INCOMPATIBILITIES 
IN 
PRESCRIPTIONS. 
FOR 
STUDENTS IN PHARMACY AND MEDICINE 
AND PRACTICING PHARMACISTS 
AND PHYSICIANS. 
BY 
EDSEL A. RUDD I MAN, Ph.M., M.D., 
Adjunct Professor of Pharmacy and Materia Medica in 
Vanderbilt University. 
FIRST EDITION. 
FIRST THOUSAND. 
NEW YORK 
JOHN WILEY & SONS. 
London : CHAPMAN & HALL, Limited 
1897. Copyright, 1897, 
BY 
E. A. RUDDIMAN. 
ROBERT DRUMMOND. ELECTROTYPER AND PRINTER NEW YORK. PREFACE. 
The busy prescriptionist is frequently at a loss to know 
what takes place in the prescription he is filling, and does not 
have the time nor books necessary to look up the change which 
he has noticed. The object of the first part of this book is 
to present to him in a convenient and condensed form the 
more common incompatibilities. The substances treated of 
are arranged in alphabetical order of their Latin names, 
except in case of some of the newer remedies. In order to 
avoid repetition all the incompatibilities of each substance 
are not always given under that heading. For instance, the 
reaction between two substances may be found under the 
heading of one of the substances and not under the other. 
The second object of the writer is to furnish the student 
of pharmacy with a list of incompatible prescriptions in such 
form that he may find out for himself what the trouble is, 
and the best means of avoiding or overcoming it. It is 
suggested that he study the prescription thoroughly before 
referring to the notes. 
Acknowledgment is hereby made of assistance received 
from all of the books and journals mentioned in the list of 
abbreviations of references. 
Edsel A. Ruddiman. 
Nashville, June, 1897. ABBREVIATIONS OF REFERENCES. 
Allen : 
Am. D. : 
A. J. A. : 
A. P. A. : 
Caspar!: 
Coblentz : 
D. C. : 
Extra Pharm. 
M. & M. : 
M. M. R. : 
Nat. Drug. : 
N. D. : 
N. E. D. : 
Ph. E. : 
P. D. : 
P. & J. : 
Prescott : 
Richter : 
Sayre; 
Scoville : 
Sohn : 
Squire : 
Storer ; 
U. S. D. : 
U. S. P. : 
W. D. : 
Allen’s Commercial Organic Analysis, 2d ed. 
American Druggist. 
American Journal of Pharmacy. 
Proceedings of the American Pharmaceutical Association. 
Caspari’s Treatise on Pharmacy. 
Coblentz’s New Remedies. 
Druggists’ Circular. 
The Extra Pharmacopoeia, by Martindale and Westcott, 7th ed, 
Muir and Morley’s edition of Watts’ Dictionary. 
Merck’s Market Reports. 
National Druggist. 
National Dispensatory, 5th ed. 
New England Druggist. 
Pharmaceutical Era. 
Thompson’s Practical Dispensing. 
Prescott and Johnson’s Qualitative Chemical Analysis. 
Prescott’s Organic Analysis. 
Richter’s Organic Chemistry. 
Sayre’s Organic Materia Medica. 
Scoville’s Art of Dispensing. 
Sohn’s Dictionary of Active Principles of Plants. 
Squire’s Companion to the British Pharmacopoeia, 16th ed. 
Storer’s Dictionary of Solubilities. 
United States Dispensatory. 
United States Pharmacopoeia. 
Western Druggist. PART I 
INCOMP A T/BILI TIES. 
Acacia.— I. An aqueous solution of acacia is gelatinized 
or precipitated by a solution of a ferric salt (not if there is 
quite a large excess of free acid present or if the iron solution 
is well diluted with water); by borax (not if a sufficient 
amount of syrup or glycerin is present); by lead subacetate 
(not by neutral lead acetate); by a silicate of potassium or 
sodium; by a concentrated solution of ammonium oxalate; 
by a concentrated solution of mercuric chloride; and by 
alcohol, when the mixture contains over sixty per cent of 
alcohol. 2. The mucilage is colored blue by the tincture of 
guaiac. (U. S. D., 670.) 3. Acacia heated with nitric acid 
yields mucic, saccharic, oxalic, and tartaric acids. (M. & M.r 
I, 296.) 4. Strong sulphuric acid converts a strong solution 
of gum into metagummic acid in a few hours. Dilute sul- 
phuric acid converts it into a sugar. (M. & M., 1. 296.) 
5. Pepsin, in a dilute hydrochloric acid solution, changes acacia 
into arabinose. (M. & M., I. 296.) 6. In the presence of 
gum arabic, dilute solutions of salts of mercury, lead, copper, 
silver, iron, arsenic, etc., do not give precipitates with sul- 
phuretted hydrogen or alkaline sidphides. Solutions of alka- 
loidal salts are not precipitated by sodium phosphomolybdate, 
by potassium mercuric iodide, or by tannic acid in the presence 
of acacia. (Allen, I. 353.) These are properties common to 
many gums. (M. & M., I. 296.) 7. Acacia prevents the 
precipitation of some of the metallic salts by alkali hydrates. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
2 
Acetamide. —I. Acetamide unites directly with hydro- 
chloric ox nitric acid. (M. & M., I. 5.) With acids it forms 
unstable compounds. (Richter, 259.) 2. Boiled with alkalies 
or acids it is decomposed, forming acetic acid and ammonia. 
(Richter, 259.) 3. Acetamide gives a liquid or soft mass 
when triturated with bromal hydrate, butyl chloral hydrate, 
carbolic acid, chloral alcoholate, chloral hydrate, lead acetate, 
pyrocatechin, pyrogallol, resorcin, sodium phosphate, thymol, 
or urethane. With antipyrin it forms a damp powder that 
dries quickly. 
Aceta. [See under Acidum Aceticum.] 
Acetanilidum.—1. With nitrous ether, amyl nitrite, or 
nitro7is acid, acetanilid gives a yellow solution, becoming 
red. The coloration is rather slow with a fresh spirit of 
nitrous ether. Probably diazo-compounds are formed. 
(Eccles, D. C., XXXVIII. 38.) 2. With iodine or bromine it 
forms compounds which are insoluble in water, but soluble in 
alcohol. (Moerk, M. M. R., IV. 359.) 3. A cold aqueous 
solution with ferric chloride gives no increase of color, but, if 
hot, it assumes a deep red color. (Squire, 4.) 4. With a 
strong solution of potassa or soda, acetanilid is decomposed 
slowly, forming anilin. (U. S. D. 10.) 5. In a dilute hydro- 
chloric acid solution with dilute chlorine water, it gives a 
yellow color, becoming green. (N. E. D., 1894, 135,) 6. The 
alkali iodides or bromides, in aqueous solution with acetanilid, 
form insoluble compounds. (Coblentz, 2d ed., p. 1.) 7. A 
liquid or a soft mass is formed when acetanilid is triturated 
dry with chloral alcoholate, chloral hydrate, carbolic acid, pyro- 
catechin, resorcin, or thymol. Rubbed with antipyrin it is 
said to form a soft mass (M. M. R., iv. 359), but, from the 
experience of the writer, such is not the case. 
Acetates. [See under Acidum Aceticum.] 
Acida. —l. Acids combine with metallic oxides and hy- 
drates, with some metals, and with alkaloids to form salts. 
2. They precipitate bismuth citrate from solutions of bismuth INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS 
3 
and ammonium citrate by combining with the ammonium. 
3. They precipitate potassium bitartrate from solutions of 
Rochelle salt or 7iormalpotassium tartrate. 4. Strong mineral 
acids precipitate, from concentrated aqueous solutions of 
borates, salicylates, benzoates, or silicates, the free boric, sali- 
cylic, benzoic, or silicic acid. 5. Strong mineral acids form 
esters and ethers with alcohol. Many organic acids, in the 
presence of certain mineral acids, as sulphuric or hydrochloric, 
form esters with alcohol. 6. Nearly all acids, except hydro- 
cyanic and hydrosulphuric acids, decompose carbonates, liber- 
ating carbon dioxide. 7. Acids diminish or prevent the 
action of pancreatin. 8. Organic acids, excepting acetic 
acid, generally form compounds with the heavy metallic salts 
which are insoluble in water. 
The following official preparations contain a free acid: 
the vinegars of opium and squills; the fluid extracts of 
conium, ergot, nux vomica, and sanguinaria; glycerite of 
tannic acid; infusion of cinchona; lemon-juice, solutions 
of arsenous acid, ammonium acetate, chloride of iron, iron 
and ammonium acetate, nitrate of iron, subsulphate of iron, 
tersulphate of iron, and nitrate of mercury; oleates of mer- 
cury, veratrine, and zinc; spirit of nitrous ether, usually; 
syrups of citric acid, hydriodic acid, garlic, calcium lacto- 
phosphate, hypophosphites, ipecac, iron quinine and strych- 
nine phosphates, and squills; tinctures chloride of iron, and 
sanguinaria; ointment of tannic acid and usually ointment of 
mercury nitrate. 
Acidum Aceticum. [See Acida.]—1. Acetic acid decom- 
poses nearly all carbonates, forming acetates and liberating 
carbon dioxide. 2. It forms with chlorine chloracetic acids, 
slowly in diffused light, more quickly in sunlight. 3. Soluble 
acetates and also free acetic acid, with solutions of ferric salts, 
give a deep red color, due to the formation of ferric acetate; 
this on heating precipitates as the basic ferric acetate. 4. 
They precipitate solutions of quinine salts as quinine acetate. 4 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
5. With a mixture of alcohol and sulphuric acid they form ethyl 
acetate. 6. The stronger mineral acids transpose acetates, 
liberating acetic acid. 7. Some acetates on being exposed 
to the air lose acetic acid and absorb carbon dioxide, thus 
becoming partially insoluble. 8. Nearly all normal acetates 
are soluble in water, except quinine, silver, and mercurous, 
the two latter being sparingly soluble. The acetates, except 
silver and mercurous, are generally soluble in alcohol. 
Acidum Arsenicum. 1. Soluble arsenates precipitate 
from neutral solutions of salts of barium, calcium, lead, 
silver, mercury, antimony, copper, iron, aluminum, chromium, 
and zinc the arsenates of these metals. The presence of 
ammonium salts sometimes prevents this precipitation. (P. 
& J., 124,) 2. In acid solution arsenates are reduced to 
arsenites by oxalic acid, hypophosphites, hydrogen sulphide, 
sulphites, and iodides, forming, respectively, carbon dioxide, 
phosphoric acid, sulphur, sulphuric acid, and iodine. 3. The 
arsenates of the alkali metals are soluble in water. The di- 
and tri-metallic salts of the other metals are insoluble in 
water, but soluble in the presence of most mineral acids. 
The arsenates are generally insoluble in alcohol. 
Acidum Arsenosum. [See Acida.]—1. Arsenous acid 
combines with the alkali hydrates and carbonates to form 
salts. 2. The soluble arsenites precipitate neutral solutions 
of nearly all metallic salts except those of the alkalies. 
3. Ferric hydrate or a solution of dialyzed iron gives with 
arsenites a precipitate of basic ferric arsenite. 4. Arsenous 
compounds are oxidized to arsenic compounds by nitric acid, 
chlorine, chloric acid, bromine, bromic acid, iodine in alkaline 
mixtures, iodic acid, silver salts in alkaline mixtures, mercu- 
rous or mercuric compounds in alkaline mixtures, ferric com- 
pounds in alkaline mixtures, permanangates, and chromates. 
5. Arsenous compounds are reduced to metallic arsenic 
by hypophosphorus acid or hypophosphites in acid solution. 
6. Arsenites of potassium, sodium, and ammonium are sol- INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
5 
üble in water; barium and strontium are sparingly soluble; 
the other metallic arsenites are insoluble. They are gen- 
erally dissolved and decomposed by dilute mineral acids. 7. 
The insoluble arsenites are transposed by dilute acids. 
Acidum Benzoicum. [See Aciua.]—1. Hydrogen diox- 
ide with sulphuric acid changes benzoic acid to salicylic 
acid. 2. Chlorine produces chlorobenzoic acid. 3. Bromine 
forms bromobenzoic acid. 4. Soluble benzoates precipitate 
solutions of ferric salts as ferric benzoate, which is flesh- 
colored. 5. Aqueous solutions of benzoates, unless too 
dilute, give a crystalline precipitate of benzoic acid with most 
free acids. 6. Most benzoates are soluble in water, and 
many are soluble in alcohol. The more sparingly soluble 
benzoates dissolve readily in aqueous solutions of sodium 
acetate, lead acetate, or sodium nitrate. (Storer, 61.) The 
solubility of the free acid in water is increased by the pres- 
ence of borax or sodium phosphate. 
Acidum Boricum. [See Acida.]—1. Boric acid com- 
bines with the hydrates of the alkalies and of the alkaline 
earths to form borates. 2. It decomposes carbonates of the 
alkalies and of the alkaline earths, liberating carbon dioxide. 
3. The soluble borates, in concentrated aqueous solutions, 
give with most free mineral acids a precipitate of boric acid. 
4. The soluble borates do not generally precipitate borates 
of the metals. 5. The alkali borates, such as borax, are 
frequently alkaline in reaction, and consequently cause a 
precipitation with solutions of many metallic salts and most 
alkaloidal salts. 6. All of the borates, excepting those of 
the alkalies, are insoluble in water, but generally soluble in 
the presence of free boric acid or tartaric acid. They are all 
nearly or quite insoluble in alcohol. 7. Borates are trans- 
posed by all ordinary acids, with the formation of boric acid; 
even carbonic acid, under certain conditions, causes a trans- 
position. (P. & J., 174.) [See Sodii Boras.] 
Acidum Carbolicum (Phenol).—1. Carbolic acid ab- 6 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
sorbs moisture from the air. 2. Liquid carbolic acid on 
exposure to air becomes pink, red, and even brown. This 
is probably due to various causes, no explanation being 
entirely satisfactory. 3. Carbolic acid, in dilute solution with 
ferric salts, gives a violet-blue color which is prevented by 
acetic acid or alcohol. (M. & M., 111. 831.) In concentrated 
solutions the color does not appear. The presence of many 
organic compounds prevents its formation. 4. With, ammonia 
it gives a colorless mixture which slowly becomes green, then 
a deep blue, and finally a purplish blue. 5. With ammonia 
and a solution of sodium hypochlorate it gives a deep blue 
color. 6. With a mixture of sjdphuric acid and potassium 
nitrate it gives a brown color, turning blue on standing. 7. 
Carbolic acid combines with concentrated solutions of alkali 
hydrates to form carbolates. It does not combine with alkali 
carbonates. 8. Alkaline solutions of carbolic acid absorb 
atmospheric oxygen, forming dark-colored products. 9. 
Phenol coagulates aqueous solutions of albumen or dilute solu- 
tions of gelatin. It also coagulates collodion (difference from 
creosote). 10. Hydrogen dioxide oxidizes it to pyrocatechin, 
hydroquinone, and quinone. (M. & M., 111. 832.) 11. Potas- 
sium permanganate oxidizes it to oxalic acid and carbon 
dioxide. (M. & M., 111, 832.) 12. Nitric acid oxidizes it to 
mono-, di-, or tri-nitrophenol, the tri-nitrophenol being known 
as picric acid. 13. Nitro2is acid forms nitroso-phenol, in 
which nitrosyl replaces hydrogen. (M, & M., in. 833.) 14. 
Carbolic acid with concentrated sulphuric acid forms phenol- 
sulphonic acid. 15. An aqueous solution of phenol with 
bromine water gives a crystalline precipitate of tri-bromo- 
phenol. 16. Carbolic acid reduces many metallic salts, 
especially those of silver and copper. 17. Carbolic acid gives 
a liquid or soft mass when triturated with acetamide, acctani- 
lid, antipyrin, borneol, bromal hydrate, butyl chloral hydrate, 
camphor, monobromated camphor, chloral alcoholate, chloral 
hydrate, diuretin, euphorin, exalgin, lead acetate, menthol, INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
7 
methacetin, naphtalin, naphtol, phenacetin, pyrocatechin, pyro- 
gallol, resin, resorcin, salol, sodium phosphate, thymol, urethane, 
chloralamid, terpin hydrate, or antisepsin. These reactions 
are due in some cases to the formation of new chemical com- 
pounds, and in other cases probably to the fact that carbolic 
acid is hygroscopic, and liquefies when warmed by the tri- 
turation. 
Acidum Chromicum.—I. Chromic acid combines with the 
alkali hydrates to form yellow normal chromates and red 
dichromates. 2. Chromic acid, or chromates in solution with 
sulphuric acid, are reduced to chromic salts by tartrates, 
producing formic acid, carbon dioxide, and water; 3. by 
oxalates, forming carbon dioxide; 4. by hypophosphites (no 
action in alkaline mixtures), forming phosphoric acid; 5. by 
sulphides, liberating sulphur; 6. by sulphites, forming 
sulphuric acid; 7. by chlorides, liberating chlorine; 8. by 
bromides, liberating bromine; 9. by iodides, liberating iodine; 
10. by dilute alcohol, forming aldehyde and acetic acid. 11. 
Chromic acid, with strong alcohol, glycerin, ether, volatile oils, 
or other readily oxidizable matter, is liable to cause an explo- 
sion or the matter to take fire. 12. The soluble chromates 
and bichromates precipitate aqueous solutions of salts of lead, 
silver, mercury, bismuth, manganese, barium, and strontium as 
chromates, generally normal, varying in color from yellow to 
red. 13. Potassium bichromate precipitates many alkaloids 
from aqueous solutions of their salts, e.g., atropine, codeine, 
hydrastine, quinine, strychnine, morphine (only in concentrated 
solutions, 1 : 100). The normal potassium chromate does not 
precipitate as many alkaloids. 14. The chromates of the 
alkalies, magnesium, calcium, and zinc are soluble in water; 
the others are sparingly or insoluble in water. They are 
nearly insoluble in alcohol. 15. Bichromates, triturated with 
tannic acid, sugar, or substances which are easily oxidized, 
are liable to cause an explosion. 
Acidum Chrysophanicum.— I. Chrysophanic acid is dis- 8 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
solved by aqueous solutions of alkalies, forming a liquid which 
is pink when dilute and dark purplish red when concen- 
trated. This solution, when neutralized with acids, precipitates 
the yellow chrysophanic acid. (Allen, 111. part I. 282.) 2. 
An ammoniacal solution of chrysophanic acid gives a lilac- 
colored precipitate with acetate of lead and rose-colored with 
alum. (Allen, 111. part I. 283.) 3. Strong nitric acid (not 
dilute) converts it into tetranitro-chrysophanic acid. (Allen, 
111. part I. 283.) 
Acidum Citricum.— 1. Citric acid forms citrates with 
most metallic hydrates or carbonates, with most acetates, with 
alkaline sulphides, and with soap. 2. With a solution of 
potassium tartrate or Rochelle salt a citrate is formed and 
potassium bitartrate is precipitated. 3. Soluble citrates and 
also citric acid give, with lime-water or aqueous solution of 
calcium chloride, a clear solution, which gives a precipitate 
of calcium citrate on being heated. 4. Neutral soluble 
citrates precipitate solutions of lead acetate or silver nitrate as 
citrates. 5. An alkaline solution of a citrate with chlorine 
gives some chloroform. (M. & M., 11. 194.) 6. Concentrated 
nitric acid oxidizes citric acid or citrates, forming acetic and 
oxalic acids. An acidulated solution of potassium perman- 
ganate oxidizes it, forming carbon dioxide and acetone. 
(Allen, I. 453.) 7. A solution of ammonium citrate dissolves 
the oxides or hydrates of aluminum, iron, nickel, manganese, 
magnesium, zinc, copper, and mercuric mercury to form 
double compounds. These salts are not precipitated by the 
alkali hydrates or carbonates. (M. & M., 11, 194.) Heating 
with fixed alkali hydrates or carbonates may produce a pre- 
cipitate. A solution of ammonium citrate also aids the solu- 
tion of some acids, as gallic, salicylic, and benzoic. 7. The 
citrates of the alkalies are soluble in water; those of iron, 
zinc, and copper, moderately soluble; the other single citrates 
are insoluble. Citric acid in excess forms many double 
citrates which are soluble in water. The alkali citrates in INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
neutral or alkaline mixtures have the property of making 
many insoluble metallic salts soluble in water. Citrates are 
generally insoluble in alcohol. 8. The insoluble citrates 
are transposed by dilute mineral acids. 
Acidum Gallicum.— i. Gallic acid with lime zvater in 
excess gives a blue-white precipitate, and the liquid acquires 
a tint which is blue by reflected and green by transmitted 
light, and becomes pink by large excess of lime water. (U. S. 
D., 50.) If the gallic acid is in excess, the color is brown, 
(N. D., 55.) 2. An aqueous solution exposed to the air 
decomposes, turning yellow, brown, and black, and deposits 
a black substance; this is hastened by alkali hydrates, form- 
ing tanno-melanic acid. (Allen, 111. part I. p. 68.) 3. With 
excess of sodium bicarbonate the liquid becomes indigo-blue 
and precipitates a deep blue-green solid, (Allen, in. part I. 
p. 68,.) 4. Gallic acid gives a blue-black precipitate or solu- 
tion with a solution of ferric chloride. With an excess of 
iron the solution is a greenish blue. Heat destroys the color, 
due (according to Allen, 111. part 1., p. 68) to the reduction of 
the ferric iron to the ferrous condition or (according to the 
U. S. D., 50) to the conversion of gallic acid into pyrogallic 
a&d. 5. Gallic acid with a concentrated solution of a pure 
ferrous salt gives a white precipitate, but no precipitate if the 
iron solution is dilute. On exposure to air the mixture soon 
becomes colored, due to the oxidation of the iron. 6. With 
a solution of potassium cyanide gallic acid gives a red color, 
which quickly disappears, (Allen, 111. part I. p. 68.) 7, 
With a solution of a mixture of ammonia and ammonium 
chloride it gives a red color. (M. & M., IV. 633.) 8. With a 
solution of tartar emetic it gives a precipitate of gallate of 
antimony; the reaction is prevented by ammonium chloride. 
(Allen, 111. part I. p. 68.) 9. Potassium permanganate in 
aqueous solution is reduced. Triturating the two together 
dry, the gallic acid may take fire. 10. Nitric acid oxidizes 
it, yielding oxalic acid. (M. & M., IV. 632.) 11. Gallic acid INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
reduces salts of gold or silver. 12. Oxidizing agents, such as 
arsenic acid, silver oxide, or iodine, with water, convert gallic 
acid into ellagic acid. 13. Gallic acid does not give a precipi- 
tate with solutions of alkaloids, gelatin, albumin, or starch. 
14. The gallates of the metals, except the alkalies, are 
insoluble in water. Most of the gallates are insoluble in 
alcohol. 
Acidum Hydriodicum. [See Acida.]—1. Soluble iodides 
and also hydriodic acid precipitate solutions of salts of lead, 
as the bright yellow lead iodide; of silver, as the yellow-white 
silver iodide; of mercurous mercury, as the yellow mercurous 
iodide; of mercuric mercury, as the red mercuric iodide. 
2. The alkali iodides in excess form double compounds with 
lead, silver, and mercuric iodides, which compounds are solu- 
ble in water. The solution of the double salt of mercuric 
and potassium iodide is known as “ Mayer’s reagent,” and 
precipitates nearly all alkaloids. Mercurous iodide, with 
excess of potassium iodide, is decomposed, forming metallic 
mercury and the soluble potassium mercuric iodide. 3. Solu- 
ble iodides precipitate solutions of bismuth salts as bismuth 
iodide, which is quickly decomposed by water, forming an 
oxyiodide of bismuth. 4. Soluble iodides reduce cupric salts 
in solution and give a precipitate of cuprous iodide; at the 
same time the solution becomes red, due to the liberation of 
iodine. 5. Soluble iodides with ferric salts in acid solution 
reduce the ferric to ferrous iron, but give no precipitate; at 
the same time iodine is liberated. 6. Nitrites in acid solu- 
tion with iodides liberate iodine and form nitric oxide. 
7. Nitric acid liberates iodine from iodides and then oxidizes 
it to iodic acid. 8. Chlorine oxidizes iodides, liberating 
iodine; then oxidizes the iodine to iodic acid, and in alkaline 
mixtures to a periodate. The chlorine is changed to a chloride. 
9. Chlorates in an acid solution of an iodide liberate iodine 
and oxidize it to iodic acid. The chlorate becomes a chloride. 
10. Bromine liberates iodine, and in alkaline mixtures forms INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
11 
an iodate. The bromine becomes a bromide. 11. Bromates 
in acid solution with iodides form iodine and bromine. 
12. lodates in acid solution with iodides liberate iodine 
from both. lodides sometimes contain iodates as impurities, 
hence the liberation of iodine on adding an acid. 13. Arsenic 
compounds become arsenous, and liberate iodine from iodides 
in an acid solution. 14. Chromates in acid solutions liberate 
iodine and form chromic salts. 15. Permanganates in acid 
solutions liberate iodine and, if in great excess, oxidize it to 
iodic acid. 16. Hydrogen peroxide in acid solution liberates 
iodine from iodides. 17. lodides sometimes contain carbon- 
ates as impurities, and would then have the incompatibilities 
of carbonates. 18. The alkali iodides precipitate aqueous 
solutions of many alkaloidal salts. This is partially explained 
by some writers by saying that the iodide of the alkaloid is 
thrown out of solution by the presence of the metallic iodide. 
19. The iodides of lead, silver, mercurous and mercuric 
mercury, copper, and bismuth are insoluble in water; all 
others are soluble. Most iodides are soluble in alcohol except 
lead, silver, and mercurous. 
Acidum Hydrobromicum. [See Acida.]—1. The soluble 
bromides and also hydrobromic acid precipitate solutions of 
salts of lead, silver, and mercury as bromides. 2. In con- 
centrated aqueous mixtures the alkali bromides form soluble 
double compounds with lead and silver. 3. Alkali bromides 
with mercurous chloride cause the calomel to turn gray or 
black. Probably a reaction takes place similar to that be- 
tween calomel and alkali iodides. [See under Hydrargyri 
Chloridum Mite, No. 5.] 4. Bromides with nitric acid give 
bromine. 5. Chlorine forms bromine and hydrochloric acid. 
In alkaline mixtures a bromate is formed. 6. Chlorates in 
acid solution give bromine and hydrochloric acid. 7. Bro- 
mates in acid solution with bromides liberate bromine from 
both. 8. lodates in acid solution with bromides liberate 
iodine and bromine. 9. Bromides in acid solutions reduce 12 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
permanganates to manganous salts and liberate bromine. 10. 
Bromides in acid solutions reduce chromates to chromic salts 
and liberate bromine. 11. Bromides with an old sample of 
spirit of nitrous ether give free bromine. 12. The alkali bro- 
mides reduce antimonic, bismuthic, and cupric compounds. 
13. The alkali bromides precipitate some of the alkaloids 
from aqueous solution of their salts. The presence of alco- 
hol generally prevents the precipitation. [See Acidum Hy- 
DRIODICUM, No. 18.] 14. The alkali bromides sometimes 
contain carbonates as impurities. In such a case the incom- 
patibilities of carbonates would exist. 15, The metallic bro- 
mides are soluble in water, except silver, lead, mercurous, 
mercuric (sparingly), and bismuth. They are generally some- 
what soluble in alcohol. 
Acidum Hydrochloricum. [See Acida.]—1. Hydro- 
chloric acid with chlorates gives free chlorine and various 
oxides of chlorine; the mixture of these is sometimes known 
as euchlorine. 2. Concentrated hydrochloric acid with con- 
centrated nitric acid gives chlorine and oxychlorides of nitro- 
gen. 3. Bromates with hydrochloric acid give free bromine 
and chlorine. 4. lodatcs in dilute solution give no reaction; 
if concentrated, yellow chloride of iodine is formed. 5. Per- 
manganates liberate chlorine and are reduced to manganous 
chloride. 6. Chromates form chromic chloride and liberate 
chlorine. 7. Hydrochloric acid, being stronger than most 
other acids, except nitric and sulphuric, very frequently 
takes the place of these other acids when they are combined 
with bases. 8. Hydrochloric acid with solutions of tartar 
emetic precipitates a basic compound of antimony. 9. Hy- 
drochloric acid added to an alcoholic solution of myrrh 
gives a red to a violet color; added to alcoholic solution 
of balsam of tolu gives a yellow, changing through a brown 
to a cherry-red. 10. The soluble chlorides give 
acid when treated with sulphuric acid. 11. The soluble 
chlorides and also hydrochloric acid precipitate as chlorides 13 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
solutions of salts of lead, silver, and mercurous mercury. 12. 
The soluble chlorides, in concentrated solutions, precipitate 
a few alkaloids from solutions of their salts. 13. The nor- 
mal chlorides, except lead, mercurous, and silver, are soluble 
in water. Nearly all except these three are also soluble in 
alcohol. 
Acidum Hydrocyanicum Dilutum [See Acida.]. 
1. The aqueous solution of hydrocyanic acid decomposes 
into formate of ammonium. (Richter, 266.) The presence 
of alkalies aids this reaction. There is also formed a black 
compound. 2. Concentrated mineral acids produce formic 
acid and a salt of ammonium. (M. & M., 11. 302.) 3. The 
soluble cyanides (except mercuric cyanide), and also hydro- 
cyanic acid, precipitate the white silver cyanide from solu- 
tions of silver salts; the precipitate forms soluble double 
cyanides with the alkali cyanides or hydrocyanic acid. 4. 
They precipitate solutions of lead salts as lead cyanide. 5. 
They decompose mercurous compounds, forming metallic mer- 
cury and mercuric cyanide. In case of calomel, the powder is 
colored gray to black by the metallic mercury. (A. P. A., XL. 
884.) 6. The alkali cyanides precipitate from solutions of 
copper salts the yellow-green copper cyanide, which is soluble 
in excess of the alkali cyanide. The cupric cyanide is un- 
stable, becoming cuproso-cupric cyanide, 7. With hydrogen 
dioxide and sulphuric acid, cyanides are decomposed, forming 
oxamide. (U. S. D., 64.) 8. Cyanides reduce permanga- 
nates, forming carbon dioxide, nitric, nitrous, oxalic, and 
formic acids. (M. & M., 11. 342.) 9. Cyanides of the 
alkalies and alkaline-earth metals are decomposed by all 
acids, even carbonic, with liberation of hydrocyanic acid. 
10. The aqueous solutions of the single cyanides are gen- 
erally alkaline, and may precipitate alkaloids from aqueous 
solutions of then salts as free alkaloids. (Maisch, A, J. P. 
1890, 163.) 11. Atropine is physiologically antagonistic to 
cyanides. 12. With iodine in concentrated solution, potas- INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
slum cyanide forms potassium iodide and iodide of cyanogen. 
(M. & M., 11. 342.) 13. Rubbed or heated with potassium 
nitrate or chlorate, potassium cyanide detonates violently. 
14. Potassium cyanide rubbed in a mortar with chloral hy- 
drate reacts with almost explosive violence; sufficient heat is 
produced to fuse the mass, which is turned brown; a large 
volume of white vapor is given off; when the two ingredi- 
ents are powdered and lightly mixed, the reaction is slower. 
15. The cyanides of the alkali and alkaline-earth metals and 
mercuric cyanide are soluble in water; the others are nearly 
or entirely insoluble. Excepting mercuric cyanide, they are 
nearly all insoluble in alcohol. 
Acidum Hydrosulphuricum. —l. Hydrogen sulphide 
precipitates as sulphides aqueous acid solutions of salts of 
lead, black ; silver, black ; mercury, black ; arsenic, yellow; 
antimony, orange-red; tin, dark brown; copper, black; 
cadmium, yellow; bismuth, black. 2. Hydrogen sulphide 
with nitric acid gives sulphur, and the sulphur may be oxid- 
ized to sulphuric acid. 3. Sulphurous acid gives sulphur and 
water when mixed with hydrogen sulphide. 4. Chlorine 
gives sulphur, then sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid. 5, 
Chlorates in acid solution give sulphur, then sulphuric and 
hydrochloric acids. 6, Bromine gives sulphur and hydro- 
bromic acid. In alkaline mixtures a sulphate is formed. 
7. Bromates in acid solution give hydrobromic* acid and sul- 
phur, then sulphuric acid. 8. lodine or iodates in acid solu- 
tion give hydriodic acid and sulphur. 9. Arsenic compounds 
in acid solution are reduced to arsenous with precipitation of 
arsenous sulphide and free sulphur. 10. Permanganates in 
acid solution give manganous compounds and sulphuric acid. 
11. Chromates in acid solution are reduced to chromic com- 
pounds, and sulphur is liberated. 12. Ferric compounds are 
reduced to ferrous, and sulphur is liberated. 13. Soluble sul- 
phides have about the same reducing properties as hydrogen 
sulphide. 14. The sulphides of potassium, sodium, and INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
ammonium precipitate the same metals as hydrogen sulphide, 
and in addition ferrous compounds (reducing ferric to ferrous 
first), zinc, cobalt, nickel, and manganese; the precipitate is a 
sulphide, and is black—except zinc sulphide, which is white, 
and manganese sulphide, which is flesh-colored. Salts of 
aluminum and chromium are also precipitated by the alkali 
sulphides, but the precipitates are hydrates. 15. Sulphides 
(except mercuric) are transposed or decomposed by hydro- 
chloric, nitric, and sulphuric acids. 16. Sulphides, when 
triturated dry with chlorates, nitrates, or other oxidizing 
agents, are liable to explode. 
Acidum Hypophosphorosum Dilutum. [SeeAciDA,]— 
Hypophosphites in acid solutions and hypophosphorous acid 
are oxidized to phosphoric acid by nearly all oxidizing agents, 
and cause the reduction of these agents as follows: 1. Nitrous 
acid or nitric acid forms nitric oxide. 2. Sulphurous acid 
forms sulphur. 3. Sulphuric acid is reduced to sulphurous 
acid and then sulphur. 4. Chlorine becomes hydrochloric 
acid. 5. Chlorates form hydrochloric acid or chlorides. 6. 
Bromine and also bromates form hydrobromic acid or bromides. 
7. lodine and also iodates form hydriodic acid or iodides. 8. 
Silver, mercurous, and mercuric compounds (in acid or alkaline 
mixtures) are reduced to the metals, 9. Permanganates are 
reduced to manganous salts. 10. Chromates are reduced to 
chromic salts. 11. Ferric compounds are reduced to ferrous. 
12. Ciipric salts become cuprous, and with heat metallic 
copper, 13. Arsenic compounds are reduced to arsenous, and 
then metallic arsenic. 14. Hypophosphites are decomposed 
by nearly all acids. 15. Hypophosphites when triturated dry 
with some oxidizing agents, as potassium cldorate, are apt to 
explode. 16. Hypophosphites are soluble in water, ferric 
being only sparingly so. 
Acidum Lacticum. —l. Lactic acid displaces carbonic and 
acetic acids from their compounds. 2. It coagulates solu- 
tions of albumen, or of milk. (Extra Pharm., 19.) 3. With INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
nitric acid it forms oxalic acid. 4. Chromic acid oxidizes it 
to formic and acetic acids. 5. With potassium permanganate 
and sulphuric acid it gives the odor of aldehyde, (U. S. P., 
16.) 6. With potassium permanganate it gives pyruvic acid, 
(M. & M., 111, 110.) 7. Lactates are generally insoluble in 
water or alcohol. 
Acidum Meconicum.—l. Meconic acid, with a nearly 
neutral solution of a ferric salt, gives a red-colored solution, 
the color being destroyed by a large excess of hydrochloric 
acid. 2. With a weak solution of an ammoniated copper sul- 
phate solution it gives a green precipitate. 3. It gives a 
white precipitate with solutions of lead acetate, silver nitrate, 
barium chloride, and calcium chloride. (U. S. D., 69.) 4. 
Nitric acid converts it into oxalic acid. (Allen, 111, part 11. 
337-) 
Acidum Nitricum (concentrated). —l, Nitric acid is a 
strong oxidizing agent, and in oxidizing substances it is 
reduced to dinitrogen tetroxide (N 204),04), nitrous anhydride 
(N 203),03), nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (N3O), nitrogen, or 
ammonia. 2. Nitric acid oxidizes hypophosphites to phos- 
phates; sulphides to sulphur, and then sulphates; sulphites 
to sulphates; bromides to free bromine; iodides to free 
iodine, and then the iodine to iodic acid; oxalates to carbon 
dioxide; citrates to acetic and oxalic acids; mercurous com- 
pounds to mercuric; arsenous compounds to arsenic; ferrous 
compounds to ferric. 3. Nitric acid dissolves many metals, 
while it itself is partly decomposed. 4. With concentrated 
hydrochloric acid it forms chlorine and oxychlorides of nitro- 
gen. 5. With carbolic acid it forms picric acid, 6. With 
salicylic acid it forms nitrosalicylic acid. 7. With alcohol it 
acts violently, giving off red fumes, and forming aldehyde, 
acetic, formic, and carbonic acids. 8. With creosote, volatile 
oils, sawdust, and other organic substances the reaction with 
nitric acid may be so violent as to cause explosion or igni- 
tion. 9. Nitric acid gives color reactions with many of the INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
17 
alkaloids. Apomorphine with nitric acid gives a violet-red; 
brucine, a scarlet to a blood-red; physostigmine, a yellow or 
red; herherine, a dark brown-red; codeine, a yellow; hydras- 
tine, an orange; morphine, an orange-red, changing to yellow. 
10. Nitric acid replaces many weak acids, such as carbonic, 
acetic, and boric acids, when they are combined with bases. 
11. Nitric acid with concentrated sulphuric acid and glycerin 
forms the explosive nitroglycerin. 12. With sulphuric acid 
and cotton or other celhdose it forms gun-cotton, some of the 
compounds being explosive, 13. Nitric acid with sugar and 
heat forms oxalic acid. Very concentrated nitric acid in the 
cold with sugar forms an explosive compound. Dilute nitric 
acid oxidizes sugar to saccharic acid, while very dilute acid 
changes it to glucose. 14. Nitric acid with silver or mercuric 
nitrates and strong alcohol forms the explosive fulminate of 
silver or mercury. [See Acida.] 
Dilute nitric acid, while an oxidizing agent, is not as 
active as the concentrated. It may not give color reactions 
with some of the alkaloids. 
Fuming nitric acid is a more active oxidizing agent than 
the concentrated acid. When it is mixed with organic mat- 
ter, violent explosion or ignition is liable to take place. 
Nitrates with sulphuric acid give nitric acid. Nitrates, 
particularly those of the fixed alkalies, when triturated with 
substances capable of being readily oxidized, are liable to 
explode; some of these substances are charcoal, phosphorus, 
sulphur, sugar, sulphides, potassium cyanide, glycerin, alco- 
hol, and oils. The nitrates are all soluble in water; the 
basic nitrates of bismuth and of mercury are insoluble. 
Most of the nitrates are nearly or quite insoluble in alcohol. 
Acidum Nitrohydrochloricum.—Nitrohydrochloric acid 
has the oxidizing properties of chlorine and the precipitat- 
ing properties of hydrochloric acid. [See CHLORUM; also 
Acidum Hydrochloricum and Acida.] 
Acidum Nitrosum.—Nitrous acid and acid solutions of INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
nitrites, such as potassium or sodium nitrites, amyl nitrite, 
or ethyl nitrite (in spirit of nitrous ether), all act in a similar 
manner. Sometimes they act as oxidizing and sometimes as 
reducing agents. In neutral or alkaline mixtures nitrites do 
not generally oxidize or reduce. I. Hypophosphites form 
phosphoric acid and nitric oxide when mixed with acid 
solutions of nitrites. 2. Sulphites form sulphates and nitric 
oxide. 3. Chlorates form peroxide of chlorine, then hydro- 
chloric and nitric acids. 4. lodides form iodine and nitric 
oxide. 5. lodates form iodine and nitric acid. 6. Mercu- 
rous salts are reduced to metallic mercury. Mercuric salts 
are not reduced. 7. Permanganates are reduced to man- 
ganous salts and nitric acid is formed. 8. Chromates are 
reduced to chromic salts. 9. Gold chloride is reduced to 
metallic gold. 10. Nitrites with sulphuric acid and alcohol 
form ethyl nitrite. 11. Antipyrin with acid solutions of 
nitrites give the green isonitroso-antipyrin. A fresh neutral 
spirit of nitrous ether does not give the color, except on 
standing for a time. An old spirit gives it quickly, and the 
compound formed may separate in the form of crystals. 
This green compound was at one time thought to be poison- 
ous, but is not now generally considered so. 12. Acetanilid 
gives a yellow, or even red, color with nitrites, probably due 
to the formation of diazo-compounds. (Ph. E., XI. 509.) 13. 
With tannic acid or preparations containing tannin in a large 
amount, nitrites in acid solution (as an old spirit of nitrous 
ether) give off gaseous compounds, consisting largely of 
oxides of nitrogen. 14. Nitrous acid converts acetic acid 
into carbon monoxide and other gases. [See Acida.] 
Nitrites are all soluble in water, except silver nitrite, 
which is sparingly soluble. 
Acidum Oleicum.—1. Oleic acid combines with alkalies 
to form soaps. 2. Nitric acid oxidizes oleic acid to acetic, 
propionic, butyric, valeric, adipic, azelaic, and other acids. 
[M. & M., ill. 637.] 3. Nitric acid containing nitrous acid INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
fumes or nitrous acid converts oleic acid into the isomeric 
elaidic acid, which is solid. 4. Potassium permanganate in 
alkaline mixtures gives azelaic acid and dioxystearic acids. 
(M. & M., 111, 637.) 5. Concentrated sulphuric acid yields 
oxystearic acid. 6. Oleic acid combines with bromine to 
form dibromostearic acid. (Allen, 11. 234.) 7. lodine com- 
bines with oleic acid to form addition products. [See Acida.] 
Acidum Osmicum.—1. Osmic acid liberates iodine from 
potassium iodide. (Extra Pharm., 2 1.) 2. It converts alcohol 
into aldehyde and acetic acid. (Extra Pharm., 21.) 3. Be- 
coming reduced to metallic osmium, it blackens nearly every- 
thing with which it comes in contact. 4. It decolorizes indigo 
solution. (P. & J., 164.) 5. It gives a deep violet colored 
solution or precipitate with sulphites. (P. & J., 164.) 
Acidum Oxalicum. [See Acida.]—1. The alkali oxalates 
and also oxalic acid precipitate as oxalates aqueous solutions 
of salts of all other common metals, except magnesium, 
chromium, aluminum, and ferric iron. 2. Concentrated sul- 
phuric acid decomposes them, forming carbon monoxide, 
carbon dioxide, and water. 3. Nitric acid forms nitric oxide 
and carbon dioxide. 4. Chlorine, chlorinated lime, or a 
chlorate in acid solution, forms carbon dioxide and hydro- 
chloric acid. 5. Bromates in acid solutions form bromine 
and carbon dioxide. 6, lodates in acid solutions form iodine 
and carbon dioxide. 7. Arsenic compounds are reduced to 
arsenous, and carbon dioxide is formed. 8. Permanganates in 
acid solution are reduced to manganous salts, and carbon di- 
oxide is formed. 9. Chromates in acid solution form chromic 
compounds and carbon dioxide. 10. Oxalic acid reduces 
gold from solutions of its salts. 11. Oxalic acid is transposed 
by sulphuric, nitric, or hydrochloric acid. 12. The alkali 
oxalates are soluble in water; the other oxalates for the most 
part are insoluble. Oxalates are generally insoluble in 
alcohol. 
Acidum Phosphoricum (Ortho-). [See Acida.]—1. Or- 20 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
thophosphoric acid (free) gives a precipitate with solutions of 
silver nitrate, lead acetate, or ammoniacal solutions of chlo- 
rides of barium, calcium, or magnesium. With a tincture 
of ferric chloride it forms a colorless solution of ferric 
phosphate. 2. The alkali phosphates precipitate neutral 
solutions of salts of all other metals. The precipitate is 
a di- or tri-metallic phosphate, and, excepting lead, mercur- 
ous, antimony, and bismuth phosphates, is generally dissolved 
by phosphoric acid, forming monometallic salts, and by other 
acids. 3. Orthophosphates with acetic acid or free ortho- 
phosphoric acid do not coagulate egg albumen or gelatin 
(difference from meta- or pyro-phosphoric acid). 4. Acetic 
acid transposes most of the insoluble phosphates except 
those of iron, aluminum, and lead. Dilute hydrochloric, nitric, 
and sulphuric acids transpose all phosphates. 5. Phosphoric 
acid, by forming the stable ferric phosphate, prevents the for- 
mation of the black tannate of iron when solutions of ferric 
salts are brought in contact with tannic acid or preparations 
containing tannin, (Extra Pharm., 23.) 6. The di- and tri- 
metallic phosphates except the alkalies are insoluble in 
water. The monometallic phosphates are soluble in water 
to some extent. Phosphates are insoluble in alcohol. 
Metaphosphoric acid precipitates solutions of silver nitrate, 
lead acetate, and also ferric chloride (difference from the ortho- 
acid). It does not cause a precipitation of the ferric phos- 
phate or pyrophosphate when it is added to a solution of the 
soluble phosphate or pyrophosphate of iron. It coagulates 
egg albumen and a solution of gelatin. 
Pyrophosphoric acid precipitates solutions of silver nitrate, 
lead acetate, ferric chloride, egg albumen, or gelatin. The 
pyrophosphates of potassium, sodium, and ammonium are 
soluble in water, and precipitate solutions of salts of nearly 
all other metals. Most of the pyrophosphates are soluble in 
solutions of alkali pyrophosphates as double salts. Alkali 
citrates also have a solvent effect. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
21 
Acidum Picricum.—i. Picric acid and picrates precipitate 
albumen, gelatin, and most alkaloids from aqueous solutions 
of their salts. 2. Salts of picric acid explode when struck 
or strongly heated. (Richter, 678.) 3. It is explosive when 
rubbed or heated with readily oxidizable substances such as 
sulphur. [See Acida.] 
Acidum Salicylicum—l. Salicylic acid decomposes many 
of the carbofiates. 2. Potassium permanganate oxidizes it to 
formic acid and carbon dioxide. 3. Chlorine forms mono- 
and di-chloro-oxybenzoic acids. 4. With fuming nitric 
acid it gives picric acid. (Allen, 111. part I. 52.) 5. Nitric 
acid in combination with bismuth oxide will convert salicylic 
acid into betanitrosalicylic acid, which is capable of forming a 
series of salts the appearance of which varies with their com- 
position. The neutral betanitrosalicylate of bismuth forms 
colorless needles; the basic salt, citron-yellow needles; and 
the sub-betanitrosalicylate precipitates in needles of a reddish- 
orange color. (M. M. R., IV. 10.) 6. Potassiicm chlorate 
with hydrochloric acid converts salicylic acid into tetrachloro- 
quinone. (N. D., 89.) 7. lodine or iodic acid gives mono-, 
di-, and tri-iodo-oxybenzoic acids and tri-iodophenol. (M. & 
M., 111. 680.) 8. Salicylic acid combines with camphor in 
dilute alcoholic solution. (M. & M., 111. 680.) 9. Salicylic 
acid is rendered more soluble in water by the presence of 
citrates, acetates, or phosphates of the alkalies by forming 
salicylates of the bases and liberating the citric, acetic, or 
phosphoric acid. Borax renders it more soluble by forming 
sodium salicylate. (Extra Pharm., 25.) A solution of sali- 
cylic acid and borax in water deposits crystals of CuH10NaBO,. 
(M. & M., 111. 680.) 10. Soluble salicylates and salicylic 
acid with solutions of ferric salts give a bluish-violet solution, 
or, if the solution be dilute, the color will be violet-red. In 
nearly neutral concentrated solutions a precipitate of basic 
ferric salicylate is formed. The color is destroyed by large 
excess of a free acid. 11. On heating with copper sulphate 22 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
in dilute solution, they give an emerald-green colored 
solution from which the copper is not precipitated by alka- 
lies. (M. & M., 111. 680.) 12. Bromine water gives a 
precipitate with dilute solutions of the salicylates. 13. Lime 
water gives a precipitate of calcium salicylate when con- 
centrated solutions are mixed. A 10 per cent, solution of 
calcium chloride gives no precipitate with a 10 per cent, 
solution of sodium salicylate. (A. P. A., XL. 1023.) 14. Sali- 
cylates or salicylic acid with spirit of nitrous ether give a 
yellow solution, turning red, brown, or even black. 15. Sali- 
cylic acid makes a liquid or soft mass when triturated with 
exalgin, lead acetate, sodium phosphate, or uretJiane. It is 
said to give a mass with antipyrin or phenacetin, but accord- 
ing to the writer’s experiments this is not the case. Sodium 
salicylate is said to give a soft mass with antipyrin ox phenace- 
tin, but this is probably not true. It gives a stiff mass with 
head acetate and a slightly damp powder with sodium phosphate. 
16. Solutions of the salicylates in water become colored on 
standing, due perhaps to the formation of oxidation prod- 
ucts. 17. Mineral acids and some organic acids liberate 
the salicylic acid from aqueous solutions of salicylates. The 
acid, being but slightly soluble, is generally precipitated. 
18. With solutions of quinine salts soluble salicylates give a 
curdy, nearly insoluble precipitate of salicylate of quinine. 
19. Neutral salicylates (not salicylic acid) precipitate solutions 
of lead acetate or silver nitrate. (Allen, 111. part I. 52.) 
Acidum Stearicum.—l. Stearic acid combines with alkali 
hydrates and their carbonates. 2. Nitric acid forms succinic 
and other acids. (M. & M., IV. 512.) 3* Bromine water forms 
mono- and di-bromostearic acid. (M. & M., IV. 513.) 
Acidum Sulphuricum. —l. Sulphuric acid transposes the 
salts of nearly all other acids. 2. The concentrated acid with 
most organic matter forms a black mass, due to the extraction 
of elements of water, leaving carbon. Some organic acids, 
many alkaloids, and some other compounds are not thus INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
23 
effected, 3. With alcohol sulphuric acid forms ethylsulphuric 
acid and then ether. 4. Sulphuric acid dissolves many metals 
with the evolution of hydrogen, or sulphur dioxide where 
the acid is concentrated. 5. Oxalic acid is decomposed, form- 
ing water, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. 6. With 
hypophosphorous acid it forms sulphurous acid, then sulphur. 
7. Plydriodic acid with concentrated sulphuric acid forms 
iodine and sulphurous acid. 8. Hydrobromic acid in concen- 
trated solution with strong sulphuric acid forms bromine and 
sulphurous acid. 9. Concentrated sulphuric acid causes 
detonation with chlorates, with evolution of greenish-yellow 
chlorine peroxide. 10. Sulphuric acid and soluble sulphates 
precipitate as sulphates, solutions of salts of lead, barium, 
strontium, and calcium (in concentrated solution). 11. With 
aromatic sulphuric acid, water precipitates the aromatics. 
12. The sulphates of lead, barium, strontium, and calcium are 
nearly insoluble in water; silver and mercurous sulphates are 
sparingly soluble ; mercuric, antimony, and bismuth sulphates 
are soluble in acidulated water; the others are soluble in 
water. 
Acidum Sulphurosum. [See Acida.]—1. Sulphurous 
acid on exposure to air is slowly oxidized to sulphuric acid. 
2. Sulphurous acid does not precipitate solutions of metallic 
salts due to the solubility of sulphites in acids. It generally 
contains sulphuric acid, which may cause a precipitation with 
some of the metals. 3. Sulphurous acid has a bleaching effect 
upon litmus and other organic coloring substances. 4, It de- 
composes carbonates. 5. The soluble sulphites—potassium, 
sodium, and ammonium—precipitate neutral solutions of 
salts of all other metals. 6. Sulphites are decomposed by 
nearly all acids, except carbonic, boracic, hydrocyanic, and 
in some instances hydrosulphuric. 7. Sulphites give a red 
color with a dilute ferric chloride solution, due to the 
formation of ferric sulphite. On warming the color is de- 
stroyed, due to the change of the ferric sulphite to ferrous 24 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
sulphate. 8. Nitric acid or nitrous acid oxidizes sulphites to 
sulphates. 9. Hypophosphites in acid solution with sulphites 
form phosphoric acid and sulphur. 10. Hydrogen sulphide 
with sulphurous acid gives sulphur and water. 11. Chlorine 
with sulphites forms sulphates and chlorides. 12. Chlorates 
in acid solution with sulphites form sulphuric and hydro- 
chloric acids. 13. Bromates in acid solution give first bromine 
and then the bromine is changed to hydrobromic acid. 14. 
lodates in acid solution give first iodine and then the iodine is 
changed to hydriodic acid. 15. Silver salts are reduced to 
metallic silver when warmed with sulphites. 16. Arsenic com- 
pounds are reduced to arsenous. 17. Permanganates in acid 
solution are reduced to manganous compounds. 18. Chromates 
in acid solution are reduced to chromic salts. 19, Mercuric 
and also mercurous nitrates are reduced to metallic mercury. 
Mercuric chloride is slowly reduced to mercurous chloride, and 
on long boiling to metallic mercury. 20. The sulphites of 
the alkali metals are soluble in water; the others are insoluble 
or sparingly so. The sulphites are insoluble in alcohol. 
Acidum Tannicum.—l. An aqueous solution of tannic 
acid slowly changes to some extent to gallic acid, and proba- 
bly some ellagic acid. The solution gets darker on standing, 
and this is hastened by the presence of alkalies. 2. Tannic 
acid gives a precipitate with solutions of albtimen, gelatin, 
gluten, and starch. 3. It precipitates nearly all alkaloids as 
tannates from aqueous or very dilute alcoholic solutions of 
their salts; the precipitate is generally soluble in strong 
alcoholic mixtures, and also in the presence of some organic 
acids. 4. Tannic acid precipitates some glucosides and some 
neutral or bitter principles. 5. It precipitates as tannates 
solutions of salts of many of the metals, especially lead, 
copper, silver, chromium, mercury, bismuth, and antimony. 
6. Potassium hydrate or its carbonate gives, with a concen- 
trated solution of tannic acid, a compound which is but 
slightly soluble in water, but dissolves in a certain excess of INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
25 
the alkali. (U. S. D., 101.) Ammonia in its reactions re- 
sembles potassium. Sodium hydrate gives no precipitate. 
(U. S. D., 101.) 7. An aqueous solution of tannic acid 
added to a small amount of lime water gives a bluish-white 
flocculent precipitate. On adding a moderate excess of lime 
water the precipitate is more copious and of a darker blue. 
(U. S. D,, 100.) Lime water gives with tannic acid a white 
precipitate, turning blue. (Allen, 111. part I.' p. 89.) 8. 
The alkali tannates give precipitates with neutral solutions 
of salts of nearly all other metals. 9. A solution of tannic 
acid gives precipitates with sulphuric, nitric, hydrochloric, 
and arsenic acids. The precipitates are supposed to be 
compounds of tannic acid and the respective acids, and are 
soluble in pure water, but not in acidulated water. (U. S. D., 
101.) 10. With dilute solutions of ferric salts tannic acid 
gives a blue-black or green-black solution. If the solutions 
are concentrated a precipitate results. 11. With purely fer- 
rous salts in concentrated solution it gives a white, gelatinous 
precipitate, which on exposure to air quickly becomes blue. 
Nearly all commercial samples of ferrous salts contain more 
or less ferric compounds. 12. Ammonia water with ammo- 
nium chloride and tannic acid gives a white precipitate, 
rapidly becoming red. (M. & M., IV. 633.) 13, Potassium 
cyanide gives a green coloration with a solution of tannic 
acid. (M. & M., IV. 634.) No reaction takes place. (Allen, 
111. part I. 69.) 14. Potassium bichromate gives a brown 
precipitate with solutions of most tannins. (M. & M., IV. 
634.) 15. With iodine and water tannic acid forms hydri- 
odic acid, which combines with part of the tannic acid and 
remains in solution; the oxygen of the decomposed water 
combines with tannic acid to form an insoluble compound. 
The solution is capable of dissolving iodine. The iodine in 
a. liquid containing tannic acid does not color starch blue. 
(U. S. D., 101.) 16. Chlorine water with ammonia and tan- 
nic acid gives a red color. 17. Saturated solutions of sodium 26 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
chloride, calcium chloride, and some other salts precipitate 
tannic acid from its solution. 18. Nitric acid rapidly oxi- 
dizes it to oxalic acid. (Allen, 111. part I. p. 89.) 19. 
Tannic acid reduces salts of gold, silver, mercury, and copper. 
