its being abandoned. 16. The furniture of each cell consists of a folding bedstead of wood, bedding, movable washing-basin, slop-pail and urinal, with a small table, stool, and a few selected books. 17. The prison rules enjoin that " all prisoners on arrival shall be liable to the discipline of the separate system for one year, but it shall be discretionary with the officer in charge to relax this system by permitting labour and exercise in association, and to permit proper conversation among the prisoners so associated in the case of well-conducted prisoners; but in no case shall this indulgence be given within three months from the date of the arrival at the prison, or in the case of prisoners recently sentenced, within six months." 18. The system in force is therefore the iC separate," with the privilege of association purckaseable, as it were, by good conduct in a minimum probationary period of confinement in strict separation of three months, and a maximum period of one year. 19. Education is voluntary, and seems to be confined to the visits of the clergyman twice a week to the prison, and not more than one-fourth of the prisoners, 1 was informed, avail themselves of the privilege of such instruction. 20. All the prisoners are employed within the prison walls in coir-mat making, tailoring, shoemaking, and carpentering; they make up the prison clothing, the materials for which are purchased, as are also all blankets, sheets, rugs, and mattresses. 21. The clothing and bedding for each prisoner consists of the following articles:— 1 Pair sheets, unbleached. 6 Handkerchiefs, linen. 2 Blankets. 1 Pair Shoes. 1 Rug. j 1 do. Slippers. 2 Towels, dungaree. 1 do. Braces. J Jacket. 2 do. Drawers, unbleached 1 Waistcoat . . 1 of ordinary 1 Pair trowsers ] grey cloth. 3 Shirts, coloured long cloth. S Pairs woollen socks. long cloth. 2 Bunyans, coarse flannel. 1 Cap. 1 Comb. 5 22. The Diet Table in use in the prison is as follows : — On Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. Bread ............22 oz. | Potatoes ........... 1 lb. Soup, consisting of 3oz. Meat, 3 oz. Potatoes, 1 oz. Dhollmeal, 1 oz. Onions—1 pint; gruel composed of 2 oz. meal or Soogee—1 pint. Coffee—1 pint. | Salt and pepper. On Sundays, Tuesdays, and Thursdays. Bread ............ 14 oz. Gruel ........... 1 pint. Potatoes .......... 1 lb. Coffee ........... 1 „ Cooked Meat........ 4 oz. Salt-pepper. Currystuff and small quantities of rice are occasionally sub- stituted for potatoes. 23. Some time after this diet was introduced it was found necessary to make some alteration, as it was the Medical Officer's opinion that the diet was insufficient, and it was found that after three months' confinement there was a general falling off in the weight of the prisoners, with but one exception. A suet pudding, consisting of 5 oz. of flour and f oz. of suet, was allowed to each prisoner in addition to the usual food, and apparently, up to the present time, with very favourable results as to the general health and weight of the prisoners. 24. The prevailing diseases are diarrhoea and rheumatism. On the occasion of my first visit there were out of a total strength of 36 prisoners, 5 in hospital, one of these being a case of phthisis. 25. The Establishment consists of— 1 Keeper..............Rs. 200 0 0 5 Warders, at Rs. 50 each „ 250 0 0 Total .. Rs. 450 0 0 26. The Apothecary's duties were performed by one of the prisoners formerly in the service, and the cooking is also performed by one of themselves. () 27. The cost of the prison, inclusive of the Warder's quarters now under construction in the immediate vicinity of the building, amounts to Rs. 74,000, or rather more than Rs. 2,000 per prisoner; but as it will be necessary to construct worksheds, hospitals, and well, and to enlarge part of the enclosure-wall so as to include the well which is being dug at present outside the wall, a further outlay of at least Rs. 7,000 will be required, thus raising the total cost to Rs. 81,000. 28. Prisoners from Bengal as well as Madras are, or, according to the original intention, should be admitted into this prison. Every cell, however, is now occupied ; any sudden addition would produce serious difficulties; it frequently therefore becomes necessary to re- fuse the admission of prisoners for want of sufficient accommodation. 29. This cannot be looked upon but as a very serious defect, involving heavy additional expense, and, as in almost all instances of additions and alterations to original buildings, unsatisfactory results. 30. There being no worksheds, the prisoners are compelled to work at their different trades in the corridors. This is objectionable as giving an untidy and uncleanly appearance to the passages, and destroying altogether that strict order and scrupulous cleanliness which should characterise the internal arrangements of a European prison. 31. Another serious defect is the want of a Hospital and Apothecary's quarters. There is also a Cesspool for the reception of the Jail filth outside the Jail walls, which, though on the occasion of my visits was chiefly offensive to the eye, is nevertheless otherwise objectionable. 32. Notwithstanding these objections, which to some may appear hypercritical, but which have, in all fairness, been merely sketched as shoals to warn and instruct us in constructing our future prisons, there can be no doubt that great care, skill, and experience have been brought to bear in every part of this prison, and that it is perhaps as yet the model European prison in India. 33. The Native prison at Ootacamund scarcely deserves mention. The building is altogether unsuited for the purposes of a Jail: the enclosure-walls are low—about 8 feet high—the entrance o-ate 7 insecure, and the general arrangements unsatisfactory. There are about 160 convicts confined here ; they are solely employed in works in connection with the construction of the European prison. 24th December 1862.—34. Left Ootacamund for Coimbatore, and travelled thence by rail to Salem, which Salem. _ . , was reached on Christmas-day. 35. There is a large Central Jail at this station, built in accordance with a plan designed by the Inspector-General, Mr. Rhode. I visited this Jail a few hours after my arrival. It is situated on an open piece of sloping ground about a mile and a half from the town of Salem. This Jail is a modification of the radiating principle; there is a most elaborate and expensive tower, placed in the centre of a circle of six different blocks of cells, originally in- tended for separate confinement This idea has, however, entirely been lost sight of, for in each cell are now confined from 4 to 5 prisoners. There are in the circle 144 cells, affording accommodation, according to the original plan, for 144 prisoners. There were, however, on the day of my visit, and have been for sometime, 640 prisoners confined in this Jail! The number I am informed reached at one time upwards of 700 ! 36. The blocks of barracks which form the circle are built in echelon, connected with each other by wooden palisades, but have no subdivisional radii converging towards the centre tower, as is the case in other prisons on this principle, and which, in my opinion, are indispensable to carry out the requirements of the radiating mode of construction so generally approved. 37. The hospital and separate wards are built in juxtaposition to the enclosure-wall, which therefore forms the back of the wards. The hospital as well as all the cells are terrace-roofed ; very little provision has been made for ventilation, and the heat in the hospital was stifling. 38. There is no separate female prison ; convicts of this sex are confined in a few cells adjoining the male convicts in one of the semicircular blocks. 39. I remarked that there was a female civil prisoner in the same cell with several male debtors, and was informed by the Jailor— 8 a pensioned European serjeant—that she was the wife of one of the latter, and that at night she was removed to the female convict cells! 40. The Debtors' cells and store-rooms are built like the hos- pital against the outside wall of the Jail, and there are no means of enabling a civil prisoner to communicate with his friends, except by being taken outside the Jail walls altogether. 41. The total cost of this Jail in its present incomplete state amounts to Rs. 80,000. It is, I am informed, in contemplation to erect a second story to each of the blocks of buildings at an esti- mated cost of Rs. 40,000. To construct worksheds and privies, of which at present there are none, will amount to Rs. 10,000, thus making the total cost of the Jail, with separate accommodation for only 288 convicts, Rs. 1,30,000. 42. The elaborate and expensive building in the centre of the Jail, viz. the Tower, is said to be seldom in use, and to have cost Rs. 10,000; and it appears to me in its isolated position to be so easily accessible to a large body of prisoners as to have lost altogether its original character, and to be in reality a source of danger. 43. The Jail enclosure-walls form an hexagonal figure ; their height is sixteen feet and width one foot and a half. They are built of burnt bricks and lime, surmounted with a coping, and pieces of broken glass firmly embedded in the lime ; the walls were completed about two years ago, and in some places already show signs of desintegration and decay. 44. The Jail Establishment consists of:— 1 European Jailor............ Rs. 50 1 Deputy Jailor.............. ,, 20 1 Head Warder.............. „ 7 20 Warders, at Rs. 6 each...... „ 120 1 Hospital Assistant.......... ,, 35 1 Writer .................. „ 20 Total..Rs. 252 <) 45. This establishment conducts all intramural duties, and when the prisoners leave the Jail for ont-door labour one of the warders accompanies the gang. 46. The Jail is guarded by 103 policemen, being in the pro- portion of about one policeman to 6 prisoners. These men mount 5 sentries during the day and 4 at night, and :iccompany the convicts when employed outside the Jail; the pay of these men is five and a half, six, and seven rupees each per mensem. 47. There is no extra establishment. There are no manu- factures of any kind in the Jail, and their introduction will no doubt await the erection of worksheds. The convicts are all employed in excavating a tank in the vicinity of the Jail, and the value of their labour is estimated at one anna four pies each per diem, free labour rates averaging two annas. 48. The accompanying Diet Table gives the amount of food in use. There is apparently but little variety, and a small cash pay- ment is made for vegetables, condiments, and a small quantity of meat three times a week. The cost per diem is I anna and 4 pies, or Rs. 2-8 per mensem. 49. Raggee, the staple article of diet, is a highly nutritious grain in common use in Madras, and the physical condition of the prisoners gives evidence of the wholesome and nutritive quality of their food. Classes of Prisoners. Working i Security Convicts. Prisoners Under Trial Prisoners. Women. Sick. Children. Amount in lbs. tbs. n lg ii H lbs. 18 lbs. 13 lbs. lbs. Weekly, Rice ........ li li i 5 10 Sunday .. . •......• • 6| Monday............ 3^ Tuesday............ 5 Wednesday........ 3| Daily, for Condiments. Pies. fies Thursday............5 Friday..............<$h Saturday............3g 50. The clothing consists of the following 1 Blanket ................Rs. 1 Mat................... „ 1 Blanket Hood............ ,, 2 Cloths 9 feet long ........ ,, 2 Lunoooties.............. ,, ■& 1 0 0 0 2 6 0 8 0 1 4 0 0 2 0 Total... . Rs. 3 0 6 This amount is regularly issued annually. 51. All Jail accounts are translated from the vernacular and kept in English by the Jailor. 52. Each cell is 6 feet wide by 12 long and 18 high to the centre of the arch ; the door is iron-barred, and fastened by a padlock. There is a verandah in front of the cells 6 feet wide and 18 feet high. The cells and verandah, as are all the buildings in the Jail except the cooking-shed, are terrace-roofed. The verandah is so high as to afford no protection to the cells from sun and rain. The ventilation of the cells is provided for by a barred aperture at the back of the cell, a foot from the ground, about two feet long and six inches high, above which it was intended to have had a sleeping-board for the convict. This would have removed him from the cold brick and mortar flooring; but in this, as in other instances already noticed, original intentions seem to have been frustrated. 53. The defects in the central prison appear in my humble judgment to be almost legion— \8tt__The site, viz. the most depending portion of a slope, is objec- tionable. 11 2nd.—The enclosure-walls are ill-constructed and too unsub- stantial. 3rd.—The Jail does not afford proper accommodation for one- third of its inmates; hence excessive over-crowding. 4th.—The hospital is low, hot, and built against the enclosure walls, which should everywhere be free. 5th.—There is no female prison. 6th.—There is no civil prison. 1th.—There are no worksheds. 8th.—The Central Tower is far too expensive and complicated a building. 9th.—It is easily accessible to and could contain nearly all the prisoners in Jail, who by disarming the Jail guard and gaining the Tower could set the whole establishment at defiance. 10th.—The approach to the top of the Tower instead of being so narrow us to admit only one man at a time, consists of two broad flights of steps. Wth.—Terrace roofs to cells are hot and objectionable. \2ih.—The verandahs are so high as to afford no protection. 13^.—The blocks of cells are connected at the back to the en- closure-walls by divisional dead walls, and are so arranged as to obstruct, instead of facilitating, general supervision. 54. These objections are here noted as they occurred to me at the time of my visit, and are more than sufficient to show that, however admirable the construction of a Jail on the separate system and on the general design here adopted, the Salem Central Prison has altogether failed in fulfilling the original object in view, and in presenting a model cellular prison worthy of general imitation. V2 55. It is a question perhaps still open to discussion, whether the system of separation by night and association by day is not the best suited to natives of this country, or whether it would be advisable, in constructing Central Prisons, to make arrangements for carrying out these two systems distinct from each other and in their entirety ; but of this subject more hereafter. 27 th December 1862.