20. It reduces permanganates. 21. Chlorine, bromine, iodine, 
and chromic acid react violently with tannin. (Allen, 111. 
part I. p. 89.) 22. Triturated with potassium chlorate, or 
other substances which yield their oxygen readily, tannic acid 
is liable to explode. 23, With nitrous acid, spirit of nitrous 
ether, or amyl nitrite tannic acid forms gaseous compounds, 
some of which are oxides of nitrogen. 24. All drugs or 
preparations containing tannic acid in large proportions will 
have the incompatibilities given above. Some of the drugs 
which contain notable quantities of tannin are catechu, kino, 
krameria, logwood, geranium, blackberry-root bark, and oak- 
bark. 25. Tannic acid precipitates solutions of antipyrin. 
26. Tannic acid decomposes iodoform. (U. S. D., 741.) 
Acidum Tartaricum.—l. Tartaric acid in excess, with 
solutions of potassium hydrate (not too dilute) or its salts, 
gives a crystalline precipitate of potassium bitartrate. 2. 
Tartaric acid in excess with ammonia in strong solution gives 
a precipitate of ammonium bitartrate. 3. The soluble tar- 
trates precipitate neutral solutions of salts of most metals as 
tartrates. The precipitate is generally soluble in tartaric 
acid or mineral acids. Many of the tartrates with the alkali 
hydrates form soluble compounds, due to the formation of 
double tartrates. 4. Under certain conditions tartrates re- 
duce salts of gold, silver, and platinum; mercuric chloride 
becomes mercurous chloride. 5. Potassium permanganate 
with an alkaline solution of a tartrate is reduced to manga- 
nese dioxide, while the tartaric acid is converted into formic 
acid, carbon dioxide, and water, 6. Chromates are reduced 
to chromic compounds, and formic acid, carbon dioxide, and 
water are formed. (M. & M., IV. 642.) 7. Tartaric acid and 
tartrates tend to prevent the precipitation by alkali hydrates INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
27 
of the oxides and hydrates of the metals aluminum, bismuth, 
nickel, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, lead, and zinc. (M. & 
M., IV. 641.) 8. Tartrates are transposed by mineral acids. 
9. Tartrates of the alkali bases are soluble in water. The 
bitartrates of potassium and ammonium are sparingly sol- 
uble. The manganous and ferric tartrates are soluble; cal- 
cium tartrate, sparingly soluble. The other tartrates are 
insoluble. Tartrates are insoluble in alcohol. 
Aconitina. —l. Aconitine is decomposed by heating with 
acids, alkalies, or water, forming benzoic acid and aconine. 
2. Nitric acid gives a reddish-brown solution. 3. Aconitine 
is precipitated by the general alkaloidal reagents. [See 
Alkaloids.] 4. Strychnine, atropine, scoparine, morphine, 
and digitalis are more or less incompatible physiologically. 
Adeps.—Lard is decomposed by alkali hydrates or carbon- 
ates, forming oleates, stearates, and palmitates of the alkalies 
and glycerin. [See AciDUM OLEICUM, also AciDUM STEA- 
RICUM.] 
/Ether.—l. Ether with bromine forms ethyl bromide, 
bromal, and other products, after a few days. (M. & M., 11. 
465.) 2. Hot nitric acid forms acetic acid, oxalic acid, and 
carbon dioxide. 3. Chromic acid oxidizes it to acetic acid. 
(M. & M., 11. 465.) 
/Ether Aceticus.—l. Acetic ether or ethyl acetate in 
the presence of moisture decomposes into alcohol and acetic 
acid. (M. & M., I. 14.) 2. With alkali hydrates it yields 
alcohol and acetate of the alkali. 3. Dilute chromic acid 
oxidizes it to acetic acid. 4. With chlorine it forms chlori- 
nated compounds. 5. With lime water and chlorinated lime 
it yields chloroform. 
/Ethyl Bromidum.—1, Ethyl bromide is decomposed 
by light and air, forming alcohol, hydrobromic acid, and some 
free bromine-. (N. D., 141.) 2. With alkali hydrates it 
gives ether and potassium bromide. (M. & M., 11. 480.) 28 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
3. Ethyl bromide with ammonia gives ethylamine. (M. & M., 
11. 480.) 
Aithyleni Bichloridum.—l. Dichlorethane with water 
in the sunlight yields hydrochloric acid and acetic ether. 
2. Chlorine forms addition products. 3. Ammonia water 
forms various ethylene amines. (M. & M., 11. 488,) 4. Alco- 
holic potash gives ethylene and vinyl chloride. (M. & M., 11. 
488.) 
JEthyl lodidum.—l. Ethyl iodide or hydriodic ether on 
being exposed to air and light is decomposed, with liberation 
of iodine. (U. S. D., 1625.) 2. Concentrated nitric acid 
liberates iodine. 3. Chlori7ie gives ethyl chloride and iodine. 
4. Bromine gives ethyl bromide and iodine. 5. Chromic acid 
gives acetic acid and iodine. (M. & M., 11. 499.) 6. Con- 
centrated sulphuric acid liberates iodine. 7. Silver nitrate 
gives a precipitate of silver iodide. (M. & M., 11. 499.) 
Albumen.—Aqueous solutions of albumen are coagulated 
or precipitated by heat, most mineral acids, tannic acid and 
substances containing it (not by gallic acid), carbolic acid (not 
by creosote), alcohol, ether, collodion, lactic acid, picric acid, 
acetic acid with heat, trichloracetic acid, resorcin, mercuric 
chloride (prevented to considerable extent by the presence of 
sodium or ammonium chloride), alum, copper sidphate, ferric 
chloride, salts of most heavy metals, some neutral salts as 
ammonium sulphate, metaphosphoric acid (not by ortho- or 
pyro-phosphoric acid), coniine (not by nicotine), hydrogen 
peroxide water, camphor, thymol, and volatile oils. 
Alcohol.—l. Alcohol precipitates albumen, acacia, and 
many inorga?iic salts from their aqueous solutions; the re- 
sulting mixture must generally contain above 50 or 60 per 
cent, alcohol before a permanent precipitate results. 2. Strong 
nitric acid acts violently on alcohol, forming nitric oxide, 
nitrous ether, carbon dioxide, aldehyde, acetic acid, and 
formic acid. (M. & M., I. 97.) 3. Chromic acid or a bi- 
chromate with sulphuric acid oxidizes alcohol to aldehyde and INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
29 
acetic acid. 4. Potassium permanganate in acid (not in alkaline) 
solution oxidizes it to aldehyde and acetic acid. 5. Chlorine is 
rapidly absorbed by alcohol, and in sunlight may ignite the al- 
cohol. The ultimate product is chloral alcoholate, there being 
a number of intermediate products, such as hydrochloric acid, 
aldehyde, ethyl chloride, acetic acid, chloral, etc. (M. & 
M., I. 97.) 6. Bromine forms hydrobromic acid, water, 
ethyl bromide, bromal, and bromal alcoholate. (M. & M., I. 
97.) 7. Mercuric chloride is slowly reduced to calomel by 
alcohol. (M. & M., I. 98.) 8. Nitric acid with the nitrate 
of silver or mercury and strong alcohol forms the explosive 
fulminate of silver or mercury & M., I. 97,) 9. Con- 
ccntrated mi7ieral acids convert alcohol into ethers. 10. 
Alcohol sometimes contains traces of aldehyde or other im- 
purities which are darkened by alkali hydrates. 11. The 
official alcoholic preparations, except those mentioned in the 
following classes, give precipitates when mixed with water; 
in some instances the precipitate is the active principle, and 
sometimes inert matter: Tinctures, except acetate of iron, 
chloride of iron, an old tincture of iodine and deodorized tinc- 
ture of opium ; fluid extracts, except chestnut; spirits, except 
nitrous ether, ammonia, whiskey, and brandy; wines, except 
white, red, and antimonial. 12. Water generally causes a 
precipitation, when mixed with alcoholic solutions, of free 
alkaloids, alkaloids combined with any of the general alkaloidal 
reagents, glucosides, neutral and bitter principles, salicylic 
acid, benzoic acid, volatile oils, resins, camphors, oleoresins, 
or balsams. 
Alkalies. [See Hydrates, Fixed Alkali, and also 
Hydrates, Volatile Alkali.] The following prepara- 
tions contain an alkali hydrate or carbonate; Ammonia water, 
stronger ammonia water, bismuth and ammonium citrate, fluid 
extracts of glycyrrhiza and senega, saccharated carbonate of 
iron, ammonia liniment, lime liniment, lime water, solution 
of potassium hydrate, solution of potassium arsenite, solution 30 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
of sodium hydrate, mass of carbonate of iron, Griffith’s mix- 
ture, chalk mixture, mixture of rhubarb and soda, pills car- 
bonate of iron, spirit of ammonia, aromatic spirit of ammonia, 
syrup of lime, ammoniated tincture of guaiac, ammoniated 
tincture of valerian, and syrup of rhubarb. 
Alkaloids.—l. Alkaloids combine with mineral acids and 
acetic or citric acids to form salts, which are generally soluble 
in water or alcohol, but insoluble in ether, chloroform, benzol, 
benzin, carbon bisulphide, or oils. 2. Alkaloids combined 
with acids and dissolved in water or very dilute alcohol are 
generally precipitated as free alkaloids by solutions of alkali 
hydrates, alkaline carbonates or bicarbonates, borax and solu- 
ble borates, and sodium phosphate. They are generally pre- 
cipitated in combination with the precipitant by soluble 
salicylates, soluble benzoates, bichromates, iodides, bromides, 
and by the following general alkaloidal reagents: tannic acid, 
picric acid, iodine in a solution of potassium iodide, bromine 
in a solution of potassium bromide, potassium mercuric iodide 
(Mayer’s reagent), potassium bismuthic iodide, potassium 
cadmic iodide, mercuric chloride, platinic chloride, gold 
chloride, phosphomolybdic acid and phosphotungstic acid. 
M. Christiaens says; All salts whose reaction to litmus is 
alkaline, whatever be their chemical function, precipitate the 
alkaloids from their salts. (D. C., XXXVIII. 59.) The free 
alkaloids and the compounds formed by the above-mentioned 
reagents are generally soluble in a mixture containing 50 per 
cent, alcohol. 3. In the presence of gum arable, the alka- 
loids are not precipitated from aqueous solutions of their salts 
by tannic acid, potassium mercuric iodide, or sodium phospho- 
molybdate. (Allen, I. 353-) Starch dissolved by boiling water 
has a similar effect. 4. Some alkaloidal salts are thrown 
out of solution by the presence of very soluble inorganic salts, 
e.g., strychnine hydrochlorate by ammonium chloride. 5. 
Tartaric, oxalic, and phosphoric acids form insoluble com- 
pounds with some alkaloids. 6. Some alkaloids are strong INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
31 
reducing agents; most alkaloids are decomposed by oxidizing 
agents. 7. The free alkaloids are generally insoluble in water, 
except caffeine, codeine, nicotine, and coniine, but are gener- 
ally soluble in alcohol, ether, or chloroform. A few are soluble 
in excess of solutions of fixed alkali hydrates, e.g., morphine; 
a few are soluble in excess of ammonia water, e.g., quinine. 
8. A solution of chloral hydrate dissolves morphine, quinine, 
and many other alkaloids. (U. S. D., 367.) 
Aloinum.— 1. Concentrated solutions of aloin are precipi- 
tated by basic lead acetate (not by the neutral acetate), tannic 
acid, or bromine water. 2, With a solution of ferric chloride 
it gives a green-black color. Ferric chloride is said to pre- 
cipitate all aloins. 3. With alkali hydrates an orange-yellow 
solution is formed, which readily decomposes. 4. Concen- 
trated nitric acid gives a red color with barbaloin or nataloin 
(not with socaloin), and by further action picric and oxalic 
acids are formed. 
Alumen.— 1. Alum in solution is precipitated as aluminum 
hydrate by the alkali hydrates and their carbonates, borax, and 
lime water. 2. With tartaric acid it gives a precipitate of 
potassium bitartrate. 3. The alkali phosphates give the in- 
soluble aluminum phosphate. 4. It has the incompatibilities 
of the soluble sulphates. [See AciDUM SULPHURICUM.] 
Alumini Hydras.—Aluminum hydrate, especially when 
freshly precipitated, removes suspended solid matter and col- 
oring matter in solution from liquids. 
Alumnol.— 1. A solution of alumnol gives a precipitate of 
aluminum hydrate when treated with alkalies, the precip- 
itate being soluble in excess of fixed alkali hydrates. 2. It 
is also precipitated by a solution of albumen or gelatin, 
the precipitate being soluble in excess of these substances. 
3. Silver nitrate is decomposed by it with the separation of 
metallic silver. (Moerk, M. M. R., IV. 266.) 
Ammonii Benzoas. [See soluble benzoates under Aci- 
DUM BENZOICUM, and also AMMONIUM.] 32 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
Ammonii Bromidum. [See soluble bromides under Aci- 
DUM HydrobromicuM, and also AMMONIUM.] 
Ammonii Carbonas.—Ammonium carbonate with calo- 
mel gives a black compound having the following formula: 
NHsHgaCI. With a solution of mercuric chloride it gives a 
white precipitate of ammoniated mercury. It gives no pre- 
cipitate with magnesium salts, except in concentrated solu- 
tions. The precipitate with copper or silver salts is dissolved 
by excess of the carbonate. With these exceptions, ammo- 
nium carbonate acts similarly to potassium or sodium car- 
bonate. [See Carbonates, and also Ammonium.] 
Ammonii Chloridum.—An aqueous solution is decom- 
posed by chlorine, forming hydrochloric acid and explosive 
nitrogen chloride. (M. & M., I. 202.) [See soluble chlo- 
rides under Acidum Hydrochloricum, and also Ammo- 
nium.] 
Ammonii lodidum.—Ammonium iodide very frequently 
contains free iodine, and it would then have the incompati- 
bilities of iodine. [See soluble iodides under AciDUM Hy- 
DRIODICUM, and also AMMONIUM.] 
Ammonii Nitras. [See soluble nitrates under Acidum 
NITRICUM, and also AMMONIUM.] 
Ammonii Phosphas. [See soluble phosphates under 
Acidum Phosphoricum, and also Ammonium.] 
Ammonii Valerianas.—Ammonium valerianate, in con- 
centrated aqueous solution with sulphuric acid, gives an oily 
layer of valerianic acid. [See AMMONIUM.] 
Ammonium.—1. Ammonium compounds, with solutions 
of the fixed alkali hydrates or carbonates, or with the hydrates 
of barium, calcium, or strontium, give free ammonia. 2. Some 
ammonium salts with chlorine gas give explosive nitrogen 
chloride. 3. Some ammonium salts, such as the acetate, 
citrate, and chloride, in aqueous solution may act as solvents 
for otherwise insoluble compounds. [For ammonia water see 
Hydrate, Volatile Alkali.] INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
33 
Amyl Nitris—l. Amyl nitrite is decomposed slowly by 
light and air, becoming acid. (Allen, I. 158.) 2. With alcohol 
or alcoholic preparations, it gradually forms ethyl nitrite and 
amyl alcohol. (U. S. P., 40.) 3. With potassium hydrate it 
forms potassium nitrite and amyl alcohol. (Allen, I. 159.) 
4. Chloroform, morphine, and strychnine are somewhat antag- 
onistic physiologically to amyl nitrite. [See also AciDUM 
NITROSUM.] 
Amylum.— 1. Starch in aqueous solution is precipitated 
by strong alcohol, lime water, tannic acid, or a solution of 
subacetate of lead. 2. Starch with iodine forms the blue- 
black iodide of starch. 3. Bromine colors it yellow. 4. Starch 
in aqueous solution is oxidized by chlorine or bronmie to 
gluconic acid. 5. With solutions containing over five per 
cent, of an alkali hydrate it forms a soluble compound. 
6. Acids gradually change it to dextrin. Diastase has a 
similar action. 
aqueous solution is precipitated by hydrochloric, nitric, or 
stdphuric acid, forming a basic chloride, nitrate, or sulphate of 
antimony. (U. S. D.,177.) 2. Ammonia ox ammonium carbon- 
ate gives a precipitate of the oxide of antimony. (U. S. D., 
177.) 3. Potassium hydrate or carbonate gives, with solutions 
not too dilute, a white precipitate of oxide of antimony. 
4. Lime water throws down a precipitate consisting of the 
mixed tartrates of calcium and antimony. (U. S. D., 177.) 
5. The salts of most metals and earths, being precipitated by 
normal tartrates, are incompatible with tartar emetic. (N. D., 
218.) 6, Strong alcohol throws it out of aqueous solution. 
7. Tannic acid gives a precipitate of tannate of antimony. 
8. In aqueous solution mercuric chloride is reduced to calomel 
by tartar emetic. (M. & M,, IV. 643.) 9. Hydrogen stdphide 
does not precipitate solutions of tartar emetic except they be 
acidulated with a mineral acid. ' 10. Salts of antimony pre- 
cipitate mucilage and albumen. (Scoville, 225.) 
Antimonii et Potassii Tartras.—l. Tartar emetic in 34 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
Antimonii Sulphidum. —i. Triturated with a strong 
oxidizing agent, such as potassium chlorate, sulphide of anti- 
mony may explode. 2. Concentrated nitric acid forms the 
nitrate and sulphate of antimony. 
Antipyrinum. —I. Antipyrin forms salts with acids. (N. 
D., 227.) 2. Antipyrin, with substances containing nitrous 
acid, such as spirit of nitrous ether or amyl nitrite, gives a 
green solution, and on standing there may be formed some 
green crystals if the solution is concentrated. This green 
compound formed is isonitroso-antipyrin. According to 
Sayre (Sayre, p. 518), there is also formed a small amount 
of hydrocyanic acid. 3. A dilute solution of antipyrin and 
sodium nitrate with a little dilute sulphuric acid gives a deep 
green color. (U. S. D., 1021.) 4. A 1 percent, solution 
of antipyrin, with an equal volume of nitric acid, gives a 
yellow solution, passing into a crimson on warming. (U. S. D., 
1021.) 5. With a solution of ferric cldoride it gives a deep 
red color. 6. With a solution of copper sulphate it gives a 
green color. 7. With ferrous sulphate it gives a reddish color, 
probably due to the ferric sulphate present. 8. Syrup iodide 
of iron, free from iodine, soon turns red, and in a few hours 
it gives a reddish-brown precipitate with antipyrin. The 
precipitate, after standing a few days, becomes crystalline, 
and gives comparatively large prismatic or needle-shaped 
crystals of a ruby-red color, 9, A solution of iodine gives 
with a solution of antipyrin a red-brown precipitate, which 
with excess of antipyrin dissolves, and the solution becomes 
colorless. There is probably formed the colorless iodoanti- 
pyrin (iodopyrin). 10. Bromine forms a compound with anti- 
pyrin. 11. Chromic acid gives an orange precipitate. (M. & 
M., 111. 746.) 12. Picric acid precipitates antipyrin from 
solution. 13. An aqueous solution of antipyrin gives a pre- 
cipitate with mercuric chloride, Donovan s solution, tannic acid 
or preparations containing it in considerable amount, and by 
most of the general alkaloidal reagents. [See under Alka- INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
35 
LOIDS.] 14. Crystallized carbolic acid when triturated with 
antipyrin gives an odorless liquid called phenopyrin. On 
mixing aqueous solutions of these two chemicals a tur- 
bidity results, and on allowing the mixture to stand for a few 
hours an oily liquid settles to the bottom. 15. Triturating 
165.5 parts of chloral hydrate with 188 parts of antipyrin 
forms the oily liquid monochloral-antipyrin, from which hypnal 
is obtained by dissolving it in hot water and crystallizing. If 
one half the amount of antipyrin be used, there will be formed 
dichloral-antipyrin. Moderately dilute aqueous solutions of 
antipyrin and chloral hydrate can be mixed without in- 
compatibility. (Squire, 398.) 16. Antipyrin gives a liquid 
or soft mass when triturated with carbolic acid, choral alco- 
holate, pyrocatechin, pyrogallol, resorcin, thymol, or urethane. 
With bromal hydrate, salol, acetamide, or choral hydrate 
it gives a damp powder which quickly dries. It is said 
to give a mass with acetanilid, butyl chloral hydrate, sal- 
icylic acid, or sodium salicylate, but this seems to be a mis- 
take. 17. When antipyrin is rubbed with sodium salicylate 
there is formed after a time a mass or liquid due probably to 
the absorption of moisture from the air. (N. D., 227.) 
In solution they do not act on each other, (Sayre, 518,) 18. 
Antipyrin dissolved in wine causes the gradual precipitation 
of the coloring matter of the wine. (N. D,, 227.) 19. It 
slowly reduces potassium permanganate, precipitating the 
manganese dioxide. 20. Antipyrin increases the solubility 
of caffeine and of quinine salts. (Coblentz, 2d ed., 10.) 21. 
When antipyrin and calomel are triturated together in the 
presence of water, the mixture turns gray, due to metallic 
mercury and mercurous oxide. At the same time mercuric 
chloride is formed. (M. M. R., V. 358-) 22. Antipyrin forms 
a precipitate with cinchona alkaloids which is soluble in weak 
acids. (Extra Pharm., 135.) 23. It is said to be incom- 
patible with lead subacetate, sodium bicarbo?iate, ammonia 36 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
water, alum, hydrocyanic acid, tartar emetic, arsenic, benzoates, 
and iodides. 
Apomorphinas Hydrochloras.— i. An aqueous solution 
of apomorphine hydrochlorate rapidly becomes green in 
color; the exact change which takes place has not been deter- 
mined. 2. An aqueous solution is precipitated by the alkali 
hydrates and carbonates and by lime water as the free alkaloid, 
white at first, but quickly turning green or black. 3. It is 
precipitated by tannic acid, picric acid, and nearly all the 
alkaloidal reagents. [See Alkaloids.] 4. With a concen- 
trated solution of ferric chloride it gives a red precipitate, 
turning black. (Sohn, 68.) According to Morley and Muir 
(M. & M., 111. 440), an amethyst color is produced. 5. Con- 
centrated nitric or sulphuric acid added to the crystals gives 
a red solution. 6. Apomorphine hydrochlorate in aqueous 
solution reduces iodates, permanganates, and silver nitrate. 
7. Strychnine, chloral hydrate, and chloroform are somewhat 
incompatible with it physiologically. 
Aqua.—Water precipitates from their alcoholic solutions 
oils, many free alkaloids or alkaloids combined with general 
alkaloidal reagents, some glucosides, some neutral and bitter 
principles, resinous or fatty matter, inert extractive matter, 
and nearly all compounds which are insoluble in water. 
Aqua Ammonias. [See Hydrates, Volatile Alkali.] 
Aqua Amygdalae Amaras. [See Acidum Hydrocyani- 
CUM and also Benzaldehydum.] If the water is made 
from the artificial oil of almonds, it does not contain hydro- 
cyanic acid. 
Aqua Chlori. [See CHLORUM.] 
Aqua Cinnamomi. [See Oleum Cinnamoml] 
Aquas.—The medicating or flavoring principle in some 
waters is thrown out of solution by dissolving certain very 
soluble inorganic salts in the water; e.g., camphor water gives 
Aqua Creosoti. [See Creosotum.] INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
37 
a precipitate of camphor when potassium bromide is dissolved 
in it. 
Aqua Hydrogenii Dioxidi.—i. A solution of hydrogen 
peroxide generally contains a free mineral acid, which has 
been added to aid preservation. In such a case the solution 
would have the incompatibilities of the acid. 2. Hydrogen 
dioxide slowly undergoes decomposition, liberating oxygen, 
and if the bottle is tightly corked a sufficient pressure may 
be produced to burst the bottle. 3. Hydrogen dioxide is a 
strong oxidizing agent, changing mercurous compounds to 
mercuric, ferrous to ferric, arsenous to arsenic, hypophosphites 
to phosphates, and sulphites to sulphates. 4. With hydrogen 
sulphide sulphur is liberated. 5. lodides are oxidized, liberat- 
ing iodine. 6, Hydrogen peroxide reduces potassium perman- 
ganate, and is itself reduced, the products in a sulphuric acid 
solution being manganous sulphate, potassium sulphate, 
water, and oxygen. 7. It reduces gold, silver, mercuric mer- 
cury, and platinum from their oxides. (P. & J., 212.) 8. 
Chlorine forms hydrochloric acid and oxygen. (M. & M., 11. 
723.) 9. It bleaches litmus and most organic colors. 10. Am- 
monia in solution forms ammonium nitrite. (M. & M., 11. 723.) 
11. Caustic alkalies decompose it, forming oxygen and water, 
12. Hydrogen dioxide oxidizes carbolic acid to pyrocatechin, 
hydroquinone, and quinone. (M. & M., 111. 832,) 13. Some 
substances, such as ammonia, hydrocyanic acid, tobacco, aco- 
nite, and most narcotic substances are unaffected by it, and 
restrain its oxidizing influence on other bodies. (U. S. D., 
213. 14. Hydrogen dioxide coagulates albumen. (U. S. D., 
214. 15. Chromic hydrate in the presence of an alkali 
hydrate is oxidized to a chromate. A chromate in the pres- 
ence of an acid is reduced to a chromic salt. (M. & M., 11. 
723.) 16. Quite a number of substances decompose hydro- 
gen peroxide into water and oxygen while they themselves are 
unaffected. Some examples of these are: charcoal, manga- 38 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
nese dioxide, sodium sulphate, potassium bromide, and potas- 
sium chloride. (M. & M., n. 724.) 
Aqua Lauro-cerasi. [See Acidum Hydrocyanicum.] 
Aqua Mentha Piperitae. [See Oleum Mentha Pipe- 
rita.] 
Aqua Pimentae. [See Oleum Pimenta.] 
Argenti Cyanidum.— 1. Silver cyanide dissolves in am- 
monia zvater, forming a double cyanide of silver and ammo- 
nium. 2. Potassium cyanide forms a double cyanide with it, 
which is soluble. 3. Sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, or 
hydrogen sulphide forms hydrocyanic acid and a sulphate, 
chloride, or sulphide of silver. 
Argenti Nitras.—l. Silver nitrate in aqueous solution is 
precipitated as the gray-brown silver oxide by the hydrates 
of potassium, sodium, and ammonium, the precipitate being 
soluble in excess of ammonia water. 2. The alkali car- 
bonates precipitate the yellowish-white silver carbonate. 3. 
Hydrogen sulphide and alkali sulphides precipitate the black 
silver sulphide. 4. Soluble chlorides precipitate the white 
silver chloride. 5. Soluble arsenites precipitate the yellow 
silver arsenite. 6. Soluble arsenates precipitate the red- 
brown silver arsenate. 7. Sodium phosphate precipitates the 
yellow silver phosphate. 8. Soluble bromides, iodides, 
or cyanides precipitate the silver bromide, iodide, or cyanide. 
9. Chromates precipitate the red-brown silver chromate. 
10. It is reduced to metallic silver by metallic zinc, copper, 
tin, mercury, and lead; by hypophosphites and sulphites; in 
alkaline mixtures, by arsenites, manganous salts, antimonious 
salts; by ferrous sulphate in the cold. 11. Tannic acid pre- 
cipitates the silver tannate. 12. Morphine salts are precipi- 
tated by silver nitrate with a red coloration. 13. Silver 
nitrate in solution is reduced to the metallic condition by 
glucose, volatile oils, aromatic zvaters, tartrates, creosote, and 
many other organic substances, but not generally by alka- 
loids. 14. An alcoholic solution of silver nitrate gradually IN CO MPA TIB ILI TIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
39 
deposits metallic silver. 15. Silver nitrate heated with nitric 
acid and alcohol produces the violently explosive fulminate 
of silver. (N. D. 279.) 
Argenti Oxidum.— 1. Silver oxide readily parts with its 
oxygen, forming explosive mixtures with many substances. 
Triturated dry with sulphur, sidphide of antimony, sulphide of 
arsenic, phosphorus, tannic acid, creosote, and some other 
organic substances, it is liable to explode or cause ignition. 
2. Moist silver oxide decomposes many metallic salts in solu- 
tion, precipitating the metallic hydroxides, e.g., salts of bis- 
muth, copper, iron, and mercury. (M. & M., IV. 470.) 
3. lodine in water forms silver iodide and iodic acid. 4. Cldo- 
rine forms silver chloride and chlorate. 5. A strong solution 
of silver oxide in concentrated ammonia forms the explosive 
silver nitride (Ag3N) on standing or by adding alcohol. (M. & 
M., IV. 470.) 
Aristol.—l. Aristol is decomposed by light and heat, 
liberating iodine. 2. It should not be mixed with bodies 
having a strong affinity for iodine. 
Arseni lodidum.—lodide of arsenic precipitates many 
alkaloids from solution of their salts. Its incompatibilities are 
about the same as those of the soluble iodides and arsenous 
acid. [See Acidum Hydriodicum and AciDUM ARSENO- 
SUM.] It readily undergoes decomposition, liberating iodine, 
and in such condition may have the incompatibilities of 
iodine. [See IODUM.] 
Arsenates. [See Acidum Arsenicum.] 
Arsenites. [See Acidum Arsenosum.] 
Asaprol.—When a neutral solution of quinine sulphate 
or hydrochlorate is poured suddenly into a solution of asaprol, 
there forms on the surface of the liquid a resinous body 
adhering to the walls of the vessel. If the asaprol solution is 
gradually poured into the quinine solution a precipitate forms 
and settles. Merck’s Market Report points out the fact that, 
asaprol being a calcium salt, it has the incompatibilities of 40 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
the calcium salts, and also that it is incompatible with potas- 
sium iodide. (D. C., XXXVIII. 107.) 
Atropina.— 1. Atropine is precipitated from concentrated 
aqueous solutions of its salts as the free alkaloid by alkali 
hydrates and carbonates and by the general alkaloidal reagents, 
except platinic chloride. [See Alkaloids.] 2. By con- 
tinued heating with alkali hydrates, acids, or water, atropine 
is decomposed, forming tropine and tropic acid. 3. Chromic 
acid converts it into benzoic acid. (M. & M., I, 362.) 
4. The substances in the list following are said to be some- 
what incompatible physiologically : Morphine, pilocarpine, 
physostigmine, aconitine, chloral hydrate, hydrocyanic acid, 
muscarine, quinine, bromal hydrate, and phytolacca. (Ph. E., 
XIV. 328.) 
Auri et Sodii Chloridum.—l. Gold and sodium chloride 
precipitates many of the alkaloids from solutions of their 
salts. 2. Potassium iodide added to a solution of gold chlo- 
ride (the latter being in excess) precipitates yellow aurous 
iodide and liberates iodine. But if the solution of gold chlo- 
ride be added to the potassium iodide solution (the latter 
being in excess), there is first formed a dark green solution of 
potassium auric iodide, then a precipitate of auric iodide, 
which is instable, decomposing in pure water, forming aurous 
iodide. (P. & J., 154.) 3. Gold chloride in solution is 
reduced to metallic gold by metallic silver, mercury, copper, 
and iron; by mercurous salts, arsenites, ferrous salts, oxalic 
acid, nitrous acid, hypophosphorous acid, sulphurous acid, and 
many organic substances. (P. & J., 154.) [See soluble chlo- 
rides under ACIDUM HYDROCHLORICUM.] 
Barium.—Barium salts in aqueous solution are precipitated 
by sulphuric acid and soluble sulphates, phosphoric acid and 
soluble phosphates, tartaric acid and soluble tartrates, oxalic 
acid and soluble oxalates, soluble carbonates, soluble chro- 
mates, or tannic acid, the precipitate being barium sulphate, 
phosphate, tartrate, oxalate, carbonate, chromate, or tannate. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
41 
Beberinse Sulphas.—Beberine sulphate in aqueous solu- 
tion is precipitated by soluble tartrates and the alkaloidal 
reagents. [See Alkaloids.] 
Benzaldehydum.— 1. Benzoic aldehyde or synthetic oil 
of bitter almonds is readily oxidized by the air and oxidizing 
agents, forming benzoic acid. 2. With an aqueous or alcoholic 
solution of potassium hydrate it gives benzyl alcohol and 
potassium benzoate. 3. Annnonia zvater converts it into crys- 
talline hydrobenzamide, which is again resolved by acids into 
ammonia and benzoic aldehyde. (Allen, vol. 111. part I. 18.) 
4. Chlorine converts it into benzoyl chloride. 5. Benzaldehyde 
with resorcin, in the presence of hydrochloric acid forms a 
resin. Phenol and pyrbcatcchin act similarly. 6. With an 
aqueous solution of sodium bisulphite a crystalline compound 
is formed. 
Belladonna. [See Atropina.] 
Benzoates. [See under Acidum Benzoicum.] 
Bismuthi et Ammonii Citras.— 1. Citrate of bismuth and 
ammonium in aqueous solution is precipitated by strong acids, 
forming the bismuth citrate. 2, It is not readily precipitated 
by the alkali hydrates, but these on heating liberate the 
ammonia. 
Bismuthi Subgallas.—l. Bismuth subgallate, or derma- 
tol, is decomposed by strong acids. 
Bismuthi Subnitras.— 1. Bismuth subnitrate is converted 
into the hydrate by solutions of the alkali hydrates. 2. In 
the presence of water the alkali carbonates convert it into the 
subcarbonate and liberate carbon dioxide. 3. Tannic acid in 
the presence of water slowly forms the yellow tannate of bis- 
muth. 4. Soluble iodides convert it into bismuth iodide, 
varying in color from a yellow to a steel-gray, depending upon 
the proportion of normal iodide to the basic salt. 5. Salicylic 
acid forms a series of salts with bismuth and nitric acid, vary- 
ing in color from white to reddish orange. (D. C., XXXIX. 9.) 
6. Hypophosphites, in neutral or alkaline mixtures, reduce bis- 42 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
muth subnitrate to a form of bismuth having a quantivalence 
of two. (P. & J., 220.) 7. Chlorine and chlorinated lime in 
alkaline mixtures convert the bismuth into a form having a 
quantivalence of five. 
Borates. [See Acidum Boricum and also Sodii Boras.) 
Bromal Hydras.—Bromal hydrate liquefies with aceta- 
mide, borneol, carbolic acid, exalgin, menthol, pyrocatechin, 
urea, or urethane. With diuretin or methacetin it gives a 
stiff mass, which dries, and with antipyrin it gives a damp 
powder, which dries quickly. 
Bromates. —l. Bromates in aqueous solution with a 
strong mineral acid give, with hypophosphites, phosphates 
and bromine, and then hydrobromic acid; with bromides, 
bromine; with iodides, bromine and iodine. 2. Bromates 
may cause an explosion when triturated dry with iodine, 
sulphur, reduced iron, sulphides, and other substances that 
are easily oxidized. 3. All metallic bromates are soluble in 
water, except silver, mercurous, and lead, which are sparingly 
soluble. They are nearly insoluble in alcohol. 
Bromida. [See soluble bromides under Acidum Hy- 
DROBROMICUM.] 
Bromoformum.— 1. Bromoform turns yellow in the 
light. 2. Potassium hydrate converts it into a chloride and 
a formate of potassium. 3. With alcoholic potash bromo- 
form is decomposed, producing potassium bromide, carbon 
monoxide, ethylene, and water, (Allen, I. 184.) 
Bromum.—1. Bromine with alkali hydrates forms bro- 
mides and bromates. 2. With silver nitrate it forms in- 
soluble silver bromide and bromate. 3. With hydrogen 
sulphide it forms hydrobromic acid and sulphur, and then 
sulphuric acid. 4. With sulphites it forms sulphates and 
bromides. 5. With hypophosphites it forms phosphates and 
bromides. 6. With hydriodic acid it forms iodine and hy- 
drobromic acid. In alkaline mixtures it forms a bromide 
and an iodate. 7. Metallic mercury and mercurous com- INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
43 
pounds are oxidized to mercuric compounds. 8. Arsenitcs 
are converted into arsenates, 9. Ferrous salts are converted 
into ferric salts, and in alkaline mixtures into ferrates. 
10. Bromine bleaches vegetable colors. 11. It combines 
with many fixed oils containing olein, forming addition prod- 
ucts. 12. With turpentine and some other volatile oils it is 
liable to react violently and cause ignition. 13. Bromine in 
water gradually forms hydrobromic acid and oxygen. (M. & 
M,, I. 536,) 14. An alcoholic solution is gradually de- 
colorized, forming hydrobromic acid. 15. Bromine oxidizes 
sugar and mannite, forming oxidized derivatives. (M. & M., 
I. 536.) 16. Hydrogen peroxide evolves oxygen, and hydro- 
bromic acid is formed. (M. & M., I. 536.) 17. Bromine 
colors starch-paste yellow. 
Butyl Chloral Hydras. —l. Butyl chloral hydrate (erro- 
neously called croton chloral) gradually undergoes decomposi- 
tion in aqueous solution. 2. With alkalies it is decomposed, 
producing a formate and propylic chloroform, which splits up 
with the formation of a chloride of the alkali and dichloride 
of allylene. (Allen, I. 176.) 3. It liquefies or gives a soft 
mass when triturated dry with acetamide, carbolic acid, ex- 
algin, menthol, pyrocatechin, or urethane. With antipyrin, 
camphor, or thymol it is said to liquefy, but a powder was 
obtained in each case. 4. Picrotoxin is said to be physio- 
logically incompatible with it, as are atropine, strychnine, 
and caffeine. 
Cadmium.—The soluble cadmium salts in aqueous solu- 
tion are precipitated by the alkali hydrates, forming white 
cadmium hydrate; by alkali carbonates, forming the white 
cadmium carbonate; by the soluble sulphides and hydrosul- 
phuric acid, as the yellow cadmium sulphide; by the alkali 
chromates, as the yellow cadmium chromate; by the soluble 
phosphates, as the white cadmium phosphate. 
Caffeina.—1. Caffeine in moderately dilute solutions is 
not precipitated by the alkali hydrates or carbonates or the 44 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
general alkaloidal reagents, except tannic acid, phosphomolyb- 
dic acid, and mercuric chloride. 2. Warmed with alcoholic 
potassium hydrate, it forms methylamine, carbon dioxide, 
and a little ammonia. (N, D., 362.) 3. The solubility of 
caffeine is increased by the presence of sodium salicylate, 
sodium benzoate, or antipyrin. (Extra Pharm.,B9.) 4. Chlo- 
ral hydrate and physostigmine are somewhat antagonistic to 
caffeine physiologically. 
Calcium.—The soluble calcium salts in concentrated solu- 
tions are precipitated by the fixed alkali hydrates as calcium 
hydrate; by soluble siilphates in not too dilute solutions; by 
soluble carbonates, phosphates, oxalates, or tartrates as calcium 
carbonate, phosphate, oxalate, or tartrate. Soluble citrates 
on heating precipitate the calcium citrate. 
Calcii Bromidum. [See Calcium, and also soluble bro- 
mides under ACIDUM HYDROBROMICUM.] 
Calcii Carbonas. [See Calcium, and also Carbonates.] 
Calcii Hypophosphis.—Excess of sugar throws calcium 
hypophosphite out of solution. (Scoville, 227.) [See Calcium, 
and also soluble hypophosphites under AciDUM HypOPHOS- 
PHOROSUM. j 
Calcii Phosphas.—Calcium phosphate forms soluble com- 
pounds with nearly all acids except those which precipitate 
calcium salts. [See Calcium, and also phosphates under 
Acidum Phosphoricum.] 
Calcii Sulphas.—Calcium sulphate is sparingly soluble in 
water. [See Calcium, also sulphates under Acidum Sul- 
PHURICUM. 
Calx.—Lime combines with water to form calcium hy- 
drate, which has the properties of the fixed alkalies. [See 
Hydrates, Fixed Alkali, and also Calcium.] 
Calx Chlorinata.—Chlorinated lime contains calcium 
hypochlorite, which is very easily decomposed, liberating 
chlorine. [See Chlorum, Calcium, and also soluble chlo- 
rides under ACIDUM HyDROCHLORICUM.] INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
45 
Cambogia.— I. Gamboge gives an orange-red solution 
with a solution of sodium or potassium hydrate. 2. With 
ammonia water it gives a deep red and then a brown solution. 
3. With a solution of ferric chloride it gives a black-brown 
solution. 
Camphora.— 1. Camphor when oxidized by nitric acid 
forms camphoric acid, which is insoluble in water, and cam- 
phoronic acid, which is soluble in water. (M. & M., I. 669.] 
2, With chromic acid it forms camphoronic acid. (M. & M., 
I. 669.) 3. Potassium permanganate in alkaline solution con- 
verts camphor into camphoric acid. (M. & M., 1. 669.) 
4. Bromine unites with it to form the crystallizable instable 
dibromide of camphor, which on heating forms hydrobromic 
acid and monobromated camphor. (Allen, 11. 447.) ,5. With 
iodine it yields a hydrocarbon, ClOH20, carvacrol, dimethylethyl 
benzene, tetramethyl benzene, and traces of ordinary cymene. 
(M. & M., I. 669.) 6. Camphor absorbs hydrocldoric acid, 
sulphur dioxide, and nitric peroxide gases, forming colorless 
liquids which are decomposed on the addition of water. 
(Allen, 11. 446.) 7. Chlorine in alkaline solutions with cam- 
phor forms chlorinated compounds. 8. Hydrochloric acid in 
water splits it up, forming cymene and water, (M. & M., I. 
669.) 9. Camphor produces a liquid when triturated dry 
with about an equal weight of any one of the following sub- 
stances : butyl chloral hydrate, carbolic acid, chloral alcoholate, 
chloral hydrate, euphorin, menthol, naphtol, pyrocatechin, pyro- 
gallol, resorcin, salol, thymol, urethane, monocldoracetic acid, 
or dicldoracetic acid. 10. Camphor does not liquefy when trit- 
urated with acetamide, acetanilid, antipyrin, bromal hydrate, 
diuretin, exalgin, methacetin, naphtalin, phenacetin, salicylic 
acid, sodium phosphate, sodium salicylate, urea, oxalic acid, 
cumarin, or iodoform. 11. Camphor when heated with butyl 
chloral hydrate or with salicylic acid will form a liquid which 
solidifies on cooling. (Extra Pharm., 95.) 
Camphora Monobromata.—l. Monobromated camphor 46 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
with nitric acid forms bromo-nitro-camphor and camphoric 
acid. (M. & M., I. 670.) 2. With alcoholic potash it gives 
camphor. (M. & M., I. 670.} 3. When triturated with car- 
bolic acid, chloral alcoholate, chloral hydrate, euph or in, pyro- 
catechin, salol, or thymol it gives a liquid or soft mass. 
Cannabis Indica.—Water added to an alcoholic extract 
causes the precipitation of a large amount of resinous matter. 
Cantharidin.— 1. Cantharidin combines with alkalies to 
form soluble cantharidates. (Allen, 11. 450.) 2. It is precipi- 
tated from solutions by neutral lead acetate, silver nitrate, 
mercuric chloride, and copper sulphate. 
Carbo.—1. Charcoal absorbs many gases, such as ammo- 
nia, hydrogen sulphide, etc. 2. When mixed with solutions 
it absorbs and removes from solution tannic acid, many alka- 
loids, many glucosidcs, many bitter and odorous principles, 
coloring matter, fusel-oil, iodine, and many metallic salts. 
3. When triturated with oxidizing agents such as potassium 
chlorate, or potassium permanganate, there is danger of an 
explosion. 
Carbonates. —l. Carbonates are decomposed by all com- 
mon acids, except hydrosulphuric and hydrocyanic acids, with 
effervescence due to the formation of carbon dioxide. 2. Solu- 
tions of potassium and sodium carbonates precipitate solu- 
tions of salts of all other common metals; the precipitate is a 
normal carbonate in case of silver, mercurous mercury, cad- 
mium, ferrous iron, manganese, barium, strontium, and cal- 
cium ; it is a hydrate in case of tin, aluminum, ferric iron, 
and chromium; it is an oxide in case of antimony; it is a 
basic carbonate in case of lead, nickel, bismuth, copper, zinc, 
cobalt, and mercuric mercury. 3. Ammonium carbonate 
causes precipitation similar to potassium carbonate, except as 
noted under ammonium carbonate. [See Ammonii Car- 
BONAS.] 4. Potassium, sodium, and ammonium carbonates 
precipitate as free alkaloids many alkaloidal salts from their 
aqueous solutions. 5. In the presence of water bismuth sub- INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
47 
nitrate liberates carbon dioxide from the alkali carbonates. 6. 
Aqueous solutions of acid salts generally cause the formation 
of carbon dioxide when mixed with carbonates. 7, The car- 
bonates of the alkalies are soluble in water. The other 
normal or basic carbonates are insoluble in water although 
many are soluble in excess of carbonic acid, forming bicar- 
bonates. The carbonates are insoluble in alcohol. 
The bicarbonates of the alkalies have about the same 
incompatibilities as the normal carbonates, although they do 
not precipitate as many of the alkaloids. The bicarbonates 
of some of the metals besides the alkalies are soluble in water. 
Catechu. —l. Catechu contains a large percentage of 
tannic acid. [See Acidum Tannicum.] 2. Catechu-tannic 
acid does not precipitate solutions of tartar emetic, but an 
aqueous solution of the acid is precipitated by gelatin, albu- 
men, and dilute sulphuric acid. (M. & M., I. 714.) 3. Catechu- 
tannic acid gives a greenish-black solution or precipitate with 
solutions of ferric salts. 
Cerii Oxalas.—l. Cerium oxalate with alkali hydrates 
slowly forms the cerium hydrate and the oxalate of the alkali. 
2. It dissolves in dilute hydrochloric acid or dilute sulphuric 
acid, and this solution is precipitated by the alkali hydrates 
or carbonates. 
Chinolin. —l. Chinolin turns a reddish-brown color on 
exposure to air. 2. It combines with acids to form salts. 
The salts are decomposed by fixed alkali hydrates, liberating 
chinolin. 3. Chinolin is precipitated by many of the alkaloidal 
reagents, such as iodine, picric acid, mercuric chloride, or 
potassium bichromate. 4. It is oxidized by bleaching-powder 
and other hypochlorites to oxychinolin. 5. Potassium per- 
manganate in alkaline mixtures forms pyridin dicarboxylic 
acid. (M. & M., IV. 380.) 
Choral.—1. Chloral hydrate in aqueous solution slowly 
undergoes decomposition, becoming acid. 2. An aqueous 
solution, with alkaline hydrates, alkaline carbonates, or borax, 48 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
produces chloroform and a formate of the base. 3. With 
alcohol in the presence of water and certain soluble salts, e.g., 
potassium bromide or sodium bromide, chloral hydrate forms 
chloral alcoholate, which may separate as an oily liquid. 
4. Heated with glycerin, it forms chloroform, formic acid, and 
allyl formate. (M, & M., 11, 4.) 5. Potassium permanganate 
oxidizes it, forming chloroform, chlorine, carbon dioxide, and 
oxygen. (M. & M,, 11. 4.) 6. Mercuric oxide decomposes 
chloral, forming COCl2, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. 
(M. & M., 11. 4.) 7. With mercuric nitrate calomel is formed. 
(M. & M., 111. 33.) 8. With potassium cyanide it forms 
dichloracetic acid. (M. & M., 11. 4.) If chloral hydrate and 
potassium cyanide be rubbed together dry in a mortar, chem- 
ical reaction takes place with almost explosive violence, and a 
large amount of white fumes is formed, leaving a brownish 
mass. If the two be powdered separately and mixed lightly, 
the reaction is slower, but a brown mass finally results. 9. A 
solution of chloral hydrate in water dissolves morphine, qui- 
nine, and most alkaloids. (U. S. D., 367.) 10. In aqueous so- 
lution with potassium iodide, chloroform and iodine are formed. 
(M. & M., 11. 2.) 11. Chloral hydrate produces a liquid 
when triturated dry with about an equal weight of acetamide, 
acctanilid, borneol, camphor, monobroniated camphor, carbolic 
acid, diuretin, euphorin, exalgin, lead acetate, menthol, meth- 
acetin, phenacetin, pyrocatechin, salol, sodium phosphate, thymol, 
urea, urethane, benzamide, quinine sulphate, saligenin, or salocoll. 
With antipyrin it gives a damp powder, quickly becoming dry. 
With betanaphtol, bromal hydrate, naphtalin, pyrogallol, resin, 
resorcin, salicylic acid, terpin hydrate, zinc sulphate, or alum, 
it does not liquefy. 12. The physiological incompatibilities 
are caffeine, strychnine, pierotexin, atropine, digitalis, physostig- 
mine, codeine, thebaine, and brucine. (Ph. E., XIV. 328.) 
Chloral Alcoholate.—Choral alcoholate liquefies with 
acetamide, acetanihd, antipyrin, borneol, camphor, camphor 
monobromated, carbolic acid, diuretin, euphorin, exalgin, menthol, INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
49 
methacetin, pyrocatechin, resorcin, salol, thymol, urea, or ure- 
thane. 
Chloralimide.—Chloralimide is decomposed by mineral 
acids, forming the corresponding ammonium salt and chloral. 
(M. M. R., IV. 401.) 
Chloralum Formamidatum. (Chloralamide.)—1. Chlo- 
ral formamide is decomposed by warm water or by alkalies, 
forming chloral hydrate and ammonium formate. (N. D., 
461.) The chloral may be further decomposed by the alka- 
lies, forming chloroform. 2. It reduces silver nitrate. (M. 
M. R., IV. 401.) 
Chlorates.— 1. Chlorates are liable to cause an explosion, 
when triturated dry with sulphur, sulphides, sulphites, cya- 
nides, hyposulphites, hypophosphites, nitrites, reduced iron, 
amorphous phosphorus, iodine, ammonium picrate, tannic 
acid, or substances containing it, gallic acid, carbolic acid, 
oxalic acid, charcoal, sugar, honey, glycerin, starch, lycopo- 
dium, salicylic acid, shellac, or many other oxidizable sub- 
stances. 2. Chlorates with sulphuric acid detonate or ex- 
plode, forming dichlorine tetroxide and a perchlorate. (M. & 
M., 11. 18.) 3. With hydrocldoric acid they form chlorine and 
dichlorine tetroxide (the mixture is called euchlorine), both 
of which substances are liable to form explosive mixtures with 
organic or other easily oxidizable substances. 4. In a dilute 
solution of one of the stronger mineral acids, chlorates form 
with oxalic acid, carbon dioxide, chlorine, and hydrochloric 
acid ; with hypophosphites, phosphoric and hydrochloric acids ; 
with hydrogen sulphide, hydrochloric acid and sulphur, and then 
sulphuric acid; with sulphites, hydrochloric and sulphuric 
acids; with bromides, hydrochloric acid and bromine; with 
iodides, hydrochloric acid and iodine, which is further oxidized 
to iodic acid; arsenites become arsenates; merc2irous com- 
pounds become mercuric; ferrous compounds become ferric. 
5. The metallic chlorates are soluble in water, and are gener- 
ally soluble in alcohol, except potassium. 50 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
Chlorida. [See chlorides under AciDUM Hydrochlor- 
ICUM.] 
Chlorum.— I. Chlorine with a solution of a fixed alkali 
hydrate forms a chloride and a chlorate of the alkali. 2. With 
lime water it forms calcium hypochlorite. 3. With ammonia 
water it forms ammonium chloride. 4. With some salts of 
ammonium chlorine is liable to form the explosive nitrogen 
chloride. 5. Chlorine water precipitates solutions of salts of 
lead, mercurous mercury, and silver as chlorides. 6. Chlorine 
water after standing a time forms hydrochloric acid. 7. Chlo- 
rine is a strong oxidizing agent, and is itself reduced to hydro- 
chloric acid or a chloride by the agents which it oxidizes. 
With iodides it forms iodine and then iodic acid, and in the 
presence of an alkali a periodate ; with bromides it forms 
bromine, and in alkaline mixtures a bromate ; with oxalic 
acid carbon dioxide is formed; with hypophosphites phos- 
phates are formed ; with hydrogen sulphide it forms sul- 
phuric acid ; mercurous, arsenous, and ferrous compounds are 
changed to mercuric, arsenic, and ferric compounds in either 
acid or alkaline mixtures. 8. Chlorine bleaches indigo, lit- 
mus, and other vegetable colors. 9. It oxidizes most all organic 
matter. 10. Chlorine is rapidly absorbed by alcohol. [See 
ALCOHOL, No. 5.] 11. Chlorinated lime is liable to cause 
an explosion when triturated with glycerin (unless diluted 
with water), fats, oils, and iodides. (A. P. A., XLIII. 525.) 
Cinchona.—1. Cinchona contains a sufficient amount of 
tannic acid to make its preparations incompatible with many 
metallic salts and other compounds. [See Acidum Tanni- 
CUM.] 2. The tannic acid gives a color varying from a brown 
to a blackish green with solutions of ferric salts. 3. The 
cinchona alkaloids in solution form compounds with the gen- 
eral alkaloidal reagents [see under Alkaloids], which com- 
pounds are nearly insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol. 
[See Quinina.] 
Chromates. [See under Acidum Chromicum.] INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
51 
Cocaina.— 1. Cocaine is precipitated from aqueous solu- 
tions of its salts by the reagents that usually precipitate 
alkaloids. [See ALKALOIDS.] 2. Cocaine is quite easily de- 
composed by strong acids, strong solutions of alkali hydrates, 
or by hot water, forming methyl alcohol, benzoic acid, and 
eegonine. 3. Mixed with calomel in the presence of moisture, 
cocaine hydrochlorate turns the mixture gray or even black, 
due probably to the reduction of some of the calomel to metal- 
lic mercury, while at the same time some mercuric chloride is 
formed. The mercuric chloride then combines with the 
cocaine to form an insoluble compound. 4. Morphine, chloral 
hydrate, amyl nitrite, caffeine, digitalis, and alcohol are physio- 
logically antagonistic to cocaine. 
Citrates. [See Acidum Citricum.] 
Codeina.— 1. Codeine (free alkaloid) in aqueous solution 
is not precipitated by alkaline carbonates (Sohn, 71), but is 
precipitated by most of the other general alkaloidal precipi- 
tant s. [See Alkaloids.] 2. Codeine in aqueous solution 
gives a precipitate with solutions of salts of iron, copper, lead, 
and some other metals. (N. D., 515.) This is probably due 
to the fact that it is alkaline in reaction, and one of the most 
soluble of the non-volatile alkaloids. 3. With some ammo- 
nium salts, as ammonium chloride, codeine liberates ammonia. 
(N. D., 515.) 4. If codeine is added to a solution of a mor- 
phine salt, morphine is precipitated. (N. D., 515.) 5. Nitric 
acid gives a yellow solution with codeine. (U. S. P., 96.) 6. 
Concentrated sulphuric acid, with nitric acid or with ferric 
chloride, gives a blue color with codeine. (Sohn, 72.) 
Colchicina.— 1. Colchicine is darkened by exposure to 
light. 2. It is precipitated from aqueous solution by most of 
the general alkaloidal reagents, unless the solution is quite 
weak. 3. Colchicine is readily decomposed by strong acids 
or strong solutions of alkalies, forming colchiceine. 4. Most 
of its salts are decomposed by water. (M. & M., 11. 234.) 5. 
Nitric acid gives a blue to a violet color, turning brown and 52 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
then yellow. (Sohn, 42.) 6. Acids generally give a yellow 
color. 
Collodium.—Collodion is gelatinized by carbolic acid (not 
by creosote). (U. S. P., 9.) [See Pyroxylinum.] 
Coniina.—l. Coniine becomes yellow and resinoid on 
keeping. (Allen, 111. part 11. 172,) 2. It is not precipitated 
by the alkali hydrates or carbonates, but is by the generalalka- 
loidal reagents, except platinum chloride. [See Alkaloids.] 
3. Coniine coagulates albumen. (U. S. D., 441.) 4. It pre- 
cipitates the salts of aluminum, copper, zinc, manganese, iron, 
and silver. (U. S. D., 441.) 5- It forms butyric acid when 
treated with chromic acid. (Allen, 111. part 11. 173.) 6. An 
alcoholic solution of iodine with coniine gives a brown precip- 
itate, which afterwards disappears, and the liquid becomes 
colorless. [M. & M., 11. 246.) 
Copaiba.— 1. Copaiba, with the hydrates of the alkalies or 
alkaline earths, forms saponaceous compounds, in which the 
resin acts the part of an acid. [U. S. D., 445.] 2. With one 
sixteenth of its weight of magnesia which has been dampened 
with water, the resin of the copaiba combines slowly to form 
a solid mass. A similar change is produced by calcium 
hydrate. (U. S. D., 445-) 
Creosotum.— 1. Creosote reduces some of the inorganic 
salts, such as salts of silver, gold, and copper, to the metallic 
state. 2. If mixed suddenly or triturated dry with strong ox- 
idising agents, it is liable to cause an explosion. 3. It precip- 
itates solutions of gum and albumen (not gelatin or collodion). 