—56. Left Salem by rail for Madras on this day at 11 a.m.; arrived at Madras on the Madras. game ^ af. naif_past 8pm.; called on Monday the 29th on the Honourable Mr. Pycroft and the Honourable Mr. Frere, also on Major Bell, Deputy Commissioner of Police, who kindly accompanied me on the following day to the Penitentiary, the Grand Jail, and the Popham Road Jail. 57. The Penitentiary is situated on the banks of the Cooam between Black Town and the beach ; it was commenced about the year 1848, and was only occupied in January 1856. Before completion the site was condemned as unhealthy for Europeans ; hence the delay in its occupation. It has since proved to be far less unhealthy than was at first anticipated. The drainage, however, is bad, and there have been several outbreaks of cholera. 58. The cost of this prison is said on the whole to have amounted to about Rs. 1,80,000. It has accommodation for 476 prisoners, Europeans and Natives. On the day of my visit there were 373, of which 36 were Europeans, 319 Native male and 18 female prisoners. 59. The Europeans and East Indians are confined in separate cells, and the Natives are placed 10 in each cell. The sentences in the case of Europeans and East Indians include those by the High Court, Courts Martial and Magistrates, and range from a few days to life imprisonment. 60. Prison clothing is served out to Europeans and East Indians on admission into Jail, but Native prisoners are permitted to wear, if so inclined, their own clothing, a mat and blanket being 13 the only articles invariably supplied by the Jail. This explains the motley appearance of the Native prisoners. This permission is besides an indulgence which, although of obvious economy, is of more than doubtful expediency. 61. The establishment is given below, and costs Government Rs, 3,965-5-8 per annum, or Rs 11-1 per man. 62. The native establishment is supplied from the Madras Police and is relieved ever)'- three months. Europeans. 1 Keeper...................... Rs. 150 1 Deputy do.................... „ 50 Natives. 1 Major Duffedar................ „ 15 2 Duffedars.............:...... „ 22 5 Naiks ...................... „ 45 50 Peons ...................... „ 350 63. The Europeans and East Indians are employed within the walls in mat and rope making, carpentering, tailoring, &c. The natives sentenced by the High Court are similarly employed, but those sentenced by the Magistrates are all engaged on out-door labour in the town of Madras at the rate of one anna and a half a day. 64. The whole value of the work performed last year amount- ed to Rs 4,477-15-6 and the cost of maintenance to Rs. 26,908-6-3, leaving a balance to the debit of the Jail of Rs. 22,430-6-9. 65. The gross cost per prisoner, including Europeans and Na- tives, was Rs. 75-0-7. "This appears to be a very high average, but it must be remembered that in this sum is included the expenses of Europeans and East Indians who were more than 10 per-cent of the whole strength; this will necessarily materially affect the whole cost per prisoner." 66. The two following memoranda will show the expendi- ture and receipts during 1861 in sufficient detail for comparison with other Jails:— 14 AnnuaI Return of the Expenditure of the Madras Penitentiary for the official year ending 30th April 1862, Penitentiary. Heads of Expenditure. 1861-62 Daily average num-ber of Prisoners 358. Rs. a. p. 18321 11 9 Total...... 18,321 11 9 Cost per prisoner, Fixed establishment Cost per prisoner Extra establishment . Cost per prisoner. Total, Cost per prisoner ^European medicines Cost per prisoner, Bazar medicines Cost per prisoner Sick diet ........... n ~ J Cost per prisoner.......... < i Furniture, bedding, extra blanket Cost per prisoner.......... Total, I Cost per prisoner Clothing, including blankets and bedding...................... Cost per prisoner.............. Contingencies .................... Cost p/r prisoner.............. Additional alterations and repairs.. .. Cost per pi isoner.............. Gross cost of maintenance .. Gross cost per prisoner 51 1 10 3,965 5 11 1 8 0 3,965 5 8 11 1 0 2S6 7 7 0 12 9 343 10 4 0 15 2 630 1 11 1 11 11 647 13 1 1 12 10 3,343 5 10 9 5 0 26,908 6 3 0 7 None, Included in Rations. 15 Memorandum. Realised by sale of ropes made in the Peni- tentiary .......................Rs. 213 10 6 Estimated value of valises, &c. made up for the Arsenal................... . „ 381 15 0 Estimated cost of labour for Public Works, calculated at 1^ ann\ a day per man ,,3,882 6 0 Total. . .Rs. 4,477 15 6 67. Juvenile offenders are confined separately, and are not allowed to leave the prison. The general classification of crimes is attended to. 68. Europeans and East Indians are supplied with books, and are obliged to attend divine service once a week. There is, however, no systematic course of instruction, nor does it appear that convict reformation by means of education forms any active part of the general discipline of the prison. 69. A native schoolmaster is provided for Juvenile Criminals, who merely instructs them in reading and writing the vernacular. 70. The general conservancy of the jail is imperfect, and ob- jectionable : a large square platform of brick and lime is built about 2 feet from the ground in a corner of the jail enclosure which is the common prison cloaca ; this is cleaned of its accumulated ordure twice a day by large quantities of water—a mode of conservancy justly condemned in those Jails which are most remarkable for high efficiency in their sanitary arrangements. 71. The buildings though regular are not so arranged as to facilitate supervision, or admit of free circulation of air. On the con- trary, the numerous dead-walls which cross each other in all direc- tions add considerably to the expense of guarding, and impede materially the ventilation. 72. The building used as a hospital for the natives is probably the worst in the Jail; that for Europeans is much superior ; and the 1() corresponding ward used as a Surgery should have been appropriated for native sick. There were on the day of my visit only 15 in hos- pital. 73. On the whole the plan of this prison is not one which could be recommended for adoption. 74. The " Grand Prison," as it is called, is situated in Black Town, and is now merely used for the confinement of debtors. This prison does not require any detailed notice, nor is there in its man- agement and general arrangement any feature of special interest or importance. 75. There is a third Jail called the " Justice's Prison" which is merely a magisterial lock-up, and consists of a few cells for untried prisoners, both European and Native. 9th Januaryl86S.—76. Arrived at Calcutta this day by Steam- er Burmah, having left Madras on the 31st f^ A T PTTTTV. ultimo ; called on the 10th on Dr. Mouat, the Inspector-General of Prisons Lower Provinces, with whom I enjoyed the privilege of a long and instructive interview ; called on the Hon- ourable Mr. Erskine, and on the following day on the Honourable Mr. George Campbell. 77. Accompanied Dr. Mouat on the 12th instant to the Alipore Jail and House of Correction. The latter, however, is not under his jurisdiction. Returned to Alipore in the afternoon and visited the Jail carefully with Mr. Dobson the Jailor, to whom I am indebted for the following particulars. 78. The Alipore Jail is said to have been built upwards of fifty years ago at an estimated cost of about Rs. 80,000. In its present state, with the numerous additions and alterations which have since been made, its cost has probably risen to Rs. 2,00,000. 79. It possesses none of the improvements which have for many vears been effected in jail architecture. 80. The cells are arranged in the centre on three sides of a square, and others in lateral blocks ; the cells to the right of the en- trance have an upper story where weak and convalescent prisoners are chiefly confined : these upper cells are large and well ventilated. 17 81. The worksheds are distributed in different parts of the Jail, separated by partition-walls so as to prevent more than about 300 prisoners being employed together—a precaution very necessary in a large prison. 82. There are two great branches of prison industry at Alipore, viz. the Typographic and Lithographic Presses, a ad manufacture of gunny bags. Printing is very extensively carried on with the sanc- tion and support of Government. All printed forms, returns, reports, &c. required by the different departments of Government are, I be- lieve, executed by the prisoners, European and Native, in this Jail. The other minor branches of industry consist of the manufacture of cotton and woollen articles, chiefly for prison use. Several looms of English pattern are worked with great rapidity and considerable economy of time. 83. As the Alipore and Hoogly Jails have lately come before the public as models of financial management Moua/for78°6ri-62. *' and as marvels or> perfection which had reached that goal which prison economists in this coun- try had so long striven to attain, viz. self-maintenance, and further as the subject is one of special interest and importance as involving questions as to what relation should be permitted to subsist between branches of prison industry and those of free labour, and as to the principle of converting convict prisons into sources of Government revenue, I wTill offer no apology for giving here a brief history of the present state of labour and manufactures in the Alipore Jail, and sub- joining rather copious statistical data on this subject from Dr. Mouat's recent reports, so as to place before Government, for ready reference and within as small compass as possible, all the statistical facts in connection with this subject, which Dr. Mouat observes " are unparalleled in prison management in the world." 84. Alipore, about four miles from Calcutta, is a central prison ; it contains numerous Lithographic and Typographic presses and exten- sive gunny-bag manufactory. To the successful working ofthese 31 G 18 departments are devoted the chief energies of the present keeper, Mr. Dobson, who receives a heavy commission on the out-turn, amount- ing on an average to Rs. 600 per mensem. 85. The whole of the Lithographic and Typographic require- ments of the Government offices are supplied from this Jail alone. The Government printing presses were purchased for a large sum, about Rs. 84,000, by the Jail from Government and transferred to the Jail, and the patronage and support of Government were given to this branch of Jail industry. So large have been the requirements of Go- vernment, and so great the profits in spite of a reduction of 50 and 75 per-cent on the original prices, that it will scarcely be credited that the " net profits " from these two departments alone at Alipore amounted in 1861 to Rs. 2,09,605-5-3. 86. We have here therefore a certain and never-failing market, as well as the direct support of Government, to explain why such enormous profits should accrue at Alipore from its printing opera- tions. But this is not all. There exists in Calcutta a very large demand indeed for good gunny bags, which can be supplied in any required quantity from Alipore of the proper quality, at a low but still remunerative price, without waste of time and materials in teach- ing the prisoners, and with great ease and rapidity. 87. This extraordinary combination of favourable circum- stances has been turned to the best account by Dr. Mouat and the prison officers, and the result has been, I may, I believe, safely term it, an unparalleled financial success in prison management during the year 1861. 88. In addition to the net profits from the presses above refer- red to, amounting to Rs. 2,09,605-5-3, the manufactures, chiefly gunny, have yielded a profit of Rs. 59,952, making a total of net profits of Rs. 2,69,557 from a single Jail. 89. Dr. Mouat in his last printed report, 1861, puts down the average earning of each prisoner, European and Native, employed in the press departments at the marvellous sum of Rs. 1,027-7-7 an- nually, or Rs. 2-13 daily. 19 90. That such unexampled results are mainly due to the pe- culiar and favourable circumstances-stated above, Dr. Mouat himself will, I conceive, admit; and I have little hesitation in stating that elsewhere, under similar circumstances, it would be much to the dis- credit of prison management were proportionate financial results not obtained. "LABOUR AND MANUFACTURES.* 1859-60. 1860-61. 1861-62. Average number of prisoners daily engaged in manufactures...... 811 9G6 1 ,000 Net profit realised............ 36,141-2-02 52,098-5-0^ 59,952-1-llf Average earning of each prisoner engaged in manufactures...... 44-9-0-2 53-14-10 9 59-15-3 Showing a steady, progressive, and very creditable advance, by which the whole gross cost of the prison, amounting to Rs. 55,606-0-8 J, has been paid and a small surplus secured. Press Department. The out-turn of the Press Department is subjoined :— Lithographic Department. Value of work executed from the 1st May 1861 to 30th April 1862, viz:— Value of audited Bills transferred to the R R Deputy Auditor and Accountant be- ' neral............................ 1,51,629 11 11 Value of present year's work outstanding on the 3 Jth April 1862............ 32,346 0 1 Amount realised in cash and by audited Bills during this year out of sum out- standing last year................ 75,690 15 8 Balance of last year's outstanding Bills.. 22,477 2 4 1,83,975 12 0 98,168 2 0 Value of printed forms in store on the 30th April 1862 .................. ...... 13,698 5 0 Gross out-turn of the year .................. 2,95,842 3 0 * Extract from Dr. Mouat's report for 1861, page 914. 20 Rs. a. p. Uh. a. p. Brought over .... ...... 2,95,842 3 0 Deduct charges as follows :— For Establishment.................. 12,755 5 8 „ Packing...................... 1,662 15 0 „ Stationery .................... 36,003 5 2 ,, Block and plant purchased during the year..................... ...... „ Contingencies.................. 1,489 0 6 -------------51,910 10 4 Net out-turn of the year........ ...... 2,43,931 8 8 Deduct amount realised at the close of last year........................ 98,168 2 0 Ditto value of printed forms in store on the 30th April 1862................ 10,000 0 0 --------------1,08,168 2 0 Net profits.................. ...... 1,35,763 6 8 Typographic Department. Value of work executed from the 1st May 1861 to 30th April 1862, viz :- Value of audited Bills transferred to the Deputy Auditor and Accountant Ge- neral...........^................ 89,277 12 6 Value of present year's work outstanding on the 30th April 1862............ 16,173 0 0 lis. a. p. Rs. Amount realised in cash by audited Bills during this year out of sum outstand- ing last year...................... 34,845 7 10 Balance of last year's outstanding Bills.. 14,238 9 2 1,05,450 12 6 49,084 1 0 Value of printed forms in store on the 30th April 1862.................. ...... 5,000 0 0 Gross out-turn of the year...... ...... 1,59,534 13 6 Deduct charges as follows:— For Establishment.................. 5,003 1111 „ Packing ...................... 625 6 6 „ Stationery...................... 25,064 2 0 „ Block and plant purchased during the year.................... 30 0 0 „ Contingencies.................. 885 9 6 -------------31,608 13 11 Net out-turn of the year........ ...... 1,27,925 15 7 21 Us. a. p. lis. a. p. Brought over .... ...... 1,27,925 15 7 Deduct amount unrealized at the close of last year ........................ 49,084 1 0 Ditto value of printed forms in store on the 30th April 1862 .............. 5,000 0 0 --------.------ 54,084 1 0 Net profits .................. ...... 73,841 14 7 Total result of both Departments. Value of work executed from 1st May 1861 to 30th April 1862, viz:— Value of audited Bills transferred to the -p R Deputy Auditor and Accountant Ge- Us' a> P' ' *' P' neral........................... 2,40,907 8 5 Value of present year's work outstanding on 30th April 1862...............\ 48,519 0 1 ---------------2,89,426 8 6 Amount realized in cash and by audited Bills during this year out of sum out- standing last year................ 1,10,536 7 6 Value of last year's" outstanding Bills.. 36,715 11 6 ----------.----1,47,252 3 0 Value of printed forms in store on the 30th April 1862.................. ...... 18,698 5 0 Gross out-turn of the year..... ...... 4,55,377 0 6 Deduct charges as follows : — For Establishment.................. 17,759 1 7 „ Packing ...................... 2,288 5 6 ,, Stationery .................... 61,067 7 2 ,, Block and plant purchased during the year .................... 30 0 0 „ Contingencies.................. 2,374 10 0 _------------- 83,519 8 3 Net out-turn of the year...... ...... 3,71,857 8 3 Deduct amount unrealized at the close of last year.......'................. 1,47,252 3 0 Ditto value of printed forms in store on the 30th April 1862 .............. 15,000 0 0 ---------------1,62,252 3 0 Net profits ................ ...... 2,09,605 5 3 This amount was netted by a daily average of 204 prisoners, viz. 113 in the Lithographic and 91 in the Typographic Department, 22 showing the average earning of each prisoner in the Lithographic Department to be Rs. 1,201-7-1 per annum or Rs. 3-4-7 per diem, in the Typographic Department Rs. 811-7-2 and 2-3-7 respectively, and in both departments Rs. l,027-7-7'6 annually, or Rs. 2-13 daily. 91. It will be clear from what has been above stated that it is no new system of prison management, no new branch of prison industry, no new discovery in trade, arts, or handicrafts that has produced such remarkable results, but a most fortunate combination of advantages, such as is possessed by no other Jail in India, or perhaps in the world, that has raised Alipore to its present enviable financial position. 92. Each prisoner employed on gunny bag manufacture turns out 18 yards and a half of gunny cloth per diem, or sufficient to make up nine bags; these bags are sold at the rate of about Rs. 35 per hundred, and so great is the demand that the Jail fails to meet it. The superiority of the Jail manufacture ensures it a ready sale and successful competition with that of the free labour market. 93. The profits from the Presses and gunny bag manufactures were so enormous as to have raised the gross out-turn of the Jail during 1861 to Rs. 4,55,377-0-6, leaving a balance to the credit of the Jail in net profits to the extent of Rs. 2,09,605-5-3—a fact, as Dr. Mouat observes, constituting Alipore a self-supporting Jail. There is no doubt that this prison is a large convict School of Industry where manufactures and printing are carried on on a very extensive scale, and with very great success, by the Jailor and overseers, who profit very largely by the out-turn of prison labour, in the one case at the rate of 12^ per-cent commission on the profits of the manu- factures, after deducting all expenses of raw materials and plant, and in the others at the rate of 14^ per-cent. 94. The high percentage allowed to the Jailor gives him in addition to his salary, viz. Rs. 200, about Rs. 600 to 900 per mensem, a douceur sufficiently enticing to stimulate him to exertions, which have been within the last three years more than quadrupled in their results. 23 95. On the day of my visit there where 1,618 prisoners, all males ; of these 12 were Europeans and East Indians, and 25 untried. All the females, 170 in number, the non-labouring and civil prisoners are confined at Russa, about three miles from Alipore. 96. There is a peculiarity with regard to Europeans and East Indians in this Jail which more than any other characteristic exhi- bits the purely industrial nature of the institution. It is this, that there is no prison dress for this class of convicts; they enjoy the privilege of wearing their own clothes, be they consistent or not with their condition as convicts, which, from my observation, was far from being the case; their dress was scarcely distinguishable from that of the Jail officials; it was consequently difficult, nay, in my own case, at first sight impossible, to distinguish a convict of this class from a European Jail subordinate. 97. In the matter of food also they enjoy similar privileges ; each receives the equivalent of 6 annas per diem, be it tea, chocolate, or coffee, mutton, beef, fowl, or vegetables, cooked in any form best suited to the taste or caprices of each. 98. Prisoners of this class also are not separated at night, but sleep, as they work, in association. Twelve Europeans and East Indians on the day of my visit were occupying one cell, each having a separate cot; lights are also permitted to burn all night in this as well in all other cells in the Jail. 99. No attempt is, I believe, made at education beyond a weekly visit by the Chaplain. Dr. Mouat, in his last report, says that " as a moral agent of reformation it is not attempted." 100. It is, perhaps, scarcely possible to conceive a system more indulgent, less tentative in respect of moral reformation, and better calculated to promote the comfort of the convicts than that which I have in a few words attempted to describe. 101. As having produced a great financial success, and con- verted a convict prison into a source of large revenue to Government, the Jail officers merit every commendation, but whether also all the requirements of a well-regulated system of sound prison discipline have been fulfilled I will leave others to determine. 24 102. The Jail is guarded by Military Police; they amounted during 1861 to about 80 sepoys, with the usual proportion of native officers, furnishing 8 sentries. The cost of this guard is not debited to the Jail, nor are the reliefs taken into calculation, as is the case in all the Bombay Jails which are guarded by sepoys of the line. 103. In addition to the Military Guard, there are 31 Burkun- dauzes, inclusive of native officers, for intramural purposes. 104. The fixed establishment of the Jail consists of— 1 Jailor, European, besides commission at 12£ per-cent ........................» . Rs. 200 2 Overseers, Europeans, at Rs. 50 each, with 1J per-cent commission................ 2 English writers at Rs. 16 and Rs. 20...... 2 ditto in Magistrate's office Rs. 10 and Rs. 35 3 Hospital Assistants Rs 20, Rs. 20, and Rs. 24. 1 Compounder................... 3 Domes....................... 1 Civil Surgeon................. Extra Establishment. 1 Native writer for manufactures . .. 1 Duffedar and 2 peons for ditto 100 36 45 64 10 10 200 20 18 Total____Rs. 703 105. In addition to the above, several prisoners are employed as English and Vernacular writers in the Jailor's office. 106. The Hospital, formerly the female prison, is inconveni- ently situated at some distance from the Jail. There were 120 sick on the day of my visit, and the deaths last year, said to be an un- usually healthy one, amounted to 136, chiefly resulting from diar- rhoea, dysentery, and anasarca. The building is commodious and well ventilated, and well adapted for the purpose to which it is appropriated. 25 107. The House of Correction at Calcutta, like the sister House or Correction. instjtution at Bombay, is not under the juris- diction of the Inspector-General of Prisons, Both European and East Indian and Native convicts are confined here. Unlike Alipore, all European and East Indians have each a separate cell at night, but work during the day in association. Their labour consists in breaking stones for road metal, and that of the natives in the manufacture of gunny bags. 108. Large quantities of smooth stones, chiefly ships'ballast from Mauritius, are heaped up in different parts of the Jail compound and within the subdivision walls; these are broken up and sold to the municipality of Calcutta for the repair of the streets and roads in the vicinity. 109. Although a useful and profitable description of labour for Europeans, it no doubt, in the manner in which it is worked, is a dangerous one, as affording ample and ready means of offence within the narrow limits of the Jail enclosure. 110. On the day of my visit a Committee composed of the Chief Magistrate, an Engineer Officer, and the Inspector-General of Prisons had assembled to report on the condition of the cells, many of which are close and ill ventilated, and devise means of increasing the accommodation. 111. As I understand the result has been a condemnation of all alterations of and additions to the present building, and in sup- port of constructing a new Prison, I need not enter into any detailed description of the general arrangements, which, with the exception of the upper cells, are inferior to those of the House of Correction at Bombay and Madras. \6th January 1863.—112. Left Calcutta this day for Burd- wan in company with the Inspector-General, and visited the Jail there on the same and following days. 113. This Jail is considered a good type of the Mofussil Jails in the lower Provinces, and certainly when it is borne in mind, as I am informed by Dr. Mouat, that several of his Jails consist merely 4 I G 26 of open sheds surrounded by bamboo matting with bamboo fences in lieu of enclosure-walls of masonry, the Burdwan Jail ranks high in the scale of Jail architecture as hitherto attained in Bengal. 114. The wards are contained in a single block of building in the centre of the compound, surrounded by a wall in addition to the enclosure-wall of the Jail. This inner wall is utterly useless, except as a means of obstructing free circulation of air, and has very properly been directed to be removed. 115. The old worksheds and cooking-sheds are thatched and placed against the enclosure-wall—a very objectionable arrangement, affording facilities for escapes. 116. New sheds, however, are being constructed. 117. In this Jail none but those sentenced to rigorous imprison- ment are confined. Non-labouring, civil, and female prisoners occupy a separate building at a distance of half a mile. This arrangement is objectionable and expensive, and entails a good deal of extra labour on the officers of the Jail. 118. None of the prisoners are employed on extramural labour. The manufactures consist of gunny and cloths of different quality, chiefly for Jail use. The fly-shuttle is used in this Jail as at Alipore, and saves much time and improves the quality of the manufacture, but its employment is restricted to those who have become efficient as weavers. 119. The Hospital is within the Jail walls, and is airy, and affords ample accommodation for the sick. The ratio of sick to strength was 5 per-cent on the day of my visit. The sick are required to sleep on the ground, separated merely from the chunam flooring by a mat—an arrangement which has frequently been found preju- dicial to health. 120. There is accommodation in this Jail for 500 prisoners, at about 280 cubic feet of space. There were 475 confined in the Jail on the day of my visit; they were all inspected, and from physical appearances gave evidence of being well fed and well cared for. The prisoners' clothing is not uniform, as many of them possessed of good clothes on admission are permitted to retain and wear them during their confinement. 27 121. This indulgence is represented to be the result of the small amount to which Jail clothing is restricted by the orders of Go- vernment, viz. Rs. 2-12 per convict per annum. 122. The fixed establishment consists of one Jailor—a European pensioned Serjeant—on Rs. 25 per mensem, exclusive of his pension and a percentage of 12\ on the profits of the factory. 123. A memorandum of the establishment is given below:— Memorandum of Establishment—Fixed, Extra, and Contingent—of the Burdwan Jail. no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Criminal Jail. Police Guards. Total.... Rs. Salaries drawn by each per Month. Rs. 25 15 6 4 20 5 4 8 annas Moiety. 10 9 7 6 • • • • Rate per Mensem. Remarks. Civil Jail. 1 Jemedar ...... 8 0 0 Permanent. Rs. a. p. 25 0 0 15 0 0 6 0 0 12 0 0 40 0 0 5 0 0 48 0 0 17 8 0 8 0 0 13 0 0 10 0 0 9 0 0 63 0 0 114 0 0 385 8 0 Permanent. Extra. Paid from profits of Jail manufactures. Permanent. • Half of this officer's salary is charged to the Police, in consequence of his super- vising the Treasury of guards. 2nd.—Of the 28 guards put down in column 2, 20 are over the Criminal Jail, 4 over the Civil, and 4 over the Hospital. 1 Jailor ...... 1 Jemedar .... 1 Duffedar .... 3 Burkundauzes 2 Native Doctors 1 Dresser...... 12 Burkundauzes 35 Convict do. 1 #4th Grade Sub-Inspec- tor................ 1 3rd ditto Head Con- stable .............. 1 4th ditto ditto 9 1st ditto Constables .. 19 2nd ditto ditto .... 28 \lth January 1863.—124. Left Burd- wan this evening by rail, and arrived at Benares on the morning of the 19th January. 125. Visited the Prison in company with Dr. Cheke, the Civil Surgeon and Acting Superintendent, and repeated my visist on the following day. The Benares Prison is an old building, constructed in 1833, at an original cost of Rs. 1,25,000 ; this amount has since been considerably increased by annual additions and alterations, so that its present cost may be estimated at Rs. 1,50,000. 126. None of the recent prison architectural improvements are to be seen in this Jail; it consists of blocks of detached sleeping bar- racks, worksheds, &c, and a labyrinth of walls which renders guard- ing a difficult and very costly matter. 127. A new Central Prison has been sanctioned and will shortly be commenced. The plan, which I have had an opportunity of examining, is on the radiating principle, with blocks of 500 separate cells for carrying out the system, either on a modified scale by enforcing merely night separation, or in its completeness by separa- tion both by day and night. 128. The estimated cost of this new Prison is Rs. 2,50,000. This sum has, I believe, been sanctioned. It will be constructed almost entirely of sun-burnt bricks and mud, and will be large enough for the accommodation of 2,000 prisoners. 