4. Creosote, with solutions of ferric salts, gives a violet-blue 
color, changing to a greenish-brown, and, unless in very dilute 
solution, a brown precipitate is formed. An alcoholic solution 
of creosote with an alcoholic solution of ferric chloride gives a 
bluish-green color. (U. S. D., 450.) 5. Triturated with silver 
oxide, an explosion is liable to take place. 6. With con- 
centrated nitric acid reddish fumes of the oxides of nitrogen 
o 
are given off. With dilute nitric acid a brown resin is INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
53 
formed. (U. S. D., 450.) 7. With concentrated sulphuric 
acid it gives a red color, becoming black on addition of more 
acid. 
Creta Praeparata. [See Calcium, and also Car- 
bonates.] 
Cupri Sulphas.— 1. Copper sulphate is precipitated by the 
fixed alkali hydrates as blue cupric hydrate, which on stand- 
ing becomes basic and black. This precipitation is more or 
less prevented by tartrates, citrates, salicylates, sugar, milk 
sugar, and certain other organic substances. 2. Ammonia 
water precipitates the cupric hydrate and in excess dissolves 
the precipitate, forming an intense blue solution of double 
salts. This solution dissolves cotton, filter-paper, and other 
forms of cellulose. 3. Ammonium carbonate, like ammonia 
water, precipitates the copper and redissolves it, forming a 
blue solution. 4. The carbonates of the fixed alkali metals pre- 
cipitate the copper as a basic carbonate of variable composi- 
tion. 5. Copper sulphate with hydrogen sulphide or soluble 
sulphides forms the black insoluble copper sulphide. 6. In 
neutral solutions the soluble phosphates give a bluish-white 
precipitate of copper phosphate. 7. Arsenites in neutral solu- 
tion give a green precipitate of copper arsenite. 8. Soluble 
iodides reduce and precipitate copper sulphate as cuprous 
iodide (Cu2I 2), iodine being liberated. 9. In alkaline mix- 
tures cupric compounds are reduced to cuprous oxide by 
arsenous acid, glucose, and many other organic compounds. 
Cyanida. [For cyanides, see under Acidum Hydro- 
CYANICUM.] 
Decocta.—The incompatibilities of decoctions are similar 
to those of infusions. [See INFUSA.] 
Digitalis.—l. Digitalin is precipitated from solutions by 
tannic acid and chloride of gold (not by most of the other al- 
kaloidal reagents). (Sohn, 49.) 2. With iiitric acid digitalin 
gives at first a colorless solution, changing to a yellow or a 
green, (Sohn, 50.) 54 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
Digitonin is precipitated from aqueous solutions by am- 
monia, tannic acid, or lead acetate. (Sohn, 50.) 
All of the principles of digitalis are quite easily decomposed 
by strong acids or alkalies. The substances that are incom- 
patible physiologically are aconite, scoparin, strychnine, mus- 
carine■, chloral hydrate, and nitroglycerin. 
Diuretin.— 1. Sodio-theobromine salicylate in aqueous 
solution is strongly alkaline, and is decomposed by all acids, 
even the carbon dioxide in the air, with precipitation of theo- 
bromine. (Moerk, M. M. R., IV. 401.) 2. Diuretin is incom- 
patible with bicarbonates, borates, and phosphates. (M. M. 
R., IV. 401.) 3. It has the incompatibilities of salicylic acid 
and of theobromine. [See Acidum SALICYLICUM, and also 
THEOBROMINE.] 4. Diuretin forms a liquid or soft mass 
with carbolic acid or chloral hydrate. With bromal hydrate, 
pyrocatechin, chloral alcoholate, or pyrogallol it gives a stiff 
mass, which dries. 
Elaterinum.—1. Elaterin combines with the alkali hy- 
drates to form compounds soluble in water, from which solu- 
tion acids precipitate the elaterin. 
Emulsa.—Emulsions are broken up by substances which 
precipitate the emulsifying agent. [For emulsions made 
with gum arabic, see Acacia.] 
Ergota.—The active principles of ergot are generally pre- 
cipitated by tannic acid, potassium mercuric chloride, and 
some of the other general alkaloidal reagents. 
Eucalyptol.—Eucalyptol is oxidized to cineolic acid by 
potassium permanganate. (M. & M., 11. 526,) 
Eugenol.—l. Eugenol is oxidized to vanillin by potas- 
sium permanganate. 2. Bromine forms dibromo-eugenol. 
3. Alkalies unite with it to form soluble salts. (Coblentz, 36.) 
4. Ferric chloride colors its alcoholic solution blue. (M. & M., 
11. 526). 
Euphorin.—Phenyl urethane liquefies when triturated with 
antipyrin. If it be first triturated with sugar, it can then be INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
55 
mixed with antipyrin and dispensed as a powder. (Moerk, M. 
M. R., IV, 401.) It makes a liquid or soft mass with anti- 
pyrin, borneol, bromal hydrate, camphor, monobromated cam- 
phor, carbolic acid, cldoral alcoholate, chloral hydrate, exalgin, 
menthol, pyrocatechin, resin, resorcin, •?#/<?/, thymol, or urethane. 
Europhen. —l. Europhen yields iodine to metallic salts. 
(Coblentz, 37.) 2. It is decomposed by heat, light, water, 
or alkalies, liberating iodine. (N. D., 879.) 3. It should 
not be combined with starch. (Extra Pharm., 244.) 
Exalgin.—Exalgin gives a liquid or soft mass when tritu- 
rated dry with bromal hydrate, butyl chloral hydrate, carbolic 
acid, chloral alcoholate, chloral hydrate, euphorin, menthol, 
naphtol, pyrocatechin, pyrogallol, resorcin, salicylic acid, salol, 
thymol, or urethane. 
Ferropyrin.—Alkali hydrates, carbonates, or bicarbon- 
ates precipitate ferric hydrate from solutions of ferropyrin. 
(Coblentz, 37.) 
Ferri Phosphas Solubilis.— 1. The soluble phosphate of 
iron is a mixture of ferric phosphate and sodium citrate. It 
is the presence of the sodium citrate that renders the ferric 
phosphate soluble in water. When a dilute mineral acid 
is added to a solution of a mixture of these compounds, the 
sodium citrate is decomposed and the ferric phosphate is pre- 
cipitated. 2. In aqueous solution, the soluble phosphate of 
iron is precipitated by sodium or potassium hydrate as ferric 
hydrate. [See FERRICUM, and also AciDUM PHOSPHOR- 
ICUM.] 
Ferri Pyrophosphas Solubilis.— 1. This is a mixture 
consisting of ferric pyrophosphate and sodium citrate, and it 
is the presence of the latter salt that makes the former salt 
soluble in water. A weak mineral acid precipitates ferric 
pyrophosphate from an aqueous solution of the soluble pyro- 
phosphate of iron by decomposing the sodium citrate. 2. In 
aqueous solution the soluble pyrophosphate with potassium 
or sodium hydrate gives the red-brown ferric hydrate. [See 56 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS, 
FERRICUM, and also pyrophosphoric acid under AciDUM 
Phosphoricum.] 
Ferri Sulpas.—Ferrous sulphate nearly always contains 
some ferric sulphate, and consequently has the incompatibili- 
ties of ferric salts. [See FERROSUM, FERRICUM, and also 
soluble sulphates under AciDUM SULPHURICUM.] 
Ferrum.—1. Reduced iron combines with acids to form 
salts. 2. It is oxidized by the air in the presence of moist- 
ure. 3. It reduces to the metallic condition salts of copper, 
bismuth, lead, silver, mercuricum, mercurosum, and antimony 
in the presence of water, while the iron is oxidized to ferrous 
or ferric compounds. 4. Triturated dry with strong oxidizing 
agents such as potassium permanganate ox potassium chlorate, 
it is liable to cause an explosion. 5. Iron decomposes a 
solution of hydrogen dioxide, forming ferric hydrate. (M. & 
M., 111. 52.) 
Ferrosum.— 1. Ferrous salts in aqueous solution are pre- 
cipitated by the alkali hydrates as the white ferrous hydrate, 
quickly changing to ferroso-ferric hydrate, which is of a dirty 
green to a black color. This precipitate ultimately oxidizes 
to a ferric hydrate or oxide of reddish-brown color. Am- 
monium chloride or sulphate, sugar, glycerin, and many 
organic acids dissolve the ferrous hydrate or prevent its pre- 
cipitation. 2, The soluble carbonates precipitate the ferrous 
carbonate, white K purely ferrous, but quickly becoming 
green and ultimately red-brown, due to the formation of ferric 
hydrate. 3. The soluble phosphates precipitate the ferrous 
phosphate, white to a bluish white. 4. The alkali sulphides 
(not hydrogen sulphide) precipitate the black ferrous sulphide. 
5. Ferrocyanides precipitate a ferrous ferrocyanide, light blue. 
6. Ferricyanidcs precipitate the dark blue ferrous ferricyanide. 
7. Tannic acid with purely ferrous salts gives a white gelati- 
nous ferrous tannate. This quickly oxidizes, forming a blue- 
black ferric tannate. Ferrous salts generally contain enough 
of a ferric salt to give a dark color at once. 8. Ferrous salts INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
57 
in solution are oxidized to ferric salts by salts of gold or silver, 
by hydrogen dioxide, by chromates or permanganates, by 
nitrous or nitric acids, by chlorine or chlorates in acid solu- 
tion, by bromine or bromates in acid solution, by iodates in 
acid mixture, by merciLric compounds in alkaline mixture, by 
arsenates in alkaline mixture, and by the oxygen of the air. 
9. The alkaline citrates in solution modify the astringent 
effects of ferrous salts and dissolve many of the salts not 
soluble in water. 
Ferricum.— 1. Ferric salts in solution are precipitated 
by the alkali hydrates and carbonates as ferric hydrate, red- 
brown. This is more or less prevented by sugar, glycerin, 
acacia, citrates, tartrates, and other organic compounds. 
2. Solutions of the alkali phosphates precipitate from neutral 
solutions of ferric salts the ferric phosphate. This is pre- 
vented by citrates, tartrates, and free acids. Phosphoric acid 
decolorizes solutions of ferric chloride due to the formation 
of the colorless ferric phosphate. Phosphoric acid, in suffi- 
cient amount to convert all of the iron into ferric phosphate, 
decomposes the tannate of iron, destroying the black color. 
3. The alkali sulphides precipitate the black ferrous sulphide 
after reducing the ferric compound to ferrous, and liberating 
sulphur. Hydrogen sulphide reduces ferric salts, but does not 
cause a precipitation, except of sulphur. 4. Soluble cyanides 
precipitate the neutral solutions of ferric salts as ferric hydrate 
with evolution of hydrocyanic acid. 5- Ferrocyanides precip- 
itate the blue ferric ferrocyanide (Prussian blue). 6. Ferri- 
cyanides give a brown solution with solutions of ferric salts. 
7. Acetates give a deep dull red liquid with solutions of ferric 
salts, due to the formation of ferric acetate. This solution on 
heating gives a precipitate of basic ferric acetate. 8. Sul- 
phites give a red solution of ferric sulphite, which changes to 
ferrous sulphate and the solution becomes nearly colorless. 
9. Formic acid and me conic acid give red solutions with ferric 
salts. 10. Benzoates in neutral solutions of ferric salts give 58 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN P RES CP IP TIONS. 
the flesh-colored precipitate of ferric benzoate. 11. The 
insoluble carbonates of barium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, 
and copper, when mixed with solutions of ferric salts, pre- 
cipitate the ferric hydrate. 12. Ferric salts in slightly acid 
solutions are reduced to ferrous compounds by hydrogen sul- 
phide and the alkali sulphides, by hypophosphites, by sulphites, 
and by hyposulphites. 13. Hydriodic acid or soluble iodides, 
with a mineral acid reduce ferric salts to ferrous compounds, 
and iodine is liberated. 14. The official tannic acid gives a 
blue-black precipitate of ferric tannate. Some tannic acids 
give a green-black precipitate with solutions of ferric salts. 
15. Gallic acid gives a bluish-black precipitate. 16. With 
solutions of salicylates ferric salts give a bluish-violet to a 
violet-red solution. In concentrated or neutral solutions 
ferric salicylate may be precipitated. 17. With carbolic acid 
in dilute solutions ferric salts give a violet-blue solution. 
This is prevented by acetic acid or alcohol. (M. M., ill. 
831.) 18. With creosote solutions of ferric salts give a blue- 
violet color, changing to a greenish-brown. 19. A solution of 
ferric chloride with morphine or its salts in nearly neutral mix- 
ture gives a blue coloration, changing to a dirty green; with 
antipyrin it gives a deep red solution; with guaiacol, a violet 
solution, changing to a green; with resorcin, a violet; with 
salol, a violet; with oil of wintergreen, a violet; with oil of 
cloves, bay, or pimenta, a blue to a green ; with oil of cinnamon, 
a brown ; with oil of thyme, a green-brown, changing to a red ; 
with aloin, a green; with guaiac, a blue to a green; with an 
alcoholic solution of benzoin, a dark green; with an alcoholic 
solution of gamboge, a black; with an alcoholic solution of 
balsam of Peru, a black; with an alcoholic solution of shellac, 
a black; and with apomorphine, a red, changing to a black. 
20. Solutions of ferric salts gelatinize solutions of acacia (pre- 
vented by large excess of free acid) and break up emulsions 
made with acacia. 21. They coagulate solutions of albumen. 
Formaldehydum.— 1. Formalin (formic aldehyde), with INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
59 
dilute solutions of the hydrates of the alkalies or alkaline 
earths, is converted into methylenenitan and formose, 
(Richter, 192.) 2. Hydrogen sulphide precipitates it as tri- 
thiomethylene. (Richter, 192.) 3, Ammonia unites to form 
hexamethyleneamine. (Richter, 192.) 4. Formaldehyde is a 
strong reducing agent, reducing salts of gold and alkaline 
solutions of salts of silver and copper. 5. It is incompatible 
with alkaline bisulphites and with phenylhydrazin. (Moerk, 
M, M. R., iv. 401.) 6. It precipitates a solution of gelatin. 
(D. C., xxxix. 105.) 
Galla. [See Acidum Tannicum.] 
Gallates. [See Acidum Gallicum.] 
Gelatinum.—Solutions of gelatin are precipitated by 
tannic acid, alcohol, mercuric chloride, picric acid, meta- 
phosphoric acid (not by ortho- or pyrophosphoric acids), 
chlorine water, platinic chloride, potassium ferrocyanide, 
alumnol, or formic aldehyde. The aqueous solutions of 
gelatin are not precipitated by dilute acids, alum, acetate of 
lead, ferric chloride, or the mineral salts generally. 
Glonoinum.— 1. Nitroglycerin explodes violently on per- 
cussion. 2. When impure, it gradually decomposes, forming 
glyceric, oxalic, and nitrous acids. (M, & M., 11. 619.) 
3. Alkalies or their carbonates decompose it when dissolved 
in alcohol, forming a nitrite, nitrate, acetate, oxalate, and a 
formate. (M. & M., 11. 619.) Alkalies convert it into glycerin 
and nitric acid. (Richter, 454.) 4. Hydrochloric acid dzcom- 
poses it. (M. & M., 11. 619.) 5. Hydriodic acid decomposes 
it, forming glycerin and nitric oxide. (M, & M., 11. 619.) 
Glucosides.— 1. Glucosides are decomposed by prolonged 
contact with mineral acids, alkalies, hot water, or ferments. 
Some glucosides may be decomposed by one of these agents, 
other glucosides by two or more of the agents. One of the 
products formed is glucose. 2. Tannic acid or a solution of 
lead subacetate generally precipitates the glucosides from thei: 
aqueous solutions. 3. The glucosides are not usually precipi- INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
tated by the alkali hydrates or carbonates nor by many of 
the general alkaloidal reagents. 4. Many of them give color 
reactions resembling those produced by the alkaloids. 
Glycerinum.— 1. Glycerin with borax in water forms 
glycerol borate and sodium metaborate. The glycerol borate 
is decomposed by water, forming boric acid and glycerin. In 
consequence of the formation of free acid, this mixture is 
incompatible with carbonates, but generally compatible with 
solutions of alkaloidal salts where borax alone would cause a 
precipitation. Glucose, honey, and some other organic com- 
pounds act like glycerin. 2. Strong nitric acid mixed with 
concentrated sulphuric acid converts glycerin into the explo- 
sive nitroglycerin. 3. When glycerin is carefully treated with 
nitric acid, it is converted into a mixture of oxalic acid, 
glyceric acid, and other organic acids. (Allen, 11. 278.) 
4. Gently heated with solid potassium hydrate, glycerin is 
converted into potassium acetate and formate, with evolution 
of hydrogen. (Allen, 11. 278.) 5. An alkaline solution of 
potassium permanganate oxidizes glycerin to oxalic and car- 
bonic acids. (Allen, 11. 278.) If the solution of permanganate 
be weak, formic acid, propionic acid, and traces of tartronic 
acid are formed. (M. & M., 11. 618.) 6. Other oxidizing 
agents, such as chromates, chlorinated lime, and manganese 
dioxide, with hydrochloric acid convert glycerin into oxalic 
and carbonic acids. 7. Concentrated sulphuric acid with 
glycerin forms acrolein. 8. Warming glycerin with dilute 
nitric acid may cause a violent reaction. (M. & M., 11, 617,) 
9. With the alkaline earths or oxide of lead glycerin yields 
compounds which are soluble in water, and the solutions of 
which are not decomposed by carbonic acid. (Allen, 11. 278.) 
10. When glycerin is heated with acids, one or more acid 
radicals usually displace its hydroxylic hydrogen. (M. &. M., 
11.617.) ll* Glycerin prevents the precipitation of solutions 
of salts of some metals by the alkali hydrates and other 
reagents. 12. Glycerin dissolves deliquescent salts and in- INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
creases the solubility of many organic and inorganic com- 
pounds. 13. Glycerin sometimes precipitates alkaloidal salts 
from their aqueous solutions. (U. S. D., 653.) 14. With 
many of the fixed oils it does not make clear solutions. 
15. Glycerin is frequently contaminated with iron from the 
container, and this may give a color with carbolic acid, 
tannic acid, etc. (A. P. A., XLVIII. 531.) 
Glycyrrhizinum Ammoniatum—l. Ammoniated glycyr- 
rhizin in aqueous solution is decomposed and the glycyrrhizic 
acid precipitated by mineral acids. 2, With solutions of 
salts of most heavy metals it gives voluminous precipitates. 
(N. D., 788.) 3. Fixed alkali hydrates liberate ammonia 
from it. 
Guaiaci Resina.— 1. An alcoholic solution of the resin 
of guaiac is colored blue by nitric acid, chromic acid, chlorine, 
potassium ferricyanide, potassium permanganate, ferric chloride, 
gold chloride, ozone, spirit of nitrous ether, and other oxidizing 
agents. Exposure to light or heat is said to deprive the 
tincture of guaiac of the property of being turned blue by 
ozone. (M. & M., 11. 652.) 2, Both the resin and its alco- 
holic solution turn green in the light. 3. Sulphuric acid dis- 
solves it, forming a red solution. (M, & M., 11. 652,) 4. The 
tincture affords blue, green, and brown precipitates with the 
mineral acids. (U. S. D., 670.) 5. Either in substance or 
tincture, guaiac gives a blue color to gluten, mucilage of acacia, 
and milk. (U. S. D., 670.) 
Guaiacolum.—The incompatibilities are similar to those of 
creosote. [See CREOSOTUM.] It combines with many acids 
to form crystalline compounds. With ferric chloride it gives 
at first a blue color, changing to a green on adding more 
ferric chloride. (N. D., 79^0 
Homatropina.—The incompatibilities are similar to those 
of atropine. [See Atropine.] 
Hydrargyri Chloridi Corrosivi.— 1. Mercuric chloride in 
aqueous solution is precipitated by solutions of fixed alkali 62 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
hydrates or lime water. The precipitate is the red-brown 
basic chloride of mercury if the mercuric chloride is in ex- 
cess. If the alkali is in excess the orange-yellow mercuric 
oxide will be formed. 2. Ammonia water produces the 
“white precipitate,” or “ ammoniated mercury,” nitrogen 
dihydrogen mercuric chloride. 3. Ammonium carbonate acts 
like ammonium hydrate. 4. Potassium carbonate or sodium 
carbonate precipitates solutions of mercuric chloride as an 
oxychloride, red-brown, which by excess of the carbon- 
ates with heat is converted into the yellow mercuric oxide. 
5. Hydrogen sulphide and the alkali sulphides with solutions 
of mercuric chloride give mercuric sulphide. The precipi- 
tate first formed is white, and consists of the union of mercuric 
chloride and mercuric sulphide. By further addition of the 
precipitating agent the black mercuric sulphide is formed. 
(P. & J., no.) 6. The soluble iodides precipitate solutions 
of mercuric chloride as mercuric iodide, first reddish yellow, 
becoming red. This precipitate dissolves in excess of the 
soluble iodide or excess of mercuric chloride, forming double 
compounds. If potassium iodide has been used in excess, 
the double compound is approximately represented by the 
formula (KI)2HgI2. A solution of this double salt is known 
as “Mayer’s reagent,” and precipitates nearly all alkaloids 
from aqueous solutions of their salts; the presence of alcohol 
prevents to some extent this precipitation. 7. The soluble 
bromides precipitate from concentrated solutions of mercuric 
chloride the white mercuric bromide, which is soluble in 
excess of the soluble bromide or in excess of mercuric 
chloride. 8. Soluble phosphates precipitate from neutral solu- 
tions of mercuric chloride the white mercuric phosphate. 
9. A solution of albumen is coagulated by mercuric chloride; 
this is prevented to some extent by the presence of sodium 
or ammonium chloride. 10. Mercuric chloride precipitates 
from aqueous solution nearly all alkaloidal salts, some neutral 
and bitter principles, some glucosidcs, tannic acid, vegetable INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
63 
£xtractive matter, tartar emetic, and gelatin. 11. Hypophos- 
phorous acid and hypophosphites in presence of acids or fixed 
alkalies reduce mercuric chloride to mercurous chloride, and 
finally metallic mercury. 12. Sulphurous acid slowly reduces 
mercuric chloride to mercurous chloride. 13, Mercuric chlo- 
ride is reduced by metallic copper, zinc, or iron, in the presence 
of water, to calomel, and then metallic mercury. 14. In alka- 
line mixtures arsenous and antimonious compounds reduce the 
mercuric chloride to a mercurous compound and then metallic 
mercury, and form arsenates and antimoniates. 15. Ferrous 
compounds in alkaline mixture with mercuric compounds are 
oxidized to ferric compounds, and reduce the mercuric to 
mercurous compounds. 16. Mercuric chloride is slowly re- 
duced to calomel by alcohol. (M. & M., I. 98.) 17. Corrosive 
sublimate is reduced to calomel by formic acid. 18. Accord- 
ing to MM. Mialhe and Lepage, corrosive sublimate is slowly 
converted into calomel by compound syrup of sarsaparilla and 
by honey, but not by pure syrup. (U. S. D., 689.) Dr. S. 
Kennedy has proven that when mercuric chloride is pre- 
scribed with the compound syrup of sarsaparilla precipitation 
invariably occurs, and that this precipitation is retarded by 
sodium chloride. (U. S. D., 689.) 19. With many carbon 
compounds mercuric chloride forms mercurous chloride and 
hydrochloric acid. (M. & M., 111. 217.) [See chlorides under 
Acidum Hydrochloricum.] 
Hydrargyri Chloridum Mite.— 1. Calomel is changed to 
the black mercurous oxide by a solution of the hydrates of 
potassium, sodium, calcium, or barium. 2. Calomel with 
ammonia water forms the black compound nitrogen dihydro- 
gen mercurous chloride. 3. Ammonium carbonate acts like 
the ammonium hydrate. 4. Solutions of carbonates of the 
fixed alkalies convert calomel into a black mass, probably a 
mixture of the basic carbonate and oxide. 5. The soluble 
iodides in the presence of water convert calomel into the yel- 
low mercurous iodide, which is further decomposed by an 64 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
excess of the soluble iodide, forming metallic mercury and 
mercuric iodide. This mercuric iodide combines with the 
soluble iodide to form a double compound, soluble in water. 
The presence of a little metallic mercury gives a green color 
to mercurous iodide. The color of the solid matter becomes 
more gray or black as the amount of metallic mercury in- 
creases and the mercurous iodide decreases. 6. Soluble bro- 
mides act similarly to the soluble iodides. 7. Alkali cyanides 
in aqueous solution and also hydrocyanic acid convert calomel 
into metallic mercury and mercuric cyanide and chloride. 
8. According to M. Mialhe, calomel is in part converted into 
corrosive sublimate and metallic mercury by ammonium chlo- 
ridc and by sodium and potassium chlorides at the temperature 
of the body. (U. S. D., 695.) 9. According to Jolly, corro- 
sive sublimate is formed from calomel in the presence of hydro- 
chloric acid, citric acid, alkalies and their carbonates, alka- 
line earths, and impure sugar. (N, D., 827.) 10. Bicarbonate 
of sodium with calomel produces corrosive sublimate very 
slowly; the change does not occur within four to six weeks 
ordinarily. (Scoville, 229.) 11. Calomel with alkali sulphites 
in solution separates metallic mercury, and a double sulphite 
of the alkali and mercury goes into solution. (M. & M., 111. 
216.) 12. Solutions of hydrogen sulphide or the alkali sul- 
phides convert calomel into the black mercurous sulphide. 
13. lodine converts calomel into mercuric iodide and mercuric 
chloride in the presence of water or alcohol. 14. Exposed to 
sunlight, calomel darkens, due to the separation of metallic 
mercury. (M. & M., 111. 216.) 15. Calomel is reduced to 
metallic mercury by nitrous acid, hypophosphorous acid, and in 
alkaline mixtures by arsenites, chromic salts, or antimonious 
salts. 16. Mercurous chloride is oxidized to mercuric com- 
pounds by nitric, nitrohydrochloric, chloric, and bromic acids, 
by chlorine, bromine, iodine, hydrogen peroxide, and in alkaline 
mixtures by silver salts. 17. Boiling hydrochloric acid con- 
verts calomel partly into mercuric chloride and partly into INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
65 
metallic mercury; if dilute hydrochloric acid be used, no 
metallic mercury will be separated. (M. & M., 111. 216,) 
18. Calomel in the presence of moisture is darkened by mix- 
ing with certain alkaloids, such as cocaine or pilocarpine. The 
darkening is due to the formation of metallic mercury, while 
at the same time some mercuric chloride is formed, which com- 
bines with the alkaloid. 19. Calomel is changed by heavy 
trituration, forming metallic mercury and mercuric chloride. 
20. Dry calomel in contact with perfectly dry cane-sugar n 
without trituration is always partially decomposed, and a 
portion of the mercurous salt is transformed into mercuric 
chloride. The quantity thus affected depends upon the 
proportion of sugar and the length of the period of contact, 
being in direct proportion in both instances. Milk-sugar acts 
in the same manner as cane-sugar toward calomel, and both 
gum arabic and tragacanth have the same properties in this 
direction, but in a lesser degree. (Telmon, in Nat. Drug., 
XXVI. 201.) [See chlorides under Acidum Hydrochloricum.] 
Hydrargyri Cyanidum.—Mercuric cyanide, so far as the 
base is concerned, has incompatibilities similar to mercuric 
chloride, except that aqueous solutions are not precipitated by 
alkali hydrates or iodides on account of the formation of solu- 
ble double compounds. [See Hydrargyri Chloridum 
CORROSIVUM and also Acidum HYDROCYANICUM.] 
Hydrargyri lodidum Flavum. —l. Mercurous iodide 
when moist is rapidly darkened by the light. (M. & M., ill. 
219.) The darkening is in proportion to the decomposition 
into mercuric iodide and mercury. (N. D., 833.) 2. With 
solutions of iodides mercurous iodide is decomposed, forming 
metallic mercury and mercuric iodide. [See Hydrargyri 
Chloridum Mite, No. 5.] 3. Most heavy metals when 
triturated with it form the iodide of the metals, leaving mer- 
cury.. (M. & M., 111. 219.) 4. Mercurous iodide is oxidized 
and reduced by the same reagents that oxidize and reduce 
calomel. [See Hydrargyri Chloridum Mite.] 66 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
Hydrargyri lodidum Rubrum.—i. Mercuric iodide is 
decomposed by solutions of fixed alkali hydrates, forming the 
yellow mercuric oxide and a soluble double iodide of the 
alkali and mercury. (M. & M., 111. 220.) 2. Lime, sodium 
carbonate, and potassium carbonate do not decompose mercuric 
iodide in the presence of water, but do in the presence of 
alcohol. (M. & M., 111. 220.) 3. The incompatibilities are 
quite similar to those of mercuric chloride. 4. With soluble 
iodides it forms soluble double compounds. 
Hydrargyri Oxidum Flavum. —l, Mercuric oxide com- 
bines with most acids to form salts. 2. With merairic chloride 
in solution it darkens, due to the formation of an oxychloride 
of mercury, (M. & M., 111, 217,) 3. Mercuric oxide decom- 
poses chloral hydrate, forming carbon monoxide, carbon 
dioxide, and a compound of carbon, oxygen, and chlorine, 
COC12. (M. & M., 11. 4.) 
Hydrargyri Subsulphas Flavus.—1. Turpeth mineral 
dissolves readily in sulphuric, nitric, or hydrochloric acid. 
2. Solutions of fixed alkali hydrates decompose turpeth 
mineral, forming mercuric oxide and the sulphate of the 
alkali. 
Hydrargyrum Ammoniatum.—l. White precipitate is 
decomposed by solutions of the fixed alkali hydrates or lime 
zvater, liberating ammonia and forming the yellow mercuroxy- 
ammonium chloride. (M. & M., in. 208.) 2. Water decom- 
poses it slowly, forming mercuroxy-ammonium chloride 
and ammonium chloride. (M. & M., 111. 208.) 3. When 
ammoniated mercury is triturated with iodine, the mixture 
will puff up after a time from the spontaneous decomposition 
of nitrogen iodide formed in it; but in the presence of alcohol 
the decomposition takes place suddenly and with violent ex- 
plosion. (N. D., 847.) 4. Bromine or chlorine causes the 
evolution of hydrogen and the formation of mercuric bromide 
or mercuric chloride. (M. & M., 111. 208.) 
Hydrastininse Hydrochloras.—An aqueous solution of INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
hydrastinine hydrochlorate is not precipitated by ammonia or 
by a solution of sodium carbonate. (M. & M., 11. 703.) It 
is precipitated by most of the ge?ieral alkaloidal reagents. 
[See Alkaloids.] 
Hydrates, Fixed Alkali.—The fixed alkali hydrates are 
the hydrates of potassium and sodium. I. In aqueous 
solution they combine with acids to form salts. 2. In the 
presence of water and heat they liberate ammonia from its 
compounds. 3. They precipitate solutions of salts of all other 
common metals and the precipitate is a hydrate, except in 
case of silver, mercury, and antimony, in which cases it is an 
oxide. This precipitation is hindered or prevented with salts 
of several of the metals by the presence of sugar, glycerin, 
acacia, citrates, tartrates, and other organic substances. 
4. The fixed alkali hydrates precipitate nearly all of the 
alkaloids from aqueous solutions of their salts, the precipitate 
being the free alkaloid. In some cases the precipitate is 
soluble in excess of the precipitant. The precipitation is 
generally prevented by alcohol, although the alkaloid is set 
free. 5. They decompose some of the alkaloids, such as 
atropine, cocaine, and aconitine when left in contact for 
some time or more quickly when heated. 6. They decom- 
pose many glucosides when warmed with them. 7. With 
fats they form glycerin and a salt (soap) of the fat acid. 
8. With resins they form resin soaps, 9. Chloral hydrate is 
decomposed by the fixed alkali hydrates, forming chloroform. 
10, They turn calomel black, due to the formation of mercu- 
rous oxide. 11. The fixed alkali hydrates are soluble in water 
and alcohol. [See Alkalies.] 
Hydrate, Volatile Alkali.—Ammonia water is the only 
common volatile alkali. 1. Ammonia combines with acids to 
form salts. 2. It precipitates solutions of salts of lead, silver, 
mercury, bismuth, tin, antimony, copper, cadmium, iron, alumi- 
num, chromium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, and zinc. The pre- 
cipitate is a hydrate, except in case of silver and antimony, 68 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
in which it is an oxide; in case of lead, it is a basic salt; in 
case of mercurous salts, the precipitate is a black double com- 
pound ; and in case of mercuric salts, the precipitate is a 
white double compound. The precipitation in many case* 
is hindered or prevented by sugar, glycerin, acacia, citrates, 
tartrates, and other organic substances. 3. A solution of 
corrosive sublimate is precipitated by ammonia, giving ammo- 
mated mercury. 4. Calomel is converted by ammonia into 
the black compound, nitrogen dihydrogen dimercurous 
chloride. 5. With carbolic acid ammonia gives at first a 
colorless solution, which slowly becomes green, then a deep 
blue, and finally a purplish blue, 6. With carbolic acid and 
sodium hypochlorite solution ammonia produces a deep blue 
color. 7. With a concentrated solution of tartaric acid 
ammonia gives a precipitate of ammonium bitartrate. 8. In 
not very dilute solutions of ammonia gives a pre- 
cipitate. 9. Ammonia precipitates most alkaloids from aque- 
ous solutions of their salts. The precipitate is the free 
alkaloid, and is sometimes soluble in a large excess of ammonia 
10. With chlorine ammonia forms ammonium chloride and 
nitrogen. If a larger proportion of chlorine gas be used, the 
ammonium chloride may be decomposed, forming hydrochloric 
acid and nitrogen. If a still larger proportion of chlorine gas 
be used, the ammonium chloride may be decomposed into 
hydrochloric acid and the explosive nitrogen chloride. 
11. Bromine with ammonia acts like chlorine. (P. & J., 24.) 
12. With iodine ammonia may under certain circumstances 
form ammonium iodide, ammonium iodate, and water; under 
different circumstances ammonium iodide and the explosive 
iodide of nitrogen are formed. (P. & J., 24) [See under 
lODUM, No. 2.] 13. Permanganates oxidize ammonium 
hydrate to a nitrate. (P. & J., 24.) [See Alkalies.] 
Hydrogenii Dioxidum. [See Aqua Hydrogenii Di- 
oxide] 
Hydroquinone.— 1. Hydroquinone is oxidized to quinone 69 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
by ferric chloride, chlorine, dilute nitric acid, and chromic acid. 
(M. & M., 11. 730.) 2. Strong nitric acid decomposes it in 
the cold, forming oxalic acid and hydrocyanic acid. (M. & M., 
11. 730.) 3. An aqueous solution turns brown in the air, 
more quickly in the presence of an alkali. 
Hyoscyamina.—Hyoscyamine is converted into atropine 
by heating for five or six hours above its melting-point. (M. 
& M., 11. 745.) It has about the same incompatibilities as 
atropine. [See ATROPINA.) 
Hyoscyamus. [See Atropina.] 
Hypochlorites.— 1. The more common hypochlorites are 
found in the form of chlorinated lime, solution of chlorinated 
soda, and solution of chlorinated potassa. 2. Hypochlorites 
are decomposed by all acids at the ordinary temperature with 
liberation of chlorine. Consequently hypochlorites are strong 
oxidizing agents and have in general the same effect as chlo- 
rine. [See CHLORUM.] 3. The hypochlorites are soluble in 
water, but insoluble in alcohol. 4. Care should be used in 
mixing hypochlorites with readily oxidizable substances to 
avoid explosion or violent reaction. 
Hypophosphites. [See under Acidum Hypophospho- 
ROSUM.] 
Ichthyol.— 1. Acids precipitate a dark resinous mass. (M. 
M. R., IV. 266.) 2. Alkaline hydrates or carbonates decom- 
pose it, liberating ammonia. (M. M. R., IV, 266.) 3, It is 
incompatible with strong alcoholic preparations. (M. M. R., 
IV. 266.) 4. Ferric salts in solution with ichthyol form com- 
pounds of iron and ichthyol, while at the same time a partial 
oxidation of the ichthyol is brought about by the ferric salt. 
Ferrous salts in solution precipitate the sulpho-ichthyolate 
of iron. {Am. D., XXVI. 364.) 
Hyposulphites. [See under Sodii Hyposulphitum.] 
Infusa. —l. Infusions generally contain some tannic acid, 
albuminous and extractive matters, which are precipitated by 
many of the metallic salts, such as mercuric chloride, lead ace- INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
tate, silver nitrate, tartar emetic, or formic chloride. 2, When 
the tannic acid is present in a large amount, infusions are 
incompatible with salts of alkaloids, because of the formation 
of the insoluble alkaloidal tannates. 3. Many of the infusions 
are decolorized by a solution of subacetate of lead or by alu- 
minum hydrate. 4. Infusions should not be mixed with alco- 
holic solutions of substances insoluble in water. 
lodates. —l. lodates are strong oxidizing agents. In 
solution with a dilute mineral acid they are reduced to iodine 
and then iodides by sulphites, hyposulphites, sulphides, and 
hypophosphites ; they are reduced to iodine by iodides, oxalates, 
nitrites, hydrobromic acid, arsenous compounds, ferrous com- 
pounds, and hydrochloric acid. 2. lodates when mixed dry 
and rubbed or heated with readily oxidizable matter, such as 
iodine, sulphur, sulphides, or reduced iron, explode with more 
or less violence. The explosion is not as violent as when chlo- 
rates or nitrates are present instead of iodates. 3. Morphine 
in acid solution liberates iodine. 4. lodates, except those of 
the alkali bases, are nearly insoluble in water or alcohol. 
lodoformum.— 1. lodoform with a solution of an alkali 
hydrate gives, on heating, an iodide and a formate. (U. S. D., 
739.) 2. Silver nitrate in solution decomposes iodoform, pro- 
ducing silver iodide, nitric acid, and carbon monoxide. (M. 
& M., 111. 33.) 3, Exposed to direct sunlight, iodoform is 
completely oxidized by the air, forming carbon dioxide, iodine, 
and water. (M. & M., 111. 33.) 4. lodoform in solution or 
mixed with fatty matter decomposes in the light, forming 
iodine and methylene iodide. (M. & M., 111. 33.) 5. Trit- 
urated dry with silver nitrate, violent reaction takes place with 
the formation of silver iodide, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen 
tetroxide. (Ph. E., VIII. 302.) 6. Yellow mercuric oxide 
decomposes it, forming carbon monoxide, formic acid, mer- 
curic iodide, and water. (M. & M., ill. 33.) 7. Tannin 
deodorizes and decomposes iodoform. (U. S. Disp., 741.) 
lodida. [For iodides, see under AciDUM HVDRIODICUM.] INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
71 
8. Balsam of Peru deodorizes it, forming a compound. (U. 
S. Disp., 741.) g. When equal parts of iodoform and calomel 
are mixed together, the color is yellow. After a time it 
becomes red on the surface, and after some months the whole 
mass is one of red crystals. All of the mercury has been 
converted into the biniodide or a mixture of this and the 
chloriodide. Chloroform is formed at the same time. (A. P. 
A., XLVIII. 952.) 
lodol.— 1. When warmed it gives off iodine. (Extra 
Pharm., 245.) 
lodophenacetin (lodophinin).—l. Water decomposes 
it, liberating iodine. (Moerk, M. M. R., IV. 359.) 2. Alka- 
lies abstract iodine, regenerating phenacetin. (M. M. R., iv. 
359-) 3* should not be mixed with substances having a 
strong affinity for iodine. 
lodum.— 1. With fixed alkali hydrates in aqueous solu- 
tion, iodine forms a colorless solution of iodides and iodates. 
2, lodine with ammonia water slowly becomes colorless, form- 
ing chiefly ammonium iodide, with some ammonium iodate. 
There is a liability of there being precipitated a dark-brown 
powder, the “ iodide of nitrogen,” which when dry is easily 
and violently explosive. Explosive compounds of nitrogen 
and iodine may also be formed by mixing alcoholic solutions 
of ammonia and iodine; by adding a solution of chlorinated 
lime (neutralized by acetic acid) to an aqueous solution of 
ammonium iodide ; by adding ammonia to a mixture of hydro- 
chloric acid and iodic acid; by the action of nitrogen chloride 
on an aqueous solution of potassium iodide; or by adding an 
alcoholic solution of iodine to ammoniated mercury. Analyses 
of the products of these reactions seem to show that at least 
three different explosive compounds are formed, differing in 
the number of hydrogen atoms replaced by the iodine. 
(M, & M., 111. 560.) 3. Nitric acid slowly oxidizes iodine 
to iodic acid. 4. Hypophosphites are changed to phosphates, 
and the iodine is reduced to an iodide. 5. Hydrogen sidphide 72 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
forms hydriodic acid and sulphur. 6. Hyposulphites form 
sulphates and an iodide. 7. Sulphites form sulphates and an 
iodide, 8. Chlorine forms iodic and hydrochloric acids and, 
in the presence of potassium hydrate, a periodate. 9. Chlo- 
rates in the presence of an acid form chlorides and iodic acid. 
10. Bromine in the presence of an alkali hydrate forms a bro- 
mide and an iodate. 11. lodine changes mercurous com- 
pounds either in acid or alkaline mixtures, to mercuric, and the 
iodine is reduced to an iodide. 12. In the presence of an 
alkali arsenous compounds are changed to arsenic. 13. In the 
presence of an alkali ferrous compounds become ferric, and an- 
timonious become antimonic. 14. lodine with lime and water 
forms a bleaching liquid. (M. & M., 111. 16.) 15. lodine 
combines with most metals and many non-metals, such as 
chlorine, bromine, sulphur, phosphorus, or arsenic. (M. & M., 
111. 16.) 16. Starch and preparations containing it are turned 
blue by iodine. If a larger amount of iodine is present, the 
color will be violet; and if a still larger amount be added, 
the color changes to a blue-green. By heating the iodized 
starch to a temperature of 70° to Bo° C. the color is de- 
stroyed but on cooling it again assumes its blue color. (P, & 
J., 265.) 17. lodine bleaches litmus and other vegetable 
colors. 18. It combines with many of the fixed oils to form 
additive compounds. 19. It combines with many volatile oils, 
and in some cases, as with turpentine, it acts with almost 
explosive violence. 20. In solution iodine slowly forms 
hydriodic acid. A freshly prepared tincture of iodine is pre- 
cipitated by water, but an old tincture may not be, owing to 
the presence of the hydriodic acid. 21. lodine, either in 
alcoholic solution or dissolved in an aqueous solution of potas- 
sium iodide, precipitates nearly all alkaloids from solution of 
their salts. A large amount of alcohol present may prevent 
the precipitation. The precipitates from water are generally 
red-brown and amorphous. Caffeine and theobromine in 
dilute solutions are not precipitated by iodine. 22, lodine INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
73 
with alcohol and a fixed alkali forms iodoform. 23. It reacts 
with tannic acid. [See AciDUM TANNICUM, No. 16.] 
Liquor Acidi Arsenosi. [See Acidum Arsenosum, and 
also Acidum Hydrochloricum.]—This solution contains 
arsenous and hydrochloric acids. 
Liquor Ammonii Acetatis. [See Carbonates, Ammo- 
nium, and also Acidum Aceticum.]—Solution of ammonium 
acetate sometimes contains ammonium carbonate or free acetic 
acid. 
Liquor Arseni et Hydrargyri lodidi. [See under Acidum 
ARSENOSUM, and also soluble iodides under Acidum Hydri- 
ODICUM.] Many of the incompatibilities are similar to those 
of mercuric chloride. [See Hydrargyri Chloridum Corro- 
SIVUM.]—Donovan’s solution precipitates nearly all alkaloids 
from aqueous solution of their salts, and is itself precipitated 
by alkali hydrates. 
Liquor Calcis. [See under Hydrates, Fixed Alkali, 
and also Calcium.']—1. Lime water is precipitated by tannic 
acid and preparations containing it. 2. Heat throws the cal- 
cium hydrate out of solution, since it is less soluble in hot water 
than it is in cold. 3. Lime water has all of the incompatibili- 
ties of the fixed alkali hydrates and of the soluble calcium salts. 
Liquor Ferri Chloridi. [See Ferricum, and also soluble 
chlorides under Acidum HYDROCHLORICUM.] 
Liquor Ferri et Ammonii Acetatis. [See Ferricum, 
Ammonium, and soluble acetates under Acidum Aceticum.] 
Liquor Ferri Subsulphatis. [See Ferricum, and also 
soluble sulphates under Acidum Sulphuricum.] 
Liquor lodi Compositus, [See lodum, and also soluble 
iodides under Acidum Hydriodicum.] 
Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis. [See Plumbi Acetas.]— 
1. Goulard’s extract is precipitated by nearly all organic acids 
except acetic, formic, butyric, and lactic acids. 2. It precip- 
itates from solutions nearly all alkaloids, glucosides, and 
neutral principles. 3. It gives a precipitate with solutions of 74 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
acacia, albumen, or antipyrin. 4. Lead subacetate has all of 
the incompatibilities of lead acetate. 5. It unites readily 
with liquid or solid fats. (N. D., 974.) 
Liquor Potassae. [See Potassa.] 
Liquor Potassii Arsenitis. [See Carbonates, and also 
soluble arsenites under AciDUM Arsenosum.]—Fowler’s 
solution is alkaline to litmus and contains some potassium 
bicarbonate, which has been more or less changed to the 
normal carbonate. It consequently has the incompatibilities 
of the carbonates as well as those of a soluble arsenite. 
Liquor Sodae. [See Hydrates, Fixed Alkali.] 
Liquor Sodae Chloratae. [See Chlorum, and also 
soluble chlorides under AciDUM Hydrochloricum.]— 
Labarraque’s solution has about the same incompatibilities as 
chlorine and soluble chlorides. 
Liquor Sodii Silicatis. [See Hydrates, Fixed Al- 
kali.]— 1. This solution is precipitated by alcohol, con- 
centrated mineral acids, or dilute mineral acids with heat. 
2. It gelatinizes mucilage of acacia. 3. It is strongly alka- 
line, and consequently has many of the incompatibilities of 
the fixed alkali hydrates. 
Lithii Benzoas. [See Lithium, and also soluble ben- 
zoates under AciDUM Benzoicum.] 
Lithii Salicylas. [See Lithium, and also soluble sali- 
cylates under AciDUM SALICYLICUM.] 
Lithium.—The soluble lithium salts are precipitated from 
their solutions by soluble carbonates, the precipitate being 
lithium carbonate; by soluble phosphates, the precipitate 
being lithium phosphate. With the exception of the car- 
bonate and the phosphate, the common lithium salts are 
soluble in water and nearly all soluble in alcohol. (P. & J., 25.) 
Lobelia. [See under ALKALOIDS.]—Lobelia contains 
the volatile alkaloid lobeline, which is easily decomposed by 
alkalies or hot water. It is precipitated by most of the gen- 
eral alkaloidal reagents. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
Magnesia. [See Magnesium, and also Hydrates, 
Fixed Alkali.]—i. Magnesia combines with acids to form 
salts. 2. With fifteen times its weight of water it soon forms 
a gelatinous mass due to the formation of magnesium hydrate,. 
Magnesium hydrate is slightly soluble in water, and its action 
is similar to the fixed alkali hydrates, but much weaker. 
3. With sixteen times its weight of copaiba it makes a thick 
or solid mass on standing. 
Magnesii Sulphas. [See Magnesium, and also soluble 
sulphates under AciDUM SULPHURICUM.] 
Magnesium.—Soluble salts of magnesium in concentrated 
aqueous solution are precipitated: 1. by the fixed alkali 
hydrates and the hydrates of barium, strontium, and calcium, 
as magnesium hydrate; 2. by the normal carbonates of the 
fixed alkali metals, as basic carbonate of magnesium ; 3. by the 
alkaline phosphates, as magnesium phosphate; 4, by alkaline 
arsenates, as magnesium arsenate; 5. by soluble sulphites, 
oxalates, or tartrates, as magnesium sulphite, oxalate, or 
tartrate respectively. 6. Ammonium hydrate or carbonate 
scarcely precipitates magnesium salts, and may prevent to 
some extent the precipitation by the fixed alkali hydrates. 
Manganum. —l. Salts of manganese in aqueous solution 
are precipitated by the fixed alkali hydrates as manganous 
hydrate, white, but soon turning brown in the air from 
oxidation. Ammonium hydrate in the presence of ammonium 
salts scarcely precipitates manganous salts. 2. The alkali 
carbonates, phosphates, or cyanides precipitate the manganous 
carbonate, phosphate, or cyanide, all of which are white when 
first precipitated, but darken on exposure to air. 3. Man- 
ganous salts in alkaline mixture are oxidized to manganese 
dioxide by chlorine, bromine, and iodine. 
Mel.— 1. The presence of honey prevents the precipita- 
tion of some of the metallic salts by the alkali hydrates. 2. 
Honey decomposes borax, with liberation of boric acid, the 
reaction being somewhat similar to that between glycerin 76 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
and borax. [See GLYCERINUM No. i.] 3. Honey when 
triturated with strong oxidizing agents, such as potassium 
chlorate or potassium permanganate, is liable to form an ex- 
plosive mixture. 
Menthol.—I. Menthol when triturated dry gives a liquid 
or soft mass with borneol, bromal hydrate, butyl chloral hydrate, 
camphor, carbolic acid, chloral alcoholate, chloral hydrate, 
euphorin, exalgin, naphtol, pyrocatechin, pyrogallol, resin, 
resorcin, thymol, or urethane. 2. Fuming nitric acid forms 
an explosive oil. (M. & M., 111. 203.) 3. Potassiumperinan- 
ganate in solution decomposes menthol, forming pimelic, 
formic, propionic, butyric, and oxymenthylic acids. (M. & M., 
111. 203.) 4. Chromic acid oxidizes it to dextro- and laevo- 
menthol. (U. S. D., 868.) 
Methacetinum.—Methacetin produces a liquid when 
triturated with carbolic acid, chloral alcoholate, chloral hyarate, 
pyrocatechin; and with bromal hydrate or resorcin it gives a 
stiff mass. 
Methylene-blue.—1. Tetramethylthionine hydrochloride 
is decomposed by a strong solution of potassium hydrate, 
liberating the base as a violet precipitate. (Moerk, M. M. R., 
IV. 359-) 2- Reducing agents cause the formation of a color- 
less substance, which again takes up oxygen, forming methy- 
lene-blue. (M. M. R., IV. 359-) 3- Sulphuric acid changes 
the blue aqueous solution to a bright green color. (M. M. R., 
IV. 359-) 4- In aqueous solutions potassium iodide and 
potassium bichromate precipitate the base as an iodide and a 
chromate. (Allen, 111. part I. 286.) 
Methyl Salicylas. [See under Acidum Salicylicum.] 
—l. Methyl salicylate, or artificial oil of wintergreen, gives 
with a dilute solution of a ferric salt a deep violet color, due 
to the formation of ferric salicylate. 2. Alkalihydrates decom- 
pose it, forming methyl alcohol and a salicylate. 3. Methyl 
salicylate has incompatibilities quite similar to those of the 
soluble salicylates. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
77 
Morphina. [See Alkaloids.]—i. Morphine combines 
with acids to form salts. 2. Morphine is precipitated from 
aqueous solutions (not too dilute) of its salts by ammonium, 
potassium, sodium, calcium, and barium hydrates, by alkaline 
carbonates and bicarbonates, and by borax, as the free alka- 
loid. The precipitate is soluble in a large excess of the 
above-mentioned fixed hydrates. 3. Morphine is precipi- 
tated from aqueous solutions of its salts by lead subacctate 
(not neutral lead acetate), by potassium cyanide, potassium 
chromate, and by the general alkaloidal reagents. 4. Silver 
nitrate is reduced and gives a red coloration with morphine. 
(Sohn, 67.) 5. Ferric cldoride in nearly neutral solution 
gives a blue coloration, changing to a dirty green. This 
coloration is prevented or destroyed by excess of acid or 
alcohol. 6. Nitric acid gives a red color, changing to an 
orange, and then a light yellow. 7. Concentrated sulphuric 
acid with nitric acid gives a violet. 8. Frbhde's reagent 
(molybdic acid dissolved in sulphuric acid) gives a violet, 
changing into a green, brownish green, then yellow, and, 
after twenty-four hours, to a bluish-violet. (Sohn, 68.) 9. 
lodates are reduced by morphine salts, liberating iodine. 
10. Potassium ferricyaiiide oxidizes morphine to pseudomor- 
phine, (M. & M., 111.436.) 11. Chloride of gold colors a 
solution of morphine blue, and the gold is reduced. (M. & 
M., 111. 436.) 12. Nitrous acid (or spirit of nitrous ether) 
converts morphine into nitroso-morphine, pseudomorphine, 
and a base, Cl 7H21N06. (M. & M., 111. 436.) 13. With a solu- 
tion of chlorine or chlorinated lime morphine gives an orange 
to a yellow color, 14. Morphine is oxidized by an alkaline 
solution of potassium permangnate, forming an acid. (M. & 
M., ill. 436.) With an acid solution of potassium perman- 
ganate a green coloration is produced. 15. When chlorine 
water is added to a solution of morphine, and then ammonia, 
a reddish-brown color is formed. 16. Chlorates and also 
chromic acid oxidize morphine. 17. Some of the physio- 78 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
logical incompatibilities of morphine are atropine, cocaine, 
physostigmine, strychnine, gelsemium, veratrum vinde, caffeine, 
picrotoxin, and paraldehyde. 
Mucilago Acaciae. [See Acacia.] 
Mucilago Amyli. [See Amylum.] 
Mucilago Tragacanthae. [See Tragacantha.] 
Naphtalinum.—l. Naphtalin is converted into nitro- or 
dinitro-naphtalin by nitric acid, according to the strength of 
the acid used. (Allen, 11. 508.) 2. Chromic acid, a boiling 
solution of potassium permanganate, or potassium chlorate 
with sulphuric acid converts naphtalin into phthalic acid. 
(Allen, 11. 508.) 3. Chlorine and bromine form chloro- and 
bromo-derivatives. 4. Triturated dry with phenol or salol 
naphtalin produces a liquid. It gives a damp powder with 
pyrocatechin. 
Naphtol.— 1. Beta-naphtol in aqueous solution imparts 
a pale green color when ferric chloride is added, and slowly 
deposits dinaphtol (M. & M., 111. 460.) 2. Warming with 
sulphuric acid, naphtol forms a sulphonic acid. (Allen, 11. 
511.) 3. Chlorine or chlorinated lime colors a solution of 
naphtol a pale green or yellow. (Allen, 11. 5 11.) 4. A cold 
saturated aqueous solution of naphtol gives a faint bluish 
fluorescence with ammonia. (U. S. D., 895.) 5* Alkaline 
potassium permanganate oxidizes it to ortho-carboxy-cinnamic 
acid. (M. & M., 111. 460.) 6. Beta-naphtol when triturated 
with antipyrin, borneol, camphor, carbolic acid, exalgin, men- 
thol, pyrocatechin or urethane gives a liquid or a soft mass. 
Nitrates. [See under Acidum Nitricum,] 
Nitrites. [See under Acidum Nitrosum.] 
Nux Vomica. [See Strychnina.] 
Olea Fixa.— 1. Fixed oils with solutions of alkali hy- 
drates, lime water, and oxides of many metals, form oleates 
|soaps) of the base and glycerin. 2. The olein of fixed oils 
with nitric acid or nitrous acid gas forms the isomeric elaidin, 
which is solid. 3. Fixed oils absorb and combine with bro- INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
79 
mine and iodine. 4. Concentrated 7iitric acid and also con- 
centrated sulphuric acid give various color reactions with dif- 
ferent oils. 
Olea Volatilia.—1. Volatile oils with concentrated sul- 
phuric acid generally give a yellow color, turning to a brown 
and sometimes a red. 2. Ferric chloride gives colors with 
some oils. 3. lodi7ie with certain oils reacts with violence. 
4. Concentrated 7iitric acid gives color reactions with many 
oils. 
Oleum .TEthereum.—Ethereal oil with water is slowly 
decomposed, forming sulphovinic acid and a light oil of wine. 
(N. D., 1105.) It may also have the incompatibilities of sul- 
phurous and sulphuric acids. The sulphuric acid is not pre- 
cipitated by the general precipitants of this acid because it 
exists in the form of sulphovinates, which are soluble (U. S. 
D., 919.) 
Oleum Amygdalae Amarae.—[See Benzaldehydum and 
also Acidum Hydrocyanicum.] Oil of bitter almonds con- 
sists chiefly of benzaldehyde and hydrocyanic acid. The 
artificial oil contains no hydrocyanic acid. 
Oleum Aurantii Corticis.— 1. Oil of orange gives a deep 
red or a red-brown color with sulphuric acid. 2. Nitric acid 
gives a greenish-yellow color. 3. Exposed to the air the oil 
is oxidized and acquires a turpentine odor and taste. 4. lodine 
reacts violently with the oil. 
Oleum Aurantii Florum.—Oil of neroli with a saturated 
solution of sodium bisulphite gives a permanent purplish-red 
color. (U. S. P., 273.) 
Oleum Betulae Volatile. [See Methyl Salicylas.]— 
Oil of sweet birch consists chiefly of methyl salicylate. 
Oleum Caryophylli. —l. Oil of cloves dissolved in a little 
alcohol gives a bright green color when a solution of ferric 
chloride is added. If the solution of ferric chloride is quite 
dilute, a blue color is produced, which soon changes to a yel- 
low. (U. S, P., 275.) Clove water gives a yellow or browrn INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
solution or precipitate with a solution of ferric chloride. 2.. 
lodine dissolves quietly in the oil. 3. Nitric acid changes its 
color to a deep red, and if heat be used the oil is converted 
into oxalic acid. (U. S. D., 931.) 4. Sulphuric acid colors 
the oil a blood-red, which changes to a blue. (N. D., 1117.) 
5. Strong solutions of alkalies convert it into a crystalline 
mass of potassium eugenol. (N. D., 1117.) 
Oleum Cinnamomi.— 1. Oil of cinnamon dissolved in alco- 
hol gives a brown color with a solution of ferric chloride. 
2, With a saturated solution of sodium bisulphite the oil 
solidifies to a crystalline mass. 3. Nitric acid slowly oxidizes 
it to a crystalline mass of cinnamic acid. 4. lodine dissolves 
in it quietly, forming a thick mass. (N. D., 1119.) 
Oleum Gaultherise. [See Methyl Salicylas.]—Oil of 
wintergreen is chiefly methyl salicylate. 
Oleum Gossypii Seminis.— 1. Cottonseed oil with sul- 
phuric acid gives a dark reddish-brown color. (U. S. P., 279.) 
2. Nitric acid converts the oil into a reddish-brown mass that 
partly solidifies on standing. 
Oleum Lavendulae.—Oil of lavender reacts violently with 
iodine or bromine. 
Oleum Limonis. Oil of lemon reacts violently with 
iodine or bromine. 
Oleum Lini.— 1. Linseed oil is ignited by fuming nitric 
acid. Nitric acid of sp. gr. 1.33 turns it green and afterwards 
brown. 2. Alkali hydrates convert it into a soft soap. 3. An 
alkaline solution of potassium permanganate converts it into 
sativic acid. (M. & I\i,, 111. 147.) 4. Exposed to air the oil 
oxidizes and ultimately becomes solid. If the oil be dis- 
tributed through cotton, the heat generated by the oxidation 
may be sufficient to cause ignition. 5. lodine and bromine 
form additive compounds. 
Oleum Menthae Piperitae.—l. Oil of peppermint dis- 
solves iodine quietly and becomes thicker. 2. Chloral hydrate 
colors the oil red. This is perhaps due to an impurity in the 81 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
chloral hydrate. (N. D., 1131.) 3. An alcoholic solution of 
the oil with salicylic acid turns green slowly. (N. D., 1131.) 
Oleum Pimentae.—An alcoholic solution of oil of pimenta 
with a solution of ferric chloride gives a bright green color. 
If the iron solution be very dilute, a blue color is formed, 
changing to green and then yellow. (U. S. P., 285.) 
Oleum Sassafras.— 1. Nitric acid reacts violently with 
oil of sassafras, converting it into a -ed liquid and finally into 
a red resin. 2. Sulphuric acid gives the oil a deep red color 
which soon becomes blackish. (U. S. P., 288.) 3. lodine and 
bromine react with the oil. 
Oleum Terebinthinae.—l. Oil of turpentine with a small 
proportion of sulphuric acid is partially converted into tere- 
bene. 2. Dry hydrochloric acid gas with oil of turpentine 
forms a crystalline monohydrochloride of terpene. This has 
been called “artificial camphor.” 3. Chlorine and bromine 
react so violently that the oil is frequently ignited. 4. lodine 
is dissolved by oil of turpentine to form a green solution, 
which afterwards becomes hot and gives off hydriodic acid; 
and when considerable quantities of iodine and turpentine oil 
are brought suddenly together, explosion frequently ensues. 
(Allen, 11. 424.) 5. Heated with chlorinated lime, oil of 
turpentine yields chloroform. (Allen, 11. 424.) 6. If oil of 
turpentine is left in contact with water, it gradually changes 
into terpin hydrate. This reaction is hastened by the pres- 
ence of nitric acid (Allen, 11. 424) or by alcohol (U. S. 
D., 971.) 1. Nitric acid converts the oil into resinous 
matter, the violence of the reaction and the products formed 
depending on the strength of the acid. 8. Finning nitric 
acid reacts violently and may set the oil on fire. 9. Strong 
chromic acid solution oxidizes oil of turpentine to acetic acid 
and other products. (Allen, 11. 425.) 10. The oil when 
exposed to air slowly absorbs oxygen and forms a resinous 
substance, which seems to have the power of producing hy- 
drogen dioxide. (U. S. D., 971.) 82 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
Opium. [See Morphine, and also AciDUM Meconicum.] 
—A solution of opium contains so many alkaloids, besides 
other substances, that it is generally incompatible with the 
inorganic salts, general alkaloidal reagents, and many other 
compounds. 
Oxalates. [See under Acidum Oxalicum.] 
Pancreatinum.—I. Pancreatin digests albuminoids, con- 
verts starch into sugar, and emulsifies fat. 2. An aqueous 
solution is precipitated by alcohol or a saturated solution of 
sodiiun chloride. 3. The action of pancreatin is destroyed by 
prolonged contact with acids. 
Paraldehydum.— 1. Paraldehyde with alkalies forms alde- 
hyde resin. 2. It is a strong reducing agent and is oxidized 
to alcohol. 3. Chlorine forms substitution compounds. 
4. Hydrocyanic acid combines with aldehydes to form nitrites. 
(M. & M., I. 107.) 4. Paraldehyde liberates iodine from 
iodides. (Ph. Era, XVII. 298.) 
Pepsinum.—Pepsin is rendered inert by alkaline sub- 
stances, by prolonged contact with alcohol, or by tannic acid. 
Permanganates. [See Potassii Permanganas.] 
Phenacetinum.— 1. Phenacetin in strong aqueous solu- 
tion gives with chromic acid, chlorine, chlorinated lime, iodine, 
and some other oxidizing agents colorations varying from 
pink to red. These colorations are due to the presence of 
paraphenetidin in the phenacetin, or upon its formation by 
decomposition of the phenacetin. (Moerk, M. M. R., IV, 
359.) 2. Heating phenacetin with hydrochloric acid and then 
adding a solution of ferric chloride gives a red color. 3. Sali- 
cylic acid when triturated with phenacetin is said to give a 
pasty mass. The writer failed to get anything but a dry 
powder. 4. Phenacetin triturated with carbolic acid, chloral 
hydrate, or pyrocatechin gives a liquid. 5. It is decomposed 
by strong acids or alkalies. (Scoville, 234.) 6. Phenacetin 
combines with iodine to form a compound known as iodo- 
phenin. (Extra Pharm., 134.) 7. Phenacetin conceals the INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
fluorescence of quinine sulphate, especially in dilute solutions. 
(D. C., XL. 299.) 
Phenocoll Hydrochloride.—l. Phenocoll hydrochloride 
in aqueous solution is precipitated by the alkaline hydrates 
and carbonates as the free base. 2, Piperazin is said to pre- 
cipitate the base phenocoll when mixed with a strong solution 
of phenocoll hydrochloride. According to Roe, the best 
results for making a solution are obtained when the phenocoll 
salt is from fifty to one hundred per cent in excess of the 
piperazin, and each compound should be dissolved in a portion 
of water before being mixed. (D. C., XXXIX. 14.) 
Phosphates. [See under Acidum Phosphoricum, and 
also Sodii Phosphas.] 
Phosphorus.— 1. Phosphorus is oxidized in the air, form- 
ing oxides of phosphorus, and may cause fire. 2. A warm 
solution of potassium or sodium hydrate or lime ivater with 
phosphorus gives a hypophosphite and phosphorus hydride 
gas. 3. In the presence of water, chlorine, bromine, or iodine 
oxidizes phosphorus and forms phosphoric acid and hydro- 
chloric, hydrobromic, or hydriodic acid. Chloric, bromic, and 
iodic acids give the same products. 4. Phosphorus is oxi- 
dized by nitric acid, chromic acid, old oil of turpentvie, and 
other substances rich in oxygen. 5. Phosphorus unites 
directly with chlorine, bromine, iodine, or sulphur. 6. When 
phosphorus is triturated with potassium chlorate, chromic oxide, 
lead dioxide, mercuric oxide, silver oxide, potassium bichro- 
mate, potassium nitrate, sulplmr, or sulphides, explosion is 
liable to take place. 
Physostigmina. [See Alkaloids.]—1. Physostigmine is 
precipitated from aqueous solutions of its salts by the general 
alkaloidal reagents, except picric acid and platinum chloride. 
2. Alkaline hydrates and carbonates precipitate the alkaloid 
from concentrated aqueous solutions of its salts and give a 
red color, changing to a yellow, green, and blue. (Sohn, 23.) 
3. Gold chloride gives a blue coloration. 4. A solution of 84 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
chlorine or bromine gives a red coloration. 5. Nitric acid 
gives a yellowish-red color. 6. Barmin hydrate produces the 
red substance rubreserine. 7. The free alkaloid precipitates 
iron as the hydrate from a solution of ferric chloride. (Sohn, 
23.) 8. Physostigmine is physiologically incompatible with 
atropine, cldoral hydrate, morphine, strychnine, and caffeine. 
Picrotoxinum.— 1. Picrotoxin is dissolved by solutions 
of alkalies, and precipitated from these solutions by acids. 
2. Picrotoxin is not precipitated from its solutions by lead 
subacetate, tannic acid, or the other general alkaloidal re- 
agents. 3. Chloral hydrate is a physiological incompatibility. 
Pilocarpinae Hydrochloras.— 1. Pilocarpine hydrochlo- 
rate in aqueous solution is precipitated by the reagents that 
generally precipitate alkaloids. 2. Calomel mixed with this 
salt and moistened turns dark. According to A, Schneider, 
there is formed a double salt of the alkaloid and mercuric 
chloride, metallic mercury being separated. (D. C., XXXVIII. 
106.) 3. Potassium permanganate oxidizes it to pyridin. (M. 
& M., IV. 275.) 4. Atropine has an opposite physiological 
effect. 
Piperazinum.—1. Piperazin combines with acids to form 
salts. 2. On account of its strong alkalinity it produces pre- 
cipitates with solutions of alkaloidal salts and with some 
inorganic salts. 3. With an aqueous solution of piperazin 
tannic acid gives a precipitate and a green color; alum gives 
a white precipitate; sidphate of iron gives a dark green color; 
Donovan s solution gives a pink precipitate; spirit of nitrous 
ether gives a red color; and ferric cldoride gives a precipitate. 
(Roe, D. C., XXXVII. 108.) 4. An aqueous solution is also 
precipitated by mercuric chloride, copper sulphate, Mayer s rea- 
gent, and picric acid. 5. Potassium permanganate and silver 
nitrate are reduced by piperazin. 6. When piperazin is trit- 
urated dry with sodium salicylate, butyl chloral hydrate, anti- 
febrin, phenacetin, or chloral hydrate, a moist mass or a liquid 
is produced. (Roe, D. C., XXXVII. 108.) Piperazin is quite 85 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
deliquescent when exposed to air. 7. Sodium hypochlorite 
solution saturated with chlorine forms a body with piperazin 
that explodes when heated to a temperature of Bo°-85° C. 
(M. & M., IV. 349.) 8. Bromine water forms the correspond- 
ing di-bromo-piperazin, which is also unstable. (M. & M., 
IV, 349.) 9. Quinine gives an amorphous violet-brown body 
with piperazin. (M. & M., IV. 349.) 10. Phenol gives a 
compound with piperazin. (M. & M., IV. 349.) 
Plumbi Acetas. [See soluble acetates under Acidum 
ACETICUM.]—1, Lead acetate in aqueous solution is precip- 
itated by the fixed alkali hydrates as lead hydrate, soluble 
in excess of the alkali hydrates. 2. Lead acetate, except in 
very concentrated solution, is not precipitated by ammonium 
hydrate. 3. The soluble carbonates precipitate the white 
basic carbonate of lead. 4, Hydrogen siLlphide and the alkali 
sulphides precipitate the brownish-black lead sulphide. 5. Sul- 
phuric acid and the soluble sulphates precipitate the white 
lead sulphate. 6. Hydrochloric acid and the soluble chlorides 
precipitate from not too dilute solutions of lead acetate the 
white lead chloride. 7. The soluble bromides precipitate 
the white lead bromide. 8. The soluble iodides precipitate 
the yellow lead iodide. 9. Soluble chromates precipitate 
the yellow lead chromate. 10. Sodium phosphate precip- 
itates the white lead phosphate. 11. Alkali sulphites pre- 
cipitate the white lead sulphite. 12. The soluble cyanides 
precipitate white lead cyanide. 13. Tannic acid and solutions 
containing it precipitate the yellow-gray lead tannate. 14. A 
solution of lead acetate is precipitated by many organic acids, 
coloring matters, resins, gums, neutral principles, glucosides, 
and a few alkaloids. 15. With a solution of opium the mor- 
phine meconate is decomposed, forming morphine acetate and 
lead meconate, the latter being precipitated. 16. Lead acetate 
mixed with a solution of potassium hydrate is oxidized to lead 
dioxide by chlorine, bromine, potassium permanganate, or hy- 
drogen dioxide. 17. Lead acetate gives a liquid or soft mass 86 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
when rubbed with acetamide, carbolic acid, chloral hydrate, 
salicylic acid, sodium phosphate, or «mz. It gives a stiff mass 
with pyrocatechin, pyrogallol, resorcin, sodium salicylate, or 
urethane. 
Plumbi Nitras. [See Plumbi Acetas, and also soluble 
nitrates under Acidum NITRICUM.]—Lead nitrate has the 
same incompatibilities, so far as the base is concerned, as 
lead acetate, except that it is precipitated by ammonia. 
Plumbi Subacetas. [See Liquor Plumbi Subace- 
TATIS.] 
Potassa. [See Hydrates, Fixed Alkali, and also 
POTASSIUM.]—Potassium hydrate has all of the incompatibil- 
ities of the fixed alkali hydrates. 
Potassa Sulphurata. [See soluble sulphides under 
Acidum Hydrosulphuricum.] 
Potassii Acetas. [See soluble acetates under Acidum 
Aceticum, and also POTASSIUM.] 
Potassii Bicarbonas. [See bicarbonates under Carbon- 
ates, and also POTASSIUM.] 
Potassii Bichromas. [See soluble chromates and Bi- 
chromates under ACIDUM CHROMICUM.] 
Potassii Bitartras. [See Acidum Tartaricum, and 
also POTASSIUM.]—Cream of tartar combines with the 
hydrates and carbonates of the alkalies to form neutral salts, 
which are more soluble in water. Cream of tartar in aqueous 
solution is acid in reaction, and consequently has the incom- 
patibilities of tartaric acid. 
Potassii Bromidum. [See soluble bromides under 
Acidum Hydrobromicum, and also Potassium.] 
Potassii Carbonas. [See Carbonates, and also Potas- 
sium.] 
Potassii Chloras. [See Chlorates, and also Potas- 
sium.] 
Potassii Citras. [See soluble citrates under Acidum 
Citricum, and also Potassium.] INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
87 
Potassii Cyanidum. [See soluble cyanides under 
AciDUM Hydrocyanicum.]—l. An aqueous solution of 
potassium cyanide dissolves iron, zinc, or copper with the 
evolution of hydrogen. (N. D., 1296.) 2. An aqueous solu- 
tion exposed to the air absorbs carbon dioxide, becomes 
brown, and deposits a dark brown precipitate. It is some- 
times strongly alkaline. 3. Potassium cyanide with iodine 
forms potassium iodide and iodide of cyanogen. (M. & M., 
11. 346.) 
Potassii et Sodii Tartras. [See soluble tartrates under 
Acidum Tartaricum, and also Potassium.]—Nearly all 
acids in solution combine with the sodium and throw out of 
solution the potassium bitartrate. 
Potassii Hypophosphis. [See soluble hypophosphites 
under Acidum Hypophosphorosum, and also POTASSIUM.] 
Potassii lodidum. [See Strychnina No. 2 ; also solu- 
ble iodides under Acidum HYDRIODICUM, and also POTAS- 
SIUM.]—Potassium iodide precipitates strychnine from solu- 
tions of its salts unless the solution is dilute; even then it 
may precipitate after standing some days. 
Potassii Nitras. [See soluble nitrates under Acidum 
Nitricum, and also Potassium.] 
Potassii Permanganas.—Potassium permanganate in acid 
solution is reduced to the manganous condition by nitrous 
acid and nitrites, forming nitric acid ; by hydrochloric acid and 
chlorides, forming chlorine ; by hydrohromic acid and bromides, 
liberating bromine; by hydriodic acid and iodides, liberating 
iodine ; by sulphites and hyposulphites, forming sulphates; 
by mercurous compounds, forming mercuric compounds; by 
arseniteSy forming arsenates ; by ferrous compoemds, forming 
ferric compounds; by hypophosphites, forming phosphates; 
by oxalic acid and oxalates, forming carbon dioxide ; by 
tartaric acid (more readily in neutral or alkaline mixtures); 
by ammonia. (M. & M., 111. 187.) 2. Alcohol is oxidized by 
potassium permanganate, forming potassium acetate and 88 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
precipitating manganese dioxide and manganese monoxide. 
(M. & M,, 111. 187.) 3. Glycerin gives a precipitate similar 
to that produced by alcohol and forms potassium carbonate. 
(M. & M., 111. 187.) 4. Carbolic acid is oxidized by 
potassium permanganate, forming oxalic acid and carbon 
dioxide. (M. & M., 111. 832.) 5. With hydrogen dioxide 
water mixed with sulphuric acid, potassium permanganate 
forms manganous sulphate, potassium sulphate, water, and 
oxygen, the oxygen coming from both the permanganate 
and the hydrogen dioxide. 6. In dilute aqueous solution 
potassium permanganate is reduced by nearly all organic 
matter ; in concentrated solution the reaction may be so great 
as to cause explosion. 7, When potassium permanganate is 
triturated dry with sulphur, sidphides, reduced iron, hypophos- 
phites, charcoal, sugar, glycerin, alcohol, tannic acid, oxalic acid, 
picric acid, fats, oils, gums, and other readily oxidizable matter, 
an explosion is liable to ensue. 8. The permanganates are all 
soluble in water, except silver, which is sparingly soluble. 
They are insoluble in alcohol. 
Potassii Tartras. [See soluble tartrates under Acidum 
Tartaricum, and also Potassium.]—A concentrated solution 
of potassium tartrate with many acids gives a precipitate of 
potassium bitartrate. 
Potassium.— 1. Potassium salts in the presence of a 
solution ofplatinic chloride and hydrochloric acid give a yellow 
precipitate of a double compound of platinum and potassium 
chloride. 2. Most neutral potassium salts in not too dilute 
aqueous solution with sodium bitartrate give a precipitate of 
potassium bitartrate. 3. A solution of the hydrate or car- 
bonates of potassium with an excess of tartaric acid gives a 
precipitate of potassium bitartrate, 4. Many of the potas- 
sium salts give a yellow precipitate with a solution of sodium 
cobaltic nitrate. 
Pulvis Morphinae Compositus. [See Morphina, and 
also Camphora.]—Since this preparation contains morphine INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
89 
and camphor, it will have the incompatibilities of these two 
compounds. 
Pyoktannin—1. Pyoktannin in solution is decomposed 
by the light. 2. Alkalies with a solution of pyoktannin pre- 
cipitate the base as a reddish powder. (Moerk, M. M. R., IV. 
359-) 3- Pyoktannin is incompatible with mercuric chloride. 
Pyrocatechin.—l. An alkaline solution of pyrocatechin 
assumes a green color, changing to brown, and finally black. 
(Allen, 11. 562.) 2. With a solution of ferric chloride it gives 
a green color, changed to a violet-red by ammonia. (Allen, 
11. 562.) 3. With a solution of lead acetate it gives a white 
precipitate. 4. Nitric acid acts violently, converting it into 
oxalic acid. (M. & M., IV. 358.) 5. Ammonium carbonate 
with water converts the pyrocatechin into pyrocatechuic acid. 
(M. & M., IV. 358.) 6. With a concentrated solution of 
pyrocatechin lime water gives a greenish color, 7, It reduces 
silver nitrate to metallic silver. (Allen, 11. 562.) 8. Pyrocat- 
echin forms a liquid with acetamide, acetanilid, antipyrin, bor- 
neol, bromal hydrate, butyl chloral hydrate, camphor, camphor 
monobromated, carbolic acid, chloral alcoholate, chloral hydrate, 
euphorin, exalgin, menthol, methacetin, naphtol, phenacetin, 
pyrogallol, salol, sodium phosphate, urea, or urethane. It gives 
a stiff mass with diuretin, lead acetate, or thymol, and a damp 
powder with 7iaphtahn or resorcin. 
Pyrogallol.—l. Pyrogallic acid in aqueous solution grad- 
ually absorbs oxygen from the air and forms a brown solution. 
This takes place much more rapidly in the presence of alkalies, 
and an almost black solution is ultimately formed. With am- 
monia pyrogallein is formed. (M. & M., IV. 359-) 2. With a 
solution of ferrous sidphate pyrogallol forms a blue solution, rap- 
idly changingto a green and red. 3. With ferric choride solu- 
tion a red color is formed at once. 4. With lime water a purple 
color is produced, rapidly changing to a brown, but no precip. 
itate is formed. (Allen, 111. part I. 71.) 5. With a solution 
of ferric acetate a purple-black coloration is formed. (Allen, INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
111. part I. 69.) 6. Nitrons acid colors the aqueous solution 
of pyrogallol brown. 7. Pyrogallol is changed to purpuro- 
gallin by an alcoholic solution of silver nitrate, by an aqueous 
solution of potassium permanganate, or by an aqueous solution 
of ferric chloride in excess. (M. & M., IV. 359.) 8. Pyro- 
gallol in aqueous solutions reduces salts of silver, mercury, and 
gold, and it is oxidized to acetic and oxalic acids. (Richter, 
695.) 9. A solution of mercuric chloride and pyrogallol in al- 
cohol gives a black precipitate with alkaloids, but not with glu- 
cosides. (M. & M., IV. 359.) 10. lodine in solution imparts 
a purple-red color to an aqueous or alcoholic solution of 
pyrogallol. 11. Bromine forms tri-bromo-pyrogallol. (M. & 
M., IV. 359.) 12. Pyrogallol does not precipitate a solution 
of gelatin. 13. Fuming nitric acid converts it into oxalic 
acid. & M., IV. 359.) 14. With a solution of lead ace- 
tate it gives a white precipitate. 15, Pyrogallol gives a liquid 
or soft mass when rubbed with acetamide. antipyrin, camphor, 
carbolic acid, exalgin, menthol, pyrocatechin, urea, or ure- 
thane. It gives a stiff mass with diuretin, lead acetate, or so- 
dium phosphate. 
Pyroxylinum.— 1. Soluble gun-cotton when damp un- 
dergoes decomposition, and may ignite or cause an explosion. 
2. Treated with alkalies in concentrated solution it is decom- 
posed, giving up its nitric acid. 3. The nitrocellulose is con- 
verted back to cellulose by reducing agents, such as ferrous 
salts or alkali sulphides. (Richter, 514.) 
Quinina. [See Alkaloid-.]—1. Quinine unites with 
acids to form salts. 2. Quinine salts in aqueous solutions 
are precipitated by all of the reagents mentioned under Alka- 
loids No. 2, except bromides and iodides; in very concen- 
trated solutions of the alkaloidal salt these may also give a 
precipitate. 3. Quinine is also precipitated from the aqueous 
solution of its salts by acetates as the voluminous quinine 
acetate. In concentrated solutions it is also precipitated by 
soluble citrates, tartrates, and arsenites as quinine citrate, INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
91 
tartrate, and arsenite. 4. Quinine gives a blue fluorescence 
with sulphuric or 7iitric acid. This is more or less destroyed 
or prevented by the halogen acids or their salts, and by 
phenacetin. 5. The free alkaloid displaces ammonia from 
its salts when dissolved in water and heated. 6, Quinine 
sulphate is oxidized by potassium permanganate to pyridin 
tricarboxylic acid, oxalic acid, and ammonia. (M. & M., IV. 
375.) 7. An aqueous solution in sunlight gives a brown 
flocculent precipitate of quiniretin. (M. & M., IV. 375.) 
Resina. [See RESINJL]—Resin when with 
menthol, phenol, salol, or urethane makes a liquid or a pasty 
mass. Nitric acid oxidizes it to isophthalic and trimellitic 
acids. (M. & M., I. 1.) Potassium permanganate oxidizes it 
to formic, acetic, and carbonic acids. (M. & M., 1. 1.) 
Resinae.—l. With aqueous solutions of alkali hydrates 
or carbonates resins form resin soaps. 2. Nitric acid converts 
them into artificial tannin. 3. Ferric chloride in alcoholic 
solution gives a blue color with guaiac; a dark green color 
with benzoin; a black color with gamboge, balsam of Peru, 
storax, or shellac. (M. & M., IV, 395.) 4. Alcohol contain- 
ing hydrochloric acid is colored red to violet by myrrh; 
yellowish brown to green by guaiac; yellow, changing 
through brown to cherry-red, by benzoin or balsam of Tolu; 
greenish, changing to a dingy violet, by asafeetida; and 
brown by some other resins. (M. & M., IV. 395.) 
Resorcinum. —l. An aqueous solution exposed to the 
air becomes red and brown. This reaction is hastened by 
the presence of alkalies. 2, With a solution of ferric chloride 
resorcin gives a violet coloration. 3, With chlorinated lime 
or soda a solution of resorcin gives a violet coloration, 
quickly changing to a yellow. 4. Nitrous acid or spirit of 
nitrous ether gives a dark brown solution with resorcin. 
Nitrous acid acting on a dilute solution of resorcin produces 
di-nitroso-resorcin, which occurs in commerce under the names 
“solid green” and “fast green.” (Richter, 690.) 5. An 92 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
aqueous solution of resorcin with bromine water yields needles 
of tri-bromo-resorcin. (Allen, 11. 563.) 6. A solution of 
resorcin with copper sulphate and ammonia or with silver 
nitrate and ammonia gives a deep black color. (Allen, 11. 
563.) 7. An alkaline solution of resorcin with potassium 
iodide gives a violet-red precipitate. (M. & M., IV. 398.) 
8. A solution of resorcin with a solution of chloral hydrate 
and sodium bisulphate gives a deposit of silky needles. 
9. Resorcin with hydrogen dioxide and ammonia water, after 
acidifying, gives a brown precipitate (lacmoid), which forms 
an indigo-blue solution with alkalies. 10. A solution of 
resorcin precipitates a solution of albumen. (Extra Pharm., 
355.) 11. Chloroform or chloral hydrate with a solution of 
sodium hydrate, on being warmed, gives a yellowish-red 
liquid with a green fluorescence. 12. Resorcin produces a 
liquid or soft mass when triturated with acetamide, acetanilid, 
antipyrin, borncol, camphor, carbolic acid, chloral alcoholate, 
euphorin, exalgin, menthol, methacetin, or urethane. With 
lead acetate, pyrocatechin, or sodium phosphate it gives a 
slightly damp powder, which quickly dries. 
Saccharum.— 1. A solution of sugar heated with lime forms 
calcium saccharates. 2. Very strong nitric acid with sugar, 
in the cold, forms explosive nitrosaccharose. (Allen, I. 214.) 
Moderately concentrated nitric acid converts sugar into 
saccharic and tartaric acids, and with heat into oxalic acid and 
carbon dioxide. (Allen, I. 214, 240.) 3. With concentrated 
sulphuric acid sugar is decomposed, forming carbon, while 
formic acid, sulphur dioxide, and other gases are given off. 
(Allen, I. 215.) 4. Sugar warmed with dilute solutions of 
acids is changed to invert-sugar. 5. When a concentrated 
solution of sugar and potassium hydrate is heated, carbon 
dioxide, acetone, acetic, propionic, and oxalic acids are formed. 
(M. & M., IV. 551.) 6. Chlorine or bromine oxidizes sugar to 
gluconic acid, glucose, and other products. The same reaction 
takes place in the presence of lead or silver oxide. (M. & M., INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
93 
IV. 551.) 7. lodine with potassium carbonate and sugar 
yields a little iodoform. (M. & M., IV. 551.) 8. Dilute 
chromic acid solution oxidizes sugar to oxalic, formic, and 
carbonic acids. (M. & M., IV. 551.) 9. Potassium perman- 
ganate converts sugar into oxalic, formic, and carbonic acids. 
(M. & M., IV, 551.) 10. Lime, magnesia, and litharge dissolve 
with some facility in syrup, forming definite compounds. 
(Allen, I. 241.) 11. The presence of sugar hinders or prevents 
the precipitation, or dissolves the precipitates, of many metallic 
hydrates or oxides which are normally formed when alkali 
hydrates are added to solutions of metallic salts. The inter- 
ference takes place in case of lead, copper, ferric, mercuric, 
calcium, and magnesium salts. 12. Sugar triturated with 
potassium chlorate, permanganate, or bichromate, or with other 
strong oxidizing agents, is liable to cause an explosion. 
Saccharum Lactis.— 1. Milk-sugar in alkaline solution 
reduces salts of silver, mercury, bismuth, or copper. (N. D., 
1398.) 2. Nitric acid first inverts milk-sugar and then forms 
mucic and saccharic acids, and if heated forms tartaric and 
racemic acids and finally oxalic acid. 3. Dilute acids invert 
milk-sugar, forming dextrose and galactose, 4. A mixture 
of sulphuric and nitric acids with milk-sugar gives lactose 
pentanitrate, which is explosive. (M. & M., IV. 553.) 5. 
Chromic acid with milk-sugar yields aldehyde, (M. & M., IV. 
553.) 6. Alkali permanganates oxidize milk-sugar. 7. Silver 
oxide oxidizes it, forming oxalic, glycollic, and lactonic acids. 
(M. & M., IV. 553.) 8. Milk-sugar with a solution of iodine 
and sodium bicarbonate yields a little iodoform. (M. & M., 
IV. 553-) 9- Triturated with oxidizing agents, it is liable to 
cause an explosion. 
Salicylates. [See Acidum Salicylicum.] 
Salol.— 1. Salol in alcoholic solution gives a violet color 
when a dilute solution of ferric chloride is added to it. If, 
however, a little of the salol solution be added to the ferric 
chloride solution, a white cloudiness, but no violet color, will 94 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
appear. (U. S. P., 344.) In aqueous solution no increase 
of color results. 2. Bromine water added to an alcoholic 
solution of salol will cause the formation of long needle- 
shaped crystals, consisting of a bromo-derivative. 3. Strong 
solutions of alkalies heated with salol saponify it, forming 
a salicylate and carbolic acid. (Allen, 111. part I. 60.) 4. 
When salol is triturated dry with horned, camphor, mono- 
bromated camphor, carbolic acid, chloral alcoholate, chloral 
hydrate, euphorin, exalgin, naphtalin, pyrocatcchin, resin, 
thymol, or urethane, a liquid or soft mass results. It gives 
a slightly damp powder with antipyrin, quickly drying. 
Santonin. —l. Santonin on exposure to light turns 
yellow, forming photo-santonic acid and a yellow-resinous 
body, (N. D., 1414.) 2. With alkali hydrates in solution 
it forms santoninates, which are soluble in water. 3. An 
aqueous solution of a santoninate is precipitated by lead 
■acetate or lead subacetate as lead santoninate. It is also 
precipitated by tannic acid, ferrous sulphate, copper sulphate, 
chlorine water, and by acids, if the solution of santoninate is 
not too dilute. 4. Santonin is turned pink or red by potas- 
sium hydrate, especially in the presence of alcohol. (M. & M., 
IV, 429,) 5. Heated with nitric acid, santonin forms 
carbon dioxide, succinic, oxalic, and acetic acids. (M. & M., 
IV. 429.) 
Sapo.— 1. Aqueous solutions of soap are decomposed by 
mineral acids, which combine with the sodium, liberating the 
free fat acid. 2. Aqueous solutions of metallic salts give 
precipitates of metallic oleates with soaps. 3. Soap is 
frequently alkaline, and when so it makes a black mixture 
with calomel, due to the mercurous oxide formed. 
Soda. [See Hydrates, F'ixed Alkali.]—Sodium hy- 
drate has all the incompatibilities of the fixed alkali 
hydrates. 
Sodii Acetas. [See soluble acetates under Acidum 
Aceticum.] INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
95 
Sodii Arsenas. [See under Acidum Arsenicum,]— 
Sodium arsenate is frequently alkaline in reaction to litmus. 
Sodii Benzoas. [See soluble benzoates under Acidum 
Benzoicum.] 
Sodii Boras. [See also soluble borates under Acidum 
Boricum.] —i. Borax coagulates mucilage of acacia. This 
is prevented by the presence of sugar. 2. Borax is alka- 
line in reaction and precipitates alkaloids from solutions 
of their salts. Glycerin prevents this by decomposing the 
borax. 3. Glycerin and borax react in the presence of water, 
forming an acid solution which is changed to alkaline upon 
large dilution with water. (Caspari, 446.) Glucose, manni- 
tol, and honey cause a similar reaction. [See Glycerinum 
No. I.] 4. Borax increases the solubility of boric, ben- 
zoic, gallic, stearic, and salicylic acids in water. 5. When 
triturated with alum, borax forms a damp, almost moist 
mixture, (Caspari, 446.) 
Sodii Bicarbonas. [See bicarbonates under Carbonates.] 
Sodii Bromidum. [See bromides under Acidum Hydro- 
bromicum.] 
Sodii Carbonas. [See Carbonates,] 
Sodii Chloras. [See Chlorates.] 
Sodii Chloridi. [See chlorides under Acidum Hydro 
CHLORICUM, ] 
Sodii Hypophosphis. [See hypophosphites under Aci- 
dum Hypophosphorosum.] 
Sodii Hyposulphis.— 1. Sodium hyposulphite (or thiosul- 
phate) in aqueous solution is decomposed by nearly all acids, 
forming sulphur and sulphurous acid. 2. Sodium hyposul- 
phite precipitates, as hyposulphites, solutions of barium chlo- 
ride, silver nitrate, lead acetate, and mercurous nitrate. The 
precipitates with the last three salts are white at first, but be- 
come black on standing, forming the sulphide of the metal 
and sulphuric acid. (P. & J., 231.) 3. In acid solution 
.sodium hyposulphite reduces iodates to iodine and then hydri- 96 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
odic acid; bromates to bromine and hydrobromic acid; chlo- 
rates to chlorine and hydrochloric acid ; ferric salts to ferrous; 
chromates to chromic salts; permanganates to manganic salts; 
arsenic compounds to arsenous. 3. An acidulated solution of 
sodium hyposulphite bleaches litmus and other vegetable 
colors. 4. When sodium hyposulphite is triturated with 
potassium chlorate, nitrate, permanganate, or with other strong 
oxidizing agents, explosion is liable to take place. 
Sodii lodidum. [See iodides under Acidum Hydriodi- 
CUM.J 
Sodii Nitras. [See nitrates under Acidum Nitricum.] 
Sodii Nitris. [See nitrites under Acidum Nitrosum.] 
Sodii Phosphas. [See also phosphates under Acidum 
PHOSPHORICUM.]—1. The official sodium phosphate is slightly 
alkaline in reaction, and precipitates some of the alkaloids 
from aqueous solutions of their salts. 2. Sodium phosphate 
gives a liquid or soft mass with acetamide, carbolic acid, chlo- 
ral hydrate, lead acetate, pyrocatechin, pyrogallol, salicylic 
acid. It forms a slightly damp powder with antipyrin, resor- 
cin, or sodium salicylate. 
Sodii Pyrophosphas. [See pyrophosphoric acid under 
Acidum Phosphoricum.] 
Sodii Salicylas. [See salicylates under Acidum Sali- 
CYLICUM.] 
Sodii Sulphas. [See sulphates under Acidum Sulphu- 
RICUM.] 
Sodii Sulphis. [See Acidum Sulphurosum.]—ln acid 
solutions it has the same incompatibilities as sulphurous 
acid. 
Spiritus.—Water causes a separation of the volatile sub- 
stance from all of the official spirits except spirit of nitrous 
ether, spirit of ammonia, whiskey, and brandy. They all 
contain alcohol and consequently have the reactions of 
alcohol. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
97 
Spiritus .Etheris Compositus. [See Oleum Ethe- 
reum, and also Alcohol.] 
Spiritus Etheris Nitrosi. [See Acidum Nitrosum.] 
—I. The ethyl nitrite in the spirit of nitrous ether is de- 
composed by alkali hydrates, forming alcohol and a nitrite of 
the alkali. 2. Spirit of nitrous ether readily undergoes de- 
composition, forming alcohol and nitrous acid, which latter 
changes to nitric acid. The spirit has the incompatibilities 
mentioned under nitrous acid. 
Spiritus Ammoniac. [See Hydrates, Volatile Al- 
kali.]—Spirit of ammonia has the same incompatibilities as 
water of ammonia, except as they are modified by the alco- 
hol. With solutions of alkaloidal salts the ammonia liber- 
ates the alkaloids, but the alcohol has a tendency to keep 
them in solution. 
Spiritus Ammoniac Aromaticus.—The incompatibili- 
ties of this preparation are similar to those of the spirit of am- 
monia, and, in addition, the ammonium carbonate with acids 
liberates carbon dioxide. Aqueous or weak alcoholic liquids 
cause the separation of the aromatic oils. 
Spiritus Camphor. [See Camphora, Alcohol, and 
Spiritus.] 
Spiritus Frumenti. [See Alcohol.]—Whiskey usu- 
ally contains a little tannic acid. 
Spiritus Gaultheriae. [See Methyl Salicylas, Alco- 
hol, and also Spiritus.] 
Spiritus Glonoini. [See Glonoinum, Alcohol, and 
also Spiritus.] 
Spiritus Limonis. [See Oleum Limonis, Alcohol, 
and also SPIRITUS.] 
Spiritus Vini Gallici. [See Alcohol,]—Brandy usu- 
ally contains a little acetic and tannic acids. 
Stramonium. [See Atropina.] 
Strontii Bromidum. [See Strontium, and also soluble 
bromides under Acidum HYDROBROMICUM,] 98 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
Strontii lodidum.—[See Strontium, and also soluble 
iodides under Acidum Hydriodicum.] 
Strontii Lactas- [See Strontium, and also Acidum 
Lacticum.] 
Strontium-—Salts of strontium in aqueous solution are pre- 
cipitated by the soluble carbonates, phosphates, or oxalates as 
strontium carbonate, phosphate, or oxalate. The soluble sul- 
phates, chromates, or alkali hydrates precipitate from concen- 
trated solutions the strontium sulphate, chromate, or hydrate. 
Strychnina- —I. Strychnine combines with acids to form 
salts. 2, Strychnine salts in aqueous solution are precipi- 
tated by the reagents mentioned under Alkaloids No. 2. 
3. In rather concentrated solutions of the strychnine salt the 
soluble chlorides, bromides, and especially the iodides, are 
liable to cause a precipitation. The precipitation may not 
take place for several days. A satisfactory explanation of the 
cause of the precipitation has not been given. It is partially 
explained by some writers by saying that the salts of strych- 
nine are insoluble in solutions of inorganic salts. The pres- 
ence of alcohol to the extent of fifteen per cent is said to 
prevent the precipitation. 4. Hydrochloric acid added to a 
solution of strychnine hydrochlorate gives a crystalline precipi- 
tate. (M. & M., IV. 517.) 5- Potassium cyanide added to a 
solution of a salt of strychnine precipitates the pure base. 
(M, & M., IV. 517.) 6. Potassium permanganate in alkaline 
solution yields ammonia, oxalic acid, carbon dioxide, and an- 
other crystalline acid. In acid solution potassium permanga- 
nate gives an amorphous acid with strychnine. (M. & M., IV. 
517.) 7. The physiological incompatibilities are atropine, aco- 
nite, morphine, chloral hydrate, potassium bromide, physostig- 
mine, hydrocyanic acid, amyl nitrite, chloroform, alcohol, digi- 
talis, curarine, nicotine, paraldehyde, and urethane. 
Sulphates. [See Acidum Sulphuricum.] 
Sulphida. [See Acidum Hydrosulphuricum.] 
Sulphites. [See Acidum Sulphurosum.] INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
99 
Sulphonal. Sulphonal is not acted upon by alkalies, 
acids, or oxidizing agents. 
Sulphur.—Sulphur readily dissolves in hot aqueous solu- 
tions of hydrates of potassium, sodium, barium, or calcium, 
forming polysulphides and hyposulphites. Triturated dry 
with strong oxidizing agents, as potassium chlorate ox perman- 
ganate, explosion is liable to occur. 
Syrupus Acidi Citrici. [See Saccharum, and also Aci- 
DUM CITRICUM.] 
Syrupus Acidi Hydriodici. [See Saccharum, Acidum 
Hydriodicum, and lodum.]—This syrup sometimes becomes 
yellow or brown, due to the formation of iodine. 
Syrupus Allii. [See Saccharum, and also Acidum Ace- 
TICUM,]—Syrup of garlic darkens in the light. It contains 
acetic acid. 
Syrupus Ferri lodidi. [See Saccharum, Ferrosum, 
and soluble iodides under ACIDUM HYDRIODICUM.] The 
sugar prevents, to some extent, the precipitation of ferrous 
hydrate by alkali hydrates. 
Syrupus Calcis. [See Saccharum and Liquor Calcis.] 
Syrupus Hypophosphitum. [See Saccharum and solu- 
ble hypophosphites under ACIDUM Hypophosphorosum.] 
Syrupus Ipecacuanhas [See Acidum Aceticum, and 
also Saccharum.]—This syrup contains acetic acid. 
Syrupus Scillae. [See Acidum Aceticum, and also 
Saccharum.]—This syrup contains acetic acid. 
Tannates. [See Acidum Tannicum.] 
Tartrates. [See Acidum Tartaricum.] 
Terebenum. [See Oleum Terebinthusle.]—Terebene 
on exposure to air and light resinifies and becomes acid. It 
combines with chlorine, bromine, and iodine to form- additive 
products. In many reactions it resembles oil of turpentine. 
Theobromina. i. Theobromine acts like a weak base, 
and also like a weak acid. It combines with strong acids to 
form salts that are quite readily decomposed by water. It 100 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
dissolves in an excess of an alkali hydrate solution. 2. From 
an aqueous solution theobromine gives a crystalline precipi- 
tate with silver nitrate, mercuric chloride, and gold chloride. 
With many of the general alkaloidal reagents it does not pre- 
cipitate. 
Thymol.— I. Thymol unites with alkalies to form soluble 
salts. (U. S. D., 1360.) 2. With excess of bromine water 
solutions of thymol yield a yellowish-white precipitate of a 
bromo-derivative, which gradually collects to form globules 
of a yellowish liquid. (Allen, 11. 449.) 3. A solution of thy- 
mol with iodine and potassium hydrate gives a red amorphous 
precipitate of iodothymol. 4. Spirit of nitrous ether gives a 
green and then a brown color, changing the thymol to nitroso- 
thymol. 5. Thymol absorbs ammonia-gas and becomes liquid. 
(M. & M., IV. 715.) 6. Chromic acid oxidizes thymol to 
thymoquinone. (M. & M., IV. 715-) 7- A solution of thymol 
coagulates albumen. 8. Thymol gives a liquid or soft mass 
when rubbed with acetamide, acetanilid, antipyrin, borneol, 
camphor, monobromated camphor, carbolic acid, chloral alcohol- 
ate, chloral hydrate, euphoria, exalgin, menthol, pyrocatechin, 
resin, or urethane. It is said to liquefy with butyl chloral 
hydrate. 9. Thymol reduces gold and platinum from their 
solutions. (Allen, 11. 449.) 
Tinctura Ferri Chloridi.—[See Ferricum, and also Al- 
cohol.] 
Tinctura lodi. [See lodum.]—An old tincture usually 
contains some hydriodic acid, which prevents the precipitation 
of the iodine when water is added. 
Tragacantha.—Tragacanth is colored yellow by a solu- 
tion of sodium hydrate. (Allen, I. 355-) An aqueous mixture 
is thickened by alcohol, and by neutral and basic lead acetate 
(not coagulated by borax, silicates, or ferric salts). (Allen, I. 
355-) 
Urea.—Urea becomes soft or liquid with bromal hydrate, INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
101 
chloral alcoholate, chloral hydrate, lead acetate, pyrocatechin, 
or pyrogallol. 
Urethanum.— I. Urethane in the presence of iodine and 
an alkaline hydrate or carbonate produces iodoform. 2. Ure- 
thane with an alcoholic solution of potassium hydrate gives 
large crystals of potassium cyanate. (M. & M., I. 679.) 3. 
Urethane is decomposed by alkalies. 4. When urethane is 
triturated in a mortar with acetamide, antipyrin, borneol, 
bromal hydrate, butyl chloral hydrate, camphor, carbolic acid, 
cldoral alcoholate, chloral hydrate, euphoria, exalgin, menthol, 
naphtol, pyrocatechin, pyrogallol, resin, resorcin, salicylic acid, 
salol, thymol, or benzoic acid, a liquid is produced. 
Vinum. [See Acidum Tannicum, and also Alcohol.] 
—Wine generally contains some tannic acid. 
Zinci Chloridi. [See ZINCUM, and also soluble chlorides 
under Acidum Hydrochloricum.]—Zinc chloride has a 
strong tendency to combine with organic bases, as with 
strychnine, morphine, quinine, etc. (U. S. D., 1469.) 
Vitellus, [See Albumen.] 
Zinci Sulphas. [See ZINCUM, and also soluble sulphates 
under ACIDUM SULPHURICUM.] 
Zincum.—Zinc salts in aqueous solutions are precipitated 
by alkali hydrates, by soluble carbonates, phosphates, arsenates, 
oxalates, or alkaline cyanides, as zinc hydrate, basic carbonate, 
phosphate, arsenate, oxalate, or cyanide. Alkali sulphides 
(not hydrogen sulphide) precipitate white zinc sulphide. PART 11. 
PRESCRIPTIONS WITH CRITICISMS. 
In studying the following prescriptions the student 
should try to make out for himself, so far as possible, 
wherein the trouble lies, and what he would do to prevent or 
remedy it, before referring to the notes. In order not to 
overlook any of the incompatibilities it is suggested that he 
find out what effect, if any, the first ingredient may have on 
each of the others; then the second ingredient, the third, and 
so on. Then, taking the prescription as a whole, he should 
determine the color that will be produced, the nature and 
color of the precipitate, how one incompatibility will be 
modified by another, etc. The student should practice trans- 
lating the Latin into English, and the English into Latin; 
also converting the metric system into the common, and 
vice versa. 
1. 
5 
Hydrargyri chloridi cor,, gr. ij 
Potassii iodidi, 3 ij 
Syrupi rhei aromatici, f. |iv 
Elixiris cinchonas, f. | iv 
Misce et signa ; Teaspoonful 
three times a day. 
2. 
3 
Quininae sulphatis, gr. xx 
Acidi sulphuric! aromat., f. 3 ss 
Ammonii carbonatis, 3 j 
Syrupi aurantii, q. s. ad f. |iv 
M. S. Cochleare parvum 
t. i. d. 
3. 
U 
Calomel, gr. vj 
Potassium chlorate, Sj 
Sugar, powd., 3 j 
Mix and make six powders. 
Label : One every two hours. 
4. 
5 
Ammonii carbonatis, § iiss 
Syrupi tolutani, 
Syrupi scillse, aa. f. f ij 
Misce et fiat solutio. 
Sig. Teaspoonful when cough- 
ing. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
103 
5. 
Quininae sulphatis, Sij 
Olei carophylli, gtt. ij 
Potassii permanganatis, gr. iij 
Acidi sulphur, aromat., f. 3ij 
Mucilag. acaciae, q. s. adf. 3 viij 
M. S. Tablespoonful every 
three hours. 
6. 
3 
Tincturae guaiaci, 
Muc. acaciae, aa. f. | j 
M. S. Teaspoonful every 
three hours. 
7. 
Bismuthi subnitratis, 3 ij 
Sodii hypophosphitis, 3 j 
Extracti nucis vomicae, gr. v 
Misce, fiat pulvis et divide in 
partes aequales No. xxv. 
8. 
9 
Hydrargyri chloridi cor,, gr. i 
Sodii iodidi, 
Ammonii iodidi, aa. 3 ij 
Potassii chloratis, 3 j 
Aquae, j 
Syrupi sarsaparillae co., f. 3iv 
M. S. Teaspoonful in wine- 
glass of water after each meal. 
9. 
Potassium chlorate, gr. xl 
Sodium hypophosphite, gr. xxx 
Water, enough to make f. | xx 
Mix and label: Use as gar- 
gle. 
10. 
Potassii permanganatis, gr. xv 
Morphinae sulphatis, gr. x 
Aquae, f. 3 iij 
M. S. Teaspoonful at night. 
11. 
5 
Extracti buchu fl., f, 3 ss 
Spiritus aetheris nitrosi, f. 3 j 
Potassii acetatis, 3 ij 
Syrupi, q. s. ad f. 3 iv 
Misce et signa: Teaspoonful 
half hour after meals. 
12. 
5 
Tinct. digitalis, f. 3 ij 
Tinct. ferri chloridi, f. 3 iss 
Acidi phosphorici diluti, f. 3 j 
Aquae, q. s. ad f. | ij 
M. S. Teaspoonful in some 
water twice a day. 
13. 
5 
Quininae sulphatis, gr. xx 
Plumbi acetatis, gr. xl 
Bismuthi subnitratis, 3 ss 
Syrupi aurantii cort., 
q. s. ad f. | iv 
M. S. Teaspoonful every four 
hours. 
14. 
9 
Sugar of lead, 3 ss 
Alum, gr. xv 
Rose water, f. § iv 
Mix and label: Lotion. 
15. 
5 
Quininae sulph., gr. xvj 
Acidi tannici, Sj 
Acidi sulphurici arom., TTW 
Syr. eriodictyi arom., 
q. s. ad f. 1 ij 
M. S. Teaspoonful twice a 
day. 104 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
16. 
9 
Olei morrhuae, f. | j 
Syr. ferri iodidi, f. 3 j 
Olei gaultheriae, Hv 
Syrupi, f. 3 xv 
Liquoris calcis, f. § j 
M. S. Dessertspoonful twice 
a day. 
17. 
Liq. arseni et hydrarg. iodidi, 
10 Cc. 
Potassii iodidi, 5 Gm. 
Quininae sulphatis, 2 Gm. 
Acidi sulphurici aromat., q. s. 
Syrupi, q. s. ad 300 Cc. 
M. S. 4 Cc. after each meal. 
? v' 18, 
Sodii salicylatis, gr. xx 
Quininae sulphatis, gr. xx 
Syrupi zingiberis, f. § ij 
M. S. Teaspoonful doses. 
19. 
Liquoris acidi arsenosi, f 3 j 
Hydrargyri chlor. cor., gr. j 
Strychninae sulphatis, gr. j 
Spiritus vini rectificati, f. 3 j 
Aquae, f. 1 j 
Misce. Signa: Teaspoonful 
night and morning. 
20. 
5 
Potassii bromidi, 3 iij 
Chloralis, 3 iv 
Elixiris aromatici, q. s. ad f. § ij 
M. S. Take one teaspoonful 
at night. 
21. 
5 
Plumbi subacetatis, 3 ss 
Zinci sulphatis, gr. xl 
Tinct. catechu co., 
Tincturse opii, aa. f. f ss 
Aquae, q. s. ad f. | viij 
M. S. Injection. Shake well 
before using. 
22. 
$ 
Hydrargyri chloridi cor., gr. iij 
Albuminis, 3 iss 
Aquae, q. s. ad f. 3 x 
Misce et cola. 
Signa: Teaspoonful three times 
a day. 
23. 
5 
Sodii phosphatis, 3 v 
Syrupi rhei, f. 3 iv 
Syrupi, f. 3 ss 
Aquae, q. s. ad 3 ij 
M. S. Teaspoonful in a little 
water before meals. 
24. 
Ammonii carbonatis, gr. xx 
Ammonii chloridi, gr. xxx 
Syrupi allii, f. | j 
Aquae, q. s. ad f. | ij 
M. S. One-half teaspoonful 
as required. 
25. 
Sodii boratis, gr. x 
Zinci sulphatis, gr. ij 
Aquae camphorae, f. 3 j 
Aquae rosae, q. s, ad f. f j 
M. S. Put one drop in each 
eye night and morning. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
105 
26. 
5 . . 
Syrupi scillae, 
Syrupi ipecac., aa. f. 3 j 
Syrupi eridictyi arom., f. 3ij 
Potassii iodidi, Sj 
Spiritus aetheris nit., f. 3 ij 
Glycerini, f. 3 iv 
Syrupi acidi citrici, 
q. s. ad f. f iij 
Misce. Signa: Teaspoonful 
when coughing. 
27. 
Tinct. ferri chlor., f. 3 j 
Tinct. iodi comp., y) 
Liq. pot. arsenit., 
Ac. phosphor, dil., aa. f. 3iv 
Quininae sulph., 3 j 
Rhei pulv., f ss 
Aquae, q. s. ad f. 3 viij 
Misce. Sig. Teaspoonful after 
meals. 
28. 
5 
Quinine sulphate, 3 j 
Strychnine sulphate, gr. j 
Sulphuric acid, 3 ij 
Iron pyrophosphate, sol., 3 j 
Syrup ginger, 
enough to make f. 3 vj 
Mix. Teaspoonful three times 
a day, 
29. 
$ 
lodine, gr. xxx 
Spirit of camphor, f | j. 
Soap liniment, f. iij 
Mix and label: Apply as di- 
rected. 
30. 
5 
Pepsini saccharati, 3 ij 
Bismuthi et ammon. cit., 3 j 
Acidi hydrochlorici dil., gtt. xl 
Aquae, f. 3 ij 
Misce et fiat solutio. 
Sig. Dose, one teaspoonful. 
31. 
Sodii hypophosphitis, gr. xx 
Acidi sulphurosi, 3 j 
Aquae cinnamomi, q. s. ad f. 3 ij 
M. S, Teaspoonful for vom- 
iting. 
32. 
V 
Hydrargyri chlor. mit., gr. ij 
Potassii iodidi, gr. xl 
Misce et fiat pulvis et in char- 
tulas decern divide. 
Signa: One powder after each 
meal. 
33. 
5 . 
Tinct. nucis vom., 
Acidi nitromur., aa. f. 3 ij 
Elixiris quininae co., N. F., 
f. | iiiss 
M. S, Teaspoonful in an 
ounce of water after meals. 
34. 
Quininae sulphatis, 3 ss 
Potassii iodidi, 3 j 
Strychninae sulph., gr. v 
Tinct. card am. co., 
Syr. zingiber., aa. f. 3 ij 
Aquae fontanae, q. s. ad O. ss 
M. S. Take one tablespoon- 
ful night and morning. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
35. 
$ 
Ammonii carbonatis, 3 j 
Syrupi ipecacuanha, f. 3 j 
Vini pepsini, 
Misturse amygdalae, aa. f. 3 j 
M. S. Teaspoonful in milk 
every three hours. 
36. 
U 
Potassii chloratis, gr. iv 
Sulphuris praecip., gr. vj 
Antimonii sulphur., gr. j 
Sacchari, gr. x 
Tere. Fiant chartulse 11. 
Signa : Insufflation. 
37. 