129. On the day of my first visit there were in the present building 1,796 prisoners, including females and civil prisoners of both sexes, the female civil prisoners having no separate accommo- dation, but are confined with the female convicts ! 130. I here give the establishment, fixed, contingent, and extra, and the strength and pay of guards which have lately been sanctioned by Government, and which, with two or three exceptions, has been actually in force since January 1863. This strength of establish- ment, guards, &c. will be continued in the new Prison :— 29 en < H O (3 S> W 1 I £ ^ Fixed Establishment. Superintendent......................Rs. 600 "M Jailor.............................. „ 100 Assistant Jailor...................... ,, 75 Chief Turnkey...................... „ 65 Assistant ditto...................... ,, 60 3 Warders at Rs. 50 each.............. „ 150 Darogha .......................... „ 50 Naib ditto.......................... „ 25 6 Head Turnkeys at Rs. 10 each.......... „ 60 30 Warders at Rs. 8 each................. „ 240 Mohurrer.......................... „ 12 ditto............................ „ 10 ditto............................ ,, 8 ditto............................ „ 7 English Writer...................... „ 40 ditto.......................... „ 25 Hindee Teacher .................... „ 10 Blacksmith ........................ „ 10 Carpenter.......................... „ 10 Native Doctor...................... „ 25 2 ditto at Rs. 20 each............ „ 40 1 Compounder........................ ,, 10 Total per month.... Rs. 1,632 Guards, Police. 1 Chief Constable..............Rs. 40 8 Head ditto.................. „ 82 4 Mounted Police.............. „ 80 90 Foot ...................... „ 540 Total per month---Rs. 742 * Dr. Moir. f In addition, 10 per-cent commission on the profits of manufactures- 30 Guards, Contingent. 2 Jemedars at Rs. 30 and Rs. 16. .Rs. 46 3 Duffedars at Rs. 10 each...... „ 30 50 Burkundauzes ..............., 230 1 Mohurrer, Karkhana.......... ,, 15 1 ditto Store-rooms........ „ 15 1 ditto in charge labour-tickets „ ~i5 Total per month.... Rs 351 Extra Guards. 12 Convict Burkundauzes at Rs. 4 each per mensem .........Rs. 48 Total per month___Rs 2,773 131. Making an annual expenditure on account of establish- ment, guards, &c. of Rs. 33,276. The expenditure on the same account was last year—that is previous to the increased scale— Rs. 22,000, being an increase of Rs. 11,276 from the 1st of January 1863. 132. The expense of working the manufactures of every de- scription during 1862 Amounted to............Rs. 26,666 14 1 Of feeding the prisoners.... „ 21,392 15 3 Of establishment and guards.,, 22,000 0 0 Total......Rs. 70,059 13 4 The out-turn on account of the entire labour of the pri- son during the same period Rs. 31,552 14 1 Balance.. Rs. 38,506 15 3 133. The total excess of expenditure over the entire out-turn of the Jail is represented by the above figures, viz. Rs. 38,506-15-3 —a result very far from satisfactory in an economical point of view, and a striking contrast to that of the Alipore Jail. 31 134. Unless the result of prison-labour is much improved during the present year, the difference between the present and late establishments, viz. Rs. 11,276, will goto swell still more the heavy balance against the working of the Jail. 135. The male prisoners' clothing consists of 1 blanket, 1 blanket-coat, 1 woollen cap, 2 dhotees, 2 langotees, 2 mats, 2 pair gaiters per annum, the cost of which is restricted to Rs. 2-8. The females receive 2 dhotees, 2 cloth-jackets, 2 mats, 1 blanket, the cost not exceeding Rs. 2-8 per annum. 136. The clothing of the prisoners, both male and female, is coloured according to their degree of crime as follows, viz. For life-prisoners—yellow ; dacoity, highway robbery—black ; theft, petty assaults—blue; murders, homicide, serious affray—red; forgery, per- jury, cutting and wounding—white ; adultery, abduction, unnatural crimes, &c—- purple. 137. The labour consists of manufactures, which vary from the common woollen and cotton clothing to the finest gold and silver cloth. Each prisoner on admission receives a labour-ticket correspond- ing in colour to that of his clothes, and on this ticket is recorded every day the amount and description of work performed. 138. To each prisoner is also given a wooden ticket, on one side of which is entered his number and date of admission, and on the other day, month, and year on which his sentence expires. 139. The system of convict Burkundauze I was informed by Dr. Cheke, the Acting Superintendent, had been in force for several years and had answered remarkably well. One of the regular Burkundauzes of the Jail employed at the Lithographic press had formerly been a convict Burkundauze, and on his release had, at his own request, been reemployed on the establishment with marked success. 140. Each convict Burkundauze is entitled to 4 rupees a month ; from this is deducted the price of his food and clothing; the balance is allowed to accumulate during his term of imprisonment and is paid to him on release. 32 141. The following rules are in force on this subject:—" Before a prisoner can be entrusted to guard his fellow-convicts his own conduct must have been uniformly good throughout the whole time of his incarceration; it is also necessary that the crime for which he was imprisoned involve no moral turpitude, and that his character prior to the time he committed the crime for which he was sen- tenced had been, as far as is known, upon the whole good. 142. " Prisoner Burkundauzes enjoy the pay and privileges of free Burkundauzes within the prison; the only difference between the two classes is that prison Burkundauzes wear a different coloured dress, and are never allowed outside the prison. " 143. These prisoners are employed in the worksheds, and are said to be valuable aids. The system appears on the whole worthy of careful imitation, being both economical and efficient. 144. The Hospital is by far the best building in the Jail. There has lately been a good deal of diarrhoea among the prisoners, necessitating a measure of removal to a distance in tents, which has had the desired effect. 145. The conservancy of the Jail consists of covered and open drains which intersect the Jail in all directions, and although every attention seems to be paid to their cleanliness, and charcoal is used with no sparing hand in their deodorization, there can be but little doubt that they are objectionable, and are at certain seasons and under certain circumstances the cause of increased sickness. 146. The cleanliness of the Jail generally—the buildings, walls, compound, &c.—is carried out with the most scrupulous care. Every wall, ward, workshed, &c. is leeped every day with white earth and water by the cooks of the different messes—a measure of most salutary precaution. 147. Classification is carried out in accordance with the colours of the clothing of the different classes of offenders, and those of the same colour are, as far as practicable, confined in the same sleeping ward. 148. Education too receives a good deal of attention ; in the case of boys especially this is of the greatest importance; the older 33 prisoners, however, are not neglected; a class of such men was being taught on the occasion of my first visit to the Jail; they were said to have been incapable of reading or writing before confinement; they read, however, in my presence fluently and worked sums in arithmetic accurately, and appeared anxious to learn. A teacher is specially employed on the fixed establishment whose duties are confined to this branch of the prison system. 2lst January 1863.—149. Started from Benares this morning by carriage dak and reached Allahabad the Allahabad. . . . , same evening; visited the next morning in com- pany with Dr, Clark, the Inspector-General of Prisons North-West Provinces, and the Superintendent Dr. Jackson, the old prison at this station, and in the afternoon the new central prison in course of construction about five miles from the station on the opposite bank of the river Jumna. 150. The old prison need not be further described than by stating that it consists of parallel blocks of barracks which now contain only about five or six hundred prisoners ; the buildings are of the most kutcha description, many of them out of repair, and the whole very properly condemned. 151. The remainder of the prisoners—about a thousand in number—are confined in portions of the new prison which has been completed, and are employed solely under the orders of the Superin- tendent Dr. Jackson and several overseers in building the new prison. 152. The plan of this prison—very similar in design to that recommended many years ago by Mr. Woodcock—is on the radiating principle, the radii converging to a circle around the central tower, but having a clear open space of about 60 feet between the circle of convergence and the tower for free ventilation. 153. Accommodation will be provided for 3,000 prisoners in five hundred separata sleeping cells and associated wards; the system therefore will be a mixed one, and is, in the opinion of Dr. Clark, that best adapted for our criminals in this country. My own conviction, however, is that by this half measure only a portion of the evils of night association is remedied, and that those evils are 5 I G 34 so grave that no consideration of economy should prevent the adoption measures whicli shall effectually put a stop to them, viz. complete separation of every prisoner by night. 154. A sum of Rs. 2,75,000 has been sanctioned for this prison, exclusive of convict labour, the value of whicli is calculated at about Rs. 2,25,000, bringing up jthe whole cost of the buildings to Rs. 5,00,000. The buildings were commenced in the year 1859, and scarcely a fourth part is as yet completed; the outside walls, which enclose an area of 63 acres, occupied by the prison buildings, have as yet scarcely been commenced. 155. This wall—3 feet wide and 16 feet high—is to be con- structed above the foundation and plinth, which are pucka, entirely of sunburnt bricks and mud, and surmounted by a deep coping of tiles and chunam to protect it from the rain. Want of sufficient funds is, I believe, the only reason which has obliged the Inspector- General to sanction this description of building. All the other walls within the prison are of similar materials, together with the sleeping- wards and worksheds, with the addition, however, of pucka brick and chunam arches in the wards to receive the iron bars and barred doors. The roofs consist of single tiles * of a very superior descrip- tion, supported on a substantial frame work of timber and iron. 156. Each subdivision may be said to be a complete prison in itself, having its sleeping-wards, workshed, cookroom, &c, and every provision has been made for Hospital, Jailor's quarters, offices, godowns, storerooms, &c. The plan on the whole is well adapted for a Central Prison in this country; every facility has been afforded for free ventilation, the importance of which has been most carefully kept in view. 157. A considerable piece of land has been obtained in the close vicinity of the prison for a garden ; a substantial house is also to be built at a convenient distance for the Superintendent whose duties are entirely confined to the close supervision of every branch of prison management and sole medical charge on a salary of Rs. 800 per mensem. * The S shaped tile 12 to 14 inches square. 35 158. Dr. Clark, the Inspector-General, kindly promised me a copy of his plan for all his central prisons, which shall be hereafter submitted to Government with such alterations as shall, in my opinion, appear necessary, when the subject of central prisons for the Bombay presidency shall receive the consideration of Government. 159. By the employment of convict labour on so large a scale in the construction of the new prison, the manufacturing labour of the old Jail has of necessity suffered considerably. I therefore refrain from giving data on this point as affording an unfair criterion of the manufacturing capabilities of this prison. 160. Statements of the establishments of the different Jails in the North-West Provinces have been kindly furnished me by Dr. Clark, and are given in the appendix, together with strength and cost of guard, marked D, E, F. 161. The Diet table in use is also given and marked G. This table, though constructed on the same principle as that lately sanc- tioned by Government for the Bombay Jails, is less liberal in the matter of vegetables and oleaginous principle. 162. It will be seen that the Civil Surgeons receive a salary varying from Rs. 50 to Rs. 100 for the medical charge of the smaller Jails, and the Superintendents of the central prisons, who are spe- cially selected medical officers, and who have sole charge of the Jail, Rs. 600 to Rs. 800 per mensem. 163. The establishments for the central prisons are most efficient, though they probably are on a much more liberal scale than Government would be desirous to sanction for similar prisons in the Bombay presidency. 164. The scale generally throughout the North-West is far more liberal than that whicli obtains either in the Lower Provinces, the Punjab, or Oudh, but the number of prisoners is so large that the proportion to each prisoner is but comparatively small. In my own opinion, however, the scale is extravagantly large. 36 25*/* January 1863.—165. Arrived this morning at Lucknow from Allahabad vid Cawnpore. The journey to Cawnpore was performed by rail and thence by carriage dak. Visited the Central Prison with the Superintendent and Inspector of Prisons in the province of Oudh, Dr. Cannon. 166. This prison is not completed, and is being constructed on the same plan as that at Allahabad; it was commenced in May 1861 and has already made considerable progress. The building is situated on an open plain about 3 miles from the city, and is in- tended to afford accommodation for 3,000 prisoners. On the first day of my visit it contained 2,011 male, female, and civil prisoners. 167. The sum sanctioned by Government for the construction of this prison is Rs. 3,00,000, exclusive of prison-labour, by which alone the prison is to be constructed. About 1,000 prisoners have been employed on the works since their commencement, the re- mainder being engaged in manufactures, oil press, grinding corn, cultivating the extensive gardens, and making the roads and ap- proaches to the prison. A printing press has lately been introduced, and is calculated to prove when fairly in operation, as at Alipore and elsewhere, the most profitable branch of Jail industry. 168. The system of discipline and management is the same as that in force at Benares, already described, and general in the central prisons in the North-West Provinces. 169. The establishment, fixed and contingent, given in the appendix marked H, amounts only to Rs. 435 for 3,000 prisoners, and is far more economical than that for the central prisons in the North-Western Provinces. 170. Taking Agra for example, the strength of which most nearly approximates to that of Lucknow, a difference of Rs. 1,297 will be found to exist between the two scales and in favour of Luck- now ; that is, the cost of the establishment considered necessary for the Agra central prison, with 2,657 prisoners, exceeds by Rs. 1,297 per mensem that proposed for the central prison at Luck- now with 3,000 prisoners, 37 171. The pay of the Superintendent (Rs. 700) is included in the Agra, not so, however, in the Lucknow scale. The Superin- tendent at the latter is also Inspector of the Jails in the provinces of Oudh. Were therefore half his salary (Rs. 500) charged in the establishment scale, the difference would be reduced to Rs. 797—still a very formidable balance. 172. The establishments for the District Jails are also on an equally economical scale and vary from Rs. 102 to Rs. 182. 173. The permanent guards consist of one company of Police at a monthly cost of about Rs. 1,200; these men are merely for the custody of the prison. There are, besides, contingent guards em- ployed in guarding the prisoners in the Jail and on the extensive works under construction. They consist of 3 Jemedars, 7 Duffedars, and 239 Burkundauzes at a monthly cost of Rs. 1,287. 174. The strength of the contingent guards appears enormous, but when it is considered that there are upwards of 1,000 prisoners employed on the Jail buildings besides those on the manufactures, and that many of them are obliged to be sent to a distance to bring building materials, &c, the proportion will be found to be slightly over 5 to 1. 175. The total annual cost of the fixed establishment—guards, permanent and contingent—and other miscellaneous charges for the Lucknow Central Prison amounts to Rs. 66,312. and the total an- nual cost on the same account for the Central Divisional and District Jails in the Province of Oudh to Rs. 2,21,600. 21th January 1863.—176. Arrived at Agra from Lucknow A via Cawnpore this evening. The journey from Lucknow to Cawnpore was performed by dak carriage, thence to Agra by rail. 177. Visited the Central Prison on the 28th and 29th with Dr. Plank the Superintendent. This prison is situated near the city, and a good many houses in the outskirts of the bazaar have been re- moved to make room for the additions and improvements that are taking place. 178. This prison is of considerable interest and importance as having been commenced in 1849 by Mr. Woodcock, the pioneer of all Jail improvements in India, and as containing arrangements for carrying out the separate system which shall be hereafter explained. 179. Unlike the prisons now under construction at Allahabad, Benares, Lucknow, and even here, all the buildings which Mr. Wood- cock erected were of the most substantial and permanent character. The handsome frontage of the prison, with a suite of offices, godowns, guardrooms, &c. is of this description ; so also are the barracks, some of which cost Rs. 10,000 each; the outside walls under Mr. Wood- cock's superintendence are all substantially built of pucka masonry, and present a very different appearance from the mud buildings— without plaster, and merely washed over with clay and water—which . are being erected in the North-West, and which not only have an unsightly and perishable appearance, but which also left on my mind an impression of insecurity. 180. The plan of buildings in this prison is of a mixed kind, such as, I believe, exists nowhere else in India. There are barracks, on the associated principle, others on the separate, the cells of which can be used either as merely separate night cells, or for the purpose of carrying out the separate system in its completeness, for there exists a building, similar to those at Pentonville, for carrying out the principle of solitary and silent exercise. This consists of a small central tower from which radiate to the circumference 25 subdivisions, separated from each other by a blank wall high enough to prevent communication from one to the other. On the top of the tower stands the sentry who commands all the radii, and by an aperture in the centre of the tower, can look down upon the convict-cook below, who is, also in solitary silence, preparing food for his brother convicts. 181. There are parallel wards and others arranged in semicir- cular radiations. The new wards again which are under construction are on the entire circular principle, similar to those at Lucknow and Allahabad, and of equally cutcha materials. In this prison therefore are concentrated all the means necessary for carrying out the asso- ciated system by night and day—the separate by night and associated by day—and also the complete separate system. 39 182. The discipline, however, actually in force does not em- brace more than one of these systems, viz. that of association by night and day. There are two barracks containing each 66 separate cells, but these are only made use of as solitary cells to carry out sentences of solitary confinement or punishments for breach of prison rules; the building for exercise in silence and separation is not used at all. 183. This in my opinion is much to be regretted, as there lies within the precincts of this central prison a rare and valuable field for accurately testing the relative value of the different systems of discipline, and their sanitary and reformatory results as applied to the convict population of this country. 184. I was informed that there were legal objections to carry- ing out these disciplinary reforms. If such there be, I conceive that they cannot be too early removed, and in framing any new enactment to regulate the discipline and management of the prisons in the Bombay presidency, I would respectfully suggest that the power of en- forcing these different systems of discipline should be provided for. 185. The improvements already referred to, initiated by Mr. Woodcock, were left unfinished, and were completed on the original plans by Dr. J. P. Walker some years after. 186. The prison buildings, old and new, cover an area of 60 acres of ground, including a small vegetable garden within the pre- cincts of the prison walls, which affords occupation to convalescent and infirm prisoners. At Secundra, about 3 miles from Agra, there is an experimental farm where 300 short-term convalescent and weakly prisoners are confined and employed on field labour. In a sanitary point of view this experiment has produced very beneficial results ; but for very obvious reasons, such as the existence of numerous large trees, shrubs &c.—all enemies to successful agriculture, but which are not permitted to be removed—the financial results have not been satisfactory. 187. In this garden stands the tomb of Acbar, a place of unusual resort and religious veneration to all Mussulmans, who are 40 permitted free access to these splendid buildings. This fact alone constitutes an insuperable objection to the selection of Secundra Baugh as a convict farm. 188. The principle, however, of prison farms is one which I highly commend, and which in my opinion should be adopted in connection with all central prisons, both on sanitary as well as eco- nomical grounds. 189. The number of prisoners in the central prison, inclusive of Secundra, amounts to 2,650, and on the new buildings being com- pleted there will be accommodation for 3,000. A sum of Rs. 60,000 has been sanctioned for the new buildings, but this will not suffice for their completion; the total amount will probably reach Rs. 1,00,000, exclusive of convict labour, by which the buildings here as well as elsewhere in the North-West are being almost exclusively constructed. 190. The discipline and management in force in this prison is similar to that at Benares and the prisons generally throughout the North-West. Education, classification, and the separation of juveniles is carried out with a good deal of care and attention. From inquiries and information gathered from the prison officers as to the real ulterior moral value of such education as is in force in the North- Western prisons, I conceive the results are not very satisfactory, though in the case of boys its value cannot but be of much im- portance. If prison instructions produce only such results as lead to regularity and method, and employ the time and attention, while in confinement, of those whose sentences do not include rigorous imprisonment—those idlers and mischief-makers who have leisure to plot, devise, and carry out means of combination or escape, or plan measures for future fraud and crime—it will have effected at least some amount of good. 191. Hindee is, I believe, almost universally in the North- West the language taught in the Jails; but I conceive that in the instance of boys especially English should be substituted, as is the case at Agra. 192. The weakest, I was almost about to say the only weak point in the management of this prison is the system of conservancy ; li no one, I believe, is more alive to the necessity of radical im- provement in this respect than the Superintendent himself. The privies, like others that I have met with elsewhere, consist of a V shaped gutter, made of two long, narrow slabs of stone cemented together with chunam at the bottom ; at the top they are joined to broad horizontal slabs of stone. The contents of these gutters are washed out with water into fixed nands or earthen-pots placed at- one or both ends of the gutters, and the contents of these earthen- pots are ladled out b}r the mehters into other pans, and then carried out of the Jail and deposited at a distance. 193. By such a system, dry conservancy—the only satisfactory mode of disposing of Jail filth—is ignored or disregarded. The ground below and around the gutters and earthen-pots must be soiled, nay saturated, with offensive matter, which there lies and putrifies, to the detriment of all sanitary precautions, a fruitful source of danger and disease. A great amount also of unnecessary and disgusting labour is entailed on the convict mehters. 191. The night-privy in use in the Agra prison is constructed by bending the straight bars of one of the windows in such a way as that the level of the curve shall form a scat just high enough to receive, below it and outside the window, an earthen or metal pan whicli is removed in the morning. 195. Dv. Mouat says on this subject, "Dr. MacNamara's night-privy is a simple but effective improvement on the Agra plan, by covering in the vessel. It is more than probable, however, that in nine cases out of ten the cover when once removed is not put on again until the morning. The arrangement of the grating con- nected with it is not practicable in all Jails, and is altogether a minor improvement." 196. The establishment of this prison has already been given in statement D. I subjoin below a statement* showing the strength and pay of the Police and Contingent guards, from which it will be * The figures vary somewhat from those in Statements E an J V, but as 1 received those in the subjoined" memorandum on the spot from the Superintendent, I ojiisidoi them the more correct: Gig 42 seen that they amount to 251. and that (licit aggregate monthly pay is Rs. 1,546. The Police guard is merely for the safe custody of the prison, is supplid from the Police corps of the district, and relieved at intervals varying from eight days to three months. This guard supplies all the reliefs for the period. Like all other similar guards in all the Jails I visited, it is on duty at the prison. 197. The Contingent or Burkundauze guard is for duty over the convicts employed on intra or extramural labour in the gardens or at the works, and varies according to the strengh of the prisoners, being in the proportion of about 1 in 5 on extramural and I in 15 or 20 on intramural duty. Strength and Pay of Police Guard of the Agra Central Prison on 1st January 1863. Rank. Monthly Pay. Inspector ......... Chief Constable .. . Head Constables... Constables ....... Mounted Constables Total, Strength and Pay of Contingent Guard of the Agra Central Prison on \st January 1863. Rank. Sirdar Jemedar nt I Jemedar D u fifed ar Do. Do. Burkundauze Do. 15 each .............. Vi „ •••■.......... 10 „.............. 8 „ .......-...... 6 „ ........•..... 5 „.............. 4 „ ..•■-......... Total,. Strength. Pay. Rs. a. p. 2 30 0 0 2 24 0 0 2 20 0 0 2 16 0 0 11 66 0 0 30 150 0 0 83 332 0 0 132 638 0 0 43 i98. The tot.i expenditure for the year 1862 is contained in the statement k-low, from which it will be seen that the gross sum amounted to Rs. 0(5,532 5-G. To this statement are added the disbursements and receipts for the same period, as well as the profits of the Karkhana, after deducting the expense of raw materials. This is represented by Rs. 21,751-2-3, and shows merely the working of the Karkhana. 199, Deducting this sum from the total expenditure, there remains a balance of Rs. 44,781-3-3 to the debit of the Jail: — Agra Jail expenditure during the year 1862. Amount. Permanent establishment .................., Permanent Police guard...................., Contingent establishment................... Miscellaneous and reward of recaptured convicts, Native medicines.......................... Dietary of prisoners and ?ick prisoners........ Clothing and bedding of prisoners............, Repairs................................... Rs. a. p. 11,762 13 6 10,861 0 0 7,614 14 3 1,755 10 9 29 2 8 31,466 8 4 2,873 4 0 169 0 0 Total......Rs. 66,532 5 6 Disbursements and Receipts of Jail Manufactures during the year 1862. Disbursements of raw materials and Karkhana Receipts of ditto ditto Total.... Rs. Rs. a. p. 33,805 3 5 55,555 5 8 21,751 2 3 200. A return of sickness and mortality is given below, from which it will be seen that the percentage of sickness to strength was 4-4 and of deaths to strength 5*2. At Alipore, as far as 1 can gather from Dr. Mouat's last published report, the percentage of mortality for 1861 was 8-81 per-cent.* * The average mortality during the ten preceding years was 15-44. 44 201. Fevers are the prevailing diseases in the Agra Jail, and at the period of my visit cases of a low type were under treatment. Average daily strength of prisoners during the year 18G2. 2,541 Average daily number of sick prisoners.............. 112'3 Total number of patients during the year 18C2........ 4,133 Total number of deaths during the year 1862 ........ 133 Average sick to strength per-cent................... 4 "4 Deaths to strength per-cent.......................... 5*L 202. The system of convict Burkundauzes and Lumberdars is carried out in this prison, which the Superintendent informed me worked very satisfactorily. 