$ 
Vini ipecacuanhae, f. 3 iij 
Syrupi scillae, f. 3 vj 
Olei terebinthinae, f. 3 iss 
Tinct. opii camphoratas, f. 3 v 
Liquoris ammonii acet., f. § iss 
Syrupi, q. s. ad f. § iv 
M. S. Teaspoonful three times 
a day. 
38. 
U 
ClBH21N03, gr. 14 
KI, dr. 2% 
C 3Hb03 , oz. i 4 
H2O, oz. 2 
M. S. Teaspoonful every 
four hours. 
39. 
n 
Potassium chlorate, f ss 
Fluid hydrastis colorless, f. | ss 
Carbolic acid, gtt. v 
Tincture of myrrh, f. 3 ss 
Peppermint water, 
q. s. ad f, 3 iij 
Mix and label : Gargle. 
40. 
n 
Copaibas, 
Tinct. ferri chlor., 
Tinct. cantharid., aa. 10 Cc. 
Glycerini, 20 Cc. 
Syrupi, 50 Cc. 
M. 
41. 
$ 
Camphoras, 
Chloralis, aa. 5 Gm. 
Cocainae hydrochloratis, 5 Dg. 
M. S. To be applied exter- 
nally as directed. 
42. 
Chloroform!, 
Acidi nitrici, 
Creosoti, aa. f. 3 ij 
M. S. For cauterizing. 
43. 
3 
Sodii boratis, 3 ij 
Chloralis, 3 j 
Alcoholis, f. | ss 
Aquae sambuci, q. s. ad f. | vj 
Misce et fiat lotio. 
44. 
Liquor ferri chloridi, f. 3 ij 
Potassii chloratis, gr. xxx 
Glycerini, f. | j 
M. S. Teaspoonful twice a 
day. 
45. 
n 
Potassii chloratis, 3 ij 
Acidi hydrochloric!, f. 3 ij 
Aquae, f. f viij 
M. S. Gargle. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
46. 
Tinct. cimicifugae, f. 3 vj 
Tinct. sanguinariae, f. 3 ss 
Tinct. lobeliae, f, iss 
Syrupi tolutani, f. 3 ij 
Syrupi scillae co., q. s. ad f. 3 iij 
M. S. Tablespoonful every 
hour until cough is relieved. 
47. 
3 
lodoform aa ij 
I annic acid, J 
Mix and label: Dust over 
abraided surface. 
48. 
5 
Ammonii carbonatis, 3 j 
Hydrarg. chlor. mitis, gr. xij 
M. Ft. capsulae No. vm. 
Sig. One every three hours. 
49. 
S 
Potassii cyanidi, 3 j 
Morphinae acet., gr. ij 
Acidi acetici, gtt. ij 
Syrupi, q. s. ad f. 3 viij 
M. S. Cochleare parvum ter 
in die. 
50. 
Tincturae ferri chloridi, f. 3ij 
Spiritus aetheris nitrosi, f. 3iv 
Mucilaginis acaciae, f. \ j 
Syrupi, q. s. ad f. § iij 
M. S. Teaspoonful three 
times a day. 
51. 
5 
Potassii citratis, 3 vj 
Potassii bicarbonatis, 3 iij 
Liquoris potassae, f. 3 ij 
Ext. buchu fluidi, f. 3 vj 
Spiritus aetheris nitrosi, f. 3 iv 
Syrupi limonis, q. s. ad f. 3vj 
M. S. Tablespoonful three 
times a day, 
52. 
5 
Bichloride of mercury, gr. j 
Sodium arsenite, gr. ss 
sulphate, gr. ss 
Carbonate of potass., 
Dried sulphate of iron, aa. gr. ix 
Mix and divide into nine pills. 
Label: One after each meal. 
53. 
Antipyrin, gr. xx 
Calomel, gr. x 
Sodium bicarb., 3 j 
Mix ana make 20 powders. 
54. 
Sodii salicylatis, 3 iiss 
Syrupi limonis, f. § ij 
M. S. Teaspoonful three times 
a day. 
55. 
5 
Potassii iodidi, 3 ij 
Spiritus aetheris nit., f. f j 
Tinct. ferri chloridi, f. 3 iss 
Tinct. gentianae co., f. § iss 
Glycerini, f. 3 ss 
Aquae, q. s. ad f. ? iv 
M. S. Teaspoonful three times 
a day before meals. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
56. 
3 
Fowler’s solution, f. 3 ij 
Sol. of dialyzed iron, f. 3iv 
Mix. Label: Teaspoonful 
after meals. 
57. 
3 
Liq. strychninae, B. P., 1.5 Cc, 
Sodii bicarbonatis, 3.0 Gm. 
Aquae, q. s. ad 100.0 Cc. 
Misce et signa : Teaspoonful 
three times a day. 
58. 
3 
Liquoris potass, arsenitis, f. 3 j 
Hydrargyri chloridi cor., gr. j 
Aquae, f. 1 iv 
Misce et fiat sol. Sig. Dessert- 
spoonful three times a day. 
59. 
3 
Quininae sulph., gr. x 
Potassii acetatis, gr. xx 
Acidi s'ulphurici dil., gtt. iv 
Aquae, q. s. ad f. 3 j 
M. S. Teaspoonful after 
meals. 
60. 
3 
Strychninae hydrochlor., gr. j 
Tinct. cinchonae, f. f j 
Liq. ferri dialysati, f. f ss 
Liq. potassii arsenitis, f. 3ij 
Syrupi, f. | iij 
Aquae, q. s. ad f. 3 vj 
M. S. Capiat cochleare par- 
vum post prandium. 
61. 
3 
Quininae sulph., 3 j 
Morphinae sulph., gr. iij 
Strychninae sulph., gr. f 
Acidi arsenosi, gr. Q 
Ext. belladonnae, gr. v 
Aconitinae, gr. ij 
Ferri bromidi, Sj 
M. Ft. pil. No. xxiv. 
62. 
3 
Nitromuriatic acid, f. 3 iss 
Strychnine sulph., gr. f 
Glycerin, f. 3 v 
Water, enough to make f. 3iv 
Mix and label : Teaspoonful 
in water after meals. 
63. 
3 
Liq. ammonii acet., 
Syrupi ferri iodidi, aa. f. |ss 
Syrupi tolutani, f. 3 ij 
Hydrarg. chlor. corrosivi, gr. ss 
Creosoti, f. 3 ss 
M. 
64. 
3 
lodoformi, gr. xx 
Acidi carbolici, gr. xxx 
Zinci oxidi, 
Balsami peruvi., 
Petrolati mol., aa | j 
M. S. Apply as directed. 
65. 
3 
Potassii bromidi, f ss 
Potassii chloratis, 3 ij 
Syr. aurantii, f. % ss 
Aquae dest., q. s. ad f. 3 iij 
M. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
66. 
B 
Carbolic acid, cryst., 
Euphorin, 
Aristol, 
Tannic acid, 
Dried alum, aa. gr. xl 
Cacao butter, 
a sufficient amount 
Make suppositories No. xl. 
67. 
B 
Quininae sulph., gr. xvj 
Aquae, f. 3 ij 
Acidi sulphurici dil., q. s. 
Ext. glycyrrhizae fl., 
q. s. ad f. | ij 
M. et ft. mist. 
68. 
B 
Tinct. ferri chlor., f. 3 iv 
Potassii chloratis, 3 j 
Glycerini, f. f j 
Ext. glycyrrhizae fl., f. 3 j 
Aquae, q. s. ad f. | iv 
M, S. One teaspoonful four 
times a day. 
69. 
B 
Ferri reducti, 3. o Gm. 
Acidi arsenosi, 0.35 Gm. 
Quininae sulph., 8. o Gm. 
Strychninae sulph., 0.35 Gm. 
Extract! gentianae, 8. o Gm. 
M. Ft. pil. No. xl. 
70. 
B 
Acidi carbolici, 3 ics 
Aquae, q. s. ad | j 
M. S. Use with camel-hair 
brush. 
71. 
B 
Liq. ammonii acet., f. 3 iv 
Acidi acetici, f. 3 j 
Tinct. ferri chlor., f. 3 ss 
Glycerini, f. 3 ss 
Mucilaginis acaciae, f. 3 iij 
M. S. Teaspoonful every 
three hours. 
72. 
B 
Hydrarg. chlor. cor., gr. iij 
Muc. acaciae, § j 
Aquae, 
Liquoris calcis, aa. 3 ij 
M. 
73. 
B 
Syrupi acidi hydriodici, f. 3ij 
Bismuthi subnit., 3 iss 
M. S. Teaspoonful three times 
a day. 
74. 
B 
Ammonium carbonate, 3 j 
Resorcin, 3 ij 
Bitter almond water, 
enough to make f. 3 iij 
M. 
75. 
B 
Sodii phosphatis, gr. xxx 
Strychninae sulph., gr. ss 
Syr. aurantii corticis, 3 ij 
M. S. Teaspoonful three times 
a day. 
76. 
B 
Alcohol, 30 Cc. 
lodine, 10 Gm. 
Turpentine, 200 Cc. 
Mix. To be used as a spray. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
77. 
Hall’s sol. of strych., f. 3 ij 
Fowler’s sol. of arsenic, f. 3ij 
Alcohol, f. 1 iiss 
Mix. Label: Teaspoonful in 
half glass of water after meals. 
78. 
5 
Tinct. myrrhae, f. 3 ij 
Morph, acetatis, gr. ij 
Acidi tannici, 3 ss 
Syr. zingiberis, | iss 
Misce et fiat sol. 
Sig. Teaspoonful at 6,8, and 
10 o’clock p.m. 
79. 
Hydrargyri chlor. cor., .5 Gm. 
Ammonii carbonas, 2.5 Gm. 
Potassii iodidi, 2.5 Gm. 
Aquae, q. s. ad 150 Cc. 
M. S. Dilute with three times 
its volume of water and use as 
directed. 
80. 
3 
Potassii chloratis, 3 ij 
Syr. ferri iodidi, f. | ij 
Vini antimonii, f. 3 ss 
Spt. chloroformi, f. 3 ij 
Aquae, q. s. ad f. § viij 
M. S. Teaspoonful three times 
a day. 
81. 
3 
Liq. ammonii acetatis, f. |ij 
Aq. camphorae, f. 3 iss 
Spiritus aetheris nit., f. 3 ss 
Antimonii et pot. tart., gr. ss 
Morphinae acetatis, gr. ss 
M. 
82. 
n 
Potassii chloratis, i.o Gm. 
Potassii salicylatis, 0.5 Gin. 
Cinchonae pulv., 3.0 Gm. 
Carbonis ligni, 5.0 Gm, 
M. Divide into 10 powders. 
S. One just after a meal. 
83. 
3 
Calcii hypophosphitis, 2.5 Gm. 
Ferri lactatis, .3 Gm. 
Potassii chloratis, 4.0 Gm. 
M. Ft. pil. No. xxx. 
84. 
3 
lodine, resublimed, 3 ij 
Mercurial oint., 
Camphor, aa. 3 iij 
Alcohol, f. § ij 
Water, q. s. ad f. 3 iv 
Mix and label: Apply as oint- 
ment to the neck. 
85. 
3 
Boric acid, 3 iv 
Creolin, 3 j 
Water, f xv 
Mix and label: Lotion for the 
eye. 
86. 
Magnesii carbon., 3 iss 
Sodii boratis, 
Acidi citrici, aa. 3 ij 
Aquae bullientis, q. s. ad f. | viij 
M. S. Tablespoonful in the 
morning before breakfast. 
87. 
5 
Auri et sodii chloridi, gr. xij 
Strychninas sulph., gr. j 
Atropinae sulphatis, gr. I 
Ext. cinchonae fl., f. 3 iij 
Aquae, q. s. ad f. 3 vj 
M. Ft. sol. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
88. 
B 
Morphinae sulph., gr. iv 
Atropinae sulph., 
32 (1-500 gr.) tablets 
Aquae, | iv 
M. S. Teaspoonful every three 
quarters of an hour. 
89. 
B 
Potassii permanganatis, gr. xx 
Ext. glycyrrhizae, gr. xx 
Glyceriti amyli, q. s. 
M. Plant pil. No. xxv. 
90. 
b 
Acidi sulphuric!, f. 3 j 
Acidi nitrici, f. 3 j 
Olei terebinthinae, f. 3 ss 
Alcoholis, f. 3 ij 
M. S. Caustic. 
91. 
B 
Acidi salicylici, 
Sodii bicarbonatis, aa. 3 j 
Aquae, q. s. ad f. 3 vj 
M. Ft, sol. 
Sig. 3 j t. i. d. 
92. 
B 
Tinct. ferri chloridi, 10.0 Cc. 
Acidi phosphoric! dil., 10.0 Cc. 
Quininae sulph., 5.0 Gm. 
Strychninae sulph., 0.1 Gm, 
Aquae dest., 100.0 Cc. 
Syrupi limonis, 80.0 Cc. 
M. S. Teaspoonful three times 
a day. 
93. 
B 
Quinine bisulph., 3 ss 
Antikamnia, 3 j 
Elixir aromatic, f. 3 xx 
Mix and label: Two teaspoon- 
fuls every four hours. 
94. 
B 
Tinct. ferri chloridi, 3 iv 
Acidi carbolici, 3 j 
Acidi sulphurosi, 3 iij 
Aquas, q. s. ad 3 viij 
Misce et signa : Gargle. 
95. 
$ 
Pot. chlorat., 
Calc, hypophosphit., aa. gr. xv 
Magnesii sulphatis, gr. xxx 
Ferri sulphatis, gr. vj 
Liq strychninae, tq xx 
Aquae, q. s. ad f. | iij 
Misce et signa : Teaspoonful 
three times a day. 
96. 
B 
Sodium salicylate, gr. x 
Ammonium carbonate, gr. iij 
Sp. of nitrous ether, 
Sp. of chloroform, aa. TT[ x 
Water, enough to make 3 j 
Mix. 
B 97. 
Codeine, gr. ij 
Uil. phosphoric acid, q. s. 
Dil. hydrocyanic acid, Tip xx 
Tincture of iodine, TTp x 
Water, enough to make f. 3 iv 
Mix. Label: Tablespoonful at 
night. 
98. 
B 
Mercury subchloride, 3 ss 
Sol. saccharate of lime, | j 
Water, O. j 
Mix and label1.: Lotion. 
99. 
I* 
Hydrargyri chlor. cor., gr. v 
Glycerini, 3 ss 
Liq. calcis saccharati, 3 j 
Aquae, q. s. ad O. j 
M. S. Lotion. 112 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
100. 
$ 
Potassii bromidi, gr. x 
Antipyrini, gr. v 
Tinct. ferri chloridi, H x 
Spiritus chloroformi, H x 
Aquae, ■ q. s. ad f. 3 j 
M. S. Teaspoonful twice a day. 
101. 
n 
Gold chloride, gr. x 
Menthol, cryst., 3j 
Comp, tinct. of iodine, f. 3 v 
Glycerin, f. 3 vj 
Water, q. s. ad f. | ij 
Mix and label: To be used 
with an atomizer. 
102. 
Ext. digitalis fh, f, 3 iij 
Potassii acetatis, 3 iij 
Elixiris, f. | ij 
Aquae, q. s. ad f. | vj 
Misce et signa: Teaspoonful 
every four hours. 
103. 
n 
Solution of arsenic, Br.P.,TTi cxl 
Gold and sodium chloride, 
gr. iss 
Water, enough to make 3 j 
Mix. Label: Teaspoonful after 
meals. 
104. 
Tinct. ferri chlor., 3 ss 
Potassii chloratis, 3 iv 
Morphinae sulph., gr. ij 
Aquae, § iv 
M. 
105. 
Hydrargyri chlor. cor., gr. ss 
Calcii sulphidi, gr. x 
Potassii bicarb., gr. xxx 
Aq. carbolici, q. s. ad f. 3iv 
M. S. Lotion. 
106. 
5 
Morph, acetatis, .05 Gm. 
Potassii iodidi, 2.0 Gm. 
Ferri sulphatis, 1.0 Gm. 
Aquae, 50.0 Cc. 
M. S. Cochleare parvum om- 
nibus noctibus. 
107. 
5 
Bismuthi subnit., 3 j 
Sodii bicarbonatis, gr. xxx 
M. Fiant pil. No. xx. 
108. 
u 
Potassii bromidi, gr. xv 
Hydrargyri chlor. mitis, gr. v 
Misce et fiat pulvis ; mitte 
tales No. xn. 
109. 
5 
Plumbi acetatis, 3 ss- 
Zinci sulphatis, gr. xv 
Aquae rosas, q. s. ad f. 3 iv 
Misce et signa : Injection. 
no. 
Aq. hydrogenii dioxidi, 3 j 
Zinci sulphatis, 3 vj 
Acidi carbolici, 3 j 
Glycerini, § j 
Aquae, q. s. ad 3 viij 
Misce et fiat lotio. 
Signa : Apply locally. 
111. 
Bismuthi subnit., gr. xx 
Plumbi subacetatis, gr. xxx 
Morphinae sulph., gr. j 
Sodii bicarbon., 3 j 
Misce et divide in chartulas 
decem. 
Signa : One powder two hours- 
after each meal. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
113 
112. 
3 
lodol, 0.5 Gm. 
Yellow oxide of mercury, 
0.2 Gm. 
Petrolatum, 10.0 Gm. 
Mix and make an ointment. 
113. 
3 
Antipyrin, 
Sodium salicylate, aa. gr. xxx 
Mix and make 15 powders. 
114. 
3 
Thymol, 
Salicylic acid, aa. gr, xxx 
Menthol, gr. xx 
Eucalyptol, 3 iss 
Benzoic acid, 3 j 
Sodium bicarbonate, 
Borax, aa. 3 ij 
Oil of wintergreen, 3 ss 
Glycerin, 
Water, aa. q. s. ad f. 3 xvj 
Mix. Label: Gargle. 
115. 
3 
Quininae sulphatis, 
Potassii iodidi, aa. gr. vij 
Ac. nitrohydrochlorici, T7l xx 
Aquae, q. s. ad f. | ij 
M. S. Teaspoonful after 
meals. 
116. 
3 
Quinine bisulphate, 3 ss 
Basham’s mixture, f. \ iv 
Mix. Label: Teaspoonful 
every other hour. 
117. 
3 
Hydrastine sulphate, gr. j 
Boracic acid, 
Borax, aa. gr. vij 
Tinct. of opium, gtt. xx 
Water, f. | j 
Mix. Mark : Put 2 drops in 
each eye two or three times a 
day. 
118. 
3 
Antipyrin, 3 j 
Sp. of nitrous ether, f. 3 j 
Tincture of aconite, gtt. xx 
Elixir, enough to make f. 3ij 
Mix. 
119. 
3 
Quininae sulphatis, 
Acidi tartarici, 
Potassii iodidi, aa. gr. xij 
Aquae, q. s. ad f. § ij 
Misce. Signa : Cochleare par- 
vum bis vel ter in die sumatur* 
120. 
3 
Resorcin, 10 Gm, 
Glycerin, 15 Gm. 
Spirit of nitrous ether, 10 Cc. 
Water, 35 Cc. 
Mix. 
121. 
3 
Acidi carbolici, 3 ij 
Aquae ammoniae, 3 iv 
Spiritus vini rectificati, § j 
M. S. Use with atomizer. 
122. 
3 
Tincturae aconiti, f. 3 j 
Tincturae iodi, f. 3 ij 
Linimenti saponis, 
Aquae ammoniae, aa. f. 3 ij 
M. S. Embrocation, INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
123. 
B 
Quininae sulphatis, 3 iss 
Strychninae sulphatis, gr. ss 
Tinct. ferri chloridi, | iss 
M. S. Half a teaspoonful in 
a glass of water three times a 
day 
124. 
b 
Tinct. ferri chlor., f. 3 ij 
Aquae gaultheriae, f. f iij 
Syrupi tolutani, f. | j 
M. S. Teaspoonful one half- 
hour after meals. 
125. 
B 
Salol, 
Thymol, aa. 3 j 
Ext. of nux vomica, gr. x 
Ext. of glycyrrhiza, gr. xv 
Po. soap, a sufficient quantity. 
Mix and divide into 20 pills. 
126. 
B 
Morphinae sulph., gr. ij 
Sp. aetheris nitrosi, 
Aquae, aa. f. \ ss 
Misce. Signa: Capiat coch- 
leare unum parvum quoties re- 
quiritur. 
127. 
B 
Hydrargyri chlor. cor., gr. ss 
Liq. potass, arsenitis, f. 3 iss 
Quininae sulphatis, gr. x 
Aq. menth. piper., q. s. ad f. 3 j 
M. S. Half teaspoonful three 
times a day. 
128. 
n 
Tinct. ferri chlor., f. | ss 
Glycerini, f. | iss 
Aquae ammoniae, f. 3 iij 
Aquae, q. s. ad f. 3 iv 
Mix and make a solution. 
129. 
5 
Liquoris ferri dialysati, f. 3iv 
Syrupi, _ f. f j 
Mucilaginis acaciae, f. 3 iv 
Misce. 
130. 
B 
Hydrargyri chlor. mitis, 3j 
Ammonii chloridi, 3 j 
Misce et divide in partes aequa- 
les viginti. 
Sig. Sumat unam bis vel ter 
in die. 
131. 
B 
Liq. plumbi subacetatis, f. 3 j 
Tinct. ferri chloridi, f. f j 
Elixiris, q. s. ad f. | iv 
M. S. Teaspoonful three times 
a day. 
132. 
5 
Amyl nitritis, f. 3 j 
Alcoholis, f. § j 
Potassii iodidi, 3 J 
Syrupi limonis, q. s. ad f. |ij 
Misce. Cito dispensetur ! 
Signetur : A teaspoonful to be 
taken every hour. 
133. 
3 
Ext. valerianae fl., f. § iss 
Ext. taraxaci fl., f. | ss 
Tinct. gentianae co., f. § iv 
Magnesii sulphatis, f ij 
Aquae, q. s. ad O. ss 
M. S. Tablespoonful twice a 
day. IN CO MPA TIB ILI TIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
134. 
3 
Tincturae iodi, 3 ij 
Glycerini, 3 j 
Aquae, q. s. ad 3 ij 
M. S. Apply locally. 
135. 
3 
Liquoris bismuthi, N. F., f. f ss 
Tinct. nucis vomicae, f. 3 iiiss 
Vini pepsini, f. | j 
Elix. gentianae, q. s. ad f. fiv 
M. S. Teaspoonful three times 
a day. 
136. 
3 
Hydrarg. chlor. mit., 
Cocainae hydrochlor., aa. gr. j 
Pepsini, gr. iv 
Aquae, quantitas sufficiens 
Divide in pilulas numero octo. 
137. 
3 
Liq. plumbi subacet. dih, 
Tincturae opii, aa. f. f ss 
Aquae. f. 3 j 
M. S. Lotion. 
138. 
3 
Ext. digitalis fh, 8 Cc. 
Ext. erythroxyli fh, 30 Cc. 
Sp aetheris nit., 30 Cc. 
Glycerini, 30 Cc. 
Aquae, q. s. ad 125 Cc. 
M. S. Teaspoonful three times 
a day. 
139. 
3 
Argenti oxidi, gr. vj 
Creosoti, gtt. vj 
Glycyrrhizae, q. s. 
M. Make six pills. 
140. 
3 
Quinine bisulph., gr. xx 
Tincture of catechu co., f. 3 iij 
Water, enough to make f. 1 iij 
Mix. Mark : Teaspoonful 
every hour. 
141. 
3 
Acidi carbolici, 3 Gm. 
Sodii bicarb., 15 Gm. 
Sodii boratis, 15 Gm. 
Glycerini, . 35 Cc. 
Aquae, q. s. ad 1000 Cc. 
Misce. Sig. Use as gargle. 
142. 
3 
Tinct. guaiaci ammon., f. 3ij 
Mucilaginis acaciae, f. 3 ij 
Quininae sulph., gr. viij 
Ac. sulphurici dih, f. 3 iv 
Potassii bicarb., 3 iss 
Aquae, q. s. ad f. 3 iv 
M. 
143. 
3 
Acidi nitrohydrochlorici, 3 vij 
Spiritus terebinthinae, 3 j 
Make emulsion, 3 iv 
Sig. Teaspoonful three times 
a day. 
144. 
3 
Potassii permanganatis, 2 Gm. 
Glycerini, 4 Gm. 
Aquae, q. s. ad 50 Cc. 
M. S. Apply externally, 
145. 
3 
Spiritus aetheris nit., f. 3 j 
Potassii citratis, 3 ij 
Syrupi, _ f. I j 
M. S. Capiat cochleare par- 
vum post prandium. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
146. 
3 
Hydrargyri chlor. cor., gr. ij 
Infusi cinchonas, | iv 
Sp. ammonias aromatici, 3ij 
M. S. Cochleare minimum 
bis in die. 
147. 
3 
Alum, 
Zinc sulphate, aa. 3 ij 
Lead acetate, 3 iss 
Tannic acid, 3 ss 
Mix. Label: One to two tea- 
spoonfuls in a pint of water. Use 
locally. 
148. 
3 
Cocaine hydrochlorate, gr. ij 
Salicylic acid, 3 ij 
Phenacetin, 
Exalgin, aa. 3 j 
Mix and make 30 powders. 
149. 
3 
Magnesias calc., | ss 
Sodii bicarb., 3 iij 
Sp. ammonias arom., f. 3 iv 
Tinct. zingiberis, f. 3 iij 
Syr. tolutani, f. | j 
Aq.menth. piper., q. s. ad f. | iv 
M. S. Dessertspoonful after 
meals. 
150. 
3 
Tinct. ferri chloridi, 3 iss 
Sodii hyposulphitis, 3 iss 
Potassii chloratis, 3 iij 
Quinines sulphatis, gr. xv 
Aquas, f. f ij 
M. S. Teaspoonful three times 
a day. 
151. 
3 
Acidi hydrobromici, TTj, x 
Phenacetini, gr, xl 
Quinines sulph., gr. xx 
Hydrargyri chlor. mit., gr. v 
Codeinas sulph., gr. ij 
Ext. nucis vomicas, gr. ij 
Misce et divide in partes 
asquales decern ingerendas in 
capsulas gelatinosas. 
Sig. Horum capsularum una 
sumatur omni trihorio. 
152. 
3 
Acidi hydrocyanici dih, H xxx 
Sodii bicarbonatis, 3 iv 
Syrupi, q. s. ad | ij 
M. S. Teaspoonful three times 
a day. 
153. 
3 
Acetanilid, 
Salol, aa. 3 j 
Monobromated camphor, 3ss 
Mix and make 40 pills. 
154. 
3 
Liquoris zinci chloridi, f. 3 j 
Hydrargyri chlor. cor., gr. iv 
Liquoris calcis, f. f ij 
Aquae, q. s. ad f. | iv 
Misce. Signa: Apply as di- 
rected. 
155. 
3 
Piperazin, 
Phenocoll hydrochlor., aa. 3j 
Syrup simple, 
Elixir aromatic, aa. f. 3 j 
Peppermint water, f. | j 
Water, enough to make f. |ij 
Misce et fiat sol. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS 
156. 
3 
Tinct. ferri chloridi, 3 Cc. 
Tinct. guaiaci ammon., 30 Cc. 
Tinct. aloes, 15 Cc. 
Syrupi, q. s. ad 120 Cc. 
M. 
157. 
$ 
Morph, sulph. ! ! !, gr. vij 
Ext. hyoscyami, gr. v 
Ext. cannabis indicae, gr. v 
Misce. Dispensa in capsulas 
decem. 
Signa Cursu noctis una su- 
matur. 
158. 
Ferri sulphatis, gr. xxx 
Acidi tannici, gr, x 
Syrupi, f.J j 
Aquae, f. f ij 
M. S. Teaspoonful every two 
hours. 
159. 
Chloral hydrate, gr. xl 
Camphor, gr. x 
Syrup of ginger, f. J ij 
Water, f. | iij 
Mix and mark : Teaspoonful 
three times a day. 
160. 
$ 
Ferri et quin, cit., 3 j 
Ac. phosphor, dih, f. 3 j 
Tinct. cardamomi co., f. 3 iij 
Syr. limonis, f. 3 ij 
Aquae, q. s. ad f. % ij 
M. S. Teaspoonful twice a 
day. 
161. 
5 
Potassii cyanidi, gr. iss 
Hydrarg. chlor. mitis, gr. xxiv 
Tragacanthae, 
Aquae, aa. quantum requiritur 
ut fiat massa in pilulas trigin- 
ta forrnanda. 
Signa : Capiat pilulas duas 
omni node. 
162. ' 
V 
Potassii bromidi, 3 vj 
Aquae camphorae, f. f vj 
M. S. Dessertspoonful before 
retiring at night. 
163. 
3 
Rochelle salt, 3 iv 
Elixir of vitriol, f. 3 ij 
Camphor water, 
enough to make f. 3 iij 
Mix and label : One ounce, to 
be repeated if necessary. 
164. 
I* 
Ext. gelsemii ft., TT[ xij 
Antipyrini, 3 ij 
Ammonii iodidi, gr. xx 
Liq. pot. arsenitis, f. 3 j 
Elixiris, q. s. ad f. | ij 
M. S. Teaspoonful every two 
or three hours. 
165. 
Tinct, digitalis, f. 3 ij 
Sp. ammon. arom., f, 3 iij 
Strychninae sulph., gr. ss 
Elix. calisayae, ad f. 3 vj 
Misce et signa: Cochleare 
parvum ter in die. 118 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
166. 
B 
Extract! cannab. ind. fl., f. 3 j 
Copaibae, f. 3 iv 
Tinct. guaiaci, 
01. terebinthinae, aa. f. 3 ij 
Tinct. camphorae, f. 3 iss 
Syr. zingiberis, q. s. ad f. §iv 
Misce. Fiat mistura. 
167. 
B 
Acidi carbolici, 3 j 
Collodii, 3 vij 
M. Ft. sol. 
Sig. Apply with camel-hair 
brush. 
168. 
5 
Fowler’s solution, f. 3 ij 
Infusion of cinchona, f. § vss 
Tinct. of nux vomica, f. 3ij 
Mix. 
169. 
5 
Liq. plumbi subacet., f. 3ss 
Muc. acaciae, f. § j 
Aq. destih, q. s. ad f. 3 iv 
M. Ft. lotio. 
170. 
B 
Silver nitrate, 1.5 Gm. 
Sodium chloride, 0.6 Gm. 
Water, 200 Cc. 
Mix. Label: Use as an eye- 
wash. 
171. 
B 
Lithii salicylatis, 3 ij 
Ferri et ammon. cit., 3 iv 
Syr. limonis, 
Aquae, aa. f. 3 iv 
M. 
172. 
$ 
Calcii hypophosphitis, gr. xv 
Hydrarg. chlor. cor., gr. ss 
Syr. sarsaparil. co., f. % ij 
M. S. Teaspoonful two or 
three times a day. 
173. 
B 
Hydrarg. chlor. mit., gr. x 
Santonini, gr. xij 
M. et fiat capsulae No. n. 
S. To be taken three hours 
apart. 
174. 
B 
Carbolic acid cryst., gr. c 
Gum arabic, | ss 
Benzoin, 
Balsam of tolu, aa. gr. x 
Essence of cinnamon, H v 
Saccharin, gr. v 
Alcohol, a suf. quant, to make 
f. 3 ij 
Mix and make a solution. 
175. 
$ 
Mercuric nitrate, gr. x 
Nitric acid cone., HI x 
Alcohol, f. 3 j 
Mix. Label : Apply with 
brush. 
176. 
B 
Cocainae hydrochlor., gr. v 
Sodas boratis, gr. ij 
Aquae dest., 3 j 
M. S. Drop one drop in right 
eye at night. 
177. 
Liq. hydrarg. chlor., 3 j 
Sp. ammon. arom., 3 vij 
M. Ft. sol. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
178. 
Quinmae sulph., 1.3 Gm. 
Sodii salicylatis, 15.5 Gm. 
Acidi hydrobromici dil., 
30.0 Cc. 
Aquae, q. s. ad 250.0 Cc. 
M. S. Teaspoonful every four 
hours. 
179. 
Ferri et quinin. cit, 2 Gm. 
Potassii iodidi, 5 Gm. 
Syrupi, 
Aquae, aa. 30 Cc. 
M. 
180. 
Strychninae sulph., gr. ss 
Potassii bromidi,, 3 iij 
Aquae, q. s. ad f. f iv 
Misce et signa : Teaspoonful 
three times a day. 
181. 
Calcii hypophosphitis, 
Sodii hypophosphitis, aa. 3ij 
Liq. potassii arsenitis, f. 3 j 
Tinct. ferri chlor., f. 3 j 
Ac. phosphorici dil., f. 3 j 
Strychninae sulph., gr. j 
Aquae, q. s. ad f. 3 iv 
M. S. Teaspoonful three times 
a day. 
182. 
5 
■ Hydrarg. chlor. mitis, gr. xx 
Syr. zingiberis, f. | j 
Ac. hydrochloric!, f. 3 j 
Elixiris, f. | j 
M. S. Dessertspoonful before 
going to bed. 
183. 
3 
Terpin hydrate, 3 ij 
lodol, gr. v 
Ammon, carbon., gr. xl 
Glycerin, | iss 
Syrup tolu, 
enough to make f. f iv 
Mix. Label: Tablespoonful 
every two hours. 
184. 
Potassii chloratis, gr. xx 
Catechu, gr. xxx 
M. et fiant pulv. No. vi. 
185. 
Menthol, 3 ss 
Boric acid, 3 j 
Tinct. of hydrastis, f. 3 ij 
Water, enough to make f. 3iv 
Mix. Mark : Use as spray. 
186. 
* 
FI. ext. of pinkroot, 
FI. ext. of senna, aa. f. | j 
Turpentine, f. 3 j 
Santonin, gr. xv 
FI. ext. of dandelion, f. 3 vij 
Syrup, f. | j 
Mix. Label: Teaspoonful 
morning, noon, and night. 
Shake well before using. 
187. 
$ 
Massae ferri carbon., 
Potassii carbonatis, aa. 3 ss 
Acidi arsenosi, gr. ss 
M. Ft. pil. No. xx. 
Sig. One after each meal. 120 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
188. 
B 
Zinci sulphatis, 
Cupri sulphatis, aa. 3 j 
Morphinae sulph., 3 ss 
Aquae rosae, q. s. ad | j 
M. S. One or two drops in 
the eyes twice a day. 
189. 
B 
Acidi sulphurici, 15 Gm. 
Acidi nitrici, 6 Gm. 
Syrupi, 20 Cc. 
Aquae, q. s. ad 150 Cc. 
M. S. Half teaspoonful well 
diluted with water after meals. 
190. 
B 
Acidi borici, 3 j 
Sodii boratis, 3 ij 
Mucil. acaciae, f. | iij 
Aq. menth. piper., q. s. ad f. | iv 
Misce. 
191. 
B 
Aquae hydrogenii diox., f j 
Potassii permangan., gr. xx 
Aquae, | j 
Misceatur conquassando. 
Signetur : Pars affecta fricetur 
nocte maneque. 
192. 
B 
Hydrargyri chlor. mit., gr. viij 
Acaciae, 3 ij 
Aquae lauro-cerasi, f. 3 ij 
M. S. Shake well. Teaspoon- 
ful at 8 and 10 o’clock p.m. 
193. 
B 
Thymol, gr. x 
Alcohol, f. | ss 
Ammonia, f. 3 ij 
Sol. of chlorinated soda, f. f iss 
Mix. Label: Use as spray. 
194. 
B 
Argentic nitrate, gr. x 
Cocaine, gr. xij 
Water, enough to make | j 
Mix and label : Lotion. 
195. 
B 
Tinct. ferri chloridi, f. 3 ij 
Quininae sulph., gr. xviij 
Spiritus chloroformi, f. 3 j 
Aquae pimentas, q. s. ad f. 3 iv 
M. 
396. 
B 
Quininae sulph., Sij 
Potassii citratis, 3 ij 
Acidi citrici, 3 j 
Aquae, q. s. ad f. | vj 
M. S. Cochleare medium post 
cibum. 
197. 
B 
Pilocarpinae hydrochlor., gr. -J 
Hydrarg. chlor. mitis, gr. £ 
Misce. Da tales numero octo. 
Signa: Horum pulverum su- 
matur unus nocte maneque. 
198. 
B 
Acidi sulphuric! cone., 3 ss 
Picis liquidae, § iv 
Potassii bichromatis, 3 iij 
Misce caute. 
Signa : Caustic for horse. 
199. 
B 
Ung. hydrarg. nitratis, 
Linimenti calcis, aa. 3 j 
Fiat unguentum, more dicto 
utendum. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
121 
200. 
3 
Ext. gelsemii fl., f. 3 iss 
Ext. cannabis ind. fl., gtt. xviij 
Chloralis, 3 iss 
Antipyrini, 3 j 
Aquae purae, f. 3 j 
M. S. One teaspoonful every 
four hours. 
201. 
3 
Liquoris ammonii acet., 30 Cc. 
Tinct. ferri chloridi, 15 Cc. 
Syrupi, q. s. ad 60 Cc. 
Misce. 
202. 
3 
Strychninae nitratis, gr. ij 
Liq. potassii arsenitis, f. 3ij 
Aquae, q. s. ad f. 3 iij 
M. S. Dram doses. 
203. 
3 
Potassii cyanidi, 3 ss 
Chloralis, 3 ij 
Cerati, % j 
Misce et signa : Unguentum. 
204. 
3 
Quininae sulph., ■ 2.0 Cm. 
Tinct. cantharidis, 3.5 Cc. 
Spiritus rosemarini, 15.0 Cc. 
Infusi salviae, 120.0 Cc. 
M. S. Apply to the scalp. 
205. 
3 
Zinci oxidi, 3 ij 
Zinci carbonatis, 3 j 
Petrolati, | ss 
Liquoris calcis, q. s. ad 3iv 
Misce. Signa: Apply with 
friction. 
206. 
Acidi salicylic!, 3 j 
Glycerini, 3 ij 
Aquae dest., | iij 
Misce et fiat sol. 
Signa: Teaspoonful every 
hour. 
207. 
9 
Hydrargyn chlor. mitis, gr. xxx 
Tinct. iodi B. P., 3 ij 
Aquae q. s. ad 1 iij 
M. S. To be painted on 
swelling on neck. 
208. 
3 
Cocain. hydrochlor., 
Morph, sulphatis, aa. gr. xv 
Chloralis hydratis, 
Camphorae, aa. 3 ij 
Tinct. cannabis ind., 
Chloroformi, 
ZEtheris, aa. f. § ij 
M. S. Ten drops in a tea- 
spoonful of water every two 
hours until relieved. 
209. 
Tinct. ferri chloridi, 3 ij 
Aquae ammoniae, 
q. s. to neutralize the acid 
Syrupi, f. ? ij 
Misce. Signa: Dessertspoon- 
ful three times a day. 
210. 
Sodii salicylatis, gr. xxx 
Spiritus aetheris nitrosi, Tip xxx 
Aquae, f. | ij 
Misce. Signa : Cochleare me- 
dium ter quotidie. 122 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
211. 
9 
Tinct. ferri chloridi, f. f ss 
Acidi sulphurosi, f. 3 ij 
Potassii chloratis, 3 ij 
Glycerini, f. 3 j 
Aquae, q. s. ad f. | vj 
Misce. Signa: Use with at- 
omizer. 
212. 
9 
Potassii nitratis, 
Sodii chloridi, 
Camphorae, aa. 3 Gm. 
Tincturae opii. 
Aquae, aa. 15 Cc. 
Alcoholis, q. s. ad 120 Cc. 
M. S. Apply with friction. 
213. 
9 
Hydrargyri chlor. cor., gr. xx 
Sodii boratis, 3 ij 
Aquae destil., 3 iv 
Fiat lotio. Saepe utenda. 
214. 
9 
Liq. potassii arsenitis, 
Syrupi ferri iodidi, aa. 3 ij 
Syrupi tolutani, | iss 
M. S. Teaspoonful three times 
a day 
215. 
9 
Piperazini, 3 j 
Teratur bene. Fiant pulveres 
duodecim. 
216. 
9 
Acidi gallici, 2 Gm. 
Liquoris sodae, 10 Cc. 
Aquae, 30 Cc. 
Misce. Fiat lotio. 
Signa : Applicetur modo dicto. 
217. 
Acidi carbolici cryst., gr. x 
Plumbi acetatis, gr. x 
Thymol, gr. xv 
Morphinas sulph., gr. ij 
Olei theobromatis, 3 iij 
Misce accuratissime. Fiant 
suppositoria numero decem. 
218. 
V 
Quinine sulphate, gr. xv 
Sodium benzoate, gr. x 
Aromat. sulphuric acid, TTX x 
Elixir, enough to make f. 3 j 
Mix. Label: One half tea- 
spoonful three times a day. 
219. 
9 
Mercuric chloride, gr. ij 
Tinct. chloride of iron, f. 3 j 
Quinine sulphate, 3 j 
Dilute hydrobromic acid, f. 3 j 
Water, to make f. 3 vj 
Mix. Label: Teaspoonful 
three times a day. 
220. 
9 
Raw linseed-oil, f. § viij 
Potassium nitrate, 
Lead acetate, 
Sulphuric acid, aa. 3 ss 
Carbolic acid, 3 ij 
Mix and label: Caustic. 
221. 
9 
Potassii acetatis, 3 viss 
Sodii bicarbonatis, 3 ij 
Morphinae sulphatis, gr. ij 
Tinct. ferri chlor., f. 3 j 
Quininae sulphatis, gr. x 
Aquae dest., q. s. ad f. 3 vj 
M. S. Teaspoonful three times, 
a day. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
123 
222. 
B 
Strychnine, gr. j 
Caffeine, gr. iij 
Arsenous acid, gr. j 
lodoform, gr. viij 
Syrup of hydriodic acid, f. 3 ij 
Syrupof hypophosphiteSjf. 3 vj 
Mix. Label : Teaspoonful 
four times a day. 
223. 
B 
lodoform, 3 ij 
Balsam of Peru, 3 iij 
Glycerin, 3 xiv 
Mix and mark: Apply as di- 
rected. 
224. 
B 
Carbolic acid, 
Vaselin, 
Bay rum, aa. % j 
Mix and use externally. 
225. 
B 
Tinct. ferri chlor., f. 3 ij 
Sodii salicylatis, 3 iv 
Liq. amnion, acet., f. | j 
01. gaultheriae, gtt. x 
Glycerini, f. 3 ss 
Aquae, q. s. ad f. 3 iv 
M. 
226. 
B 
Exalgin, gr. x 
Phenacetin, gr. xv 
Camphor, gr. v 
Salol, gr. xv 
Mix and make 10 powders. 
227. 
B 
Hydrarg. perchloridi, gr. ij 
Potassii iodidi, 3 ij 
Sp. chloroformi, 
Tinct. cinch onae, aa. f. 3 j 
Quininae sulph., 3 ss 
Aquae, § ij 
M. 
228. 
B 
Sp. ammonias arom., f. 3 ij 
Liquoris calcis, f. | iiss 
M. S. Dessertspoonful as 
needed. 
229. 
B 
Bismuthi subnitratis, 3 ij 
Spiritus ammonias arom., f. 3 iij 
Tinct. opii, gtt. xx 
Zinci acetatis, 3 j 
Syrupi, q. s. ad f. 3 iij 
M. S. Teaspoonful every 
three hours until relieved. 
230. 
B 
Pyrogallol, 
Camphor, 
Alcohol, aa. 3 j 
Mix and make a liniment. 
Label : Use as directed. 
231. 
B 
Plumbi acetatis, 
Ammonii carbonatis, aa. 3 j 
Aquae rosae. f. | viij 
Fiat lotio. Signa : Apply on 
lint to allay irritation. 
232. 
B 
Ergotinae, gr. xx 
Apioli, 3 iss 
Olei sabinae, 3 ss 
Mix and make 18 pills. 124 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
239. 
3 
Sodii bicarbonatis, 3 ij 
Sodii salicylatis, 3 iv 
Chloroformi, 3 ss 
Acidi carbohci, TR x 
Aquae fontanae, q. s. ad 3iv 
M. 
240. 
n 
Antipyrin, 
Acetanilid, aa. 2 Gm, 
Resorcin, 3 Gm. 
Water, 100 Cc. 
Mix. Label : Teaspoonful 
every hour until the fever begins 
to subside. 
241. 
3 
Cocaine hydrochlor., 0.8 Gm. 
Flexible collodion, 10,0 Gm. 
Mix. Apply with camel-hair 
brush, 
242. 
9 
Atropine sulphate, gr. ij 
Olive oil, 3 j 
Mix. Label: Apply with fric- 
tion. 
243. 
n 
Chromic acid, gr. iv 
Cocaine hydrochlorate, gr. vj 
Water, 3 ij 
Mix. Use as caustic. 
244. 
Sp. aetheris nitrosi, 
Tincturae guaiaci, aa. f. 3 j 
Tincturae colchici, f. 3 iv 
Syrupi, f. 3 iij 
M. 
233. 
5 
Sodii salicylatis, 3 ij 
Quininae sulph., gr. xxiv 
Hydrargyri chlor. cor., gr. f 
Liq. potassii arsenitis, TR xlviij 
Elixiris aromatici, q. s. ad f. 3 iij 
M. 
234. 
5 
FI. ext. hydrastis colorless, f. | j 
Sodium bicarbonate, 
Bismuth subnitrate, aa. | ss 
Borax, 3 ij 
Honey, § ss 
Peppermint water, 
enough to make 3 vj 
Mix. Label : Shake well. 
Teaspoonful before meals. 
235. 
3 
lodine, gr. xxx 
Compound camphor lin., f. 3 iij 
Soap liniment, 
enough to make f. 3 ij 
Mix. Label: Apply as directed. 
236. 
5 
Acidi carbolici, 3 iij 
Aquae ammoniae, 
Liq. sod. chloratae, aa. 3 ij 
Aquae, q. s. ad f. 3 viij 
M. S. Lotion. 
237. 
3 
Pulv. oryzae, 3 iiss 
Plumbi oxidi, 
Glycerini, aa. 3 viiss 
Acidi acetici dil., f. § ij 
Mix and boil down to 20 drams. 
238. 
3 
Calomel, gr. x 
Sodium bicarb., gr. xx 
Sugar, powd., gr. xl 
Mix and make 40 powders. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
125 
245. 
5 
Zinci sulphatis, 
Pot. sulphuratae, aa. gr. xxx 
Aquae rosae, § vj 
Mix. Label : Lotion. 
246. 
3 
Strychnine sulph., gr. j 
Arsenous acid, gr. f 
Mass carb. of iron, gr. 1 
Sulphuric acid aromat., gtt. iij 
Quinine sulphate, gr. xx 
Mix and divide into 20 pills. 
247. 
5 . 
Silver nitrate, gr. x 
Potassium permanganate, gr. xv 
Distilled water, f ij 
Mix. Use as wash. 
248. 
9 
Guaiacol carbonate, gr. iij 
Thymol, gr. j 
Menthol, gr. ss 
Eucalyptol, v 
For one capsule. Send 20 
such. 
249. 
V 
Benzoic acid, 
Salicylic acid, aa. gr. iij 
Cocaine hydrochlorate, gr. v 
Distilled water, 3 j 
Mix and make solution by aid 
of water-bath. 
Label : Apply locally. 
250. 
5 
Antikamnia, 3 j 
Strychnine sulph., gr. j 
Iron sulphate, dried, gr. iij 
Quinine sulphate, 3 j 
Mix and put into 9 capsules. 
Label : One every night and 
morning. 
251. 
5 
Oil of cinnamon, gtt. x 
Chloroform, 
Tincture of opium, 
Spirit of camphor, 
Aromat. spirit of ammonia, 
aa. f. 3 v 
Whiskey, | iss 
Mix. Dose: One dram as 
needed. 
252. 
Argenti nitratis, gr. vj 
Liquoris Fowlcri, f. 3 j 
Aquae, q. s. ad f. 3 iv 
M. S. Teaspoonful twice a 
day. 
253. 
n 
Syr. of hydriodic acid, 
Hydrogen peroxide water, 
Distilled water, aa. f. § j 
Mix. Give one teaspoonful 
every hour. 
254. 
n 
Olei ricini, 
Glycerini, aa. 20 Cc. 
M. S. Tablespoonful at night. 
255. 
$ 
Pot. et sodii tartratis, 20 Gm. 
Tincturae ferri chloridi, 5 Cc. 
Aquae, 
Syrupi limonis, aa. 50 Cc. 
256. 
Borax, gr. x 
Acacia, 3 ij 
Petroline oil, f. 3 j 
Water, enough to make f. 3ij 
Mix and make an emulsion. 126 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
257. 
Syr. ferri iodidi, f. | j 
Antipyrini, 3 ij 
Syrupi, f. % j 
M. S. Teaspoonful as di- 
rected. 
258. 
$ 
Acidi carbolici, 3 j 
Potassii permanganatis, gr. xx 
Aquae, f. f v 
M. S. Lotion. 
259. 
Plumbi acetatis, 
Boracis, aa. 1 Gm. 
Glycerini, 20 Cc. 
Aquas, 80 Cc. 
M. S. Apply as directed. 
260. 
Acidi tannici, gr. xv 
Tincturae iodi, f. 3 j 
Glycerini, f. 3 ij 
Aquae, f. 3 v 
M. S. Apply twice a day. 
261. 
Potassii chloratis, 3 j 
Acidi sulphurosi, 3 iv 
Glycerini, 3 iij 
Aquae, | j 
M. S. Mix one teaspoonful 
with a glass of water and use as 
a gargle. 
262. 
n 
Acidi chromici, 5 Gm. 
Glycerini, 
Alcoholis, aa. 5 Cc. 
M. S. Caustic. 
263. 
Ammoniated mercury* 3 ss 
Tincture of iodine, 3 ss 
Lard, _ 3 j 
Mix and make an ointment. 
264. 
5 
Salol, gr. xxx 
Tincture chlor. of iron, f. 3ij 
Syrup, enough to make f. 3 iij 
M. S. Teaspoonful three times 
a day. 
265. 
S 
Tinct. of iodine, f. 3 ij 
Collodion, f. 3 iij 
Ammonia water, f. 3 ; 
Mix. Apply with camel-hair 
brush. 
266. 
5 
Liq. iodi comp., f. 3 ij 
Liq. potassae, f. 3 iv 
Olei olivae, f. § j 
M. S. Apply as directed. 
267. 
3 
Tinct. chloride of iron, f. 3 j 
Sol. of arsenous acid, f. 3 ss 
Quinine sulphate, gr. x 
Cinnamon water, f. 3 ij 
Mix. Label; Teaspoonful 
three times a day. 
268. 
5 
Pyrogallic acid, gr. v 
Mercuric chloride, gr. ss 
Lard, f j 
Mix and make an ointment. 
269. 
I* 
Exalgin, gr. iv 
Beta-naphthol, gr. xij 
Lard, 3 iv 
Mix. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
127 
270. 
B 
Olei tiglii, gtt. ij 
Glycerini, f. 3 j 
M. S. Take in two doses four 
hours apart. 
271. 
B 
Plumbi acetatis, gr. x 
Acidi pyrogallici, gr. v 
Aquae, | ij 
M. S. Lotion. 
272. 
B 
Olei morrhuae, f. 3 iv 
Acaciae, 3 j 
Syrupi tolutani, f. 3 iv 
Sodii boratis, gr. xv 
Aquae, q. s. ad f. f ij 
M. S. Teaspoonful three times 
a day. 
273. 
B 
Strychninae sulph., 
Potassii cyanidi, aa. gr. ss 
Aquae, q. s. ad f. 3 ij 
M. S. Teaspoonful night and 
morning. 
274. 
B 
Glycerini, 3 iij 
Sodii boratis, 3 ss 
Unguenti, 3 iij 
M. S. Apply at night. 
275. 
B 
Mercuric chloride, gr. j 
Tartar emetic, gr. v 
Syrup of squills, f. 3 ij 
Mix and label: Half teaspoon- 
ful as directed. 
276. 
B 
Morphine hydrochlor., gr. iss 
Codeine, gr. iij 
Ammonium chloride, gr. xx 
Water, enough to make f. fij 
Mix and label : Teaspoonful 
every two hours for cough. 
277. 
B 
Calcis calcinatae, 3 ij 
Sulphuris, 3 iij 
Aquae, f. | iv 
Mix and boil for ten minutes 
and then filter. 
Label: Use as directed. 
278. 
B 
Zinci oxidi, 3 ij 
Glycerini, f. 3 ij 
Liq. plumbi subacetatis, f. 3 j 
Liquoris calcis, q. s. ad f. 3iv 
M. S. Lotion. 
279. 
B 
Calcis chloratae, 
Glycerini, aa. 10 Gm. 
M. S. Apply as directed. 
280. 
B 
Cupri sulphatis, gr. xxx 
Acidi salicylici, gr. iv 
Aquae, f. | iv 
M. S. Lotion. 
281. 
B 
Acidi salicylici, gr. x 
Potassii permangan., gr. xv 
Ferri sulphatis, 3 iv 
Aquae, q. s. ad f. | viij 
M. S. Lotion for ulcer. 128 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
282. 
n 
Quininae sulphatis, 3 ss 
Tinct. ferri chlor., f. 3 ij 
Syrupi zingiberis, f. | ij 
Tinct. guaiaci ammon., f. | j 
M. S. Teaspoonful twice a 
day. 
283. 
5 
Quininae sulph., 
Potassii permangan., 
Ferri reducti, aa. gr. x 
Misce. Fiant pilulae No. x. 
Sig. Pil. j ter in die. 
284. 
Strychninae, gr. j 
Glycerini, TT[ xxx 
Aquae, q. s. ad f. 3 iij 
M. S. Inject ten minims. 
286. 
£ 
Acidi carbolici cryst., gr. xxx 
Thymol, gr. x 
Vaselini, 
Cerati, aa. 3 j 
M. S. Unguentum. 
286. 
Liquoris bismuthi, 
Mucilaginis, aa. f. | j 
M. S. Teaspoonful every four 
hours. 
287. 
Quinine sulph., gr. 1 
Podophyllin, gr. iv 
Tinct. chlor. of iron, f. 3 iiss 
Tinct. of rhubarb, f. 3 iss 
Mix. 
288. 
Powdered camphor, gr. Ixx 
Lead acetate, gr. 1 
Tinct. of iodine, TTf 1 
Carbolic acid, gr. xx 
Mix and make 24 pills. 
289. 
5 
Quininae sulphatis, gr. xx 
Potassii iodidi, 3 ij 
Acidi citrici, gr. xx 
Aquae, f. | ij 
M. S. Teaspoonful three times 
a day. 
290. 
Phenacetin, gr. xv 
Tincture ferric chloride, f. 3 ij 
Water, enough to make f. §ij 
Mix and label: Teaspoonful 
twice a day. 
291. 
3 
Sodium salicylate, 
Sodium benzoate, aa. 3 j 
Tannic acid, gr. x 
Carbolic acid, gtt. xij 
Lime water, f. 3 iv 
Mix. Label: Teaspoonful half 
hour after meals. 
292. 
Gallic acid, gr. x 
Lime water, f. § iv 
Mix. One dessertspoonful in 
two ounces of milk. 
293. 
Potassii chloratis, 3 j 
Aquae bullient., f. § i 
Liq. morph, hydrochlor., B. P., 
f- 3 j 
Syrupi tolutani, f. | ij 
M. S. Teaspoonful when 
coughing. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
294. 
B 
Syrupi acidi hydriodici, f. 3 vj 
Ext. cinchonae fl., f. 3 j 
Liq. hydrarg. chlor. cor. 
(1-500), f. 3 ij 
Syrupi, f. 3 vij 
Misce et signa: Teaspoonful 
every four hours. 
295. 
B 
Ung. hydrargyri, % ss 
Aquae ammoniae, 
Lin. camphorae, aa. f. | ss 
M. S. Liniment. Apply as 
directed. 
296. 
B 
Syr. ferri iodidi, f. 3 iv 
Syr. hypophosphitum, f. 3 j 
Quininae sulph., 3 j 
Acidi phosphorici dil., f. 3 iij 
M. 
297. 
B 
Calcii hypophosphitis, 3 j 
Aquae, f. § ij 
Tinct. ferri chlor., f. 3 iv 
Morph, sulphatis, gr. iv 
Syrupi tolutani, f. 3 ij 
M. S. Teaspoonful three times 
a day. 
298. 