203. The Lumberdars clean the wards, look after the prison- ers' bedding and sec that it is properly aired and taken care of every day, are responsible in each ward for the good conduct of the prison- ers at night; they work with the prisoners during the day, ifartizans— such being selected if possible,—and also superintend their work. They receive some slight indulgence on Sundays in the shape of ohee or sugar, and each wears a small brass plate on his left arm corresponding with the number of his ward, and a distinguishing dress of a colour different from that of any other class of prisoners. These men are selected on account of their good conduct and cha- racter since incarceration, without reference to their crime. Remis- sion of sentence forms no part of this system, which distinguishes it from that at Lahore. 204. A most comfortable house, built by Mr. Woodcock in the vicinity of the prison, is allowed rent-free to tiie Superintendent, who enjoys this privilege, together with all the Superintendents in the North-West, in addition to his salary of Rs. 700 per mensem. 30th January 18G3—205. Arrived at Meerut during the night Meerut by dak, having left Agra the previous evening. 45 206. Visited the Central Prison with Superintendent Dr. Cunningham on the 31st. This prison is still incomplete, though the buildings are in a much more advanced state than any of the central prisons in the North-West, The plans and the general arrangements of the wdiole of these prisons are similar throughout. I need not further describe the Meerut prison than by saying that it forms no exception to the rule. 207. Considerable injury was done to the buildings during the mutiny; these have been repaired at a cost of Rs 20,000, and about Rs. 1,00,000 more, exclusive of prison labour, are required to complete the prison. It has altogether been about six years under construction, and probably will not be entirely finished before the end of 1864. 208. This prison is, I believe, the most unhealthy in the North- West, but from wdiat special cause, beyond an ill-selected site and bad drainage, I have been unable to learn. 209. The subjoined memorandum gives the average daily strength, the daily number of sick, the number of deaths, and the ratio per-cent of deaths to strength for the last five years. The mortality, it will be seen, during 1861 was appalling, being 63*22 per-cent. This fearful result is stated to have been due to frequent epidemics in consequence of the famine. As however the mortality in the other central prisons scarcely exceeded 5 per-cent during this period, and the famine was not, I believe, confined to the Meerut districts, some more satisfactory reason must be sought for so terrible a loss of life. * That such, however, was partially due to the famine is evident from the fact of the mortality never having been so high either before or since that period. * In Dr. Clark's Report for 18G1 it is stated on the authority of a Medical Committee that the sickness and mortality were chietly due to privations previous to imprisonment. Deducting bOO deaths from famine and 525 from cholera, the death rate during this period falls to G-35 per-cent of average strength. 4G 210. The prevailing direascs are levers, diarrhoa, and dysen- tery. The former during 1861 attacked the prisoner- in anepidcmn form and was of a typhoid and very fatal type :— Average daily strength Do. do. sick .... Number of deaths .... Ratio per-cent of deaths to strength ........ 1858 892*83 31-17 159 17-80 1859 1860 1861 1,388,| 27'5 221 15-92 1,79*2 28-5 448 24-90 2,190| 66 1,385 63-22 1F62 1,341-7 34 151 11 63 211. The following table gives the total expenditure of this prison for 1862. The total cost of each prisoner was Rs. 33-9-2'G, but this does not include clothing, as none was required :— Permanent establishment . Police guard ............ Extra establishment ...... Rations ................ Bazar medicines........., Sick extra diet ........., Miscellaneous..........., Clothing and bedding....., Repairs ............... Compensation in lieu of con vict labour............. Total of each Heading;. 10,036 0 0 11,256 0 0 6,318 4 7 15,320 5 4 59 2 9 196 2 6 1,064 11 5 800 0 0 Total. 45,051 1 A Average daily No. of Pri- 1* CO Total Cost of each Prisoner.. Rs Cost per Head. 7 7 8£ 8 6 2-7 4 11 4-1 11 6 8-2 0 0 8-4 0 2 4 0 12 8 0 9 6-4 33 9 2-6 The " Extra Establishment'' includes the contingent guard. and is in fact made up of it almost entirely :— Strength of Guards. Police. 1 Chief Constable . ,.................... 40 4 Head do. at Rs. 15 each. . ,....... 60 4 do. do, at „ 10 ,, .......... 40 47 8 Head Coiiblabioat Hs. 8 each ...... ■ . . (14 4 Mounted do. at. „ 20 ,, .......... 80 100 Foot do. at „ 6 „.......... 654 Total per month. ..... Rs. 038 Burkundauze guard on an average costs Rs. 500 per mensem, including 1 Jemedar at Rs. 30 and 4 Duffedars at Rs. 7 each, or Rs 6,000 per annum. 212. The gross receipts on account of manufactures during 1862 amounted to Rs. 19,412-3-1, the disbursements to Rs. 11,677-12, leaving a balance of profits on this head of Rs. 7,734-7-1. Deduct- ing, however, the profits from the gross cost of maintenance, there remains a heavy balance of Rs. 37,316-10-3 to the debit of the Jail. 213. These figures as well as the return of mortality are au- thentic, as they were supplied to me by the Superintendent himself. 2nd February 1863—214. Reached Delhi this morning and visited the Jail with Dr. Smith, the Civil Sur- geon. This is one of the 3rd claes Jails of the Punjaub ; it was formerly a Serai, and has by a few inexpensive alterations been converted to its present use. 21". It contains about 400 prisoners. As this Jail—beyond its scrupulous cleanliness, its admirable conservancy, and its low mor- tality, which was last year 14 per-cent—presents no features worthy of note, 1 will at once pass on to the description of the model prison of the Punjaub—that at Lahore. 1th February 1863—216. Reached Lahore from Delhi via Umballa and Hmritsur; visited the Central ahorl. prison the following morning in company with Dr. Hathaway, the Inspector-General, and the Superintendent, Dr. Dallas. 217. ThL- prison is built alino.4 tlie following arrange- constructed. ments might ultimately be carried out with advantage— 1st.—The Tanna jail to be used as a depot for transportation convicts as at present, and for the confinement of prisoners whose sentences do not exceed six months. 2nd.—The Sattara and Sholapoor jails to be converted merely into places of confinement for prisoners from their respective districts whose term does not exceed six months. 3rd.—The Poona jail to be reduced to the same standard. 77 4th.—The central prison in the Deccan to contain all prisoners from the Deccan and Khandeish, and also from the Tanna Zilla, whose term exceed six months. 5th.—The Surat jail, in consequence of its high rate of mortality, bad water, and offensive and intricate system of drains, to be altogether abandoned. 6th—A small district jail to be constructed at Surat for the short term prisoners from the Surat and Broach Zillas. 1th.—The Kaira jail to be reduced merely to a place of confine- ment for short term prisoners ; all other, that is above six months' sentence, to be sent to the central prisons. 8th.—The Ahmedabad jail to contain only prisoners whose sen- tences do not exceed six months. 9th.—The central prison in Guzerat to contain all the prisoners of that province whose term exceeds six months. 10M.—The Dhoolia jail to be reduced to the standard of that of Ahmedabad. llth.—The Rutnagherry jail to remain as at present. 12th.—The Honore jail to be abandoned ; a new jail to be built at Baitkool for North Canara. 13th.—The Dharwar jail to remain as at present, or to be en- larged so as to convert it into a central prison for the Southern Maratha Country. 14th.—The central prison in the Southern Maratha Country to contain prisoners whose term exceed six months from the Dharwar and Belgaum Zillas. 87. Some extension or modification of these propositions would probably be necessary, and the legality of the different transfers would perhaps have to be provided for, but in their general outline these are the arrangements I would suggest, by which I have little doubt a very considerable saving would accrue to Government. 88. To each of the Central Prisons a Superintendent specially selected should be appointed whose sole duties shall be devoted to the 78 discipline and management of the prison on a staff salary of Rs. 400 per mensen. 89. The Session Judges should be relieved of all duties in connection with the jails ; these to be entrusted to the Civil Surgeons, except at Poona and Ahmedabad where the duties of the Civil Sur- geons are already sufficiently onerous, special Superintendents might be appointed for each of these stations. The staff salary of these duties in the case of all the small jails should be fixed at Rs. 150 per mensem. 90. The Nazirs should be relieved of all duties in connection with the prisons; these to devolve on the jailors, from whom security should be taken, as at present, from the Nazirs. 91. I would take this opportunity of expressing my obligations to Mr. Rhode, Madras Civil Service, Inspector-General of Prisons; Major Bell, Deputy Commissioner of Police; Dr. Mouat, the Inspector-General of Prisons Lower Provinces of Bengal; Dr. Clarke, Inspector-General of Prisons North-West Provinces ; Dr. Hathaway, Inspector-General of Prisons, Punjaub, as well as Dr. Cannon, the Inspector of Prisons in Oudh and Superintendent of the Lucknow Central Prisons; to Dr. Cheke, late Superintendent of the Benares, Dr. Plank, of the Agra, Dr. Cunningham of the Meerut, and Dr. Dallasof the Lahore Central Prisons; also to Dr. Smith, Civil Surgeon at Delhi, for the ready assistance they afforded me and the informa- tion they kindly placed at my disposal. 92. Though scarcely relevant to the present subject, I trust I may here be permitted to express, from ac- Supenonty of the tuai experience my impressions of the great means ot travelling and . '. J L b v-" Railway accommodation superiority of the means and comforts of travel- in Bengal, &c \[ng throughout the Bengal Presidency both by dak and rail. 93. The very handsome station buildings at the Railway ter- mini and at the principal intermediate stations both in Madras and Bengal, to which are attached waiting-rooms with every convenience 79 and accommodation, and very creditable refreshment-rooms, where every requirement is readily supplied, form a striking contrast to the arrangements in force in this Presidency. 94. The rapidity with which a journey of upward of 4,000 miles was performed, the few days devoted to the examination and study of the many important subjects in connection with each of the numerous prisons I visited, so as to enable me to return to Bombay within the limit fixed by the Resolution of Government of the 29th No- vember last, will, I respectfully trust, plead my apology for the omis- sions and shortcomings which may, to His Excellency the Governor in Council, be apparent in the above record of my recent travels. C. G. WIEHE, M.D., Inspector-General of Prisons. 80 APPENDIX II. CONTAINING STATEMENTS OF ESTABLISHMENTS, POLICE AND CONTINGENT GUARDS OF THE JAILS OF THE LOWER PROVINCES, NORTH-WEST, OUDH, AND THE PUNJAUB. LIST OF ESTABLISHMENTS ATTACHED TO THE JAILS OF THE LOWER PROVINCES. Patna Jail Establishment. Meetapore. Rs. a. p. i 1 Darogah.....*.............. 25 0 0 1 Naibdo.................... 10 0 0 1 Native Doctor................ 25 0 0 1 Dresser .................... 4 0 0 1 Blacksmith.................. 6 0 0 Civil Jail. 1 Darogah.................... 10 0 0 1 Native Doctor---............ 30 0 0 Deega Penitentiary. 1 Sub-Assistant Surgeon........ 100 0 0 1 Compounder................ 10 0 0 Barh Lock-up. 1 Native Doctor................ 25 0 0 1 Dresser .................... 5 0 0 1 Hospital Cook................. 4 0 0 1 Mehter ................... 3 0 0 City Flajut. 1 Mehter ..................... 3 0 0 Total. . Rs. 260 0 0 81 Sarun Jail Establishment. Rs. a. p. 1 Darogah..........,........ 25 0 0 1 Naib do..................... 15 0 0 1 Native Doctor................ 20 0 0 1 Dresser ............... .... 10 0 0 1 Blacksmith .. *............... 3 0 0 Sew an Lock-up. 1 Native Doctor .............. 25 0 0 1 Dresser .................... 10 0 0 Total.. Rs. 108 0 0 Behar Jail Establishment. 1 Darogah....................... 25 0 0 1 Naib do____................ 15 0 0 1 Cooly........................ 4 0 0 Hospital Establishme?it. 2 Native Doctors ___ ......... 50 0 0 Total ..Rs. 94 0 0 Shahabad Jail Establishment. 1 Darogah.................... 25 0 0 1 Naib do.................... 10 0 0 1 Native Doctor................ 25 0 0 1 Dresser .................... 10 0 0 Sasseram Lock-up. 1 Native Doctor................ 25 0 0 1 Dresser .................... 5 0 o 11 I G Total.. Rs. 100 0 0 82 Chumparun Jail Establishment. Rs. a. p. 1 Darogah.................... 25 0 0 1 Native Doctor................ 20 0 0 1 Blacksmith ,.,.............. 4 0 0 Total.. Rs. 4.9 0 0 Tirhoot Jail Establishment. 1 Darogah.................... 25 0 0 1 Naib do...................... 15 0 0 1 Native Doctor .............. 25 0 0 3 Sweepers.................... 9 0 0 total.. Rs. 74 0 0 Bhaugulpoor Jail Establishmknt. 1 Darogah..................... 75 0 0 1 Mohurrir.................. 14 0 0 1 Jemadar.................... 10 0 0 1 Native Doctor............... 25 0 0 12 Burkundauzes.............. 48 0 0 1 Blacksmith1.................. . 4 0 0 Muddeahpoorah. 1 Native Docto'r.............. '25 0 0 1 Dresser ................... 5 0 0 1 Sweeper.................... 3 0 0 Total. . Rs. 20.9 0 0 Purneah Jail Establishment. 1 Darogah.................... 75 0 0 1 Naib do..................... 15 0 0^ 1 Mohurrir .................. 10 0 0 Carried over.. Rs. 100 0 0 83 Rs. a. p. Brought over___ 100 0 0 I Blacksmith.................. 5 0 0 1 Native Doctor................ 25 0 0 I Jemadar.................... 8 0 0 1 Compounder .....,.......... 10 0 0 1 Duffadar..................... 6 0 0 25 Burkundauzes .............. ICO 0 0 Total. Rs. 254 0 0 Monghyr Jail Establishment. 1 Darogah.................... 20 0 0 1 Native Doctor ............... 20 0 0 1 Compounder ............... 10 0 0 1 Dresser ..................... 5 0 0 1 Blacksmith................. 4 0 0 Total. . Rs. 59 0 0 Rajeshahye Jail Establishment. 1 Darogah .................... 25 0 0 2 Mohurrirs ................... 15 0 0 1 Jemadar.................... 10 0 0 4 Dufladars.................... 24 0 0 51 Burkundauzes .............. 216 0 0 Total.. IU 290 0 0 Pubna Jail Establishment. 1 Darogah.................... 10 0 0 1 Duffadar....................... 6 0 0 25 Burkundauzes .............. J 00 0 0 1 Blacksmith.................. 3 0 0 Total.. Rs. 119 0 0 84 Rungpore Jail Establishment. Rs. a. j). 1 Darogah.................... 20 0 0 1 Mohurrir ................. 8 0 0 1 Native Doctor................ 20 0 0 1 Assistant do ................ 15 0 0 1 Jemadar . .*................. 