B 
Hydrargyri chlor. cor., gr. iv 
Sodii arsenitis, gr. iiss 
Strychninae sulph., gr. £ 
Potassii carbonatis, 
Ferri sulph. exsic., aa. gr. x 
Misce et fiant pilulae No. x. 
299. 
B 
Calomel, 3 ij 
Soap, 3 ij 
Cotton-seed oil, f. § j 
Water, f. | j 
Mix. Label : Apply with fric- 
tion. 
300. 
B 
Liq. sodii arsenatis, 3 ij 
Potassii iodidi, gr. xl 
Quininae sulph., 3 j 
Acidi sulph. dil., f. 3 j 
Aquae, q. s. ad f. 3 iij 
M. S. Teaspoonful twice a 
day. 
301. 
3 
Balsami Peruviani, 4 Gm. 
Ext. glycyrrhizae, q. s. 
Misce. Make 10 pills. 
Signa : One night and morn- 
ing. 
302. 
B 
Acidi hyd. dil., 20 Cc. 
Aquae, 100 Cc. 
M. Sig. Teaspoonful in water 
after meals. 
303. 
B 
Petrolatum, 30 Gm. 
Oxide of zinc, 4 Gm. 
Glycerin, 5 Gm. 
Gum tragacanth, 5 Gm. 
Mix and make ointmem. 
Label: Apply as directed. 
304. 
B 
Potassii iodidi, 2 Gm. 
Divide into 12 powders. 
Take one dissolved in water at 
night. 130 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
305. 
lodi resublim., gr. xl 
Adipis, | j 
M. S. Rub over the affected 
part. 
306. 
Potass, chloratis, 3 ij 
Syr. ferri iodidi, | ss 
Quininae sulph., 3j 
Ac. sulphuric! dil., TH, xx 
Aquae, q. s. ad f ij 
M. S. Teaspoonful after each 
meal. 
307. 
3 
Tincture of aconite, FI xx 
Phenacetin, gr. xl 
Spirit of nitrous ether, (f. 3 v 
Syrup, f. 3 iij 
Water f. 1 ij 
Mix and label : Teaspoonful 
every two hours until the fever 
subsides. 
308. 
B 
Bals. copaibae, 
Pulv. cubebae, aa. 3 j 
Misce et fiant pilulae No. xx. 
Signa : One night and morn- 
ing. 
309. 
3 
Bismuth! subnit., 3 j 
Sodii salicylatis, 3 j 
Aquae cinnamomi, § ij 
M. S. Shake well! Teaspoon- 
ful twice a day. 
310. 
I* 
Chloral hydrate, 3 j 
Phenacetin, gr. xl 
Quinine sulphate, gr. 1 
Mix and put into 10 capsules, 
Label: Take one at night. 
311. 
Aloin, gr. ij 
Salol, gr. xl 
Tinct. of hyoscyamus, 3 iss 
Ext. of jalap, gr. x 
Strychnine sulph., gr. £ 
Mix and make 20 pills. 
Label: Take one at night. 
312. 
Salicylic acid, gr. xx 
Glycerin, f. | j 
Lime water, f. 1 v 
Mix. Label: Tablespoonful 
twice a day. 
313. 
Acetanilid, 3 ij 
Tinct. of ferric chloride, f. 3 v 
Water, enough to make f. 3iv 
Make solution with the aid of 
heat. 
Label: Teaspoonful three 
times a day. 
314. 
$ 
Potassii bichromatis, gr. x 
Ferri sulphatis, 3 iss 
Aq. hydrogenii dioxidi, 
Glycerini, aa. f. | j 
Aquae dest., q. s. ad f. | iv 
M. S. Lotion. 
315. 
lodoform, gr. xxx 
Boric acid, 3 j 
Calomel, gr. xx 
Bismuth subnitrate, 3 j 
Mix. Label: Dust on abraid- 
ed surface as directed. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
131 
316. 
Glyc. boroglycerini, | j 
Hydrargyri chlor. cor., gr. ij 
Aquae, q. s. ad § iv 
M. S. Apply to ulcer. 
317. 
Tinct. iodi comp., f. 3 ij 
Acidi salicylici, 3 j 
Glycerini, f. | iss 
Aquae, enough to make f. 3 iv. 
Mix and label: Paint over the 
affected part several times a day. 
318. 
Citrate of iron and quin., 3 iiss 
Carbolic acid, 
Tinct. of lavender co., aa. 3 ss 
Wine, enough to make 3iv 
Mix. Label: Teaspoonful 
three times a day. 
319. 
3 
Diuretin, gr. x 
Sp. of nitrous ether, TTt xxx 
Tinct. chlor. of iron, 3 iv 
Syrup, enough to make f. §ij 
Mix. Label: Teaspoonful 
three times a day. 
320. 
3 
Quinine sulph., gr. x 
Antipyrin, gr. x 
Chloral hydrate, gr. xx 
Mix and put into 8 capsules. 
Label: One every two hours. 
321. 
9 
Pilocarpine, gr. j 
Terpin hydrate, 3j 
Glycerin, f. 3 ij 
Syrup of tolu, f. | iss 
Water, f. § iss 
Mix and make a solution. 
Teaspoonful five times a day. 
322. 
Syr. ferri iodidi, f. | iss 
Potass, iodidi, 3 j 
Potass, bicarbon., 3 j 
Syr. tolutani, f. | ss 
Aquae, f. § ij 
M. S. Teaspoonful three times 
a day. 
323. 
Acetanilid, gr. v 
Phenacetin, gr. x 
Pyrocatechin, gr. x 
Mix and put into io capsules. 
Label : One every four hours. 
324. 
Quininae sulph., 3 j 
Ferri phosphatis sol., 3 ij 
Strychninae sulph., gr. j 
Acidi phosphoric! dil., f. 3ss 
Syrupi zingiberis, f. 3 ij 
Aquae, q. s. ad f. | iv 
M. S. Teaspoonful three times 
a day. 
325. 
Ferri et potass, tartratis, 3ss 
Potassii iodidi, 3 ss 
Quininae sulphatis, gr. xv 
Acidi sulphuric! dil., Til, xx 
Syrupi, f. | ss 
Aquae, q. s. ad f. | ij 
M. S. Teaspoonful twice a 
day. CRITICISMS. 
1. 
When solutions of the first two ingredients are mixed 
together the insoluble mercuric iodide is formed, and this is 
redissolved in excess of potassium iodide, forming potassium 
mercuric iodide, or, as it is commonly known, Mayer’s 
reagent. This compound precipitates the alkaloids of cin- 
chona in the elixir. The alcohol in the elixir is a solvent for 
this precipitate, but upon addition of the syrup the alcohol is 
too dilute to exercise much of a solvent effect. The syrup 
of rhubarb is generally turbid, and it will also cause a pre- 
cipitation of some of the matter from the elixir of cinchona. 
The danger in such a prescription is that the patient may 
take most of the precipitate at one time and thereby take an 
overdose of the mercuric iodide, which is thrown out of solu- 
tion with the alkaloids. In 4 fluid ounces of the elixir of 
cinchona there should be 2.8 grains of total alkaloids. This 
amount of alkaloids will precipitate about 4 grains of mercuric 
iodide. In this prescription most of the mercury will be 
precipitated. 
2. 
There is enough of ammonium carbonate present to 
neutralize all of the sulphuric acid and liberate the free 
alkaloid. The quinine sulphate should be dissolved in part 
of the syrup with the aid of the acid, and the carbonate in 
the remainder of the syrup. These two solutions should be 
cooled thoroughly before mixing, because when warm the 
free alkaloid collects in sticky masses and it is impossible to 
get it evenly divided. 133 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
3. 
If the ingredients are powdered separately and then 
mixed lightly together there will probably be no danger of 
explosion, and no chemical reaction will take place while the 
powder is dry. But when taken into the stomach the 
potassium chlorate with the hydrochloric acid of the gastric 
juice will undoubtedly oxidize the calomel, forming mercuric 
chloride. When one of the above powders was mixed with 
two ounces of water containing four per cent, of hydrochloric 
acid and the mixture allowed to stand for some time tests 
for mercuric chloride could be obtained. The reaction would 
have taken place much more quickly at the temperature of 
the body. This should be considered a dangerous prescrip- 
tion to dispense. 
4. 
Chemical reaction takes place between the ammonium car- 
bonate and the acetic acid of the syrup of squills, liberating 
carbon dioxide. Care must be taken not to cork the bottle 
until effervescence has entirely ceased. 
5. 
This prescription was filled by dissolving the quinine sul- 
phate in the acid and mixing with the mucilage, and then 
adding the oil of cloves. The potassium permanganate was 
dissolved in a little water and added slowly to the other 
mixture. Dark-brown masses were formed, consisting of 
coagulated acacia holding in it the manganese dioxide, the 
permanganate being reduced. It was almost impossible to 
mix these masses so as to make a homogeneous mixture or 
even one that would pour readily. The patient using this 
prescription had it refilled several times. 134 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
6. 
The alcohol of the tincture throws the acacia out of solu- 
tion. Moreover, the guaiac gives the acacia a blue color. 
With the consent of the physician the prescription was filled 
by using glycerin and water instead of mucilage. 
7. 
The sodium hypophosphite is deliquescent in damp air 
and the powders become moist. Chemical reaction then 
takes place, causing the mixture to become yellow and finally 
black. The hypophosphite reduces the bismuth to a yellow 
and then a black compound, in which the quantivalence of 
bismuth is two, while the hypophosphite is oxidized to a 
phosphate. The dampening of the extract of nux vomica 
also tends to darken the mixture. The directions translated 
into English are: Mix, make a powder, and divide it into 25 
equal parts. 
8. 
The mercuric chloride combines with the sodium and 
ammonium iodides, forming insoluble mercuric iodide, which 
redissolves in excess of the alkali iodides, forming a double 
compound that precipitates some of the constituents of the 
compound syrup of sarsaparilla. Ammonium iodide very 
frequently contains a little free iodine, which probably com- 
bines with some of the organic matter present in the syrup. 
There is no danger of the potassium chlorate liberating iodine 
from the iodides so long as the mixture is neutral or alkaline. 
Corrosive sublimate is slowly reduced to calomel by the 
compound syrup of sarsaparilla. (U. S. Dispens., 17th ed., 
689.) INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
135 
9. 
If the first two ingredients are triturated together an 
explosion is liable to occur. If, however, they be dissolved 
separately in the water and then mixed there is probably no 
danger. If the solution were acid chemical reaction would 
take place with the formation of hydrochloric and phosphoric 
acids. 
IG. 
When potassium permanganate and morphine sulphate 
are brought together in solution the permanganate is reduced 
to manganese dioxide and the morphine is oxidized and most 
of it probably rendered inert. Dr. Mohr proposed potassium 
permanganate as an antidote for morphine-poisoning, but it 
probably has very little effect except upon the morphine with 
which it comes in immediate contact. 
11. 
This mixture is quite frequently prescribed by physicians, 
even by those who know that it is incompatible. A chemical 
reaction takes place between the nitrous ether and the tannin 
in the buchu, causing an evolution of oxides of nitrogen. 
The gas must be allowed to escape before corking the bottle. 
Some of the resinous matter in the fluid extract will be pre- 
cipitated by the water. 
12. 
The tannin in the tincture of digitalis makes a black inky 
mixture with the tincture of iron. The phosphoric acid 
added to the tincture of iron before the two tinctures are 
mixed partially prevents, or if added after partially destroys. 136 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
the inky color, the final mixture being dark brown and turbid. 
If two drams of dilute phosphoric acid be added to the tinc- 
ture chloride of iron the mixture becomes entirely colorless, 
due to the formation of ferric phosphate, and on the subse- 
quent addition of a tannin solution the black color is not 
produced. 
13. 
The quinine sulphate and the lead acetate react, forming 
quinine acetate and lead sulphate, both of which are practi- 
cally insoluble in the syrup. The bismuth subnitrate is also 
insoluble. In filling this prescription it is best to add some 
acacia to aid in suspending the insoluble substances. A 
“ Shake well ” label should be put on the bottle. 
14. 
Alum, being a soluble sulphate, will react with the lead 
acetate, precipitating the insoluble lead sulphate according to 
the following equation: 
4Pb(C,H.O,). + K.A1.(50.).24H!0 
= 4PbSO. + 2KC.H.O. + A1,(C,H.0.). + 24H.0. 
The precipitate should not be filtered out. 
15. 
The tannic acid combines with the quinine, forming the 
nearly insoluble quinine tannate. This prescription should 
be filled by dissolving the quinine sulphate in a part of the 
syrup with the aid of the sulphuric acid. The tannic acid 
should be dissolved in the remainder of the syrup and this 
gradually added to the other solution with constant stirring. 
Both solutions should be cold, because if mixed when warm INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
137 
the precipitate formed is sticky and will make a mass that 
cannot be evenly divided. 
16. 
Emulsify the cod-liver by adding it in portions to the lime 
water in a bottle. Then add the oil of wintergreen, the 
syrup, and the syrup iodide of iron. The calcium hydrate of 
the lime water saponifies a small amount of the cod-liver oil, 
which soap helps to emulsify the balance of the oil. When 
the syrup of ferrous iodide is added to the mixture containing 
the calcium hydrate ferrous hydrate is precipitated. Ferrous 
hydrate if free from ferric hydrate is white, but it quickly 
oxidizes to ferroso-ferric hydrate, which varies from a dirty 
green to almost black. After some time it is oxidized to a 
yellow-brown basic ferric oxide. This prescription will go 
through these various colors. 
17 
Donovan’s solution precipitates many alkaloids from 
aqueous solutions of their salts. Quinine is no exception. 
This prescription was filled by dissolving the quinine sulphate 
in most of the syrup with the aid of the acid; dissolving the 
potassium iodide in the remaining syrup and adding to the 
first solution. Donovan’s solution was then slowly added 
with constant stirring and the prescription sent out with a 
“Shake well ’’ label. The danger in such a prescription does 
not come from the quinine which is precipitated, but the 
mercuric salt which is precipitated with the quinine. In 
concentrated solutions of quinine potassium iodide gives a 
precipitate. 
18. 
There is not a sufficient amount of water to dissolve all of 
the quinine sulphate. If the sodium salicylate is dissolved INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
in part of the syrup and the quinine is mixed with the 
balance of the syrup and these two brought together a bulky 
gelatinous precipitate of quinine salicylate is formed. The 
resulting mixture is so thick that it can be poured only with 
difficulty. 
19. 
The mercuric chloride precipitates the strychnine sulphate 
as a double compound, which is soluble in a fairly strong 
alcohol, less soluble in the presence of hydrochloric acid. 
This prescription deposits a precipitate of long needle-shaped 
crystals on standing a few hours, but not immediately on 
filling. If the first ingredient is omitted no precipitation 
takes place within at least twenty-four hours, although there 
is danger of precipitation after the patient has received it. 
The addition of a few drops of hydrochloric acid quickly 
brings it down. This prescription as written should not be 
filled. If the mercuric chloride be omitted there will be but 
little danger of precipitation. 
20. 
If the first two ingredients are dissolved in separate por- 
tions of the elixir and then mixed a clear solution results. 
This, however, becomes turbid in a few minutes, and the 
liquid separates into two layers, the upper one having some- 
what of an oily appearance. This oily liquid is chloral alco- 
holate, formed from the chloral hydrate and the alcohol of 
the elixir. Just what part the potassium bromide takes in 
the reaction seems not to be well understood, unless it be to 
render the alcoholate less soluble in the elixir. Other 
inorganic salts, such as sodium bromide or sodium chloride, 
act in a similar way. If there is not more than about ten 
grains of chloral hydrate and ten grains of potassium bromide INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
139 
in a dram of the solution there is but little danger of the 
chloral alcoholate separating. Chloral alcoholate is more 
soluble in alcohol than it is in water, and by the addition of 
a little more alcohol the separation of the two fluids can 
sometimes be prevented. This prescription when filled as 
written may be considered a dangerous one. Several cases 
have been reported where alarming symptoms have been 
caused by the taking of a teaspoonful of chloral alcoholate. 
21. 
A reaction takes place between the first two ingredients, 
with the precipitation of lead sulphate. All of the lead is 
precipitated. If the lead subacetate is dissolved in water and 
then added to the tinctures it will precipitate the alkaloids 
of the opium as well as other matter. Water also causes a 
precipitation of the resinous matter from the tinctures. This 
prescription should be dispensed without filtering, but with a 
“ Shake well ” label. 
22. 
Mercuric chloride combines with albumen to form a com- 
pound insoluble in water. The presence of an equal weight 
or more of sodium or ammonium chloride prevents to a con- 
siderable extent the formation of the precipitate. “By 
dissolving one part of corrosive sublimate and a hundred 
parts of common salt in distilled water and evaporating to 
dryness a soluble [double] preparation is obtained which does 
not coagulate albumen,” (U. S. Dispens., 689.) If this 
prescription were filled as directed it would be practically 
inert. By adding three or four grains of ammonium chloride 
to the mercuric chloride, dissolving this in about one half the 
water and the albumen in the remainder of the water, and 
mixing these solutions, a nearly clear solution can be 
obtained. 140 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
23. 
Sodium phosphate requires 5.8 parts of water to dissolve 
it; consequently in this prescription it would not be all dis- 
solved. It should be powdered before adding to the syrup 
and water and the prescription then dispensed with a “ Shake 
well ” label. 
24. 
The syrup of garlic contains acetic acid, which combines 
with the ammonium of the ammonium carbonate, liberating 
carbon dioxide. The reaction should be completed before 
the bottle containing the solution is corked, or the pressure 
of the gas formed may be sufficient to burst the bottle. 
25. 
The zinc is entirely precipitated by the borax, producing 
a white flocculent precipitate of zinc borate or hydrate. The 
prescriber should be advised of this fact. If the prescription 
is dispensed the precipitate should be filtered out. 
26. 
The spirit of nitrous ether is generally acid in reaction, 
and when an acid solution of nitrous ether is brought in con- 
tact with potassium iodide, iodine is liberated and the gas 
nitric oxide is formed. This prescription should not be 
filled on account of the free iodine formed. 
27. 
Several chemical reactions occur, depending on the order 
of mixing the ingredients. The possible reactions are as 
follows: 1. The potassium iodide in the compound tincture INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
141 
of iodine when mixed with a solution of ferric chloride forms 
free iodine, potassium chloride, and ferrous chloride. 2. 
Fowler’s solution is alkaline, due to the presence of potassium 
bicarbonate and perhaps some normal potassium carbonate. 
This carbonate neutralizes part of the free hydrochloric acid 
when mixed with the tincture of iron, forming potassium 
chloride and carbon dioxide. 3. Ferric chloride with phos- 
phoric acid forms the colorless ferric phosphate, which is 
insoluble in water, but soluble in water containing free acid. 
4, Tincture chloride of iron dissolves quinine sulphate, the 
free acid of the tincture combining with the quinine sulphate 
to form a more soluble compound. 5. The iron combines 
with tannic acid in the rhubarb, forming the black tannate of 
iron. 6. The free iodine in the compound tincture of iodine 
combines with sulphate of quinine, forming an insoluble 
compound. 7. The free iodine will also combine with the 
tannin in the rhubarb. 8. The alkali in Fowler’s solution 
will neutralize part of the phosphoric acid when mixed with 
it. 9. The alkali in Fowler’s solution when mixed with 
a solution of quinine sulphate combines with the sulphuric 
acid, liberating and precipitating the free alkaloid. 10. The 
phosphoric acid is a solvent for quinine sulphate, probably 
combining with it and under certain circumstances again 
precipitating it. 11. A solution of quinine sulphate is pre- 
cipitated by the tannic acid of the rhubarb, forming the 
insoluble tannate of quinine. 
In whatever way the ingredients are mixed the combina- 
tion is an extremely inelegant one; it is black and inky in 
color and taste, and the quinine and rhubarb are not in solu- 
tion. 
28 
Pure ferric pyrophosphate is insoluble in water. The 
official pyrophosphate of iron is a mixture of ferric pyrophos- 
phate and sodium citrate. The sodium citrate in solution 142 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
acts as a solvent for the pyrophosphate. When sulphuric 
acid is added to a solution of the official iron pyrophosphate 
the sodium citrate is decomposed, forming sodium sulphate 
and citric acid, and the ferric pyrophosphate, not being solu- 
ble in this solution, is precipitated. To determine whether 
the quinine would be precipitated as a pyrophosphate or not 
fifteen grains of sodium pyrophosphate were dissolved in six 
drams of water and this added to a solution of quinine sul- 
phate in water acidulated with sulphuric acid. No precipita- 
tion occurred at once or on standing several days. 
29. 
This makes a clear brownish-red solution, which on stand- 
ing two or three days loses much of its color, becoming light 
brown. On applying the starch test for free iodine no blue 
color was obtained. According to Muir and Morley (vol. I. 
p. 669), iodine with camphor forms a hydrocarbon, carvacrol, 
dimethylethyl benzene, tetramethyl benzene, and traces of 
cymene. 
30. 
An old specimen of bismuth and ammonium citrate is 
generally not entirely soluble in water unless a little ammonia 
water is added. At best the solution of this salt is usually 
slightly alkaline, and the pepsin on being added to this is 
rendered inert by the alkali. If, however, the hydrochloric 
acid is used in dissolving the pepsin in water and this solution 
added to the bismuth and ammonium citrate dissolved in the 
balance of the water the action of the pepsin will not be 
destroyed, but a precipitation will take place. This precipi- 
tate is bismuth citrate, the hydrochloric acid breaking up the 
double salt and combining with the ammonia. Pepsin should 
not be prescribed with bismuth and ammonium citrate, as one 
or the other loses much of its activity. When such a pre- INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
143 
scription is to be filled it is best to dissolve each ingredient 
separately, making each solution neutral before mixing them. 
31. 
When the sulphurous acid is added to the solution of the 
sodium hypophosphite in the cinnamon water a turbidity 
results, due to the separation of free sulphur. The hypo- 
phosphite is oxidized to a phosphate and the sulphurous acid 
is reduced to sulphur. In the presence of a very large excess 
of the hypophosphite the sulphur is further reduced to 
hydrogen sulphide. 
32. 
Potassium iodide is hygroscopic in a moist atmosphere and 
powders containing it usually become damp. There is no 
reaction between calomel and potassium iodide if the mixture 
is dry, but mixed in the above proportions in the presence 
of moisture a dark-gray powder is produced. Mixed in 
more nearly equal proportions a yellowish-green powder is 
formed. Chemical reaction takes place, with the formation of 
potassium chloride and mercurous iodide, which is yellow. 
The mercurous iodide is decomposed by the excess of potas- 
sium iodide, forming a double salt of potassium and mercuric 
iodide and metallic mercury, and it is the metallic mercury 
that gives the mixture the gray color. This prescription 
should not be dispensed, because of the oxidation of the 
mercurous compound to the much more active mercuric com- 
pound. The directions are: Mix, make a powder, and divide 
into 10 powders (papers). 
33. 
If the acid is added to the tincture a red coloration is 
formed at contact of the two liquids. This red color quickly 144 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
changes to an orange and then to a yellow when the liquids 
are mixed. The changes in color are probably due to the 
action of the acid on the brucine. If now the mixture is 
allowed to stand a short time a chemical reaction is evidenced 
by the evolution of bubbles of gas. This reaction continues 
slowly for several hours, and is due to the acid acting on the 
organic matter other than the alkaloids, probably tannin. 
The dilution with the elixir does not prevent it. On adding 
the acid or the elixir to the tincture a precipitate of inert 
matter is produced. 
34. 
There is not enough of water to dissolve all of the quinine 
sulphate, as it requires 740 parts of water. The water will 
precipitate inert extractive matter from the tincture. While 
potassium iodide does not always precipitate strychnine sul- 
phate when in solution with it, there is some danger of precip- 
itation. (See the incompatibilities of strychnine.) The usual 
maximum medicinal dose of strychnine sulphate is TV of a 
grain. In this prescription the dose is Ts¥ of a grain and is 
dangerously large. The prescription should not be dispensed 
without having first called the prescriber’s attention to that 
fact, as well as to the possibility of the strychnine being pre- 
cipitated by the potassium iodide. 
35. 
The wine of pepsin of the National Formulary contains 
hydrochloric acid and the syrup of ipecac contains acetic acid. 
There is a sufficient amount of ammonium carbonate to 
neutralize both of these acids and render the solution alkaline, 
thereby destroying the activity of the pepsin. In the reac- 
tion carbon dioxide is given off and the bottle must not be 
corked until the reaction is complete, for the pressure of the 
gas might burst the bottle. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
145 
36. 
If the directions to rub these solids together be followed 
an explosion will probably result. Potassium chlorate forms 
an explosive mixture with each of the three other ingredients. 
Each substance should be powdered separately and all mixed 
together lightly. Some pharmacists would decline to fill this 
prescription. If filled, however, the patient should be in- 
formed of the nature of the mixture. 
37. 
If these ingredients are mixed together and allowed to 
stand the oil of turpentine will rise to the top. The oil 
should first be emulsified with the syrup and about forty-five 
grains of acacia and then the other liquids added. When 
water is added to paregoric the oil of anise and the benzoic 
acid are precipitated, but these would be held in suspension 
by the emulsion. Sometimes the solution of ammonium 
acetate is alkaline, there having been an excess of ammonium 
carbonate or a deficient amount of acetic acid used in making 
it. In such a case the acid in the syrup of squills will 
liberate carbon dioxide. 
38. 
Evidently the prescriber wished to air a little of his 
knowledge or then had some kind of an agreement with a 
certain pharmacist to fill his prescriptions. It is unusual to 
employ the chemical symbols in writing prescriptions, and it 
can hardly be expected that the dispenser will know and 
remember such complicated formulas as the first one and of 
a compound which is used comparatively seldom. C]6H31N03 
is codeine, KI is potassium iodide, C 3H803 is glycerin, and 
H„0 is water. 146 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
This prescription was filled by dissolving the codeine in 
the glycerin and part of the water. The iodide was dis- 
solved in the remainder of the water and the two solutions 
mixed, without any precipitation occurring at once. After 
several days, however, there was a deposit of very fine 
crystals. Potassium iodide precipitates quite a number of 
the alkaloids from their solutions. This precipitation can be 
prevented by having a small amount of alcohol present. 
39. 
The potassium chlorate is soluble in about 16 parts 
of water; consequently only a small proportion is dissolved 
in the three ounces of water. Some pharmacists would con- 
tend that the excess of the chlorate in a powdered condition 
should be left in the bottle, so that the patient could add 
water to it as the liquid was used up. This might be all 
right if it were a simple mixture of the chlorate and water. 
But in the above prescription, since the fluids are all more or 
less medicinal, it is evident that the physician wanted only a 
saturated solution of the chlorate and the excess removed. 
The resinous matter of the tincture is precipitated by the 
water. The fluid hydrastis colorless is a preparation which 
seems to vary much in composition. The U. S. Dispensa- 
tory gives a method of making it which consists in dissolving 
twenty grains of hydrastine sulphate in one pint of a mixture 
of equal parts of glycerin and water. 
40. 
The copaiba when mixed with the tinctures does not 
make a clear solution, as it requires from three to four times 
its amount of alcohol, although it is readily soluble in absolute 
alcohol. On the further addition of glycerin the mixture 
was made more turbid and the syrup when added threw out INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS 
147 
of solution most of the copaiba, which had been dissolved by 
the alcohol of the tinctures. On standing the copaiba rises 
to the top, but the syrup and glycerin are viscid enough to 
hold it in suspension for some little time, so that the patient 
can get a uniform dose. Or this can be made into an emul- 
sion with the aid of some acacia. It should be dispensed 
with a “ Shake well ” label. 
41. 
When the first two ingredients are rubbed together the 
liquid chloral camphor is formed. This will not dissolve all 
of the cocaine hydrochlorate for which the prescription calls. 
5 Dg. is 5 dekagrams or 50 grams, which is undoubtedly a 
mistake. The prescriber probably meant 5 dg., which is 5 
decigrams or one half of a gram. That being the case, the 
cocaine can be readily mixed with the oily liquid. 
42. 
Strong nitric acid decomposes creosote, with the formation 
of red fumes. Dilute nitric acid converts it into a brown 
resin. (U. S. Dispensatory, 17th ed., 450.) In filling this 
prescription the nitric acid should be slowly added to the 
creosote with constant stirring. A considerable heat is gen- 
erated by the reaction, and the mixture should be allowed to 
cool before adding the chloroform, so that it will not be 
volatilized. 
43. 
Chloral hydrate is decomposed by alkalies, forming chloro- 
form and a formate of the base. Borax is sufficiently alkaline 
so that chloroform will be slowly generated and can be recog- 
nized by the odor. Aqua sambuci—elder-flower water—is a 
British preparation made by distilling the flowers with water. 148 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
44. 
There is considerable danger of having an explosion in 
attempting to fill this. If the potassium chlorate is rubbed 
with the glycerin explosion is liable to take place. Or if 
the chlorate be added to the solution of ferric chloride, which 
always contains some free hydrochloric acid, chlorine will be 
formed, and this will act upon the glycerin, converting it into 
oxalic and carbonic acids. In filling this the temperature 
should not go above yo° F., and then the bottle should be 
loosely stoppered for a time before giving to the patient. 
45. 
The amount of chlorine formed will depend upon the 
order of mixing the ingredients. If the potassium chlorate 
and hydrochloric acid are mixed and then the water added a 
yellow liquid containing much free chlorine with oxides of 
chlorine will result. If, however, the salt is first dissolved 
in water and then hydrochloric acid added the amount of 
chlorine formed will be small. The physician has not indi- 
cated which was wanted, but probably the latter, as the 
former would be exceedingly irritating. 
46. 
The usual maximum dose of the tincture of lobelia is sixty 
minims. This prescription calls for twice that amount. The 
doses of the other two tinctures are rather large, although 
not above the maximum. Taking into consideration the fact 
that the mixture is to be taken every hour, it may be con- 
sidered a dangerous one and the prescriber should be con- 
sulted. Another evidence of a mistake having been made is 
seen in the fact that a three-ounce mixture is obtained without INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
149 
using any of the compound syrup of squills at all. Perhaps 
the physician intended to have omitted the “ q. s. ad,” thus 
making a six-ounce mixture. 
47. 
No change is noticed in the appearance of this mixture 
on standing. The odor of the iodoform slowly diminishes, 
and, according to the U. S. Dispensatory (17th ed., p. 741), 
this is due to the decomposition of the iodoform by the 
tannic acid. 
48. 
On triturating these two substances together the mixture 
becomes black. Ammonium carbonate acts like ammonium 
hydrate, forming the black compound nitrogen dihydrogen 
dimercurous chloride (NHHg3CI). There seem to have been 
no physiological experiments made with this compound, 
but, as acids decompose it, probably the gastric juice breaks 
it up into calomel and ammonium chloride. The ammonium 
carbonate probably increases the action of the calomel, and 
may possibly tend to the formation of some mercuric salt. 
49. 
The dose of potassium cyanide is dangerously large, the 
usual maximum dose being about one-fourth of a grain. The 
physician, knowing that morphine acetate frequently is not 
entirely soluble, has directed the use of acetic acid. The 
excess of acid combines with the potassium, liberating hydro- 
cyanic acid. The potassium cyanide frequently contains a 
carbonate as an impurity, and in such case might neutralize 
the free acid and precipitate some of the free morphine. In 
neutral solutions the potassium cyanide precipitates morphine 150 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
cyanide from morphine salts. Morphine cyanide is soluble 
in acid solutions. The prescription should not be filled. 
50. 
The alcohol in the spirit and tincture as well as the ferric 
chloride gelatinizes the mucilage of acacia. The gelatinous 
mass will slowly dissolve in the syrup on standing. The best 
way to fill the prescription is to dilute the tincture with part 
of the syrup and mix the rest of the syrup with the spirit 
and then these with the mucilage. In this way the gelati- 
nization is avoided. 
51. 
Several chemical reactions are possible in filling this pre- 
scription, depending upon the order of mixing the ingredients. 
If the potassium bicarbonate is added to the syrup of lemon 
carbon dioxide will be liberated by the citric acid. Spirit of 
nitrous ether is usually acid with nitrous and nitric acids, and 
these will liberate the carbon dioxide if brought in contact 
with the bicarbonate. The solution of potassium hydrate is 
capable of neutralizing the acid in the spirit or part of that 
in the syrup. The spirit of nitrous ether if added directly 
to the fluid extract will cause a reaction, with the evolution 
of red fumes. This will not take place as readily if the 
solution of potash is added to the spirit first. Some of the 
resinous matter in the fluid extract is precipitated by the 
syrup. The gas which is formed should be allowed to escape 
before corking the bottle; otherwise an “ explosion ” might 
result. 
52. 
This prescription resembles Bland’s pills, inasmuch as the 
potassium carbonate reacts with ferrous sulphate in the pres- INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
151 
ence of moisture to form the green ferrous carbonate. This 
ferrous carbonate oxidizes in the air, forming ferric oxide, and 
to prevent this some sugar should be added. The potassium 
carbonate with mercuric chloride gives the red-brown oxy- 
chloride of mercury, and with strychnine sulphate it gives the 
free alkaloid. As the mixture is to be made into pills, and 
the compounds formed are not more active than those pre- 
scribed, there need be no hesitation about filling the prescrip- 
tion. It may be filled by following the general directions in 
the U. S. P. for making Bland’s pills. The mass is strongly 
alkaline. 
53. 
If these three ingredients are mixed in the absence of 
moisture no change in appearance is noticeable. In the 
presence of moisture the mixture turns gray, due to the 
formation of metallic mercury and mercurous oxide; at the 
same time some mercuric chloride is formed. (Merck’s 
Market Report, V. 358-) According to Sayre (Organic 
Materia Medica, 518), a very poisonous organic mercuric salt 
is formed. This change is due to the reaction between the 
calomel and antipyrin. The sodium bicarbonate is said to be 
incompatible with antipyrin, and perhaps also with the 
calomel. (See HVDRARGYRI Chloridum Mite, No. 10, 
under INCOMPATIBILITIES.) 
54. 
On standing the citric acid in the syrup combines with 
the sodium, liberating salicylic acid, which, being only spar- 
ingly soluble in water, is precipitated in needle-shaped 
crystals. This can be dispensed as a shake mixture. The 
precipitation is rather tardy, and it would be well to inform 
the patient of the change which will take place. 152 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS, 
55. 
Reaction takes place between the potassium iodide and 
the ferric chloride, forming free iodine, ferrous chloride, and 
potassium chloride. Potassium iodide and spirit of nitrous 
ether react, forming free iodine and nitric oxide. Gentian is 
said to contain no tannin, but the other drugs with which it 
is combined in the compound tincture do. The tannin com- 
bines with the iron to form the black inky ferric tannate. 
This prescription should not be dispensed on account of the 
free iodine formed. 
56. 
If the solution of dialyzed iron has been improperly made 
and is strongly acid no precipitation occurs. But if it is 
nearly neutral, as it should be, ferric hydrate is precipitated 
by the alkali that is in Fowler’s solution. The ferric hydrate 
forms with the arsenic an insoluble compound of basic ferric 
arsenite, which to some extent changes to ferrous arsenate. 
57. 
Giving but a glance at this prescription we would con- 
clude that it should not be dispensed, that the strychnine 
would be precipitated. But upon closer study we find that 
the solution of strychnine, B. P., is an acid hydro-alcoholic 
solution containing about one per cent, of strychnine hydro- 
chlorate. On adding sodium bicarbonate to this the hydro- 
chloric acid combines with it, and the strychnine is liberated, 
but not precipitated. Strychnine (free alkaloid) is soluble in 
about 6700 parts of water. In this prescription we have only 
about .015 Gm. in 100 Cc., or 1 part to 7500 of water, a 
sufficient amount of water to keep the alkaloid in solution. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
153 
58. 
Fowler’s solution is alkaline, due to the excess of potas- 
sium bicarbonate used in making the solution. Boiling with 
water converts the bicarbonate into the normal carbonate of 
potassium to some extent. Either the bicarbonate or the 
normal carbonate precipitates mercuric chloride in solution 
as the red-brown mercuric oxychloride. The prescriber 
should be informed of this precipitation and advised to use 
the solution of arsenous acid, as that will not give a precipi- 
tate with corrosive sublimate. 
59. 
On dissolving the quinine sulphate in part of the cinnamon 
water with the aid of the sulphuric acid, then adding the 
potassium acetate previously dissolved in the remainder of 
the water, a voluminous precipitate of quinine acetate is 
obtained. Quinine acetate is only sparingly soluble in water, 
and the amount here formed is so large and bulky that it is 
difficult to pour out an even dose. 
60. 
Different results are obtained, according to the order of 
mixing the ingredients. If the Fowler’s solution is added to 
the solution of dialyzed iron ferric hydrate is precipitated, 
and this combines with the arsenic to form an insoluble basic 
ferric arsenite. But if the syrup is added to the iron and the 
Fowler’s solution is diluted a little with water and then added 
to the iron little or no precipitation takes place. Sugar to 
some extent acts as a solvent for the ferric hydrate. Solu- 
tion of dialyzed iron varies considerably in the amount of 
acidity which it has; if properly made it is nearly neutral. 154 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
Some samples are sufficiently acid to prevent any precipita- 
tion by Fowler’s solution. There is some danger of the 
strychnine being precipitated by the alkali in the Fowler’s 
solution. Syrup or water added to the tincture of cinchona 
causes a turbidity. The tannin in the tincture will make a 
black mixture with the iron. To avoid the precipitations 
noted above the solution of potassium arsenite should first 
be neutralized with hydrochloric acid; or a better way 
would be to get the prescriber to use the solution of arse- 
nous acid instead of potassium arsenite. The directions trans- 
lated into English are: Mix. Label: Let a teaspoonful be 
taken after dinner. 
61. 
The dose of aconitine is entirely too large unless the par- 
ticular sample to be used has been proven to be compara- 
tively inert. Two and one half grains of a so-called aconitine 
have been taken without ill effects, while of a grain 
has been reported to have caused death. The commencing 
dose of absolute aconitine should not be much over of a 
grain. In this prescription there are several physiological 
incompatibilities. In action aconitine is more or less 
opposed to morphine, strychnine, and belladonna. Morphine 
is to some extent antagonistic to atropine and strychnine, 
and atropine to strychnine. 
62. 
There is some danger of a violent chemical reaction being 
produced if the acid is added directly to the glycerin. By 
diluting the acid with water first the danger is very much 
lessened. In a diluted solution chlorine will gradually 
oxidize glycerin to oxalic and carbonic acids. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
155 
63. 
The mercuric chloride and ferrous iodide react to form 
mercuric iodide and ferrous chloride. The insoluble red 
iodide of mercury thus formed is redissolved in the excess of 
ferrous iodide. The creosote requires 150 parts of water for 
solution. In this case there is an excess of creosote, and it 
forms an oily layer on top unless it is emulsified. Occa- 
sionally the solution of ammonium acetate is alkaline, and in 
such a case it might give a precipitate with the mercuric 
chloride, forming ammoniated mercury, and with the ferrous 
iodide, forming ferrous carbonate. 
64. 
The ingredients of this prescription can be mixed so as to 
make a homogeneous mass, but on standing for a few days 
the balsam separates from the petrolatum. This can be pre- 
vented by incorporating one and a half drams of simple cerate 
in place of a like amount of petrolatum. 
A solution of potassium bromide and potassium chlorate 
in a neutral liquid does not change. In the presence of a free 
inorganic acid reaction takes place, with the liberation of 
bromine. This reaction would take place to some extent in 
the stomach, the bromine producing some irritation. There 
is not enough of water to dissolve all of the chlorate. 
65. 
66. 
The euphorin, aristol, tannic acid, and alum can be 
triturated together, producing a powder. On adding the INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
crystallized carbolic acid to this mixture, it becomes very 
soft, almost liquid. This change is the result of bringing 
carbolic acid in contact with the euphorin, these two sub- 
stances liquefying when triturated together. The mass with 
the oil of theobroma makes a mixture too soft to be made 
into suppositories. It is necessary to render it firmer by the 
addition of wax, spermaceti, or some absorbing powder, as 
starch or slippery elm. 
67. 
Although the sulphuric acid aids the solution of the 
quinine sulphate, it precipitates the glycyrrhizin of the fluid 
extract. The glycyrrhizin, thus precipitated as glycyrrhizic 
acid, loses much of its sweet taste and no longer disguises 
the taste of the quinine. It would have been better if the 
prescriber had omitted the sulphuric acid and directed a 
shake mixture. The water causes the separation of a small 
amount of inert matter from the fluid extract. 
68. 
Several chemical reactions take place, depending upon the 
manner of filling this prescription: i. Between the hydro- 
chloric acid in the tincture and the potassium chlorate, 
liberating chlorine. 2. The chlorine thus formed may act 
upon the glycerin or alcohol. 3. Between the hydrochloric 
acid and the ammonia and glycyrrhizin in the fluid extract, 
precipitating the glycyrrhizin. 4. Between the iron and 
tannic acid in the fluid extract, giving the black tannate of 
iron. 
69. 
The dose of the arsenic and of the strychnine is between 
\ and £ of a grain in this prescription. The maximum INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
dose of each, as generally given, is not over of a grain. 
The prescriber should be consulted. Moreover, each pill 
would contain about seven grains of medicinal matter, which, 
considering the bulky quinine sulphate and extract of gentian, 
makes a very large pill. Where such a large pill is prescribed 
twice as many pills are sometimes made as directed and then 
the number to be taken at one time is doubled. 
70. 
Water can be added to carbolic acid, until the proportion 
is about 3 parts of acid to I part of water, forming a clear 
solution. (Allen, Organic Analysis, vol. 11. p, 537.) On add- 
ing more water the acid separates as an oily liquid, going to 
the bottom. When water has been added so that the pro- 
portion is about 1 part of acid to 15 parts of water, a clear 
solution again results. In this prescription there will be a layer 
of liquefied acid in the bottom of the bottle. If the brush 
should remain in the bottle between the periods of using it 
there is danger that it will become saturated with the strong 
acid and that the patient will apply it in this condition. 
By the use of some glycerin in place of part of the water a 
clear solution can be made, and this is what the dispenser 
should use. 
71. 
If the tincture of iron is added directly to the mucilage of 
acacia the acacia is gelatinized by the iron. This gelatinous 
mass will redissolve after standing for some time with the 
other ingredients, but can be avoided by diluting the iron 
with the other ingredients first. When an acetate or acetic 
acid is added to a solution of a ferric salt the solution turns 
a deep red, due to the formation of ferric acetate. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
72. 
Different results may be obtained by changing the order 
of mixing these ingredients. If the corrosive sublimate is 
dissolved in the water and then added to the lime water the 
yellow mercuric oxide is precipitated. This if mixed with 
the mucilage and allowed to stand for some time changes to 
a dirty-brown color. If the lime water is added to the solu- 
tion of mercury the red-brown basic chloride of mercury is 
precipitated. If the solution of mercuric chloride is added 
to the mucilage of acacia and then the lime water added to 
this no precipitation of mercury takes place. On allowing 
this to stand for a few days a fiocculent precipitate is formed, 
slowly increasing, it probably being the acacia. Acacia pre- 
vents the precipitation of a number of the heavy metals by 
the alkaline hydrates. 
73. 
The bismuth subnitrate is insoluble in the syrup, but a 
chemical reaction takes place between it and the hydriodic 
acid, as is evidenced by the change in color. Bismuth sub- 
nitrate is white; on mixing it with the syrup the color 
becomes yellow, and within a few minutes it turns to a dark 
brown and then grayish black. On allowing the precipitate 
to settle it appears to be a mixture of two compounds, one 
yellow and the other dark gray. According to Watts’ Dic- 
tionary, the oxyiodide of bismuth is copper-colored and the 
bismuth iodide is a brilliant gray. 
74. 
This mixture made a clear solution, which was slightly 
red in color, due to the oxidation products of resorcin. 
In an hour or two the color had deepened very noticeably. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
On allowing the solution to stand for fifteen or twenty 
hours the upper portion of the liquid had turned to a 
deep-blue color and a thin layer at the bottom was still 
red. A few hours later the entire solution was blue and 
remained so. After about a week a slight precipitate was 
noticed. The change of color is due to the reaction between 
the ammonium carbonate and the resorcin, the bitter-almond 
water seeming to take no part in it. A solution of resorcin 
in distilled water slowly turns brown. 
75. 
The sodium phosphate of the U. S. P. is the Na2HP04 
and is slightly alkaline to litmus. This alkalinity causes a 
precipitation of the strychnine, and it should be neutralized 
with a little phosphoric acid before the solutions of sodium 
phosphate and strychnine sulphate are mixed. 
If the turpentine is poured upon the iodine violent 
chemical reaction results, with the formation of violet fumes 
of vaporized iodine, caused by the heat generated. While 
there is not enough of alcohol to dissolve all of the iodine, it 
is best to dissolve as much as possible before adding the 
turpentine, which should be added in small portions, cooling 
the mixture if necessary. Upon standing the liquid separates 
into two layers. The lower one, being much smaller in amount 
and very dark-colored, is probably the alcohol holding most 
of the iodine in solution; the upper stratum is very much 
lighter in color and is probably the turpentine. Turpentine 
and alcohol are not miscible in all proportions. 
76. 
77. 
According to the National Formulary, Hall’s solution of 
strychnine contains of a grain of strychnine acetate to the INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
dram, together with some acetic acid. Fowler’s solution 
contains, besides the potassium arsenite, some potassium 
bicarbonate or carbonate (formed by the boiling of the bicar- 
bonate in water). This carbonate will react with the acetic 
acid, liberating a little carbon dioxide and forming potassium 
acetate. If there is an excess of the alkaline carbonate the 
strychnine will be liberated as the free alkaloid. The 
strychnine will not be precipitated, however, as it is soluble 
in iio parts of alcohol, and the prescription can be filled 
without difficulty. 
78. 
The resinous matter in the tincture of myrrh is precipitated 
by the syrup. Tannic acid combines with the morphine to 
form a compound which is insoluble in water. 
79. 
In filling this prescription each of the salts were dissolved 
in separate portions of water. The potassium iodide solution 
was added to the mercuric chloride solution, and at first there 
was a red precipitate of mercuric iodide, which was dissolved 
by the further addition of the potassium iodide, forming the 
soluble potassium mercuric iodide. On the addition of the 
ammonium carbonate solution to this no change of any kind 
was noticed. However, when the ammonium carbonate solu- 
tion was added to the mercuric chloride solution a white pre- 
cipitate of ammoniated mercury was formed. On adding the 
potassium iodide solution to this mixture the precipitate dis- 
appeared and a clear nearly colorless solution was formed. 
Probably the ammoniated mercury was decomposed and the 
soluble double compound of potassium mercuric iodide was 
formed. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
161 
80. 
When the ingredients of this prescription are mixed the 
liberation of iodine commences at once and continues for 
some time. This was also filled by adding ammonia imme- 
diately after mixing to neutralize any acid, thinking thereby 
to prevent the formation of iodine. The ammonia turned 
the mixture black-green, probably due to the formation of 
some ferroso-ferric hydrate. In a few minutes the color had 
turned to brownish red and a test for free iodine could be 
obtained. After standing some time a deposit formed. This 
prescription should not be dispensed, on account of the free 
iodine. 
81. 
This mixture in a short time becomes yellow and within 
twenty-four hours it changes to a light brown. The colora- 
tion is due largely to the action of the nitrous acid and ethyl 
nitrite on the morphine and to a slight extent on the 
ammonium acetate. 
82. 
Potassium chlorate with such easily oxidized organic 
matter as charcoal makes a mixture which can be quite 
readily exploded. Perhaps the patient should be informed 
of the nature of the mixture. There is but little danger to 
the pharmacist provided he powders each ingredient and then 
mixes lightly. 
83. 
The pharmacist who received this prescription in attempt- 
ing to fill it rubbed the three ingredients together dry and 
caused an explosion, whereby he was quite severely injured. 162 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
The explosion was due to the reaction between the chlorate 
and hypophosphite. The pills can be made by powdering 
the ingredients separately, then mixing lightly with powdered 
extract of liquorice and massing with water. 
84. 
lodine is soluble in about 10 parts of alcohol. As much 
of the iodine as possible was dissolved in the alcohol and 
then the camphor dissolved in this. This solution was then 
gradually added to the mercuric ointment with constant 
trituration and the water was added last. On standing a few 
minutes a red precipitate was formed and the mixture sep- 
arated into three layers. In the bottom was this red precipi- 
tate, probably mercuric iodide, then a layer of fatty matter, 
and on top a hydro-alcoholic fluid containing free iodine. 
This mixture was such that it could be shaken up and applied. 
On the third day the red precipitate had disappeared, leav- 
ing the yellow fatty matter and a fluid somewhat red and 
containing a little free iodine. Seven days later the liquid 
was yellowish brown and contained only a trace of iodine. 
Part of the iodine probably combined with the mercury to 
form mercuric iodide, and part was probably reduced to a 
soluble iodide, which dissolved the mercuric iodide. Another 
part of the iodine probably combined with some of the cam- 
phor and fatty matter. 
85, 
“ Creolin is said to be an emulsion of cresol, obtained by 
means of resin soap. Creolin forms a milky emulsion or mix- 
ture with water.” (U. S. Dispensatory, 1610.) 
This prescription may be filled by dissolving the acid in 
the water and adding the creolin slowly with constant shak- 
ing. Part of the creolin separates on standing, but it may INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
163 
be readily mixed by agitation. As this is an eye-lotion and 
not clear, an attempt was made to filter it, but with the result 
of separating nearly all of the creolin. It should be dispensed 
with a “ Shake well ” label. 
86. 
The citric acid should be dissolved in the boiling water 
and then the magnesium carbonate added to this. Carbon 
dioxide is liberated and magnesium citrate goes into solution. 
The addition of borax does not cause any precipitation, 
although the solution is alkaline. If the borax is added to 
the solution of citric acid and then the magnesium carbonate 
a large amount of the last ingredient is not dissolved, the 
acid having been nearly neutralized by the borax. 
87. 
This is said to be a part of the Keely cure. Gold chloride 
precipitates many alkaloids from aqueous solutions of their 
salts, and it precipitates strychnine, atropine, and the cin- 
chona alkaloids. The precipitates are somewhat soluble in 
mixtures containing alcohol, and as this one contains about 
30 per cent., there will be but little or no precipitation of 
the alkaloids. Gold chloride is quite easily reduced, and the 
organic matter in the fluid extract will have a tendency to 
reduce it. The water precipitates some of the inert matter 
from the fluid extract. Atropine and strychnine are some- 
what antagonistic in their physiological action. 
88. 
In medium-sized medicinal doses morphine and atropine 
are physiologically incompatible. But the minute dose of 
atropine in this prescription assists rather than diminishes the 164 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
action of morphine by relieving the cardiac depression, indi- 
gestion, and constipation. 
89. 
The pharmacist should not use the excipient directed. 
Potassium permanganate is easily reduced by organic matter, 
which it in turn oxidizes. Some excipient must be chosen 
that will not reduce the permanganate. A mixture of equal 
parts of petrolatum, paraffin, and kaolin makes a good one. 
90. 
The oil of turpentine reacts with the acids, with the gen- 
eration of much heat, and unless care be taken it will be 
ignited. The acids should be mixed and cooled and then 
added in small portions to the oil, cooling after each addi- 
tion. The alcohol should be added last, after the mixture is 
cold, so as to avoid volatilization. 
91. 
On mixing the acid with the bicarbonate in the presence 
of water effervescence takes place, due to the liberation of 
carbon dioxide; a nearly colorless quite strongly alkaline 
solution results. If this is allowed to stand undisturbed for 
two or three days the lower part of the liquid will be of a 
light-brown color and the upper part of a dark brown, and 
finally it will become dark brown throughout. An aqueous 
solution of a salicylate turns dark when exposed to the air, 
probably on account of the formation of some oxidation 
products. This change takes place much more quickly when 
the solution is alkaline. If the physician had prescribed 
sodium salicylate instead of the salicylic acid and sodium 
bicarbonate he would have gotten the same physiological INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
165 
effect, made a better preparation pharmaceutically, and saved 
the pharmacist considerable time and work. The patient 
should be informed of the change of color that will take place. 
92. 
This can be filled by dissolving the alkaloidal salts in the 
syrup of lemon and tincture of iron, adding the water, and 
then the phosphoric acid last. The solution is clear and of a 
pale reddish color previous to the addition of the acid. After 
the addition of the acid the solution becomes colorless and 
slightly turbid and in a few minutes a heavy precipitate of 
quinine phosphate is formed. If three grams instead of five 
grams of quinine are used only a slight turbidity occurs. The 
decoloration caused by the phosphoric acid is due to the 
formation of the colorless ferric phosphate, which is insoluble 
in water, but soluble when there is an excess of free acid. 
93. 
This was filled by dissolving the antikamnia in the elixir 
with the aid of heat; there was no separation on cooling. 
The quinine bisulphate was then added and an effervescence 
took place. A clear solution resulted, which on standing a 
short time deposited needle-shaped crystals. The solution 
is alkaline to litmus. Antikamnia is said to contain acetani- 
lid, sodium bicarbonate, and caffeine. It is probably this 
bicarbonate that causes the effervescence with the bisulphate 
of quinine and at the same time sets free the alkaloid which 
is precipitated. 
94. 
The first two ingredients when mixed together give a 
greenish-brown solution, which when diluted with water gives 166 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
a deep-blue color and largely diluted gives a violet color. 
On adding the sulphurous acid the color is destroyed within 
a few minutes. The ferric chloride is reduced to the ferrous 
chloride and sulphate, and a ferrous salt does not give a 
coloration with carbolic acid. If the sulphurous acid is added 
direct to the tincture of ferric chloride a deep-red solution of 
ferric sulphite is formed, which changes to ferrous sulphate 
and becomes colorless. Adding the carbolic acid to this gives 
no coloration. It makes little or no difference what order is 
observed in filling this prescription. 
95. 
Ferrous sulphate usually contains some ferric sulphate and 
this reacts with the calcium hypophosphite to form ferric 
hypophosphite and calcium sulphate, the former being only 
sparingly soluble, and the latter requiring 380 parts of water 
for solution. Part of the sulphuric acid of the Epsom salt 
will go to form calcium sulphate. In an acid solution the 
potassium chlorate would have an oxidizing effect on the 
ferrous sulphate and also on the hypophosphite; in this pre- 
scription it probably has but little chemical action. The 
solution of strychnine is a British preparation containing 
about one per cent, of strychnine hydrochlorate. Potassium 
chlorate and a hypophosphite should not be triturated 
together dry, as they form an explosive mixture. 
96. 
This mixture makes a clear alkaline solution, colorless at 
first, but in a few minutes acquiring a light-brown color, 
which slowly becomes dark red-brown or almost black. This 
coloration is due partly to the alkaline salicylate acquiring a 
red color in the air, and partly to the effect of action of the 
spirit of nitrous ether upon the salicylate. Prof. Attfield INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
167 
suggests the formation of nitrosalicylic acid which is colored. 
The change does not take place quite as rapidly when the 
spirit is mixed with the carbonate previous to the dissolving 
of the sodium salt. Generally the spirit of nitrous ether is 
acid, and when ammonium carbonate is added to it caibon 
dioxide is given off. 
97. 
This was filled in several ways, the result being the same. 
The codeine was triturated with a little water and half a dram 
of dilute phosphoric acid added to dissolve the alkaloid. The 
hydrocyanic acid was next added, and then the tincture of 
iodine, which did not precipitate the alkaloid, but was itself 
decolorized at once. The further addition of the water sim- 
ply diluted the solution. 
If the tincture of iodine is added to the solution of codeine 
in water and phosphoric acid a reddish-brown precipitate is 
formed, consisting of codeine and iodine. This precipitate 
is not dissolved by adding an excess of phosphoric acid or 
sulphuric acid, but the twenty minims of dilute hydrocyanic 
acid dissolves the precipitate and makes a clear colorless solu- 
tion. The explanation is that the hydrocyanic acid reduces 
the iodine to an iodide and thus breaks up the compound of 
codeine and iodine. Other reducing agents, as sodium 
hyposulphite, have a similar effect. 
98. 
Solution of saccharate of lime is another name for syrup 
of lime. The calcium hydrate in it converts the calomel into 
mercurous oxide which is black. This is very similar to 
“ black wash.” 
99. 
The best way to fill this prescription is to dissolve the 
corrosive sublimate in the glycerin mixed with half a dram 168 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
of water. Then to this solution add all at once the syrup of 
lime. A yellow precipitate is formed at first, but this quickly 
disappears and a clear slightly yellowish liquid results. A 
slight light-gray-colored precipitate is formed after standing 
a day, and this increases slowly for several days. Certain 
organic substances, such as glycerin, sugar, and gum arabic, 
have the power of preventing the precipitation of solutions of 
some of the metallic salts by alkali hydrates. 
If the syrup of lime is added slowly to the solution of 
corrosive sublimate a yellow precipitate is formed, but is 
redissolved again when the water is added. Quite a heavy 
steel-gray precipitate forms within an hour and it slowly in- 
creases on further standing. A similar result takes place if 
the solution of mercuric chloride is added to the syrup of 
lime. 
ion 
Free bromine is formed if the potassium bromide is 
added to the tincture and the free bromine combines with 
antipyrin. If the bromide is dissolved in water and then 
added to the tincture of iron previously diluted with water 
no bromine is liberated. Antipyrin gives an intense red 
coloration with the tincture of iron. 
101. 
The compound tincture of iodine was official in the 1870 
Pharmacopoeia and contained iodine and potassium iodide 
dissolved in alcohol. Reaction takes place between the gold 
chloride and the potassium iodide. “ Potassium iodide, 
added in small portions to a solution of auric chloride (so that 
the latter is constantly in excess where the two salts are in 
contact), and when equivalent proportions have been reached, 
gives a yellow precipitate of aurous iodide (Aul), insoluble 169 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
in water, soluble in large excess of the reagent; the precipi- 
tate is accompanied with separation of free iodine, brown, 
which is quickly soluble in small excess of the reagent as a 
colored solution. But on gradually adding auric chloride to 
solution of potassic iodide, so that the latter is in excess at 
the point of chemical change, there is first a dark-green solu- 
tion of potassio-auric iodide, (KIAuI3); then a dark-green 
precipitate of auric iodide, very instable, decomposed in pure 
water,” forming the yellow aurous iodide. (Prescott and 
Johnson’s Qualitative Chemical Analysis, 4th ed., p. 154.) 
Probably the organic matter present also tends to the reduc- 
tion and precipitation of the gold. The physician should be 
notified of the change which takes place. 
102. 
The usual maximum dose of the fluid extract of digitalis 
is two minims, some authorities giving it as high as three. 
In this prescription it is about three and a half minims. 
Taking into consideration the frequency of the dose and that 
digitalis is cumulative, the pharmacist should decline to fill it 
until he consults the prescriber. 
103. 
Metallic gold is precipitated by the arsenous acid. Gold 
chloride is very easily reduced by many inorganic compounds 
as well as by organic matter and light. 
104. 
Tincture of iron if not too strongly acid will give a color 
varying from a blue to a dirty green with morphine. This 
color is destroyed by excess of acid or by alcohol. This 
prescription will give a bluish-green mixture, which will turn INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
to a yellowish-orange in a day or two. This latter change is 
probably due partly to the slow formation of chlorine by the 
action of the hydrochloric acid in the tincture on the potassium 
chlorate. Chlorine turns a morphine solution orange-colored. 
There is not enough of water to dissolve all of the chlorate. 
105. 
Reaction takes place between the mercuric chloride and 
the calcium sulphide, forming the black mercuric sulphide 
and calcium chloride. Potassium carbonate precipitates 
mercuric chloride as an oxychloride and the calcium sulphide 
as calcium carbonate. No reaction takes place between the 
carbolic acid and the bicarbonate. As the mixture is to be 
used as a lotion, these incompatibilities should not deter the 
pharmacist from filling it. 
106. 
If the sulphate of iron is strictly ferrous, no liberation of 
iodine takes place when a solution of potassium iodide is 
added to it, but most of it contains some ferric salt which 
liberates iodine. If the morphine is now added it will be 
precipitated by the iodine. The solution of ferrous sulphate 
gradually deposits a precipitate of subsulphate of iron. Or 
if the solution of ferrous sulphate and the morphine are mixed 
before adding the potassium iodide no free iodine is formed, 
the morphine seeming to reduce the ferric sulphate to ferrous. 
107. 
In massing these two chemicals together reaction takes 
place, with the liberation of carbon dioxide, which causes the 
mass to swell to several times its original size. This reaction 
goes on slowly, requiring several hours for completion, and the INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
mass should not be made into pills until the reaction has been 
completed. Had the prescriber directed the subcarbonate of 
bismuth instead of the subnitrate he would have avoided this 
difficulty and gotten the same physiological effects. 
108. 
If the ingredients are powdered separately and are per- 
fectly dry when mixed no chemical reaction takes place. 
But upon addition of water or in the presence of moisture 
the powder becomes dark gray in color. The darkening is 
due to the formation of metallic mercury. At the same 
time some of the calomel is converted into a mercuric salt, 
rendering the prescription dangerous. It should not be dis- 
pensed. (See 1$ No. 32.) 
109. 
Upon bringing together solutions of lead acetate and zinc 
sulphate, mutual decomposition takes place and lead sulphate 
is precipitated. In a prescription for injection, like this, it 
is not customary to filter out the precipitate. 
110. 
The hvdrogen dioxide oxidizes carbolic acid to pyro- 
catechin and hydroquinone, and oxidizes the glycerin to 
glyceric, oxalic, and tartaric acids. This makes a dark- 
colored mixture of rather thick consistency. ■ 
111. 
This mixture is permanent in a dry atmosphere, but in a 
damp one it absorbs moisture. Either in the presence of 
absorbed moisture or when taken into the stomach several 172 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
reactions are liable to take place. Lead sulphate would be 
formed from the lead subacetate and morphine sulphate. 
The sodium bicarbonate would react with each of the other 
three ingredients, forming with bismuth subnitrate, bismuth 
subcarbonate and carbon dioxide; with lead subacetate, lead 
carbonate; with morphine sulphate, the free alkaloid. Lead 
subacetate would also combine with the morphine to make a 
compound insoluble in water. These incompatibilities do 
not make a dangerous mixture, and there is no reason for 
declining to fill it. 
112. 
Triturating the iodol with the mercuric oxide caused an 
explosion, which might have been avoided by mixing the 
ingredients separately with portions of petrolatum and then 
mixing these. 
113. 
A mixture of these two chemicals becomes sticky at once 
and soon liquid. “ The reaction between sodium salicylate 
and antipyrin, thought to be due to chemical change, is sim- 
ply due to deliquescence.” (Nat. Dispensatory, sth ed., 
227.) By putting these ingredients into capsules without 
previous mixing they in time become liquid when exposed 
to the air. If it is necessary to dispense this prescription in a 
solid form the best way would be to put into capsules and 
then put these into a tight container. 
114. 
This was filled by dissolving the sodium bicarbonate, 
borax, salicylic and benzoic acids in water. The thymol and 
menthol were rubbed together until a liquid resulted; then 
the eucalyptol, the glycerin, and the oil of wintergreen were INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
173 
added. To this was added the first solution and an efferves- 
cence ensued. After allowing the mixture to stand an oily 
liquid separated, rising to the top. The effervescence is due 
to a reaction between the bicarbonate and the salicylic, 
benzoic, and boric acids, the lafer acid being formed by the 
action of glycerin on borax. (See No. 141.) Eucalyptol 
makes a clear mixture with glycerin, but is separated on the 
addition of water. The oily liquid formed by the menthol 
and thymol does not make a clear solution with glycerin, nor 
does the oil of wintergreen; and whatever of these may have 
been dissolved by the glycerin is thrown out of solution by 
the water. A “ Shake ” label is necessary. 
115. 
The quinine sulphate was dissolved in a part of the water 
with the aid of the acid. The potassium iodide was dissolved 
in the balance of the water and added to the quinine solution. 
lodine is gradually formed by the acid acting on the iodide, 
and this combines with the quinine, forming a dark-brown 
precipitate. 
116. 
Basham’s mixture contains acetic acid and an acetate. 
The quinine salt dissolves in this, but within a few minutes 
it is thrown down as a bulky crystalline quinine acetate. 
The mixture is so thick that it would be difficult to pour out 
an even dose. 
117. 
Borax is alkaline in reaction and precipitates the hydras- 
tine as the free alkaloid, and also precipitates the alkaloids 
from the tincture of opium. The boric acid is not sufficient 
to neutralize the alkalinity of the borax. As the preparation 
is to be dropped into the eye, it should be filtered, and in so 17 4 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
doing nearly all of the hydrastine is removed. The physician’s 
attention should be called to this, and he be advised to in- 
crease the amount of acid or decrease the borax or, better, 
leave it out entirely. Boric acid does not give a precipitate 
with a solution of hydrastine sulphate. 
118. 
When these ingredients were mixed together a clear solu- 
tion resulted, which was of a light-yellow color at first, but 
within five minutes became green. On allowing this to stand 
no change in color took place until the third or fourth day, 
when it acquired a greenish-brown color, and by the sixth day 
it had lost all green and was of a brownish-red color; further 
standing changed it to a deep red. 
It has been proven that ethyl nitrite or amyl nitrite or 
any substance containing nitrous acid forms with antipyrin the 
green isontiroso-antipyrin, which crystallizes out of concen- 
trated solutions. At one time it was thought that this green 
compound was poisonous, but it is not now generally con- 
sidered so. 
119. 
The quinine sulphate was dissolved in part of the water 
with the aid of the acid. When the solution of potassium 
iodide in the balance of the water was added to the quinine 
solution a precipitation occurred. This granular precipitate, 
which falls quickly, is potassium bitartrate, formed by the 
reaction between the potassium iodide and the tartaric acid. 
That it is not the quinine that is precipitated can be proven 
by substituting sodium iodide for potassium iodide, when no 
precipitation takes place. In concentrated solutions potas- 
sium iodide precipitates quinine. The directions are; Mix. 
Label: Let a teaspoonful be taken two or three times a day. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
175 
120. 
When the spirit of nitrous ether is added to the resorcin 
dissolved in the water and glycerin a dark-brown solution is 
formed. This is perhaps due to the formation of dinitroso- 
resorcin (or possibly mononitroso-resorcin), which crystallizes 
in yellowish plates. 
121. 
This mixture is sometimes known as Hager’s Olfactorium 
Anticatarrhoicum. When first mixed the solution is clear 
and colorless, but changes in a day or two to a blue. This on 
standing for two or three weeks becomes a dark purple or 
violet-blue. 
1220 
These ingredients make a clear dark-red solution, which 
changes to a red-straw color within five minutes. The red 
color is due largely to the tincture of iodine. lodine with 
ammonia in excess forms chiefly ammonium iodide with a 
little ammonium iodate, so that in this prescription, so far as 
physiological effect is concerned, it would be about as well to 
use some ammonium iodide instead of tincture of iodine. At 
the end of twenty-four hours the mixture was strongly alkaline 
and still slightly colored. 
In a mixture of ammonia and iodine there is some danger 
of the violently explosive iodide of nitrogen being formed, 
more especially where the iodine is in excess. This iodide of 
nitrogen is insoluble and is slowly precipitated as a dark- 
brown solid. 
123. 
This prescription makes at first a clear solution, which 
gives a precipitate on standing for a few hours. If the tine- INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
ture of iron is not strongly acid the precipitate is yellowish 
brown. The precipitate was filtered out and washed with 
water until the washings no longer gave a test for iron. It was 
then dissolved in dilute sulphuric acid; the solution was not 
fluorescent nor bitter; on adding ammonia water it gave a 
heavy red-brown precipitate of ferric hydrate. From this it 
was supposed that the original precipitate was a basic salt of 
iron which had been thrown out of solution by the quinine 
taking some of the hydrochloric acid from the tincture to form 
a more soluble quinine salt. 
If, however, some hydrochloric acid is added to the tinc- 
ture before adding the alkaloidal salts the solution remains 
clear for some time, but finally deposits prismatic crystals. 
These crystals dissolve readily on addition of water, and are 
probably a quinine salt separated out from a supersaturated 
solution. The pharmacist in dispensing the prescription 
should see that the tincture is quite strongly acid. The 
physician should also give his consent to allow the solution 
to be diluted with water with an increase in the dose. 
124. 
This solution is bluish-red in color. No chemical reaction 
occurs except that the salicylic acid occurring as methyl 
salicylate in the oil of wintergreen combines with the iron to 
form a salicylate of iron, which gives the increase of color. 
By adding the water gradually to the iron a play of colors is 
noticed: a yellow, then red, dark red, and finally a violet- 
red. 
125 c 
Salol and thymol triturated together make a liquid. 
When the other ingredients are added the mass is still much 
too soft to be made into pills. If a sufficient amount of INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
177 
liquorice-root is added to make the mass of the required 
consistency the pills are too large to be taken easily. If the 
soap and extract of liquorice are omitted and in their place 
one dram of magnesia and one dram of kaolin are used a fair 
mass is made and the pills, though large, can be dispensed. 
126. 
The nitrous ether acts upon the morphine, giving a yellow- 
ish-green solution. Morphine is undoubtedly oxidized by 
the nitrous acid, but the products have not been determined. 
The directions are: Mix. Label: Take a teaspoonful as often 
as is required. 
127. 
Several reactions may occur when the first two ingredients 
are mixed together, depending upon the proportions, A 
mercuric oxychloride is formed by the carbonate of potassium 
in the Fowler’s solution. Under certain circumstances mer- 
curic arsenite is formed and is dissolved in a solution of potas- 
sium arsenite. In the presence of an alkali, arsenites reduce 
mercuric compounds to mercurous compounds and then to 
metallic mercury, and the arsenites are oxidized to arsenates. 
In this prescription most of the mercury is reduced to the 
metallic state. Had the prescriber directed the solution of 
arsenous acid instead of Fowler’s solution he would have 
obtained a better solution. Fowler’s solution added to the 
quinine sulphate liberates the free alkaloid. 
128. 
The ammonia water combines with the acid in the tincture 
of iron, forming ammonium chloride and ferric hydrate. The 
precipitation of the ferric hydrate may be prevented by mix- INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
ing the glycerin with the tincture before adding the ammonia. 
If the ammonia is added to the tincture and then the glycerin 
the precipitated ferric hydrate dissolves but slowly in the 
glycerin. Glycerin, as well as sugar, acacia, honey, and some 
other organic substances, prevents or hinders the precipitation 
of many of the metals by alkali hydrates. 
129. 
Ferric salts gelatinize mucilage of acacia, and if the solu- 
tion of dialyzed iron is added directly to the mucilage a solid 
mass results, which dissolves slowly in the syrup. By diluting 
the solution of iron with the syrup, and then adding this 
slowly to the mucilage with constant stirring, a thick homo- 
geneous liquid may be obtained. 
130. 
“ According to M. Mialhe, calomel is partly converted 
into corrosive sublimate and metallic mercury by ammonium 
chloride and by sodium and potassium chlorides, even at the 
temperature of the body.” (U. S. Dispensatory, 17th ed., 
695.) The directions are: Mix and divide into 20 equal 
parts. Label: Take one two or three times a day. 
131. 
Chemical reaction takes place between Goulard’s solution 
and the tincture of ferric chloride, with the formation of 
lead chloride and ferric subacetate or acetate. Lead chloride 
and ferric subacetate are nearly insoluble in water and less 
soluble in elixir. Acacia cannot be used to aid the suspen- 
sion of the precipitate, as both the solution and the tincture 
gelatinize it. Tragacanth might be used with better effect, 
although not with complete satisfaction. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
179 
132. 
Amyl nitrite and potassium iodide in the presence of an 
acid give free iodine, nitric oxide, and amyl alcohol. The 
prescription should not be dispensed as written. As from the 
directions—“ Let it be dispensed quickly ”—it seems to be 
an urgent case, and in all probability the effect of the amyl 
nitrite is what is wanted, the potassium iodide should be 
omitted. At the very first opportunity the physician should 
be informed of the omission. 
133. 
The first three ingredients were mixed together and the 
Epsom salt dissolved in the water and the two solutions mixed. 
A turbidity occurred at once, due to the precipitation of 
extractive matter from the alcoholic liquids by the water. 
Within a few hours the magnesium sulphate had crystallized 
out so that its bulk was nearly one half of that of the mixture. 
Magnesium sulphate, being insoluble in alcohol, is thrown 
out of its aqueous solution by the alcohol of the fluid extracts 
and the tincture. This cannot be prevented except by 
diminishing the magnesium sulphate or increasing the propor- 
tion of water. 
134. 
lodine is soluble in 10 parts of alcohol and 60 parts 
of glycerin; nearly insoluble in water. The first two in- 
gredients mix, making a clear solution, but water pre- 
cipitates the iodine unless an old tincture of iodine which 
contains some hydriodic acid is used. By adding three or 
four grains of potassium iodide to the water the iodine 
remains in solution. Such an addition is admissible and 
should be made. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
135. 
The solution of bismuth (National Formulary) contains 
bismuth and ammonium citrate dissolved in water and am- 
monia water. Wine of pepsin (N. F.) contains hydrochloric 
acid. If the acid in the wine is in excess of the ammonia 
bismuth citrate will be precipitated. If the ammonia is in 
excess of the acid the pepsin is rendered inert. Some 
extractive matter in the tincture will be precipitated by the 
water. In filling this prescription the ingredients should be 
made as nearly neutral to litmus paper as possible before 
mixing. 
136, 
When calomel and cocaine hydrochlorate are triturated 
together a gray mixture results. Probably a part of the 
calomel is reduced to metallic mercury, which gives the gray 
color, and another part is oxidized to mercuric chloride. As 
the amount in each pill of the mercuric chloride formed is 
within the limits of the dose of that substance, the pills may 
be dispensed. It would be well, however, to inquire the age 
of the patient and the frequency of the dose. By the addi- 
tion of about five grains of starch or liquorice-root and a little 
water a suitable pill-mass can be made, the pepsin giving 
sufficient adhesive qualities. 
137. 
This is a very common combination. Lead subacetate 
forms compounds with nearly all alkaloids, and these are in- 
soluble in water. The opium alkaloids are no exceptions. 
The alcohol undoubtedly tends to prevent the precipitation 
to some extent, though there is still quite a heavy one. The 
mixture should not be filtered. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
181 
138. 
The usual dose of the fluid extract of digitalis is o.oi to 
0.12 Cc. In this prescription it is about 0.24 Cc., which is 
so largely in excess of the usual dose that the pharmacist 
should satisfy himself that the physician has made no mis- 
take. The water gives a precipitate with the fluid extracts. 
If the spirit of nitrous ether is mixed directly with the fluid 
extracts it reacts with the tannin, giving off fumes of nitric 
oxide. 
139. 
When silver oxide and creosote are triturated together 
there is great danger of an explosion. It has been proposed 
to mix the creosote with powdered soap and then with the 
oxide, which has been previously mixed with liquorice-root. 
The mass should not be rubbed hard and should be kept cool. 
140. 
The tannic acid in the tincture combines with the quinine 
to make the insoluble nearly tasteless quinine tannate. The 
water precipitates the resinous matter from the tincture. A 
“ Shake well ” label should be put on the bottle. 
141. 
In filling this prescription there will be an effervescence, 
due to the generation of carbon dioxide. It is not caused by 
the carbolic acid and sodium bicarbonate, as might be sup- 
posed. Glycerin in the presence of water decomposes borax, 
forming sodium metaborate and boroglycerol. Water reacts 
with the boroglycerol to give glycerin and boric acid. The 
boric acid with sodium bicarbonate gives sodium borate and 182 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
carbon dioxide. Other polyhydric alcohols, such as manni- 
tol, dextrose, levulose, and glucose, act like glycerin in de- 
composing borax. 
142. 
Carbon dioxide will be generated by the sulphuric acid 
and the potassium bicarbonate. There is a sufficient amount 
of the bicarbonate to neutralize all of the acid and also to 
liberate quinine as free alkaloid, which is nearly insoluble. 
It will also liberate ammonia from the ammonium carbonate 
in the aromatic spirit of ammonia used as the menstruum in 
making the tincture. Resinous matter and the oils in the 
tincture are thrown out of solution by the water. Tincture 
of guaiac if freshly prepared colors acacia blue. 
143. 
Spirit of turpentine is another name for oil of turpentine. 
Oil of turpentine is easily oxidized and nitrohydrochloric acid 
is a strong oxidizing agent, so that there is quite a violent 
reaction when the two are brought together. Even though 
the oil is emulsified first, chemical change cannot be avoided. 
Supposing that the prescriber wanted a four-ounce mixture, 
the dose of the acid would be about thirteen minims. The 
maximum dose, as given in the U. S. Dispensatory, is six 
drops. The excessive dose would be sufficient to prohibit 
the filling of this prescription. 
144. 
The potassium permanganate was dissolved in part of the 
water and the glycerin was diluted with the balance of the 
water: the two solutions were then mixed. Within two 
minutes the mixture was of a brownish-black color and almost INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
solidified by the manganese dioxide that was formed. After 
standing the precipitated manganese dioxide settled, leaving 
a clear colorless solution, showing that the permanganate was 
all reduced. When potassium permanganate and concen- 
trated glycerin are brought together there is some liability of 
the mixture exploding or inflaming. 
145. 
The potassium citrate was dissolved in the syrup and the 
spirit was then added. The two liquids were mixed, produc- 
ing a turbidity, and on standing separated into two distinct 
layers. Potassium citrate is hygroscopic, but nearly insoluble 
in alcohol. The alcohol of the spirit has a tendency to throw 
the citrate out of solution, but the salt has such an affinity 
for water that it carries some water with it, forming a solution 
not miscible with alcohol. 
146. 
The aromatic spirit of ammonia contains ammonium 
hydrate and ammonium carbonate, and these act similarly in 
precipitating the corrosive sublimate as ammoniated mercury 
(NH2HgCI). Ammoniated mercury is soluble in solutions of 
ammonium salts and somewhat soluble in acids, so that the 
sulphuric acid in the infusion will redissolve it, though not 
very readily. The precipitation may be prevented by mixing 
the infusion and spirit together first. Mercuric chloride pre- 
cipitates the cinchona alkaloids from their aqueous solutions 
when not too dilute. The oils in the spirit are thrown out 
of solution by the water of the infusion. The directions are: 
Mix. Label: Teaspoonful twice a day. 
Triturating the alum with the lead acetate produces a 
moist sticky mass. This is due to the chemical reaction 
147. 184 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
which takes place, forming lead sulphate, aluminum sulphate, 
potassium acetate, and liberating the water of crystallization 
which makes the mixture sticky. A mass is obtained when 
zinc sulphate and lead acetate are rubbed together. In either 
case the odor of acetic acid is noticeable. When the mixture 
is put into water the tannic acid will precipitate the lead, if 
any remains not combined with sulphuric acid, as lead tannate. 
The other two salts are not so readily precipitated as tannates 
as the lead. In filling this prescription the water of crystal- 
lization may be removed by heating, or the ingredients may 
be powdered separately and then mixed lightly, and no diffi- 
culty will ensue. 
148. 
The difficulty with this prescription is that triturating the 
salicylic acid with the exalgin produces a soft sticky mass 
which is unfit for dispensing in powders. Even by mixing all 
of the other ingredients except the acid and adding it last 
and then mixing lightly on paper the mixture becomes 
sticky. By diluting the acid with twice its weight of pow- 
dered althea and then with the other ingredients a fair 
powder can be obtained. Probably the best way would be 
to put the ingredients into capsules, separating the acid from 
the exalgin by the phenacetin and cocaine. 
149. 
This makes a mixture which is very thick at first, but yet 
can be poured. Allow it to stand for half an hour and it 
solidifies; by the end of twelve hours it is so firm that it can- 
not be shaken in the bottle. Even if only one half of the 
amount of magnesia is used the mixture will solidify so that 
it cannot be shaken up if allowed to stand undisturbed for a 
day or two. Magnesium oxide takes up water to form the INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
185 
gelatinous magnesium hydrate. The alkalies all tend to 
prevent the precipitation of the resinous matter in the tinc- 
ture by the water. 
150. 
Several chemical reactions will take place, depending upon 
the order of mixing. The possible reactions are as follows: 
1. Ferric iron is reduced to ferrous iron, giving at first a red 
solution of ferric sulphite. 2. The hydrochloric acid of the 
tincture reacts with the hyposulphite, forming sodium chlo- 
ride, sulphurous acid, and sulphur. 3. With potassium chlo- 
rate, the sulphurous acid thus formed gives potassium sul- 
phate, hydrochloric and sulphuric acids. 4. Hydrochloric acid 
with potassium chlorate gives potassium chloride, water, 
chlorine, and several oxides of chlorine. 5. The chlorine thus 
formed oxidizes the reduced ferric salt back to the ferric con- 
dition and oxidizes the hyposulphite to a sulphate. 
There is not enough water to dissolve all of the chlorate, 
and after the reactions have taken place there is not enough 
acid to form a normal ferric salt of all of the iron; a part of 
it remains as an insoluble oxychloride. 
151. 
When phenacetin and quinine sulphate are triturated 
together no change is noticed, but on adding hydrobromic 
acid the mixture acquires a yellowish-green color. What 
reaction occurs has not been determined. Phenacetin and 
hydrobromic acid give a white mixture; quinine sulphate 
and hydrobromic acid give only a very slight greenish color. 
Another incompatibility is between the hydrobromic acid and 
the calomel; a part of the mercurous chloride is reduced to 
metallic mercury, and a part is oxidized to mercuric chloride, 
which is much more active than calomel. By adding the 186 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
calomel last the reaction can be prevented to some extent,, 
but it may even then be considered as a rather dangerous 
mixture. The directions are: Mix and divide into 10 equal 
parts and put into gelatin capsules. 
152. 
Commercial dilute hydrocyanic acid usually contains some 
free sulphuric or hydrochloric acid, which has been added to 
preserve the hydrocyanic acid. If one of these mineral acids 
is present an effervescence will take place. Hydrocyanic 
acid itself does not decompose carbonates. (Prescott and 
Johnson’s Qualitative Chemical Analysis, 4th ed., p. 308,) 
Hydrocyanic acid easily decomposes in water, but in an 
alkaline solution its decomposition is much quicker. 
153. 
Triturating salol and monobromated camphor together 
produces a liquid. But if the acetanilid and salol are 
rubbed together first and then the camphor added a damp 
powder is obtained. If about fifteen grains of powdered soap 
are then added it will make a good mass with water. 
154. 
The order of mixing these ingredients makes a difference 
in the products first formed, but after standing the results 
are probably similar. If the solution of zinc chloride and the 
lime water are mixed together a white precipitate of zinc 
hydrate is formed, and there is no change in appearance on 
adding; the mercuric chloride dissolved in the water. 
o 
If, however, the mercuric chloride solution is added to 
the lime water the yellow oxide of mercury (yellow wash) is INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
precipitated. On adding the zinc chloride solution and 
allowing it to stand the precipitate is changed within two 
hours from a dense yellow to a flocculent white precipitate. 
If the lime water is added to the solution of mercuric 
chloride a red-brown precipitate of oxychloride of mercury 
is formed, and this is replaced by a white precipitate when the 
zinc chloride is added. 
That the lime water precipitates nearly all of the mercuric 
chloride when these two chemicals are brought together in 
the above proportions is evidenced by taking some of the 
clear supernatant liquid and passing hydrogen sulphide gas 
through it and getting little or no black precipitate of mer- 
curic sulphide. If some of the clear solution is taken after 
the zinc chloride has been added and the yellow precipitate 
turned white, and this solution is treated with hydrogen sul- 
phide, a heavy black precipitate of mercuric sulphide is pro- 
duced, showing that the mercuric oxide has been dissolved 
and the zinc precipitated. Owing to the fact that the mer- 
cury is in solution, this prescription might be considered 
dangerous for application, since if all of the mercury is redis- 
solved it will be in the proportion of about 1 to 500. 
ISS. 
Piperazin is strongly alkaline and when added to an 
aqueous solution of phenocoll hydrochloride precipitates the 
insoluble base phenocoll. Under certain circumstances, as 
when the phenocoll hydrochloride is from fifty to one hundred 
percent, in excess of the piperazin, a clear solution is said to 
be obtained. This prescription was filled by dissolving the 
phenocoll hydrochloride in the elixir, syrup, and peppermint 
water, and the piperazin in the water. The two solutions, 
were mixed, making a clear solution, which remained clear for 
two days. It then happened to be chilled at night and 
crystallization took place, making an almost solid mass, which 188 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
remained so even at the ordinary temperature. On warming 
a solution resulted, which remained clear at the ordinary term 
perature, but again solidified on being chilled. 
156. 
The resulting mixture is nearly black and very turbid, due 
to the tannate of iron formed. There is not enough of 
ammonia in the ammoniated tincture of guaiac to precipitate 
the iron unless the tincture of guaiac is made up fresh with 
fresh aromatic spirit of ammonia and the tincture of chloride 
of iron is free from excess of acid. Even then the syrup will 
tend to keep the ferric hydrate in solution. The syrup pre- 
cipitates the resinous matter from the tincture of aloes and of 
ammoniated guaiac. A fresh tincture of guaiac gives a blue 
coloration with tincture of ferric chloride. The tincture of 
aloes gives a brown-black color with the iron. 
157. 
The dose of the morphine sulphate is considerably in 
excess of the amount usually given. The prescribe!- shows 
his knowledge and appreciation of this fact by putting three 
exclamation-points after the ingredient. The prescription 
should be filled as written. Some physicians when wishing to 
give unusual doses underscore the ingredient and the quan- 
tity, The latter is perhaps a better method, as there is less 
danger of a mistake. The directions are: Mix. Dispense in 
io capsules. Label: Let one be taken during the night. 
158. 
On mixing these ingredients a blue-black solution is 
obtained. This is due to the presence of some ferric sul- INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
189 
phate. Ferrous sulphate as found in drug-stores nearly 
always contains some ferric sulphate. If strictly ferrous 
sulphate is used tannic acid gives no coloration with it. 
This prescription was filled by dissolving the clear crystals 
of ferrous sulphate in water, adding four grains of sodium 
hyposulphite and two drops of sulphuric acid, and boiling until 
all of the ferric iron was reduced to the ferrous, as shown by 
adding a drop of this solution to a solution of potassium 
sulphocyanide and getting no red color. The tannic acid 
was dissolved in another portion of water, the syrup added, 
and this added to the iron solution. A colorless liquid was 
obtained, astringent but not inky in taste. In three days the 
solution had assumed a green color and in ten days it was 
blue-black. This change, caused by the oxidation of the iron 
by the air, would have taken place sooner if the bottle had 
been opened frequently 
159. 
This prescription can be filled in one of two ways. The 
chloral hydrate may be dissolved in the water, and the 
camphor powdered and mixed with the syrup and then 
with the solution of chloral. The camphor will rise to the 
top. Or the camphor may be triturated with the chloral 
hydrate until liquefied, and this shaken with the syrup and 
water. The oily chloral-camphor does not dissolve in the 
water, but seems to be decomposed by it, the chloral going 
into solution and the camphor coming to the top as a soft 
white solid. There seems to be no difference in the final 
result as to which method of filling is used. In either case 
the mixture is a difficult one to pour so as to get an even 
dose of the camphor. A more elegant preparation would be 
made by dissolving the camphor in a little expressed oil of 
almonds and then emulsifying it with acacia. 190 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
160. 
Phosphoric acid with a solution of iron and quinine 
citrate gives a white precipitate, which is not soluble in the 
syrup of lemon. This precipitate is probably quinine phos- 
phate, it being soluble in 784 parts of water. It is more 
soluble in water acidulated with strong mineral acids than 
with citric acid. The tincture gives the black tannate of iron 
with the scale salt. Water precipitates extractive matter 
from the tincture. The final mixture is turbid and of a 
greenish-black color. 
161. 
In lightly mixing the first two ingredients when powdered 
and perfectly dry no change in color is noticed; triturated 
together with considerable pressure, the powder turns gray. 
As soon as moisture comes in contact with the mixed pow- 
ders they become dark gray,—the coloration is due to the 
formation of metallic mercury,—while at the same time a part 
of the calomel is changed to mercuric chloride and mercuric 
cyanide. The prescription should not be dispensed. (See 
No. 192.) A translation of the latter part of the prescription 
is: Tragacanth, water, of each a quantity sufficient to make 
a mass which is to be formed into 30 pills. Label: Take 
two pills every night. 
162. 
Soluble metallic salts frequently throw the volatile in- 
gredient of medicated or aromatic waters out of solution. 
In this case there will be a separation of camphor, which will 
rise and float on top. The amount is so small that it may be 
disregarded or filtered out. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
191 
163. 
The Rochelle salt throws some of the camphor out of 
solution. Then on the addition of the aromatic sulphuric 
acid the turbidity is increased on account of the separation 
of the oil of cinnamon and the resin of ginger. Chemical 
reaction takes place between the Rochelle salt and the sul- 
phuric acid, the sodium sulphate going into solution and 
potassium bitartrate being precipitated. 
164. 
Fowler’s solution is alkaline in reaction and has a tendency 
to precipitate the alkaloids from the fluid extract, but this is 
prevented by the alcohol in the elixir. The Fowler’s solu- 
tion contains some carbonate and bicarbonate of potassium, 
which are said to be incompatible with antipyrin. Am- 
monium iodide generally contains a little free iodine, and 
iodine combines with antipyrin. Practically, however, this 
prescription can be filled without difficulty or danger. 
165. 
Strychnine (free alkaloid) is soluble in 6700 parts of 
water. There is enough of water and alcohol in the elixir to 
prevent the aromatic spirit of ammonia from throwing it out 
of solution. Nor will the ammonia precipitate the alkaloids 
of the elixir of cinchona. The above mixture will not be 
clear, however, because the oils in the aromatic spirit will be 
separated by the elixir. If the spirit of ammonia were used 
instead of the aromatic spirit a dark-red clear solution would 
be obtained. This substitution would not be allowable with- 
out the prescriber’s consent. 192 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
166. 
All of the ingredients except the syrup can be mixed 
together without producing much turbidity. But on adding 
the syrup to this mixture the resinous matter from the fluid 
extract and tincture is precipitated, and the copaiba, oil of 
turpentine, and camphor are separated. To make a present- 
able mixture some emulsifying agent must be used. 
167. 
On adding carbolic acid to albumen or to collodion 
coagulation takes place (difference from creosote).” (U. S. 
P., 9.) This mixture makes a solid mass and cannot be 
applied with a brush. 
168. 
If the Fowler’s solution is added to the tincture of 
nux vomica the alkali in the solution will liberate the free 
alkaloid strychnine, but it will be held in solution by the 
alcohol until the infusion is added. With the addition of 
most infusions the alkaloids would be precipitated, but the 
infusion of cinchona contains sulphuric acid, which combines 
with the alkaloids, forming a soluble salt. The water of the 
infusion will precipitate some of the inert matter from the 
tincture 
169. 
Basic lead acetate precipitates acacia from its aqueous 
solution, making a gelatinous solid. Neutral lead acetate does 
not have that effect. 
170. 
The cilver nitrate is entirely precipitated by the sodium 
chloride as silver chloride. It is customary to filter eye- INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
washes, and if this one is filtered there will be only a very 
weak sodium chloride solution left. These two chemicals 
cannot be put into the same solution without precipitation. 
171. 
If concentrated solutions of the first two ingredients are 
mixed together a reddish-brown salicylate of iron is precipi- 
tated. The citric acid in the syrup of lemon precipitates 
salicylic acid from a concentrated solution of lithium salicyl- 
ate. By dissolving the iron salt in a part of the water and 
adding the syrup, then dissolving the salicylate in the balance 
of the water and mixing the solutions, a clear deep-red- 
colored solution can be obtained. The deep-red color is due 
to the ferric salicylate formed. 
172. 
The calcium hypophosphite slowly reduces the mercuric 
chloride to mercurous chloride and finally to metallic mercury. 
This precipitation is not readily seen in the syrup of sarsa- 
parilla, but if water is used instead of the syrup a turbidity 
is noticed as soon as solutions of the salts are brought 
together. The syrup of sarsaparilla also has a tendency to 
reduce the corrosive sublimate, but only very slowly. 
173. 
The maximum dose of santonin, as given by most authori- 
ties, is four grains, some giving as high as five grains. Hav- 
ing two maximum doses coming so close together renders 
this prescription a dangerous one. Prescriptions containing 
santonin should be protected from the light, as light causes a 
change in color from white to yellow, probably with the 
formation of new compounds. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
174. 
This mixture is far from being a solution. The benzoin 
and the tolu are only partially soluble in alcohol and the 
acacia is insoluble. The insoluble matter quickly settles to 
the bottom of the mixture, forming a layer nearly equal in 
depth to that of the supernatant liquid. It, however, may 
be readily diffused through the liquid by agitation. A 
“ Shake well ” label is necessary. 
175. 
This prescription should not be filled, as there is danger 
of forming the fulminate of mercury, which is highly explo- 
sive when dry. 
176. 
Borax is alkaline in reaction and precipitates nearly all 
alkaloids from solutions of their salts. It precipitates the 
cocaine in this prescription, but the difficulty can be pre- 
vented by the use of a little glycerin. The glycerin acts 
chemically on the borax, breaking it up and forming sodium 
metaborate and boric acid. (See No. 141.) If boric acid 
were used instead of borax no precipitation would occur. 
177. 
Both the ammonium carbonate and the ammonium hydrate 
precipitate the mercuric chloride as nitrogen dihydrogen 
mercuric chloride, known in commerce as “ ammoniated mer- 
cury ” or “white precipitate.” The precipitate settles 
quickly, but does not leave a clear fluid. The water of the 
mercuric chloride solution throws the oils of the aromatic 
spirit out of solution, making a white milky mixture. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
195 
178. 
Two chemical reactions take place in mixing the above 
ingredients, whereby such bulky precipitates are formed that 
the mixture is poured with difficulty. There are two kinds 
of precipitates, one crystalline and one curdy. The hydro- 
bromic acid liberates the salicylic acid, which is soluble in 
450 parts of water and is crystalline. The sodium salicylate 
precipitates the curdy quinine salicylate. 
179 
On mixing solutions of the first two ingredients a reaction 
takes place, with the formation of free iodine and a reddish- 
brown precipitate. The aqueous solution of iron and quinine 
citrate is acid, and ferric salts in acid solutions with potassium 
iodide are reduced to ferrous compounds, iodine being lib- 
erated. lodine in an aqueous solution of potassium iodide 
is a general alkaloidal reagent and precipitates the quinine. 
180. 
This prescription is frequently given as an example of the 
incompatibility of bromides with strychnine salts. It is said 
that crystals of strychnine bromide will form after the mix- 
ture has been standing for half an hour. The writer failed 
repeatedly to get a precipitate even on making the solution 
twice as strong as that called for and also varying the propor- 
tions. The precipitation is partially explained by some 
writers by saying that the strychnine bromide is soluble in 
water, but insoluble in a solution of potassium bromide. 
181. 
Although the Fowler’s solution is alkaline, there is enough 
of acid in the prescription to prevent any precipitation by it. 196 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
The insoluble ferric hypophosphite is, however, precipitated 
as a white amorphous powder, and perhaps also some calcium 
phosphate. The mixture can be dispensed with a “ Shake 
well ’ ’ label. 
182. 
The National Dispensatory (sth ed., p. 826) says of 
calomel: “ Boiling hydrochloric acid dissolves mercuric 
chloride and leaves mercury; in the diluted state and heated 
in contact with air mercuric chloride is slowly dissolved with- 
out separation of mercury.” And again: “According to 
Jolly’s observations, corrosive sublimate is also formed from 
calomel in the presence of hydrochloric acid.” 
It is a somewhat disputed question whether in such a 
prescription there would be any mercuric chloride formed, 
and if so whether the amount formed would be sufficient to 
have any disagreeable physiological effect. If the prescrip- 
tion is to be used up in a short time probably no bad results 
would follow. 
183. 
Terpin hydrate dissolves in about 250 parts of water and 
iodol in about 5000 parts of water. These should be finely 
powdered before mixing with the other ingredients, and the 
prescription dispensed with a “Shake well” label. The 
glycerin and syrup are sufficiently viscid to keep the in- 
soluble substances in suspension for a time. 
184, 
Each ingredient should be powdered separately and then 
mixed lightly with the other. If the two are rubbed together 
with some force slight crackling explosions take place. A 
sharp blow would probably cause serious results. The patient INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
197 
should be cautioned. With a little care on the part of the 
pharmacist and patient no ill results will follow from this 
combination. 
185. 
Menthol is only slightly soluble in water, although freely 
soluble in alcohol. There is not enough of alcohol in the 
tincture to dissolve and keep it in solution. The prescriber 
should be advised of this fact and asked to direct an oil or 
glycerin instead of water. 
186. 
Santonin is soluble in about 40 parts of alcohol, nearly 
insoluble in water, and not readily soluble in turpentine. 
The amount prescribed is not all soluble in the mixture. 
The turpentine does not mix, but floats on top. Extractive 
matter from the fluid extracts is precipitated. The santonin 
should be in the form of a fine powder and the mixture made 
into an emulsion. 
187. 
The potassium carbonate is deliquescent. It should be 
powdered with some absorbent powder, such as althea, and 
then the arsenic, previously triturated with some sugar of milk, 
added. Next add the mass of iron and if necessary a little 
water. The pills should be dispensed in a bottle protected 
from the atmosphere; otherwise they will become soft. 
188. 
This solution has a much larger proportion of active in- 
gredients than is usually prescribed in an eye-wash. Probably 
the prescriber meant grains instead of drams. It should not INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
be dispensed without consulting the physician, as it would 
probably cause intense irritation. 
189. 
In mixing the first three ingredients together there is 
danger of forming the explosive nitrosaccharose, or, as it is 
sometimes called, “ vigorite.” By diluting the acids with 
water there would be no danger, nor would the sulphuric acid 
carbonize the sugar. 
190. 
Borax is soluble in 16 parts of water, and in this case 
there is not enough to dissolve it. Boric acid requires 25.6 
parts of water to dissolve it, but it is much more soluble in a 
solution of borax. The principal difficulty with this prescrip- 
tion is that the mucilage of acacia is gelatinized by the borax, 
making a stiff mass. Boric acid has not the effect of gelati- 
nizing acacia, and borax is prevented from doing so by the 
presence of sugar. Glycerin also prevents this action by 
decomposing the borax. 
191. 
The first two ingredients are both disinfectants and oxi- 
dizing agents, yet they react on each other, with the reduction 
of both. The chemical reaction is represented by the follow- 
ing equation: 
2KMnO.+ 5H,0. + 3H.SO. 
= 50, + BH,O + K.SO. + 2MnS04. 
The sulphuric acid necessary for the reaction is present in 
the hydrogen dioxide water, as a small amount is allowed to 
remain for preservation of the dioxide. The amount of INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
199 
hydrogen dioxide which 20 grains of potassium permanganate 
would act upon is 10.7 grains. If the dioxide water is offi- 
cial 1 fluid ounce contains about 13.7 grains of hydrogen di- 
oxide, which would be sufficient to reduce all of the perman- 
ganate and decolorize the solution. The directions are: Let 
them be mixed by vigorous shaking. Label: Let it be 
applied to the affected parts night and morning. 
192. 
The cherry-laurel water of the Br. P. contains o. 1 per cent, 
of hydrocyanic acid. It has been proven that calomel with 
hydrocyanic acid is changed to mercuric chloride, mercuric 
cyanide, and metallic mercury. Hydrocyanic acid displaces 
hydrochloric acid in dilute solutions, while in concentrated 
solutions hydrochloric acid displaces hydrocyanic acid. The 
pharmacist might be justified in declining to fill this, although 
there is such a small amount of hydrocyanic acid that there 
would not be much of the mercuric salts formed. 
193. 
A mixture of thymol, alcohol, and ammonia is colorless 
at first, but acquires a decided though not deep green color on 
standing for a week. If the chlorinated soda solution is 
added to a mixture of thymol, alcohol, and ammonia a light- 
green clear solution is formed at once. Within ten minutes 
this becomes slightly turbid and of a deep-green color. On 
allowing it to stand a day an oily fluid separates from the 
dark-green solution in little round globules. These globules 
are black in appearance, but when broken up into very small 
ones they are blue-red or purple in color. This oily liquid 
has nearly the same specific gravity as the aqueous liquid. 200 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
194 
When the cocaine is mixed with the solution of silver 
nitrate it gives a black precipitate of silver oxide. If the 
cocaine is first dissolved in water with the aid of a little dilute 
nitric acid, which converts the alkaloid into a salt, the solu- 
tion can be mixed with the silver nitrate without any precipi- 
tation. 
195. 
This mixture gives at first a clear solution, but within a 
few minutes it begins to grow turbid from the production of a 
light-brown-colored precipitate, which quite rapidly increases 
and becomes dark brown. This precipitation is due chiefly 
to the action of the eugenol in the pirnenta on the tincture 
of iron. This is somewhat characteristic of all phenols, and 
the color varies with the dilution. If the tincture of iron is 
not so very acid the quinine will precipitate some of the iron. 
196. 
The quinine sulphate dissolves in the water and citric acid, 
making a clear solution that does not precipitate on standing. 
On adding the potassium citrate, crystals begin to separate at 
once. If a large excess of citric acid is used the precipita- 
tion does not occur. It is said that the crystals are quinine 
acid citrate. If a solution of potassium citrate is added to a 
solution of quinine sulphate in water with a little sulphuric 
acid a similar precipitation of crystals takes place. The 
directions are: Mix. Label: A dessertspoonful after meals. 
197. 
In the presence of moisture this mixture becomes black. 
According to A. Sneider (Chem. Zeitung, 1893, p. 248), a INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
201 
double salt of the alkaloid and mercuric chloride is formed 
and some metallic mercury, the latter giving the mixture the 
dark color. Several of the alkaloids have that property. 
The directions translated into English are: Mix. Send 8 
such powders. Label: Of these powders take one night and 
morninp- 
198. 
There is considerable danger in mixing these ingredients 
and the directions to “ mix cautiously ” should be followed. 
The potassium bichromate was powdered and mixed with the 
tar. To this the sulphuric acid was added with constant 
stirring. Heat and acrid fumes were generated. The mix- 
ture was a black, soft, granular mass, which after standing a 
day was scarcely acid to litmus paper. It probably had but 
little caustic effect. 
199. 
Sometimes the lime liniment causes a darkening when 
mixed with citrine ointment. In making the citrine ointment, 
if the nitric acid be insufficient in amount or the temperature 
rise too high, the oxidation of the fatty matter is effected in 
part at the expense of the mercuric nitrate, forming a mer- 
curous nitrate. The calcium hydrate in the lime liniment 
acts on the mercurous salt, forming the black mercurous 
oxide. A translation of the directions is: “ Make an oint- 
ment, to be used as directed.” 
200. 
The usual dose of the fluid extract of gelsemium is from 
two to three minims. In the above prescription it would be 
about twice this. When chloral hydrate and antipyrin are 
brought together in concentrated solutions in the right 202 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
proportions an oily liquid separates and upon standing 
forms crystals of monochloral antipyrin, commonly known as 
hypnal. In this case there is more than enough of chloral for 
the antipyrin, the proper proportions being 47 Gm. of chloral 
to 53 Gm. of antipyrin. Possibly there may be some dichloral 
antipyrin formed in this prescription. At least there is a 
separation of an oily liquid that does not solidify. The 
resinous matter from the fluid extracts is precipitated by the 
water. The prescription should not be dispensed without 
consulting the prescriber. 
201. 
Ferric acetate is formed in this prescription and it gives 
a very deep red color to the solution. If the ingredients 
answer the pharmacopoeial requirements there will be no in- 
compatibility. However, the solution of ammonium acetate 
is sometimes quite strongly alkaline, due to excess of am- 
monium carbonate or deficiency of acetic acid used; and if 
the tincture of iron is free from an excess of acid the alkali 
causes the precipitation of ferric hydrate. 
202. 
As this prescription is written it would make a dangerous 
mixture. The solution of potassium arsenite, being alkaline, 
would precipitate the strychnine. If the solution of arsenous 
acid were directed instead of Fowler’s solution there would 
be no danger and the physiological effect would be the same. 
203. 
When the first two ingredients are rubbed together in a 
mortar chemical reaction takes place with enough violence 
to amount almost to an explosion, and there is an evolution INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
203 
of a large volume of white fumes. If the two chemicals are 
powdered separately and then mixed together lightly the 
change is slower and the mixture gradually turns brown. If 
mixed with separate portions of the cerate and then these 
mixed the reaction is retarded, but the ointment ultimately 
becomes brown. Chloral hydrate and potassium cyanide 
form dichloro-acetic acid, and in concentrated solutions form 
a crystalline compound which is not very soluble in water. 
(Muir and Morley’s edition of Watts’ Dictionary, vol. 11. 
p. 4.) 
204. 
The quinine sulphate would not be entirely soluble even 
though there were no tannic acid in the infusion. The tannic 
acid converts the quinine sulphate into the less soluble quinine 
tannate. The oil in the spirit of rosemary is thrown out of 
solution, as well as some of the inert matter in the tincture. 
This is a poor combination, even for an external preparation. 
205. 
By triturating the zinc oxide and carbonate with the 
petrolatum, and then adding the lime water gradually, a 
partial emulsion can be effected. By the addition of thirty 
grains of acacia an emulsion can be made, which soon 
separates into three layers, the bottom consisting of the zinc 
salts, the middle chiefly of water, and the top of the emulsi- 
fied petrolatum. These are readily mixed on agitation. 
Petrolatum is not saponified or otherwise chemically acted 
upon by calcium hydrate or other hydrates, as are the organic 
fixed oils and fatty substances. 
206. 
Salicylic acid is soluble in 450 parts of water and 60 parts 
of glycerin; consequently a solution cannot be made unless 204 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
something else be added. “ With half its weight of borax 
and two and a half times its weight of glycerin a twenty-five 
per cent solution of salicylic acid may be obtained.” (Nat. 
Dispensatory, sth ed., p. 89.) This prescription with thirty 
grains of borax would make a clear solution. But the addi- 
tion of borax, potassium nitrate, ammonium citrate, or sodium 
phosphate should not be made without the knowledge of the 
prescriber. In the absence of the physician this should be 
dispensed as a “ Shake ” mixture. 
207. 
By mixing these ingredients a bright-red precipitate is 
formed in a few minutes and the iodine color of the liquid is 
nearly destroyed. In the course of a day or two there is no 
free iodine present. Probably three chemical reactions take 
place. The mercurous chloride and potassium iodide in 
the tincture form potassium mercuric iodide, potassium chlo- 
ride, and metallic mercury. The metallic mercury with the 
iodine forms mercurous iodide, and this with more iodine 
makes the red mercuric iodide. The final products depend 
to some extent upon the proportion of the tincture to the 
calomel. 
208. 
The trouble with this prescription is to get into and to 
keep in solution the two alkaloidal salts. Cocaine hydro- 
chlorate is soluble in .48 part of water, 3.5 parts of alcohol, 
2800 parts of ether, or 17 parts of chloroform. Morphine 
sulphate is soluble in 2 1 parts of water, 702 parts of alcohol, 
and nearly insoluble in ether or chloroform. The alcohol in 
the tincture is not present in sufficient amount to dissolve all 
of the morphine sulphate, and the ether and chloroform 
would throw out about all that the alcohol dissolves. As a INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
rule, the free alkaloids are much more soluble in ether or 
chloroform than are their salts, but morphine is an exception. 
Morphine dissolves in 300 parts of alcohol (not enough in the 
two ounces of the tincture to dissolve the amount that would 
correspond to 15 grains of the sulphate), in 4000 parts of 
ether, or 6000 parts of chloroform. It is impossible to get the 
morphine sulphate or the free alkaloid into solution. The 
prescription should not be dispensed. 
209. 
In neutralizing tincture of ferric chloride by adding am- 
monia water to it a precipitate is formed, consisting of ferric 
hydrate and basic ferric chloride. If the ammonia water is 
added to a part of the syrup, and then this added to the tinc- 
ture of iron previously diluted with the balance of the syrup, 
no precipitation will occur even though an excess of ammonia 
is used. The resulting fluid is of a very dark red color. 
The syrup acts as a solvent for the ferric hydrate. It is better 
to add a strong solution of ammonia than a weak one, as the 
water dilutes the syrup so much that it will not prevent the 
precipitation. 
210. 
This makes at first a clear colorless solution, but within 
a day or two becomes of a dark brownish-red color. On 
standing a few days there is a slight precipitation, the 
amount depending on the condition of the salt and the spirit. 
If the salt is neutral and the spirit strongly acid a small 
amount of salicylic acid will be thrown out of solution. By 
neutralizing the acid the precipitation is prevented and the 
coloration hindered, although care must be used not to make 
the solution alkaline, as an alkaline solution of a salicylate 
quite quickly becomes colored. Possibly there is some 20 6 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
nitrosalicylic acid formed in this prescription. The directions 
are: Mix. Label: Dessertspoonful three times a day. 
211. 
On adding the sulphurous acid to the tincture of iron the 
mixture becomes of a much darker red color at first and then 
nearly colorless. The glycerin may now be added and then 
the potassium chlorate dissolved in the water. There is 
barely a sufficient amount of water to dissolve the chlorate 
at the ordinary temperature, and after mixing with the other 
ingredients some of the salt is thrown out of solution by the 
alcohol of the tincture. Different chemical reactions take 
place, depending on the order of mixing. The possible 
reactions are as follows: I. Between the ferric iron and the 
sulphurous acid, forming ferrous sulphate and hydrochloric 
acid. 2. Between the potassium chlorate and the hydro- 
chloric acid in the tincture, forming chlorine. 3. Between 
the chlorine and the ferrous sulphate, forming a ferric salt and 
a chloride. 4. Between the chlorine and the sulphurous acid, 
forming sulphuric and hydrochloric acids. 5. Between the 
chlorine and the glycerin. 6. Between the potassium chlor- 
ate and the sulphurous acid, forming potassium sulphate and 
hydrochloric acid. 
212. 
This prescription was filled by dissolving the inorganic 
salts in the water and the camphor in the alcohol. The tinc- 
ture was added to the alcoholic solution and then the two 
solutions mixed. A turbidity resulted at once, and on stand- 
ing for some time crystals were formed. This is due to the 
insolubility of the inorganic salts in the alcohol, which throws 
them out of their aqueous solution. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
20 7 
213. 
There is barely enough of water to dissolve the borax, it 
being soluble in 16 parts of water. Mercuric chloride requires 
about 16 parts of water, and the twenty grains would require 
about two thirds of an ounce. If the mercuric chloride is 
dissolved in part of the water, and the borax is mixed with 
the balance of the water and then with the corrosive sub- 
limate solution, or if the borax is dissolved in the water and 
then the mercuric chloride added to this, the result will be 
about the same. In either case there will be formed a dark 
reddish-brown precipitate of an oxychloride of mercury, and 
also a white precipitate of borax or boric acid. The mercury 
is ultimately entirely precipitated. The directions are; Make 
a lotion. Use frequently. 
214 
The carbonate in the Fowler’s solution precipitates the 
ferrous carbonate, which is white if purely ferrous, but 
quickly oxidizes, changing to a dark green. This slowly 
oxidizes still more, forming a red-brown basic ferric salt. 
Probably some of the arsenic is also precipitated. The sugar 
in the syrup tends to prevent the oxidation of the ferrous 
carbonate. 
215. 
Piperazin is so deliquescent that it becomes liquefied when 
exposed to air; consequently it cannot well be dispensed in 
the form of powders. Probably the best way is to put it 
into good capsules, and even then it may liquefy. It also 
absorbs carbon dioxide from the air. The directions are: Let 
it be triturated well. Let 12 powders be made. 208 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
216. 
This makes a solution which is nearly neutral to litmus. 
The upper portion, which is in contact with the air, soon 
acquires a green color. The color deepens, becoming a dark 
greenish brown and after some days a reddish brown. 
According to Allen (Organic Analysis, vol. 111. part I. p. 68), 
this is due to the production of “ tanno-melanic acid.” The 
directions are: Mix and make a lotion. Label: Let it be 
applied in the manner directed. 
217. 
Crystallized carbolic acid when triturated with lead acetate 
or with thymol gives a liquid, and the reaction cannot be 
prevented by first mixing the ingredients with separate por- 
tions of the base and then rubbing these together. The mass 
is too soft to make into suppositories, and it is necessary to 
use some drying-powder or spermaceti to stiffen it. The 
directions are: Mix carefully. Make io suppositories. 
218. 
Three chemical reactions may take place in mixing these 
ingredients. One is between the sodium benzoate and the 
sulphuric acid, forming sodium sulphate and benzoic acid. 
The benzoic acid is only sparingly soluble in water, but there 
is enough of alcohol in the elixir to keep it in solution. 