10 0 0 3 Duffadars .................. 18 0 0 40 Burkundauzes................ 160 0 0 For Hospital Guard- 1 Duffadar.................... 6 0 0 4 Burkundauzes................ 16 0 0 Total. Rs. 273 0 0 Bograh Jail Establishment. 1 Darogah.................... 10 0 0 1 Native Doctor................ 20 0 0 1 Duffadar.................... 6 0 0 16 Burkundauzes................ 64 0 0 Total.. Rs. 100 0 0 Dinagepore Jail Etablishment. 1 Darogah.................... 15 0 0 1 Naib do.................... 25 0 0 1 Mohurrir................... 15 0 0 1 Native Doctor................ 20 0 0 1 Jemadar.................... 10 0 0 2 Duffadars .................. 12 0 0 44 Burkundauzes .............. 176 0 0 Total.. Rs. 333 0 0 85 Maldah Jail Establishment. Rs. a. p. 1 Darogah.................... 25 0 0 1 Native Doctor............... 25 0 0 1 Blacksmith.................. 4 0 0 12 Burkundauzes................ 48 0 0 Total.. Rs. 102 0 0 Moorshedabad Jail Establishment. 1 Darogah.................... 25 0 0 1 Native Doctor............... 20 0 0 1 Jemadar.....,.............. 8 0 0 1 Duffadar.................... 6 0 0 26 Burkundauzes................ 104 0 0 Total... Rs. 163 0 0 Dacca Jail Establishmemt. 1 Darogah.................... 75 0 0 1 Naib do .................... 15 0 0 1 Native Doctor................ 25 0 0 1 Assistant do .. ............. 10 0 0 1 Mohurrir.................... 10 0 0 1 Servant ............... --- 4 0 0 1 Jemadar.................... 15 0 0 2 Naib do.................... 18 0 0 6 Duffadars .................. 36 0 0 90 Burkundauzes................ 376 0 0 Total.. Rs. 584 0 0 Fureedpore Jail Establishment. 1 Darogah ..................... 50 0 0 1 Mohurrir .................... 15 0 0 1 Jemadar .................... 8 0 0 14 Burkundauzes................. 56 0 0 Total.. Rs. 129 0 0 SG Sylhlt Jail Establishment. Rs. a. p. 1 Darogah .................... 25 0 0 1 Naib do...................... 15 0 0 2 Native Doctors................ 40 0 0 1 Jemadar .................... 7 0 0 4 Burkundauzes................ 16 0 0 Total.. Rs. 103 0 0 Mynunsing Jail Etablishment. 1 Darogah .................... 25 0 0 1 Mohurrir .................... 8 0 0 2 Native Doctors................ 45 0 0 1 Jemadar .................... ] 5 o q 3 Duffadars.................... 18 0 0 44 Burkundauzes ................ J 80 0 0 4 do .................... 16 11 0 Ground rent.................. 10 7 0 Total. . Rs. 318 2 0 Chittagong Jail Establishment. 1 Darogah .................... 45 0 0 1 Native Doctor................ 10 q q Guards...................... I93 0 0 Total.. Rs. 250 Q 0 Tipperah Jail Establishment. 1 Darogah.................... 25 0 0 2 Mohurrirs ................. ]5 q q 4 Duffadars .................. 24 0 0 40 Burkundauzes................ 16*0 q q 1 Blacksmith . v................ 5 q q Total. .Rs. 229 0 0 87 Noakhally Jail Establishment. Rs. a. p. 1 Darogah.................... 25 0 0 2 Mohurrirs .................. 15 0 0 4 Duffadars ................. 24 0 0 44 Burkundauzes .............. 176 0 0 1 Blacksmith...... 4 .. ........ 5 0 0 Tola!.. Rs. 245 0 0 Nuddeah Jail Establishment. 1 Darogah ,................... 25 0 0 1 Naib do...................... 15 0 0 1 Jemadar ................... 15 0 0 23 Burkundauzes............... 92 0 0 1 Native Doctor ................ 20 0 0 1 Compounder.................. 10 0 0 Total.. Rs. 177 0 0 —• Alipori: Jail Establishment. 1 Civil Assistant Surgeon........ 200 0 0 1 Jailor ...................... 200 0 0 2 Overseers................,.. . 100 0 0 1 Mohurrir..................... 20 0 0 2 Writers ................... 50 0 0 3 Jemadars.................... 45 0 0 8 Duffadars................. 72 0 0 65 Nujeebs.................... 320 0 0 4 Native Doctors .............. 74 0 0 2 Blacksmiths ............... 10 0 0 1 Manjee .................... 4 0 0 2 Dandees.................... 60 0 1 Accountant.................. 10 0 0 Total.. Rs. 1,111 0 0 88 Baraset Jail Establishment. Rs. a. p. 1 Darogah..................... 20 0 0 1 Compounder................ 12 0 0 1 Blacksmith.................. 3 0 0 12 Burkundauzes .............. 48 0 0 1 Jemadar.................... 10 0 0 2 Duffadars ................. 12 0 0 Total.. Rs. 105 0 0 Jessore Jail Establishment. 1 Jailor...................... 25 0 0 1 Naib ...................... 20 0 0 1 Jemadar.................... 10 0 0 6 Native Doctors .............. 150 0 0 6 Compounders................ 35 0 0 5 Duffadars .................. 30 0 0 47 Burkundauzes................ .180 0 0 1 Blacksmith.................. 6 0 0 Total.. Rs. 456 0 0 Burdwan Jail Establishment. 1 Jailor..................... 25 0 0 2 Jemadars .................. 23 0 0 1 Duffadar .................. 6 0 0 3 Burkundauzes .............. 12 2 10 2 Native Doctors ---,......... 40 0 0 1 Dresser .................... 5 0 0 Total.. Rs. Ill 2 10 89 Hooghly Jail Establishment. Rs. a. p. 1 Jailor...................... 24 0 0 2 Jemadars .................. 23 0 0 68 Burkundauzes .............. 272 0 0 Hospital Establishment........ 45 0 0 Total. . Rs. 364 0 0 Horah Jail Establishment. 1 Mohurrir.................. 11 0 0 10 Burkundauzes.............. 4-2 0 0 Total.. Rs. 53 0 0 Beerbhoom Jail Establishment. 1 Darogah.................... 25 0 0 1 Naib do .................... 15 0 0 2 Native Doctors .............. 40 0 0 4 Duffadars .................. 24 0 0 54 Burkundauzes ___.......... 216 0 0 Total.. Rs. 320 0 0 Bancoorah Jail Establishment. 1 Jailor ...................... 20 0 0 2 Native Doctors................ 40 0 0 1 Dresser .................... 5 0 0 Total.. Rs 65 0 0 Midnapoor Jail Establishment. 1 Jailor...................... 75 0 0 1 Naib do.................... 15 0 0 1 Mohurrir .................. 8 0 0 Carried over. . Rs. 98 0 0 12 I G 90 Rs. a. p. Brought over...... 98 0 0 2 Duffadars................... 12 0 0 74 Burkundauzes................ 296 0 0 2 Jemadars.................... 16 0 0 1 Native Doctor................ 20 0 0 1 Naib do.................... 10 0 0 Total.. Rs. 452 0 0 Cuttack Jail Establishment. 1 Darogah . . ................. 25 0 0 1 Mohurrir... c................ 10 0 0 1 Native Doctor................ 20 0 0 Total.. Rs. 55 0 0 Balasore Jail Establishment. 1 Darogah.................... 15 0 0 1 Native Doctor............... 20 0 0 1 Compounder................ 8 0 0 4 Burkundauzes .............. 16 0 0 Total.. Rs. 59 0 0 Pooree Jail Establishment. 1 Darogah..........,......... 15 0 0 1 Native Doctor .............. 20 0 0 1 Sweeper.................... 4 0 0 Total. . Rs. 39 0 o 91 Hazareebaugh Jail Establishment. Rs. a. p. 1 Darogah.................... 100 0 0 1 Naib do .................. 20 0 0 1 Native Doctor .............. 25 0 0 1 Compounder ................ 5 0 0 2 Duffadars .................. 12 0 0 25 Burkundauzes .............. 100 0 0 Total.. Rs. 262 0 0 LOHARDUGGA JAIL ESTABLISHMENT. 1 Darogah.................... 20 0 0 1 Duffadar....................... 6 0 0 2 Burkundauzes .............. 8 0 0 1 Blacksmith.................. 3 0 0 1 do....................... 2 8 0 Total.. Rs. 39 8 0 Manbhoom Jail Establishment. 1 Darogah.....,............... 20 0 0 1 Mohurrir.................. 15 0 0 1 Duffadar.................... 6 0 0 1 Native Doctor................ 25 0 0 25 Burkundauzes .............. 100 0 O TotaL.Rs. 166 0 0 Gowalparah Jail Establishment. 1 Darogah.................... 20 0 0 1 Native Doctor .............. 20 0 0 1 Jemadar................... 8 0 0 1 Duffadar.................... 6 0 0 1 Dresser .................... 6 0 0 20 Burkundauzes................ 80 0 0 TotaL.Rs. 140 0 0 92 Kamroop Jail Establishment. Rs. a. p. 1 Darogah.................... 25 0 0 1 Mohurrir .................. 12 0 0 1 Jemadar.................... 10 0 0 2 Duffadars .................. 16 0 0 20 Burkundauzes .............. SO 0 0 Contingencies................ 5 0 0 Hajut Jail Establishment. 1 Jemadar.................... 10 0 0 10 Burkundauzes .............. 40 0 0 1 Blacksmith.................. 6 0 0 1 Dresser for Lock-up.......... 5 0 0 TotaL.Rs. 209 0 0 Nowgong Jail Establishment. 1 Darogah................... 15 0 0 1 Mohurrir .................. 10 0 0 1 Jemadar.................... 12 0 0 1 Native Doctor .............. 20 0 0 1 Dresser .................... 10 O O 1 Duffadar.................... Q 0 0 1 Blacksmith.«................ 8 0 0 1 Carpenter .................. 8 0 0 TotaL.Rs. 89 0 0 Seebsaugor Jail Establishment. 1 Darogah.................... 23 0 0 1 Jemadar.................... 12 0 0 1 Duffadar .................. g 0 0 4 Burkundauzes .............. 16 o o 1 Native Doctor................ 25 0 0 1 Dresser.................... 10 0 O TotaL.Rs. 92 0 0 93 Durrung Jail Establishment. Rs. a. p. 1 Darogah..................., 30 0 0 1 Native Doctor................ 20 0 0 1 Dresser .................... 10 0 0 1 Jemadar ..............* .. . 10 0 0 2 Duffadars.................. 12 0 0 32 Burkundauzes ___, ......... 128 0 0 Mungulpore Lock-up. 1 Native Doctor ............... 25 0 0 1 Dresser .................... 5 0 0 TotaL.Rs. 240 0 0 Debrooghur Jail Establishment. 1 Darogah.................... 20 0 0 1 Jemadar................... 10 0 0 4 Burkundauzes .............. 16 0 0 2 Aritisans . ................... 13 0 0 1 Native Doctor................ 25 0 0 1 Dresser .................... 5 0 0 Luckimpore. 1 Duffadar .................. 6 0 O 1 Burkundauze................ 4 0 0 1 Native Doctor................ 20 0 0 1 Dresser .................... 5 0 0 TotaL.Rs. 124 0 0 Cossiah Hills Jail Establishment. I Darogah.................... 20 0 0 1 Duffadar.................... 8 0 0 6 Burkundauzes .............. 30 0 0 1 Native Doctor............... 15 0 0 TotaL.Rs. 73 0 0 94 Cachar Jail Establishment. Rs. a. p. 1 Darogah___.......• ....--- 15 0 0 1 Blacksmith.................. 10 0 0 2 Mates...................... 5 0 0 I Native Doctor .............. 20 0 0 TotaL.Rs. 50 0 0 Darjeeling Jail Establishment. 1 Duffadar.................... 7 0 0 8 Burkundauzes .............. 40 0 0 Jail Guard. \ Duffadar .................... 10 0 0 6 Burkundauzes .............. 36 0 0 TotaL.Rs. 93 0 0 B. The following List shows the Strength and Cost of the New Civil Police Constabulary attached to the Jails named below. In the other Jails the system has not yet come into operation :— Beerbhoom Jail New Police Guards Rs. a. p. 1 Sub-Inspector 2nd grade, includ- ing House allowance Rs. 10 . . 40 0 0 1 Head Constable 1st grade...... 14 0 0 1 do. do. 2nd do....... 12 0 0 10 Constables 1st grade.......... 70 0 0 10 do. 2nd do.........„ „. . 60 0 0 Contingencies at 10 per-cent. ... 20 0 0 TotaL.Rs. 216 0 0 95 Hazareebaugh Jail New Police Guards. Rs a. p. 1 Head Constable 1st grade...... 14 0 0 1 do. do. 2nd do........ 12 0 0 25 Constables 1st do........ 175 0 0 25 do. 2nd do........ 150 0 0 Contingencies at 10 per-cent. ... 36 0 0 TotaL.Rs. 387 0 0 Lohardugga Jail New Police Guards. 1 Sub-Inspector 2nd grade, includ- ing House allowance Rs. 10. . 40 0 0 4 Head Constables 2nd do---.... 48 0 0 24 Constables 1st do........ 168 0 0 24 do. 2nd do........ 144 0 0 Contingencies at 10 per-cent. ... 40 0 0 TotaL.Rs.' 440 0 0 Maunbhoom Jail New Police Guards. 1 Sub-Inspector 4th grade, includ- ing House allowance Rs. 10 . . 26 0 0 2 Head Constables 2nd do...... 24 0 0 2 do. do. 4th do ,..... 18 0 0 20 Constables 1st do...... 140 0 0 20 do. 2nd do....... 120 0 0 Contingencies at 10 per-cent--- 33 0 0 Total. .Rs. 361 0^0 Singbhoom Jail New Police Guards. 1 Sub-Inspector 4th grade, includ- ing House allowance Rs. 10.. 26 0 0 1 Head Constable 3rd do...... 10 0 0 Carried over. . Rs. 36 0 0 96 Rs. a. p. Brought over...... 36 0 0 1 Constable 1st grade .......... 7 0 0 15 do. 2nd do....... 90' 0 0 Contingencies at 10 per-cent. ... 14 0 0 TotaL.Rs. 147 0 0 Gowalparah Jail New Police Guards. 1 Head Constable 2nd grade ___ 12 0 0 20 Constables 2nd do....... 120 0 0 Contingencies at 10 per-cent .... 13 O 0 Total. Rs. 145 0 0 Kamroop Jail New Police Guards. 1 Head Constable 1st grade .... 14 0 0 4 do. do. 2nd do....... 48 0 0 8 Constables 1st do....... 56 0 0 41 do. 2nd do....... 364 0 0 Contingencies at 10 per-cent . . 37 0 0 TotaL.Rs 519 0 0 Nowgong Jail New Police Guards. 1 Head Constable 2nd grade .... 12 0 0 14 Constables 1st do....... 98 0 0 Contingencies at 10 per-cent.... 11 0 0 TotaL.Rs. 121 O 0 Seebsaugor Jail New Police Guards. 1 Head Constable 2nd grade .... 12 0 0 26 Constables 2nd do....... 156 0 0 Contingencies at 10 per-cent.... 17 00 TotaL.Rs. 185 0 0 97 Durrung Jail New Police Guards. Rs. a. p. 1 Head Constable 2nd grade .... 12 0 0 20 Constables 2nd do..... 120 0 0 Contingencies at 10 per-cent___ 13 0 0 Total. Rs. 145 0 0 Debrooghur Jail New Police Guards. 2 Head Contables 2nd grade___ 24 0 0 17 Constables 2nd do..... 102 0 0 Contingencies at 10 per-cent.... 13 0 0 TotaL.Rs. 139 0 0 Cossiah Hills Jail New Police Guards. 1 Head Constable 2nd grade 14 Constables 2nd do. . 14 0 0 84 0 0 Contingencies at 10 per-cent.... 10 0 0 TotaL.Rs. 108 0 0 Patna Jail New Police Guards. 1 Sub-Inspector 1st grade, includ- ing House allowance Rs. 10 1 do. do. 2nd do. do 1 Head Constable 1st grade .. 1 do. do. 2nd do 2 do. do. 3rd do 1 do. do. 4th do 20 Constables 1st grade .... 75 do. 2nd do..... Contingencies at 10 per-cent 50 0 0 40 0 0 14 0 0 12 0 0 20 0 0 9 0 0 140 0 0 450 0 0 75 0 0 TotaL.Rs. 810 0 0 13 1 G 98 26 0 0 18 0 0 180 0 0 23 0 0 Sarun Jail New Police Guards. Rs. a. 1 Sub-Inspector 4th grade, includ- ing House allowance Rs. 10 2 Head Constables 4 th grade . 3 Constables 2nd do. .. Contingencies at 10 per-cent. . TotaL.Rs. 247 0 0 Behar Jail New Police Guards. 1 Sub-Inspector 4th grade, includ- ing House allowance Rs. 10 . . 26 0 0 3 Head Constables 4th grade--- 27 0 0 52 Constables 2nd do..... 312 0 0 Contingencies at 10 per-cent . . 37 0.0 TotaL.Rs. 402 0 0 Shahabad Jail New Police Guards. 1 Head Constable ............ 14 ] do. do. 3rd grade.... 10 1 Constable 1st grade.......... 7 24 do. do. ........ 168 Contingencies at 10 per-cent. . 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TotaL.Rs. 219 0 0 Chumparun Jail New Police Guards. 1 Sub-Inspector 3rd grade, includ- ing House allowance Rs. 10 . . 30 0 0 1 Head Constable 2nd grade .... 12 0 0 1 do. do. 4th do....... 9 0 0 16 Constables 1st do....... 112 0 0 Contingencies at 10 per-cent ...« 16 0 0 Total.. 179 0 0 99 Tirhoot Jail New Police Guards. Rs. a. p. 1 Sub-Inspector 4th grade, includ- ing House allowance Rs. 10 .. 26 0 0 1 Head Constable 3rd grade--- 10 0 0 34 Constables 2nd do..... 204 0 0 Contingencies at 10 per-cent.... 24 0 0 TotaL.Rs. 264 0 0 0 Bhaugulpore Jail New Police Guards. 1 Sub-Inspector 4th grade ...... 26 0 1 Head Constable 1st do......... 14 0 0 18 Constables 1st do......... 126 0 0 16 do. 2nd do......... 96 0 0 Contingencies at 10 per-cent .... 26 0 0 TotaL.Rs. 288 0 0 Monghyr Jail New Police Guards. 2 Head Constables 1st grade...... 28 0 0 28 Constables 2nd do....... 168 0 0 Contingencies at 10 per-cent--- 20 O 0 TotaL.Rs 216 0 0 Purneah Jail New Police Guards. 1 Sub.Inspector 4th grade, includ- ing House allowance Rs. 10 .. 26 0 0 1 Head Constable 4 th grade...... 9 0 0 42 Constables 1st do........ 294 0 0 Contingencies at 10 per-cent. ... 33 0 0 -------r-j--- TotaL.Rs 362 0 0 100 Burdwan Jatl New Police Guards. Rs. a. p. 1 Sub-Inspector 4th grade .... 13 0 0 1 Head Constable 3rd do........ 10 0 0 I do. 4th do ,..... 9 0 0 9 Constables 1st, do........ 63 0 0 19 do. 2nd do........ 114 4 0 Contingencies at 10 per-cent. ... 21 0 0 TotaL.Rs. 230 0 O Bancoorah Jail New Police Guards. 1 Head Constable 4th grade...... 9 0 0 16 Constables.................. 96 0 0 Contingencies at 10 per-cent,... 11 0 0 TotaL.Rs. 116 0 0 The foregoing are the fixed Establishments. Besides these there are extra Burkundauze Establishments, but their numbers fluctuate, depending on the number of prisoners for whose guard and superintend- ence they are required in the proportions of one Burkundauze to 15 prisoners within jail and one to five out of jail They are chiefly employed to guard and superintend prisoners employed in the Manufacturing Departments, in jails where the Khilliburdarree system is not at all or only partially in practice ; in theroom of the regularfixed guards when they are sent away in charge of prisoners proceeding from one jail to another under sentence of banishment, under orders of transfer or for release, &c. They are paid at the rate of Rs. 4 per memem. Their total cost in 1861-62 amounted to Rs. 29,260. (True copies) C. G. WIEHE, M.D., Inspector-General of Prisons, DIET SCALE No. 1. For Bengalees, Ooryas, and Assamese. Non-Labouring Prisoners. Morning Meal. Evening Meal. 71 a> ,£5 60 CD o "3 to 3 03 o a) u S 13 M P WD r" o Is CO to O H c. a Cks. C. c. c. C. c. c. c. c. c. c. c. C. c. 4 1 1 2 JL i JL 6,1 5 5 2 1 1 2 X X i 8J 8i 15 15 4 0 6 X 6 6 X 6 6. X 6 6£ 6 JL 6 6 X 6 6 6 Labouring Prisoners. Morning Meal. Evening Meal. • ^3 en 13 3 J2 3 13 -** o H o 13 ft o GO a w 13 O fat O o 13 on OS u> GO 13 o t3 S3 rt Si 4 2 0 2 X 1 X 61 6J 6 6 0 2 2 2 2 0 X X X 101 I0§ 17 17 4 0 6 1 6 6 X 6 6 X 6 6 X 6 6 X 6 6 X 6 On Sundays all Classes will have the Non-labouring Rations of Monday. DIET SCALE No. 2. For all Natives of Behar, the North-Western Provinces and the Punjaub. Non-Labouring Prisoners. Morning Meal. Evening Meal. ^3 03 3 F33 03 £ Is 13 "o H . ^3 03 13 P -4-» CD 60 "6 13 CO CO 3 "3 O Eh 03 1; P 03 60 03 > o co £ o 13 CO CO CO 3 r5 13 o Cks. c. c. c. C. C. c. c. c. c. c. c. C. c. c. c. 4 0 9 X X i 6* 5 9 1 0 X X X 8i l^s 4 2 0 6 X 6 6 X 6 6 1 6 61 5 1 2 0 6 X 6 6 X 6 6 X 6 °2 15 Labouring Prisoners. Morning Meal. Evening Meal. CO 03 03 3 CO a> £ on 13 13 o H 03 rO _: CO ,_• ^ o aj ^j 13 03 < 03 -a P O 13 CO CO 3 o 03 r£3 P 60 03 > CO £ o Is CO 3 03 o Eh c3 6 5 1 X 6 X 6 X & 61 6 0 2 2 X 6 X 6 X 101 17 5 1 1 6 X 6 1 6 61 6 2 2 0 X 6 X 6 X 6 101 17 On Sundays all classes will have the Non-labouring Rations of Monday. DIET SCALE No. 3. For Coles, Sonthals, Garrows, all tribes of Hillmen and Jungly Prisoners generally. N on-Labouring Prisoners. . Morning Meal. Evening , Meal. 03 3 CO oJ 3 CO 03 £ CO p3 03 13 o Eh 03 03 u -1-2 03 O CD 03 s 60 13 > o 13 CO CO CO 3 13 o Eh 03 03 60 03 > -3 CO £ o 13 CO 3 o Eh 3 ci O Cks. c. c. C. c. c. c. c. C. c. C. c. c. c. 4 9 X X X fij 6 0 9 X X X 8i 81 15 4 2 X 6 6 X 6 6 X 6 w2 61 5 3 0 6 X 6 X X 15 6 Labouring Prisoners. Morning Meal. Evening Meal. JS 13 03 GO 13 03* 72 03 £ CO .3 ca o Eh 03 03 3 03 60 03 o 13 CO 13 CO CO 3 13 +■> o 0) o 5 03 03 60 03 > o £ o CO C3 CO 3 13 o 4 2 i X X fi* n 9 9 X X X 101 101 17 4 2 0 X 6 6 1 6 6 X 6 61 6 3 I X 6 X 6 X 6 17 On Sundays all will have the Non-labouring Rations of Monday. / DIET SCALE No. 4. For Mughs and Chinamen. Non-Labourtng Prisoners. Morning Meal. Monday Tuesday rt Cks. 5 5 C. 1 1 es c. c. x 6 C. 6iM Evening Meal. C. 6 6 Ph C. x o c. i c 8A a c. 15f, Labouring Prisoners. Morning Meal. Evening Meal. CO 03 CO oJ OJ 3 03 13 3 Eh 03 13 O Eh « cS 03 03 s 5 03 60 03 > a. o3 o O 03 CO 03 CO CO 3 13 o Eh 03 03 5 03 60 03 O £ a. 03 «-. 0 O 1 3 m CO 3 'oS CO 13 Eh T2 3 03 Si a 1 * i X x 67^ 7 1 2 1 6 X 6 X lOfr 17-r3- 5 1 X 6 X 6 6-J- 7 2 1 3 X 6 101V 17- = On Sundays all will receive Non-labouring Rations. (True copy) C. G. WIEHE, M.D., Inspector-General of Prisoners, -J Oi Cn ^ CO to i—■ O CO PC M Oi Cn 4i. CO tO t-i p e p e g-^ - ^ =f = g.3 3^-a jq o 3--a o o o ci p - 9 3- 3 p 3 *o o o c o"*£:e— S c tr^ 5^ ci V « m —r k i; o jq 05 p C a. "h p p c B P 3 " » t O OP p O o o 3 Number. - m tO ^ m m N3 CO to CO •-• bO h- »-» OlO^^C^O) O.^J CO — OCOCOtOCOtOCn OOtoa^CO^tOCCOOn*.^vi,^v]OCO o cno^cnoiCnocjtOioiOiCTiaiOiOi ooooooooooooooo Daily Average Number of Prisoners. Superintendents Civil Surgeons. to* tOJOtOtOtOtONDJOOtOtOJOtOtOtO Cn • C^CnC7i(^OiOiOiCnOiC7iCnO-J-'OOiOif— t5 i—'OMOOOO Total Monthly Pay. 901 106 ■fad •sjapunodraoQ XOOiuO^OOH'fHiCO rrOO>0'rt,COCDCO'*0',*t>CC —. CM <—' CO r-i i-h —i 0 (NOJCNCN^HCMr-.CslCNjCMCM •suj)iras5[OBig CO CO CO 00 CO iO CO CO CO •s^a>iu.miii ►O if5 iO •JiJinqojyf q}£ •ji.unqoj\[ pjg •juinqoj\[ pug [> 00 00 O Jt.unqoj\[ pB3jj OOOCQOOOO •q^SoJBQ qrej^ iO • i-O • CM OJ (N CN suoaSang Jiatq s^uapuajuuadng ooooo oooo "SJ9U0SIJ^ jo aaqum^j 82BJ3AY ipBQ i—i—iCOT^OOiOt-OOTfCOCOCO NiMOihWWOOihlOiOIMN CO MO OO (N rH _ ,_ ,_ (^ o o X g o O- *3 Oh :r? ^ '5 o 5-3 o £ £ «U 03 03 .2= a s 3 O o O Q, 03 111 SO o r^ o >-* o Tl £j ►—1 =3 OT p 0) re OT o i—i O O 3 »-d CO o o co o o to o o Number. w P> bd O Jp P 1—1 J° ^1 O i— to — Daily Average Number of Prisoners. o o o o Superintendent, specially selected .Medical Offi- 1 Head Jailor. 1 Assist. Jailor. 1 Chief Turnkey. 1 Assist, do. 3 Waiders, at Rs. 50 each. I Darogah. 1 Naib do. to — o to o to o 6 Head Turnkeys, at Rs. 10 each. 30 Warders, at Rs. 8 each. 4^ O o . o o o o o o 00 ^.1 Cft 00 ^» ^1 00 o> CO CO CO Co oo o to to to to to 1 Mohurrir. 2nd do. 3rd do. 4th do. 1 English Writer. 2nd do. 1 Hi ndee Teacher. 1 Blacksmith. 1 Carpenter. 1 Native Doctor. 2 do. at Rs. 20 each. Compounder. Total Monthly Pa: -601 108 Statement showing the Present Contingent Guards of all the Jails in the North-West Provinces. Deyrah Dhoon Seharunpoor .. Moozuffernuggur Boolundshuhr .. Allygurh .. . Bijnour ..; Mooradabad Budaon ... Shabjehanpoor Muttra..... Etawah ... Mynpoory . Etah....... Futtygurh . Cawnpoor . Futtehpoor . Bandah .. . Mirzapoor . Ghazeepoor . Azimgurh... Goruckpoor . Juanpoor ... Almorah ... Humeerpoor Ooraie..... Jhansee .. . Lullutpoor . Ajmere..... Beawar .. . Total, Central Prisons. Meerut.. . Bareilly . Agra Allahabad Benares . cS ^Zt §tf Q3 7 6 15 6 7 5* pq v 4 6 6 5 7 7 7 7 7 4 7 7 5 12 5 2 5 7 18 7 15 4 7 4 4 81 102 99 198 110 5^ 20 37 37 32 42 42 42 42 42 20 42 42 25 77 32 10 32 42 112 44 99 20 42 20 20 47 37 481 501 613 904 608 j Not yet sanc- ( tioned. (True copy) C. G. WIEHE, M.D., Inspector-General of Prisons. 109 F. Statement showing the Strength and Cost of Police Guards _____employed in the Jails of the North-West Provinces. Strength. Cm pi . O rn O J£ Is a o in t 9 «> o O ■» ,---1 tf! 1-3 § s "c8 O d o 2 12 14 95 2 21 24 169 3 16 20 151 16 109 4 130 938 2 20 23 158 3 25 29 210 1 20 22 148 3 30 34 243 6 100 4 111 779 1 16 18 126 2 24 27 182 2 17 20 140 12 100 5 119 908 2 19 22 152 3 24 28 190 2 19 22 152 3 27 31 225 2 16 19 139 2 16 19 134 11 126 6 155 1,264 3 15 19 136 3 32 36 255 8 90 4 103 742 5 50 56 391 2 32 35 245 5 50 56 389 3 24 28 207 2 12 14 78- 1 18 20 136 1 16 18 124 2 20 23 158 1 16 18 124 d o U CJ r, , -O CO -a w U 1 2 3 M oozuflernuggur 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Shahjehanpoor . 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 ____________Total................ '* Old Jail Nujeeb Guard. t Not yet sanctioned. (True copy) C. G. WIEHE, M.D., Inspector-General of Prisons. 110 G DIETARY SCALE. f Wheat f. ] Attah.< 2nd Quality. ) [Barley * J * (Bajree).....-. (Juar)........ (Mukka)...... Dall.............. Gram.............. •f Vegetables........ Oil (Mustard)...... Firewood .......... Chillies............ Salt .............. Labouring. 10 Chittacks. 12 do. r. 12 do. .. 12 do. .. 2 do. 2 do. 4 do. 1 do. 6 do. No. 1. 100 Grains. Non-Labouring. 8 Chittacks, 8 do...... 8 do....., 8 do...... 2 do...... 4 do...... I do...... 6 do...... No. 1. 100 Grains. Sundays and Mondays- Tuesdays and Wednesdays. I Thursdays, Fridays, and ] Saturdays. Daily, except when vegeta- bles are given. Daily. Sundays, Tuesdays, and Fridays in lieu of Dall. To every twenty men when vegetables are given. Good dry fuel, twigs not to be used. Or more. be substituted, * Where Bajree is not procurable and Rice plentiful, 8 Chittaoks of the latter may or bread composed of one-half Wheat flour and one-half Gram flour may take its place t The quantity of Vegetables and Chillies may be increased at the discretion of the Medical Officer in charge. From the 1st May to the 31st September the usual allowance of Dall should be given on Tuesdays in excess of the above scale. (True copy) C. G. WIEHE, M.D., Inspector-General of Prisons. Ill H. Memorandum of Proposed Fixed Establishment for the Lucknow Central Jail. Rs. 1 Jailor............................ 150 1 Darogah.......................... 60 1 Mohurrir........................... 20 1 do......................... 15 1 Jemadar.......................... 12 2 do. ........................ 12 1 Duffadar.......................... 8 2 do........................ 8 1 Head Turnkey.................... 7 6 Turnkeys at Rs. 6 each.............. 36 I Blacksmith........,............... 8 1 English Writer ......3............. 40 Hospital Establishment. 1 Native Doctor .................... 25 1 do. do....................... 20 1 Compounder...................... 8 1 Dresser .*-*, ...................... 6 SCHEDULE No. I. Proposed Fixed Establishment for a Divisonal Jail containing about 1,000 Prisoners. Rs. 1 Native Jailor or Darogah............ 60 1 Mohurrir ,..,.................... 15 1 do......................... 10 1 Jemadar.......................... 12 1 Duffadar.......................... 8 2 Turnkeys at Rs. 7 each.............. 14 3 do. at Rs. 6 „ .............. 18 1 Blacksmith........................ 6 112 Hospital Establishment. Rs. 1 Native Doctor...................... 25 1 Compounder...................... 8 1 Dresser ^........................ 6 SCHEDULE No. II. Proposed Establishment for a District Howalat Jail containing from 100 to 150 Prisoners. Rs. 1 Native Jailor...................... 25 1 Mohurrir........................ 10 1 Jemadar.......................... 10 1 Duffadar.......................... 8 2 Turnkeys at Rs. 6 each.............. 19. 1 Blacksmith..............M........ 6 Hospital Establishment. 1 Native Doctor...................... 25 1 Dresser ......................... 6 (True copy) C. G. WIEHE, M.D., Inspector-General of Prisons. 113 No. 135 of 1865. Judicial Department. Bombay Castle, 11th January 1865. Resolution.—In reviewing the general report on the Prisons of the Bombay Presidency for the year 1861, the ^Honourable the Governor in Council remarked that many of the questions discussed by the Inspector-General of Prisons had been thoroughly investigated by the Inspectors-General in other Presidencies, especially by Dr. Mouat in Bengal, Dr. Hathaway in the Punjaub, and Mr. Woodcock in the North-Western Provinces. It appeared to His Excellency in Council that these officers would probably be able to communicate the results of their great and varied experience, and Dr. Wiehe was accordingly-directed to visit the principal Jails in the other Presiden- cies, and to confer personally with the Inspectors-General on the several important questions connected with the regulation and management of Jails which are still under discussion in this Presidency, but which it was believed had been successfully solved elsewhere. 2, Dr. Wiehe was instructed to visit first a few of the Madras Jails, and then to go to Calcutta and examine the Alipore Jail and some of the larger or more remarkable Zilla Jails, the Jails at Allahabad, Lucknow, Agra, Meerut, Lahore, and any others which might present peculiar features in their great size or good management. He was requested to keep a journal of his observations, and also to add in a separate form a general conspectus of his remarks and conclusions as applicable to Jail management in this Presidency, 15 IG 114 3. This journal and conspectus have been duly submitted by Dr. Wiehe, and are now before the Honourable the Governor in Coun- cil, by whom they have been read with great interest. Much valuable information has been collected by Dr. Wiehe, and this will no doubt be of use in showing in what directions a reform of our prison man- agement can be attempted with a prospect of success, and Government will await the report whicli the Inspector-General of Prisons will of course submit at an early period, suggesting reforms in the Jails of this Presidency, founded on the information he has acquired else- where. 4. Towards the close of his journal Dr. Wiehe draws attention to the smallness of his salary as compared with the salaries of Inspec- tors-General of Prisons in other parts of India. The Honourable the Governor in Council has already brought this subject to the notice of the Government of India, and the decision of the Supreme Govern- ment and of Her Majesty' s Secretary of State on the subject have been communicated to Dr. Wiehe. 5. The thanks of the Honourable the Governor in Council are due to the officers named in paragraph 91 of the Appendix to this report for the ready assistance they afforded to Dr. Wiehe, and the valuable information they placed at his disposal. The Governments under which these officers are respectively employed should be requested to express to them the acknowledgments of the Governor in Council for the manner in which they helped to further the objects for which Dr. Wiehe was directed to undertake his tour. 6. Copies of these papers should be forwarded to the Political Resident at Aden and to all officers in charge of Jails; also to the Public Works Department, the Commissioner in Sind, the Police Commissioners, and the Military Department, to the Educational Department with reference to paragraph 42 of the conspectus, and to the Principal Inspector-General Medical Department, and to the Military Department for communication to the President of the Sanitary Commission with reference to the conservancy of Jails. 115 Copies should also be placed on the Editors' Table, and should be printed and published with this Resolution in the next Volume of Selections from the Records of Government in the Judicial Depart- ment. H. BIRDWOOD, Under-Secretary to Government- To the Inspector-General of Prisons. Commissioner in Sind. Commissioner of Police N. D. Commissioner of Police S. D. Military Department. Public Works Department. Political Department. Educational Department, Session Judges. 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