Another reaction is between the sulphuric acid and the quinine 
sulphate, making the soluble bisulphate. The third reaction 
is between the sodium benzoate and the quinine salt, forming 
quinine benzoate, which is not very soluble in water. The 
prescription was filled dissolving the quinine sulphate in 
part of the elixir and the benzoate in the remainder and then INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
209 
mixing these solutions. At first it made a clear solution, 
but soon commenced to precipitate and by the next day it 
was a solid mass of crystals. 
219. 
The quinine sulphate .vas dissolved in the tincture of iron 
with the hydrobromic acid and then an aqueous solution of 
the corrosive sublimate added, A precipitation commenced 
at once and continued for some time. Mercuric chloride is a 
general alkaloidal reagent, and so also is the double com- 
pound that it forms with the hydrobromic acid ; these combine 
with the quinine to form insoluble compounds. In such a 
prescription as this the danger lies, not in the precipitation 
of the quinine, but of the mercuric chloride, and in this par- 
ticular instance it is almost entirely thrown out of solution. 
It should not be dispensed. 
220. 
The potassium nitrate and the lead acetate were powdered 
separately and then mixed with the oil. To this the sul- 
phuric acid was added slowly with constant stirring, avoiding 
letting the mixture get hot. The carbolic acid was added 
last. The mixture thus produced was black and thick. 
Several reactions ensue, depending to some extent upon the 
order of mixing. I. Sulphuric acid with lead acetate gives 
lead sulphate and acetic acid. 2. Sulphuric acid with potas- 
sium nitrate forms potassium sulphate and nitric acid. 3. 
The nitric acid may act on the oil, oxidizing it. 4. The 
nitric acid may act upon the carbolic acid, forming picric 
acid. 5. The sulphuric acid forms with carbolic acid sulpho- 
carbolic acid. 6. Sulphuric acid has a carbonizing effect 
upon the oil. 210 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
221. 
No matter what order is used in mixing these ingredients 
a clear solution cannot be obtained. Several chemical reac- 
tions are liable to take place. I. Potassium acetate with 
tincture chloride of iron gives a red solution of ferric acetate. 
2. Potassium acetate with a solution of quinine sulphate 
gives the almost insoluble quinine acetate. 3. Sodium 
bicarbonate precipitates morphine from a solution of its salt. 
4. Sodium bicarbonate precipitates ferric hydrate from the 
tincture of iron. 5. Sodium bicarbonate precipitates the 
quinine from a solution of the sulphate. 6. The morphine 
sulphate gives a blue-green solution with the tincture of iron. 
222. 
The strychnine and the iodoform are insoluble in the 
syrups. The strychnine sulphate should be used instead of 
the alkaloid and then it will dissolve in the syrups. The 
iodoform should be finely powdered before mixing with the 
other ingredients and a “ Shake ” label should be put on the 
bottle. Very frequently syrup of hydriodic acid contains 
some free iodine, which would precipitate the alkaloids, but 
by mixing the two syrups together first the iodine is reduced 
by the hypophosphorus acid in the syrup of hypophosphites. 
There is perhaps a little danger of the hydriodic acid precipi- 
tating the strychnine, as under certain conditions iodides 
precipitate that alkaloid. 
223. 
This mixture makes a very stiff liquid, so that it will hardly 
pour. A reaction takes place between the glycerin and the 
balsam. On standing exposed to the air the glycerin absorbs INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
moisture, the mixture becomes thinner, the balsam coming 
to the top. 
224. 
The vaselin will not dissolve in the bay rum and on being 
melted and shaken with the bay rum until cold separates in 
a mass. Acacia cannot be used to emulsify it on account of 
the alcohol present. The addition of soap or resinous matter 
in admissible amounts does not help it. The amount of car- 
bolic acid is very large, the mixture being so strong as to 
quickly make the skin white. The prescriber should be con- 
sulted. 
225. 
If the sodium salicylate is dissolved in a little water and 
then added directly to the tincture of iron ferric salicylate is 
precipitated. This can be prevented by diluting the iron 
with the solution of ammonium acetate. The oil of winter- 
green does not dissolve in the glycerin or the mixture of 
other ingredients. The solution is colored deep red by the 
ferric salicylate. 
Exalgin triturated with camphor makes a damp powder, 
or with salol it gives a liquid. Salol and camphor triturated 
together give a liquid. This mixture cannot be dispensed 
in the form of powders unless a large amount of some absorb- 
ing-powder, as slippery elm, is used. Perhaps the best way 
to dispense this combination would be to get the prescriber’s 
consent to make an emulsion with water and acacia, using 
7 o 
some expressed oil of almond to aid the emulsification. 
226. 
227 
The mercuric chloride with potassium iodide gives the 
potassium mercuric iodide (Mayer’s reagent) which precipi- 212 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
tates nearly all alkaloids, quinine not being an exception. 
The precipitation is prevented to considerable extent by the 
presence of alcohol, but there is not a sufficient amount here. 
In filling this prescription Mr. Martindale advises the use of 
one and a half ounces of glycerin in place of a like amount of 
water, when no precipitation occurs. His directions are to 
rub the quinine with the glycerin, then add the iodide, the 
tincture, the spirit, and lastly the mercuric chloride dissolved 
in water. 
228. 
On mixing these two ingredients together a white precipi- 
tate of calcium carbonate is formed, the spirit containing 
ammonium carbonate. The lime water also throws out of 
solution the oils of the aromatic spirit. Whether the precipi- 
tate should be filtered out or not must depend upon the con- 
ditions for which the medicine is prescribed. 
229. 
The bismuth subnitrate is not dissolved. The aromatic 
spirit of ammonia precipitates the zinc as zinc carbonate, due 
to the presence of ammonium carbonate. The carbonate 
may be slowly decomposed by the bismuth subnitrate, liberat- 
ing carbon dioxide, which might burst the bottle if tightly 
corked. 
230. 
Camphor requires about .8 part of alcohol for solution 
and pyrogallol requires one part. There is not enough 
of alcohol to dissolve both„ but the pyrogallol and camphor 
may be rubbed together to form a liquid, and this will 
mix with the alcohol. The solution will turn black, how- 
ever, on account of the oxidation of the pyrogallol by the 
air. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
213 
231. 
Reaction takes place between the two chemicals, resulting 
in the formation of the soluble ammonium acetate and the 
precipitation of a white basic carbonate of lead, which is really 
a carbonate and hydrate combined in various proportions. 
All the lead is precipitated. As it is for external use, it may 
be dispensed. 
232. 
This prescription would make pills weighing nearly eight 
grains each even though no excipient is used, and as two of 
the ingredients are liquids, it would require a large amount 
of an absorbent powder to make a mass and the pills would 
be entirely too large. A smaller amount of excipient can be 
used, and at the same time a larger amount of medicinal 
matter can be taken, in the form of capsules than in a pill. 
This prescription should either be put into capsules or be 
made into two or three times as many pills as directed, of 
course increasing the number to be taken at a dose. 
233. 
Several chemical reactions take place, depending on the 
order of mixing. The quinine sulphate is not all dissolved by 
the elixir. 1. The sodium salicylate combines with the 
quinine salt, forming the nearly insoluble quinine salicylate. 
2. The quinine sulphate forms with the mercuric chloride a 
double compound which is insoluble in water but soluble in 
alcohol. In this particular instance there is not enough of 
alcohol in the elixir to dissolve it. 3. The quinine is also 
precipitated as the free alkaloid by the alkali in Fowler’s 
solution. 4. The carbonate in Fowler’s solution precipitates 
the mercury as a red-brown basic salt. 214 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
234. 
The U. S. Dispensatory (17th ed., p. 716) gives a formula 
for making the colorless hydrastis, which consists of twenty 
grains of hydrastine hydrochlorate or sulphate dissolved in a 
pint of a mixture of glycerin and water. In this prescription 
we have the borax decomposed by either the honey or the 
glycerin, forming boric acid and sodium metaborate. The 
boric acid liberates carbon dioxide from the sodium bicar- 
bonate. Carbon dioxide may also be liberated by the bis- 
muth subnitrate, bismuth subcarbonate being slowly formed. 
The bicarbonate of sodium may also liberate the hydrastine 
from the acid with which it is combined, but the alkaloid will 
not be precipitated in the presence of so much honey, 
glycerin, and water. 
235. 
The compound liniment of camphor contains ammonia, 
and this with the iodine forms ammonium iodide and a little 
ammonium iodate. The mixture at first is red-brown, but 
becomes colorless as the iodine is changed. There is some 
danger of forming the explosive iodide of nitrogen. (See 
under IODUM.) 
236. 
This mixture quickly becomes blue, the color gradually 
deepening, and a turbidity is produced. The addition of an 
acid turns it red. Mention is made of this change in Allen’s 
Organic Analysis (vol. 11. p. 539), and also in Muir and Mor- 
ley’s edition of Watts’ Dictionary (vol. 111. p. 832), but no 
explanation is given nor intimation of the chemical change 
which takes place. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
215 
237. 
The result of this mixture is a soft mass, varying in color 
with the amount of litharge left unchanged. The acetic acid 
dissolves some of the lead as the acetate or subacetate. The 
heating of the rice-flour with the acid converts some of the 
starch into the soluble form. 
238. 
In Scoville’s Art of Compounding the statement is made 
that sodium bicarbonate with calomel forms corrosive sub- 
limate slowly, the change not taking place within four to six 
weeks ordinarily, so that, except under unusual conditions, 
any prescription would be used up before mercuric chloride 
is formed. It is a very common practice of physicians to 
direct the use of these two chemicals together. 
239. 
Sodium bicarbonate requires 11.3 parts of water for solu- 
tion. While there is sufficient water to dissolve the two salts 
and the acid, a precipitate very slowly forms after the addi- 
tion of the chloroform, due, probably, to the throwing out of 
solution some of the bicarbonate by the chloroform. The 
chloroform is not all dissolved, but sinks to the bottom. In 
dissolving sodium bicarbonate in water heat should not be 
used, because carbon dioxide is liberated, forming the normal 
sodium carbonate. Carbolic acid does not liberate carbon 
dioxide from the sodium bicarbonate. 
240, 
When antipyrin is rubbed with resorcin a pasty mass 
results, and this gradually becomes liquid. Acetanilid and 
resorcin triturated together make a liquid. When an aqueous INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
solution of antipyrin is mixed with a solution of resorcin a 
white precipitate is formed. Acetaniiid requires 194 parts 
of water for solution, so that in this prescription it will not 
be all dissolved. No matter how this is filled a clear solu- 
tion cannot be made without the addition of alcohol or some 
other solvent 
241. 
Cocaine hydrochlorate is soluble in 2800 parts of ether or 
3.5 parts of alcohol. As collodion is made up of 3 volumes 
of ether to 1 of alcohol, this salt will not dissolve in it. The 
free alkaloid cocaine is readily soluble in alcohol or ether, and 
consequently in collodion. The free alkaloid should be used 
and the prescriber notified of the change. 
242. 
Atropine sulphate is nearly insoluble in fixed oils. The 
free alkaloid is soluble in 38 parts of olive oil, and this is what 
should be used in filling this prescription. The physician 
should be notified of the change. 
The chromic acid and cocaine hydrochlorate were dis- 
solved in separate portions of water, using one dram for 
each, and these solutions were mixed. A yellow precipitate 
was formed, which dissolved when an equal volume of water 
was added to it. The pharmacist should get the permission 
of the prescriber to use a little more water, although the 
caustic effect of the acid is somewhat weakened. 
243. 
244. 
The spirit of nitrous ether gives a blue color with the tinc- 
ture of guaiac. The nitrous acid would probably affect the INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
217 
alkaloid colchicine, since it is so easily decomposed. Acids 
generally give yellow solutions with colchicine, but this change 
of course would not be noticed here. 
245. 
The potassium sulphide in the “ liver of sulphur” pre- 
cipitates part of the zinc as the white zinc sulphide. There 
is left in solution some zinc sulphate, potassium sulphate, 
and potassium hyposulphite. 
246. 
The aromatic sulphuric acid was probably added to reduce 
the bulk of the quinine, but an incompatibility is thereby 
introduced. The acid will liberate the carbon dioxide from 
the mass of carbonate of iron, causing the pills to swell and 
forming ferrous sulphate. The acid should be omitted. 
247. 
There will be a little silver permanganate thrown out of 
solution, it being soluble in 109 parts of water. This salt, 
like other silver salts, is decomposed by light and also by 
heat. 
248. 
Thymol and menthol liquefy when triturated together. 
If a powder were used to mass the liquid the required cap- 
sule would be entirely too large to swallow. By putting in 
the menthol, then the guaiacol carbonate, then the thymol, 
and lastly the eucalyptol, a kind of a mass will be formed, but 
it will be necessary to seal the capsules. 218 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
249. 
Benzoic acid is soluble in 500 parts of water and salicylic 
acid in 450 parts of water. If the directions to make a solu- 
tion with the aid of heat are followed the acids on cooling 
will separate out in much larger crystals than at first. A 
better mixture will be obtained by rubbing the acids well in 
the mortar and then mixing with the water and cocaine salt 
in the cold. The acids do not precipitate the alkaloid. 
250. 
The analysis of antikamnia shows it to contain some 
sodium bicarbonate, which would react with each of the other 
ingredients of the prescription if a mass were made of them. 
The capsules would necessarily be too large even though the 
ingredients were made into a mass. The dose of strychnine 
is too large; the usual maximum limit is of a grain, although 
some authorities give it as high as gr. The prescriber 
should be consulted. 
251. 
The oil, chloroform, spirit of camphor, and aromatic spirit 
of ammonia mixed together make a clear solution, but on 
the addition of the tincture and the whiskey the oil and 
chloroform are thrown out of the solution, and on standing 
the mixture separates into two clear layers the lower one 
being chloroform and oil. There is no .danger of the mor- 
phine being precipitated, for, although the free alkaloid is 
formed by the ammonia, there is enough of alcohol and 
chloroform to keep it in solution- 
252. 
The carbonate in the solution of potassium arsenite pre- 
cipitates the yellow-white silver carbonate. The arsenic also INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
219 
combines with the silver, forming yellow silver arsenite, which 
is insoluble in a neutral aqueous liquid. In this prescription 
the silver is not all precipitated. The yellow-white precipi- 
tate becomes dark on standing for a day, with the formation 
of silver oxide or metallic silver or both. 
253. 
The hydrogen dioxide liberates iodine from the hydriodic 
acid and then converts part of it into iodic acid, the amount 
depending on the strength of the water used. 
254. 
Castor oil and nearly all other fixed oils do not make clear 
solutions with glycerin. A “ Shake well ” label is necessary 
for this prescription. The oil need not be emulsified, as the 
two liquids are thick and do not separate quickly. 
255. 
The acid of the tincture and of the syrup will decompose 
the Rochelle salt, combining with the sodium and throwing 
out of solution the cream of tartar as a crystalline precipitate. 
256. 
The oil can be emulsified with the acacia, but on adding 
the borax the acacia is gelatinized and the mixture is changed 
to a solid. The addition of a little glycerin to the borax 
before it is added to the emulsion will prevent gelatinization 
on account of decomposition of the borax. Sugar will also 
prevent the gelatinization of acacia by borax. 220 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
257. 
The antipyrin was dissolved in the syrup and added to the 
syrup of iodide of iron without producing any apparent change 
at first. After a few days, however, the liquid became 
darkened and a crystalline precipitate of a deep-red color 
began to form. These crystals grew as the liquid was allowed 
to stand. Their composition was undetermined. 
258. 
Potassium permanganate oxidizes carbolic acid to oxalic 
acid and carbon dioxide. (Morley and Muir, vol. 111. p. 
832.) The permanganate is reduced and precipitated as man- 
ganese dioxide, which makes the mixture a semi-solid. 
There is a large excess of carbolic acid not oxidized. 
259. 
If a solution of borax is added to a solution of lead 
acetate a white precipitate of lead borate is formed. Or if 
the glycerin is added to the solution of lead acetate and then 
the borax solution added a precipitate is also formed. But 
if the glycerin is added to the borax solution first the borax 
is decomposed, with the ultimate formation of sodium meta- 
borate and boric acid, making an acid solution which does not 
precipitate the lead. 
260. 
The iodine is reduced by the tannic acid, but not com- 
pletely, and a turbid mixture is made. According to the U. S. 
Dispensatory (p. 101), hydriodic acid is formed and combines 
with a portion of the tannic acid and remains in solution, 
while the oxygen of the decomposed water combines with INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
221 
another portion of the tannic acid to form an insoluble com- 
pound. This mixture is capable of dissolving iodine. 
261. 
If the potassium chlorate and the glycerin are rubbed 
together an explosion is liable to occur. The chlorate and 
acid react to form a chloride and sulphate. After a day or 
two no odor of sulphurous acid can be detected. The 
chlorate does not all dissolve in the water, but the excess 
should not be filtered out, as it is to be mixed with more 
water before being used. 
262. 
Chromic acid oxidizes glycerin to oxalic and carbonic 
acids; it oxidizes alcohol to aldehyde and acetic acid. There 
is great danger of causing an explosion or igniting the organic 
matter in filling this prescription. The reaction is very 
violent. The chromic acid is changed to an insoluble oxide 
of chromium. 
263. 
The National Dispensatory (p. 847) states that when the 
first two ingredients are rubbed together explosion takes 
place, due to the formation of iodide of nitrogen. By mixing 
the first two ingredients with separate portions of lard and 
then mixing these there is but little danger. 
264. 
When the salol is added to the tincture of iron a dark- 
green to red mixture is produced. The said is partially dis- 
solved, but is nearly all precipitated when the syrup is added. 
According to the U. S. Pharmacopoeia, with a dilute solution 222 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
of iron an alcoholic solution of salol gives a violet color, while 
a dilute solution of salol added to the iron solution gives a 
whitish turbidity. 
The tincture of iodine and the collodion mix without any 
trouble or any reduction of the iodine even on standing for 
several days. But when the ammonia water is added and 
thoroughly shaken with the mixture it coagulates the collo- 
dion, making a thick liquid, the iodine is reduced chiefly to 
ammonium iodide and a little ammonium iodate, and there is 
danger of some explosive iodide of nitrogen being formed. 
The coagulation or thickening of the collodion is caused by 
the water chiefly, and not the ammonia, since pure water has 
a similar effect. The spirit of ammonia would be better than 
the ammonia water. 
265. 
266. 
Shaking the solution of potassium hydrate with the olive 
oil gives a white emulsion; some soap is formed in the reac- 
tion and this acts as an emulsifying agent. The compound 
iodine solution added to this gives a red-brown mixture, which 
slowly loses its color, becoming white within a few hours. 
The iodine is partly changed by the alkali, forming an iodide 
and an iodate. Part of the iodine combines with the oil to 
form a nearly colorless compound in which two atoms of the 
iodine are combined with one molecule of oleic acid. 
This mixture makes a clear solution at first, but soon com- 
mences to become turbid and give a light deposit. This is 
due to the action of the ferric chloride on the cinnamic 
aldehyde in the oil of cinnamon which is in the water. The 
arsenic and quinine are not precipitated. 
267. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
223 
268. 
This ointment, which is nearly white at first, soon becomes 
darkened and ultimately nearly black. The pyrogallic acid 
is oxidized and turned black by contact with air and light. 
It is also oxidized by the mercuric chloride, which is reduced 
to metallic mercury, while the pyrogallic acid is changed to 
acetic and oxalic acids. (Richter, 695.) 
269. 
When the first two ingredients are rubbed together a 
liquid is produced, and this mixed with the lard makes a very 
thin ointment in warm weather. The prescription was filled 
by replacing one half the lard by that amount of simple 
cerate. Rubbing the ingredients with separate portions of 
lard and then these together seems not to prevent the 
reaction between the exalgin and naphthol. 
270. 
The two liquids do not mix to form a clear solution. On 
allowing the mixture to stand the oil rises to the top. A 
“ Shake well” label is necessary. The two liquids are so 
thick and viscid that the separation is slow. 
271. 
On adding a solution of pyrogallol to a solution of lead 
acetate a white precipitate is formed, which turns dark in a 
few days, the upper portion getting black much sooner than 
the lower. The lead in this prescription is not all precipi- 
tated. 
272. 
If the oil is emulsified and then the borax dissolved in the 
water is added a tough solid mass is formed. If, however, 224 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
the borax is dissolved in the syrup with a little water and 
then added to the emulsion no trouble is experienced. Sugar 
prevents the gelatinizing effect of borax on the acacia. 
273. 
This prescription was filled by dissolving the salts in 
separate portions of water and then mixing. After a few 
hours a crystalline precipitate began to appear. The strych- 
nine was liberated from the sulphate by the cyanide solution, 
which was alkaline. Potassium cyanide is generally more or 
less alkaline, depending upon its exposure to air. The car- 
bon dioxide of the air decomposes it, liberating hydrocyanic 
acid. After neutralizing the potassium cyanide with sulphuric 
acid no precipitation resulted. 
274. 
While these ingredients make a homogeneous mixture, on 
allowing it to stand the glycerin separates out. By using 
three fourths of a dram of lanolin in place of that much of 
the ointment, and rubbing with it the glycerin and borax and 
then the ointment, an excellent mass is formed, from which 
the glycerin does not separate. 
275. 
The two salts were dissolved in separate portions of the 
syrup and then mixed. A turbidity resulted, and on filtering 
out the white precipitate and adding ammonia to it it was 
darkened, indicating calomel. The tartar emetic reduces the 
mercuric chloride to mercurous chloride. (Muir and Morley’s 
ed. Watts’ Dictionary, vol. IV. p. 643.) 225 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
276. 
Codeine is strongly basic and liberates ammonia from a 
solution of ammonium chloride. This can be readily proven 
by suspending wet red litmus paper in the bottle over the 
liquid. The National Dispensatory (p. 515) says that codeine 
also liberates morphine from its salt, so that in the presence 
of the ammonia which is formed in this prescription there is 
some danger of the morphine being precipitated. A slight 
precipitate makes its appearance after some hours and grad- 
ually increases, but the morphine is not nearly all thrown 
out of solution. 
277. 
When lime and sulphur are boiled together a red solution 
is formed. The calcium and sulphur unite to form calcium 
thiosulphate and calcium disulphide or pentasulphide, depend- 
ing on the proportions. This is the first reaction in making 
the official precipitated sulphur. 
278. 
If the lime water is added to the solution of lead sub- 
acetate the lead is partially precipitated as lead hydrate, the 
amount increasing on standing. By adding the glycerin to 
the lead solution first the lime water causes no precipitation. 
The zinc oxide is insoluble and quickly settles to the bottom. 
279. 
There is some danger of causing an explosion in mixing 
these two chemicals. Even on mixing these in smaller 
amounts the chemical reaction is quite violent. There are 
white fumes given off and the mixture is turned brown. The 226 
IN COM FA TIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
odor of chlorine is soon lost. Chlorine oxidizes glycerin to 
oxalic and carbonic acids, with intermediate products. 
280. 
The copper sulphate gives the water a pale-blue color. 
On heating this solution with the salicylic acid the color is 
changed to a grass-green, but goes back to the blue on cooling 
again. What causes the change of color when the solution is 
heated has not yet been explained. After standing for a 
considerable time the color becomes of a deeper blue. 
According to Muir and Morley (Watts’ Dictionary, vol. 111. 
p. 680), alkalies do not precipitate copper in the presence of 
salicylic acid. 
281. 
Potassium permanganate oxidizes salicylic acid to formic 
acid and carbon dioxide and oxidizes the ferrous sulphate to 
ferric sulphate, while it is itself precipitated as manganese 
dioxide. There not being enough of acid to combine with 
all of the ferric iron, part of it is precipitated as a red- 
brown basic ferric salt, which with the black manganese 
dioxide makes a dark-brown mixture. When the solid matter 
settles there is left a violet-colored supernatant liquid. The 
violet color is due to the formation of ferric salicylate. There 
is not enough of permanganate to oxidize all of the salicylic 
acid or all of the ferrous sulphate. 
282. 
The quinine sulphate was dissolved in the tincture of iron, 
giving a dark-red solution. The syrup of ginger was next 
added and lastly the ammoniated tincture of guaiac, the first 
few drops of which gave a green color, that had changed to 
blue by the time all of the tincture was added. On standing 
a few minutes it had changed back to a blue-green, and then INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
227 
green, and in a few hours to a dark brown. Guaiac with ferric 
chloride or other oxidizing agent gives a blue color. The 
resinous matter of the guaiac and also the oils of the aromatic 
spirit of ammonia (the menstruum used in making the tinc- 
ture) were precipitated by the syrup. The ammonia and 
ammonium carbonate precipitate the quinine and also the 
iron; the ferric hydrate is somewhat soluble in syrup, but in 
this case the syrup is too much diluted by the tinctures to 
keep all of the iron in solution. The precipitated matter is 
bulky and rather gelatinous. 
283. 
Potassium permanganate oxidizes quinine sulphate to 
pyridln tricarboxylic acid, oxalic acid, and ammonia. (Morley 
and Muir’s ed. Watts’ Dictionary, vol IV. p. 375.) It also 
oxidizes the iron. When the permanganate and the iron are 
rubbed together a detonation takes place. The excipient 
should be one that will not reduce the permanganate, and it 
should also protect the other ingredients; a mixture of equal 
parts of paraffin, petrolatum, and kaolin is a good one. 
284. 
The strychnine will not dissolve in the glycerin or in 
the water. The consent of the prescriber to use strychnine 
sulphate or nitrate (the nitrate is the more common for 
hypodermic injection) should be obtained. In the absence of 
the prescriber the nitrate should be dispensed, notifying the 
prescriber of the change at the earliest possible opportunity. 
285. 
Carbolic acid and thymol when triturated together form a 
liquid which can be mixed with the vaselin and cerate, mak- 
ing a homogeneous mass. On allowing it to stand for a time 228 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
the liquid separates. This can be prevented by using lanolin 
instead of the vaselin. Substituting one half dram of lanolin 
for that amount of the vaselin does not entirely prevent the 
separation. 
286. 
A light flocculent precipitate is formed which can easily 
be disseminated through the liquid. The mucilage of acacia 
is acid in reaction, and may perhaps throw out of solution 
some of the bismuth citrate, the bismuth and ammonium 
citrate being decomposed. Neutralizing the mucilage does 
not prevent precipitation. 
287. 
Podophyllin gives a black-brown color with the tincture 
of iron and nearly all is dissolved on warming. Quinine sul- 
phate dissolves in this solution, and when the tincture of 
rhubarb is added the tannic acid in it precipitates the quinine 
and with tincture of ferric chloride gives the black tannate 
of iron The mixture is quite thick from the precipitated 
matter. 
288. 
When camphor and carbolic acid are brought together a 
liquid results. In order to avoid making any more liquid 
than was necessary the corresponding amount of solid iodine 
was used in place of the tincture. The iodine dissolved 
readily in the phenol-camphor liquid and then the powdered 
lead acetate was added. Kaolin was tried as an absorbent 
excipient, but the amount required made the pills entirely too 
large. Starch was then used (together with some glucose 
syrup), so as to form the easily decomposed iodide of starch. 
This made the pills very large and they were finally put into 
capsules. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
289. 
Potassium iodide in aqueous solution with citric acid is 
decomposed with the liberation of iodine. This prescription 
was filled, making a clear solution of a pale-yellow color. By 
the next morning there was a deposit of crystals, some of 
which were long, large, prismatic, nearly colorless, and 
others were much smaller and of a dark-red color. In concen- 
trated solutions potassium iodide precipitates quinine as a 
double iodide which is colorless. The free iodine formed 
gives a dark-red precipitate with quinine which is nearly 
insoluble in water, 
290. 
Phenacetin is only sparingly soluble in water, but more 
soluble in alcohol, although there is not enough present in 
this prescription to dissolve it entirely, and what is dissolved 
is again thrown out of solution on adding the water. Heating 
the phenacetin with the tincture dissolves and gives a dark- 
red color, which is destroyed by the water. The best way to 
fill this prescription is to powder the phenacetin, mix with a 
little acacia, and add the water and lastly the tincture of iron. 
Filled in this way the phenacetin is in a finer powder than 
when it is first dissolved in the tincture. 
291. 
The sodium salicylate and benzoate and the carbolic acid 
were dissolved in the lime water, making a nearly clear color- 
less solution, and then the tannic acid was added. A blue- 
white precipitate was formed, due to the reaction between 
the tannic acid and lime water. The precipitate afterwards 
slowly turned to a dirty-yellow color. 230 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
292. 
The acid was added to the lime water. At first there was 
formed a bluish-white precipitate with a tinge of pink. As 
more of the acid dissolved the mixture became more of a blue 
and then a greenish blue. After standing for some time 
the upper portion of the precipitate turned brown. If twice 
as much acid had been directed a nearly clear greenish- 
blue solution, turning to a light brown, would have been 
formed. 
293. 
The solution of morphine contains some free hydrochloric 
acid, which reacts with the potassium chlorate, with the for- 
mation of a very small amount of chlorine. The chlorine oxi- 
dizes a portion of the morphine, giving a pale-brown solution. 
By dissolving the chlorate in the water and diluting the solu- 
tion of the morphine with the syrup and then mixing, scarcely 
any coloration is produced. 
294. 
The mercuric chloride reacts with the hydriodic acid, 
forming the red iodide of mercury, and then this combines 
with more hydriodic acid to form a soluble double compound 
which precipitates the cinchona alkaloids. Extractive matter 
in the fluid extract is also precipitated by the water in the 
syrups and solution. There is such a small amount of mer- 
cury precipitated that the mixture is not a dangerous one. 
It should be dispensed with a “ Shake well ” label. 
295. 
The camphor liniment should be mixed with the ammonia 
water, which partially saponifies it. This should then be INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
added gradually to the ointment with constant stirring. The 
mixture on standing separates into two layers, the oily 
ammonia mixture on top and the ointment on the bottom. 
The mixture can be shaken up without much difficulty. If 
the ammonia is added directly to the ointment, there is some 
danger of the fat being saponified and the metallic mercury 
separating. 
296 
The syrup of iodide of iron frequently contains some free 
iodine, which would precipitate the quinine. By warming the 
two syrups the iodine is reduced by the hypophosphorus acid 
in the syrup of hypophosphites. When quinine sulphate 
dissolved in the phosphoric acid is added to the mixed 
syrups a white amorphous precipitate is formed which is 
probably calcium sulphate. Some of the quinine is also 
precipitated on allowing the mixture to stand. 
297. 
By dissolving the morphine in a little water and adding it 
to the tincture of iron a blue solution is formed which quickly 
turns green. When the calcium hypophosphite, dissolved in 
the water and syrup, is added a white precipitate of ferric 
hypophosphite is thrown down. The color of the solution is 
nearly but not entirely destroyed. By adding the morphine 
dissolved in water to the mixture of other ingredients no 
coloration is produced, and this is the method that should 
be followed, as the morphine is not decomposed by the iron 
hypophosphite. 
298. 
The doses of the first two ingredients are too large. The 
maximum dose of mercuric chloride is about | of a grain 
and of sodium arsenate about of a grain. The prescription 232 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
should not be dispensed without first consulting the pre- 
scribes Should it be filled the potassium carbonate will 
react with the strychnine, the mercury, and the iron salts, but 
the activity is not increased. 
299. 
The soap acts as an emulsifying and solidifying agent and 
the consistency of this mixture is about that of lard. Soap 
is nearly always alkaline and acts on the calomel, producing 
the black mercurous oxide. This explains why the mixture 
slowly turns dark. 
300. 
This prescription was filled by dissolving the quinine sul- 
phate in a portion of the water with the aid of the acid; the 
potassium iodide dissolved in the balance of the water was 
added and lastly the sodium arsenate solution. The solution 
was clear and of a pale-yellow color. Within five minutes 
precipitation had commenced, and in less than fifteen minutes 
there was quite a heavy purple-red precipitate. Within a 
few hours a solid mass had formed which was of a purple- 
chocolate color. Sodium arsenate in the presence of an 
inorganic acid oxidizes potassium iodide, liberating iodine, 
and this precipitates the quinine. 
301. 
If the directions to use enough of the extract of glycyrrhiza 
to make a pill-mass be followed, the pills will be entirely 
too large. The best way is to melt one gram of beeswax, 
add the balsam and stir till the mixture is cool. Then use 
enough of powdered liquorice-root to make the mass. 
It is impossible for the dispenser to tell what the pre- 
scriber wanted. “ Hyd.” may stand for hydrochloric, 
302. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
233 
hydrobromic, hydriodic, or hydrocyanic. From the direc- 
tions to the patient to take after meals probably hydro- 
chloric was what was intended, but it would be necessary to 
consult the physician. 
303. 
By rubbing the powdered tragacanth with the petrolatum, 
then adding the glycerin and zinc oxide, a comparatively 
smooth ointment can be made, but the glycerin separates on 
standing. The glycerin and tragacanth should be heated 
together, with the addition of a little water if necessary, so as 
to make a glycerite of tragacanth, and then mixing this with 
the other ingredients a smooth permanent ointment can be 
made. 
304. 
Potassium iodide is deliquescent in moist air, and on pow- 
dering, even in the ordinary atmosphere, it becomes damp. 
It may be necessary to add some absorbing-powder. The 
powders should be dispensed in paraffin or wax paper. 
305. 
In making ointments the medicinal ingredients must be in 
the form of a fine powder, soft solid, or solution. lodine is 
powdered with difficulty. It might be dissolved in alcohol 
and this solution added to the lard. The U. S. Pharma- 
copoeia directs that it be dissolved in an aqueous solution of 
potassium iodide, using one fourth as much potassium iodide 
as iodine and twice as much water as iodide. Lard will hold 
nearly 10 per cent, of its weight of water. 
306. 
This was filled by dissolving the quinine in a little water 
with the aid of the acid, adding the syrup, and lastly the 234 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
potassium chlorate dissolved in the water. The solution was 
clear and nearly colorless at first, but in a few minutes a red- 
brown precipitate began to form and increased until the mix- 
ture was quite thick. Sulphuric acid liberates chloric acid 
from the potassium chlorate, and this oxidizes the ferrous 
iodide, liberating iodine, which precipitates the quinine. 
307. 
Phenacetin requires 1400 parts of water or 6 parts of alco- 
hol for solution. In filling this prescription the phenacetin 
can be dissolved in the tincture and spirit, but on adding the 
syrup and water nearly all of it will be thrown out of solu- 
tion. A better mixture would be made by powdering the 
phenacetin with about two drams of acacia, then adding the 
syrup and part of the water, and lastly the tincture and spirit 
diluted with the balance of the water. 
308. 
An absorbent excipient is necessary in order to make a 
pill-mass. To use a powder like liquorice-root or althea would 
make the pills too large. Freshly calcined magnesia dampened 
with a little water is the best, as it is only necessary to use 
six or eight grains. The magnesia combines with the copaibic 
acid in the balsam to form a solid mass; water aids this 
reaction. 
With bismuth subnitrate salicylic acid forms a series of 
nitrosalicylates of bismuth, varying in color from a white to a 
reddish orange. This mixture gives a faint pink color after 
standing for a time. 
309. 
310. 
Chloral hydrate rubbed with phenacetin gives a liquid * a 
liquid is also obtained when chloral hydrate is rubbed with INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
235 
quinine sulphate. A large amount of an absorbent powder 
would be necessary to make this liquid into a mass, and the 
capsules would necessarily be very large. 
311. 
The alcohol in the tincture is without any therapeutical 
value in this case, and only makes the pill-mass too soft. The 
alcohol should be evaporated before mixing with the other 
ingredients unless the extract of jalap has become dry and 
hard, in which case it can be used to soften the extract and 
then evaporated. 
312. 
Twenty grains of salicylic acid require nearly nineteen 
fluid ounces of water for solution, but in this case the acid 
combines with the calcium hydrate to form a soluble calcium 
salicylate. The solution is clear and slightly acid. 
313. 
When the acetanilid is added directly to the tincture of 
iron and heated it makes a deep-red clear solution. On 
adding the water the acetanilid is precipitated and the color 
changed back to that of diluted tincture of iron. A better 
mixture can be made by powdering the acetanilid first, mixing 
with water and acacia or tragacanth, then adding the tincture 
of iron highly diluted with water. The tincture of iron, 
unless diluted with water, has a tendency to coagulate acacia. 
314. 
The hydrogen dioxide oxidizes the ferrous iron to a ferric 
salt and the glycerin to glyceric, oxalic, and tartaric acids, 
and in an acid solution reduces the bichromate to a green 
chromic salt. The hydrogen dioxide usually contains some 236 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
sulphuric acid, which is left in to preserve it. In the presence 
of free acid the bichromate oxidizes the ferrous sulphate and 
the glycerin. This prescription gives a heavy brown precipi- 
tate, probably of a basic ferric salt. 
315. 
So long as this mixture is kept from the light it does not 
change in color, but on exposure to direct sunlight for a few 
hours, or to diffused light for a longer period, it acquires a 
red color. This is due to the decomposition of iodoform, 
liberating iodine, and the iodine combines with and oxidizes 
the calomel, forming mercuric iodide. 
316. 
The trouble with this prescription is that the water breaks 
up the boroglycerin, liberating boric acid. Boric acid requires 
about 25 parts of water for solution, and there is not enough 
to dissolve it. By the substitution of some glycerin for a part 
of the water no precipitation takes place. 
317. 
The salicylic acid is not soluble in the water and glycerin; 
it requires 450 parts of water for solution, and, according to 
the U. S. Disp. (p. 84), by careful heating it will dissolve in 
50 parts of glycerin. Free iodine reacts with the salicylic 
acid, giving mono-, di-, and tri-iodobenzoic acids and tri- 
iodophenol. (Muir and Morley’s edition of Watts' Dic- 
tionary, vol. 111. p. 680.) All of the iodine is not changed. 
318. 
The citrate of iron and quinine was dissolved in a part of 
the wine, making a clear acid solution. To this was added 
the carbolic acid dissolved in the balance of the wine. A IN COMP A TIB ILI TIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
237 
light-yellow sticky precipitate was formed. The composition 
of the precipitate was not determined. It was not dissolved 
by the further addition of the tincture. The tincture darkens 
the mixture a little and slightly increases the turbidity. 
319. 
Diuretin is sodium-theobromine salicylate and is readily 
soluble in water. Acids decompose it, with the precipitation 
of the theobromine. Theobromine differs from many alka- 
loids in that it does not readily combine with acids. In this 
prescription the diuretin was dissolved in the syrup, and then 
the spirit of nitrous ether added, and lastly the tincture of 
iron. When the iron is added a very deep violet color is 
produced, due to the formation of ferric salicylate, and on 
allowing the mixture to stand a few hours a white precipitate 
falls; the acids in the tincture and spirit liberate the 
theobromine. 
320. 
Quinine sulphate makes a sticky mass when rubbed with 
the chloral hydrate; the antipyrin and the chloral liquefy on 
being triturated together. Even if the ingredients are pow- 
dered separately and mixed lightly, the mixture becomes 
sticky. By the use of a little drying-powder it can be put 
into capsules. 
321. 
The pilocarpine differs from many alkaloids in that it is 
soluble in water. The hydrochlorate is used much more fre- 
quently than the free alkaloid. The terpin hydrate requires 
about 250 parts of water for solution; consequently only a 
small portion of it will be dissolved. A “ Shake” label is 
necessary, or a more elegant preparation would be made by 
emulsifying it. 238 
INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
322. 
The potassium bicarbonate precipitates the ferrous iodide 
as ferrous carbonate. If the iron salt is purely ferrous the 
carbonate will be white, but it oxidizes in the air, becoming 
green and after some time yellow-brown, forming a ferric 
oxide. Potassium iodide sometimes contains a carbonate as 
an impurity. 
323. 
An absorbent powder will be necessary to make a mass 
that can be put into capsules. When pyrocatechin is rubbed 
with acetanilid or phenacetin a liquid results. Acetanilild 
and phenacetin do not liquefy. 
324. 
This combination has perhaps caused more trouble than 
almost any other one prescription. Pure ferric phosphate is 
nearly insoluble in water and not so very readily soluble in 
weak acid solutions. The U. S. P. soluble phosphate of iron 
is a mixture of ferric phosphate and sodium citrate. Sodium 
citrate is readily soluble in water, and an aqueous solution of 
this salt makes a good solution for the ferric phosphate. 
When phosphoric acid is added to a solution of the soluble 
ferric phosphate the sodium citrate is decomposed, forming 
sodium phosphate and citric acid; the ferric phosphate is no 
longer soluble in this mixture and consequently is precipi- 
tated. This difficulty can be overcome by using strictly pure 
dilute metaphosphoric acid (known also as glacial phosphoric 
acid) in place of the official orthophosphoric acid. A solution 
of metaphosphoric acid changes in time, forming some ortho- 
phosphoric acid, and if the meta-acid contain some of the 
ortho- variety a precipitation will occur. The dispenser must 
decide for himself as to the substitution proposed. There is 
sometimes, however, another difficulty present in this combina- INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
239 
tion of ingredients. When quinine sulphate is present in a 
much larger proportion than two grains to the dram a pre- 
cipitation of the quinine by the ortho- or the meta-acid takes 
place, and there seems to be no way to make a permanent 
solution. There is always some objection to dispensing a 
“ Shake ” mixture when it contains such an active agent as 
strychnine. 
325. 
In a neutral solution potassium iodide does not react with 
the tartrate of iron and potassium, but in the presence of the 
sulphuric acid the ferric salt oxidizes the iodide, liberating 
iodine. This iodine then combines with the quinine to form 
an insoluble compound. A “ Shake well ” label is necessary. 
If there were much more free iodine than what would combine 
with the quinine the prescription should not be dispensed. INCOMPATIBILITIES IN PRESCRIPTIONS. 
240 
A TABLE SHOWING THE EFFECT OF RUBBING TOGETHER EQUAL WEIGHTS OF TWO SOLIDS 
T3 
<U 
V 
TD 
a 
oj 
<U 
g 
’c 
rt 
D 
d 
u 
a 
rt 
X 
X 
a 
o 
ityl chloral 
hydrate. 
In 
o 
a 
a 
imphor, 
aorneol. 
1 Camphor, 
monobromat 
T3 
*5 
c3 
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XI 
tloral 
alcoholate. 
a 
15 
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d 
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tp 
15 
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G 
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d 
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CJ 
O 
o 
15 
bjo 
o 
Vx 
d 
C 
U 
In 
c 
T3 
13 
aj 
o 
dium 
phosphate. 
idium 
?alicy!ate. 
15 
a 
>> 
<L) 
<U 
c 
rt 
X 
<u 
< 
< 
< 
CQ 
oa 
u 
U 
u 
b 
u 
Q 
w 
w 
JS 
s 
s 
z 
Cu 
a. 
(C 
r/{ 
(/) 
03 
CO 
CO 
CO 
L! 
b 
D 
p 
P 
p' 
L 
L 
p 
P 
P 
L 
L 
L 
p 
p 
p 
L 
p 
p 
p 
p 
P 
L 
L 
L 
p 
p 
L 
p 
L 
P 
L 
p 
p 
p' 
P 
P 
p 
P 
P 
L 
L 
L 
P 
p 
p 
P 
p 
p 
p 
p 
P 
L 
P 
P 
L 
p 
p 
P 
p 
L 
]> 
P 
P' 
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p 
P' 
P2 
p 
P 
P 
L 
L 
P' 
p 
L 
p 
P 
p 
p 
p 
L 
P 
L 
L 
P 
L 
P2 
P' 
p 
P2 
L 
L 
I 
p 
P 
P 
p 
L 
P 
L 
P 
P 
M 
L 
L 
P 
L 
M 
p 
P 
P 
L 
P 
P 
P 
p 
p 
p 
p 
L 
P 
L 
Butyl chloral hydrate .. 
L 
P 
p2 
P 
P 
P 2 
P 
P 
L 
P 
P 
P 
P 
L 
P 
L 
P 
p 
P 
P 
L 
P 
P 
p 
p 
P 
p 
p2 
L 
Camphor 
P 
P 
p 
P 
P2 
p 
P 
P 
L 
L 
L 
P 
L 
P 
P 
L 
P 
p 
L 
P 
L 
L 
P 
L 
p 
L 
P 
p 
L 
P 
L 
P 
p 
p 
L 
P 
p 
P 
P 
L 
L 
L 
P 
L 
P 
P 
L 
P 
p 
L 
P 
L 
p 
L 
P 
L 
p 
p 
T 
]> 
L 
Camphor, monobromated 
P 
P 
? 
P 
P 
p 
P 
P 
L 
L 
L 
P 
L 
P 
P 
p 
P 
p 
P 
P 
L 
P 
P 
P 
p 
L 
P 
p 
L 
P 
p 
Carbolic acid 
L 
L 
L 
JL 
L 
L 
L 
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L = Soft mass or liquid. M = Stiff mass which dries. P = Dry powder. P' = Slightly damp powder, quickly drying. 
P 2 = Said to liquefy, but the writer obtained a dry powder. INDEX TO INCOMPATIBILITIES 
J3P“ References are to pages, 
Acacia, x 
Aceta, 2, 3 
Acetamide, 2 
Acetanilid, 2 
Acetates, 2, 3 
Acid, acetic, 3 
arsenic, 4 
arsenous, 4 
benzoic, 5 
boric, 5 
carbolic, 5 
chromic, 7 
chrysophanic, 7 
citric, 8 
gallic, 9 
hydriodic, 10 
hydrobromic, 11 
hydrochloric, 12 
hydrocyanic, dil., 13 
hydrosulphuric, 14 
hypophosphorous, dil., 15 
lactic, 15 
meconic, 16 
metaphosphoric, 20 
nitric, 16 
nitrohydrochloric, 17 
nitrous, 17 
oleic, 18 
osmic, 19 
oxalic, 19 
phosphoric, 19 
picric, 21 
pyrogallic, 89 
pyrophosphoric, 20 
salicylic, 21 
stearic, 22 
Acid, sulphuric, 22 
sulphurous, 23 
tannic, 24 
tartaric, 26 
Acids, 2 
Aconitine, 27 
Adeps, 27 
27 
aceticus, 27 
ALthyl bromide, 27 
bichloridum, 28 
.(Ethyl iodidum, 28 
Albumen, 28 
Alcohol, 28 
Alkalies, 29. 67 
Alkaloids, 30 
Aloin, 31 
Alum, 31 
Aluminum hydrate, 31 
Alumnol, 31 
Ammonium benzoate, 31 
bromide, 32 
carbonate, 32 
chloride, 32 
iodide, 32 
nitrate, 32 
phosphate, 32 
salts, 32 
valerianate, 32 
Amyl nitrite, 33 
Amylum, 33 
Antimony and potassium tartrate, 33 
sulphide, 34 
Antipyrin, 34 
Apomorphine hydrochlorate, 36 
Aqua, 36 242 
INDEX TO INCOMPATIBILITIES. 
Aqua ammoniae, 36, 67 
amygdalae, 36 
chlori, 36, 50 
cinnamomi, 36, 80 
creosoti, 36, 52 
Aquae, 36 
Aqua hydrogenh dioxidi, 37 
lauro-cerasi, 13, 38 
mentha piperitae, 38, 80 
pimentae, 38, 81 
Argenti cyanidum, 38 
nitras, 38 
oxidum, 39 
Aristol, 39 
Arsenic iodide, 39 
Arsenates, 4, 39 
Arsenites, 4, 39 
Asaprol, 39 
Atropine, 40 
Auri et sodii chloridum, 40 
Balsam of copaiba, 52 
Barium salts, 40 
Beberine sulphate, 41 
Belladonna, 40, 41 
Benzaldehyde, 41 
Benzoates, 5, 41 
Bismuth and ammonium citrate, 41 
subgallate, 41 
subnitrate, 41 
Borates, 5, 42 
Brandy,97 
Bromal hydrate, 42 
Bromates, 42 
Bromides, 11, 42 
Bromoform, 42 
Bromine. 42 
Butyl chloral hydrate, 43 
Cadmium salts, 43 
Caffeine, 43 
Calcium bromide, 44 
carbonate, 44 
hypophosphite, 44 
phosphate, 44 
salts, 44 
Calcium sulphate, 44 
Calx, 44 
chlorata, 44 
Cambogia, 45 
Camphor, 45 
monobromated, 45 
Cannabis Indica, 46 
Cantharidin, 46 
Car.bo, 46 
Carbonates, 46 
Catechu, 47 
Cerium oxalate, 47 
Chalk, prepared, 53 
Charcoal, 46 
Chinolin, 47 
Chloral, 47 
alcoholate, 48 
Chloralamide, 49 
Chloralimide, 49 
Chlorates, 49 
Chlorides, 12, 50 
Chlorine, 50 
Chromates, 7, 50 
Cinchona, 50 
Citrates, 8, 51 
Cocaine, 51 
Codeine, 51 
Colchicine, 51 
Collodion, 52 
Coniine, 52 
Copaiba, 52 
Copper sulphate, 53 
Creosote, 52 
Creta praeparata, 53 
Cupri sulphas, 53 
Cyanides, 13, 53 
Decoctions, 53 
Dermatol, 41 
Digitalis, 53 
Diuretin, 54 
Elaterin, 54 
Emulsions, 54 
Ergot, 54 
Ether, 27 INDEX TO INCOMPATIBILITIES. 
243 
Ether, acetic, 27 
Ethyl bromide, 27 
Ethylene bichloride, 28 
Ethyl iodide, 28 
Eucalyptol, 54 
Eugenol, 54 
Euphorin, 54 
Europhen, 55 
Exalgin, 55 
Ferricum, 57 
Ferri phosphas solubilis, 55 
pyrophosphas solubilis, 55 
sulphas, 56 
Ferropyrin, 55 
Ferrosum, 56 
Ferrum, 56 
Formaldehyde (formalin), 58 
Galls, 24, 59 
Gallates, 9, 59 
Gamboge, 45 
Gelatin, 59 
Glonoin, 59 
Glucosides, 59 
Glycerin, 60 
Glycyrrhizin, ammoniated, 61 
Guaiac resin, 61 
Guaiacol, 61 
Homatropine, 40, 61 
Honey, 75 
Hydrargyri chloridum corrosivum, 61 
chloridum mite, 63 
cyanidum, 65 
iodidum flavum, 65 
iodidum rubrum, 66 
oxidum flavum, 66 
subsulphas flavus, 66 
Hydrargyrum ammoniatum, 66 
Hydrastine hydrochlorate, 66 
Hydrates, fixed alkali, 67 
Hydrate, volatile alkali, 67 
Hydrogen dioxide, 37, 68 
Hydroquinone, 68 
Hyoscyamine, 69 
Hyoscyamus, 40, 69 
Hypochlorites, 69 
Hypophosphites, 15, 69 
Hyposulphites, 69, 95 
Ichthyol, 69 
Infusions, 69 
lodates, 70 
lodides, 10, 70 
lodine, 71 
lodoform, 70 
lodol, 71 
lodophenacetin, 71 
Iron (metallic), 56 
(ferrous), 56 
(ferric), 57 
phosphate soluble, 55 
pyrophosphate soluble, 55 
sulphate, 56 
Lard, 27 
Lead acetate, 85 
subacetate, 73, 86 
Lime, 44 
chlorinated, 44 
Liquor acidi arsenosi, 73 
ammonii acetatis, 73 
arseni et hydrargyri iodidi, 73 
calcis, 73 
ferri chloridi, 73 
ferri et ammonii acetatis, 73 
ferri subsulphatis, 73 
iodi compositus, 73 
plumbi subacetatis, 73 
potassae, 74, 86 
potassii arsenitis, 74 
sodse, 67, 74 
sodae chloratae, 74 
sodii silicatis, 74 
Lithium benzoate, 74 
salicylate, 74 
salts, 74 
Lobelia, 74 
Magnesia, 75 
Magnesium salts, 75 244 
INDEX TO INCOMPATIBILITIES. 
Magnesium sulphate, 75 
Manganese salts, 75 
Mel, 75 
Menthol, 76 
Mercuric chloride, 61 
cyanide, 65 
iodide, 66 
oxide, 66 
subsulphate, 66 
Mercurous chloride, 63 
iodide, 65 
Mercury, ammoniated, 66 
Methacetin, 76 
Methylene-blue, 76 
Methyl salicylate, 76 
Morphine, 77 
powder, compound, 88 
Mucilage of acacia, 1, 78 
starch, 33, 78 
tragacanth, 78, 100 
Naphtalin, 78 
Naphtol, 78 
Nitrates, 16, 78 
Nitrites, 17, 78 
Nitroglycerin, 59 
Nutgalls, 24, 59 
Nux vomica, 78, 98 
Oil of birch, 79 
bitter almond, 79 
cinnamon, 80 
cloves, 79 
cotton-root bark, 80 
ethereal, 79 
lavender, 80 
lemon, 80 
linseed, 80 
orange, 79 
orange flowers, 79 
peppermint, 80 
pimenta, 81 
sassafras, 81 
turpentine, 81 
wintergreen, 80 
Oils, fixed, 78 
Oils, volatile, 79 
Opium, 82 
Oxalates, 19, 82 
Pancreatin, 82 
Paraldehyde, 82 
Pepsin, 82 
Permanganates, 82, 87 
Phenacetin, 82 
Phenocoll hydrochloride, 83 
Phosphates, 19, 83 
Phosphorus, 83 
Physostigmine, 83 
Picrotoxin, 84 
Pilocarpine hydrochlorate, 84 
Piperazin, 84 
Plumbi acetas, 85 
nitras, 86 
subacetas, 73, 86 
Potassa, 86 
sulphurata, 14, 86 
Potassium acetate, 86 
and sodium tartrate, 87 
bicarbonate, 86 
bichromate, 86 
bitartrate, 86 
bromide, 86 
carbonate, 86 
chlorate, 86 
citrate, 86 
cyanide, 87 
hypophosphite, 87 
iodide, 87 
nitrate, 87 
permanganate, 87 
salts. 88 
tartrate, 88 
Pulvis morphinae comp., 88 
Pyoktannin, 8g 
Pyrocatechin, 89 
Pyrogallol, 89 
Pyroxylin, 90 
Quinine, 90 
Resin, 91 INDEX TO INCOMPATIBILITIES. 
245 
Resins, 91 
Resorcin, gi 
Saccharum, 92 
lactis, 93 
Salicylates, 21, 93 
Salol, 93 
Santonin, 94 
Silver cyanide, 38 
nitrate, 38 
oxide, 39 
Soap, 94 
Soda, 94 
Sodium acetate, 3, 94 
arsenate, 95 
benzoate, 5, 95 
bicarbonate, 46, 95 
borate, 95 
carbonate, 46, 95 
chlorate, 49, 95 
chloride, 12, 95 
hypophosphite, 15, 95 
hyposulphite, 95 
iodide, 10, 96 
nitrate, 16, 96 
nitrite, 17, 96 
phosphate, 96 
pyrophosphate, 19, 96 
salicylate, 21, 96 
sulphate, 22, 96 
sulphite, 96 
Solution of ammonium acetate, 73 
arsenous acid, 73 
arsenic and mercury 
iodide, 73 
iodine, compound, 73 
iron and ammonium 
acetate, 73 
iron chloride, 73 
iron subsulphate, 73 
lead subacetate, 73 
lime, 73 
potassa, 74, 86 
potassium arsenite, 74 
soda, 67, 74 
soda, chlorinated, 74 
Solution of sodium silicate, 74 
Spirit of ammonia, 97 
ammonia aromatic, 97 
camphor, 97 
ether, compound, 79, 97 
lemon, 97 
nitroglycerin, 97 
nitrous ether, 97 
wintergreen, 97 
Spirits, 96 
Starch, 33 
Stramonium, 40, 97 
Strontium bromide, 97 
iodide, 98 
lactate, 98 
salts, 98 
Strychnine, 98 
Sugar, 92 
of milk, 93 
Sulphates, 22, 98 
Sulphides, 14, 98 
Sulphites, 23, 98 
Sulphonal, 99 
Sulphur, 99 
Syrup of citric acid, 99 
garlic, 99 
hydriodic acid, 99 
hypophosphites, 99 
iodide of iron, 99 
ipecac, 99 
lime, 99 
squills, 99 
Tannates, 24, 99 
Tartar emetic, 33 
Tartrates, 26, 99 
Terebene, 99 
Theobromine, 99 
Thymol, too 
Tincture of chloride of iron, 57, 100 
iodine, 100 
Tragacanth, 100 
Urea, 100 
Urethane, 101 
Vitellus, 28, 101 246 
INDEX TO INCOMPATIBILITIES. 
Water, 36 
of ammonia, 36, 67 
bitter almond, 36 
cherry laurel, 13, 38 
chlorine, 36, 50 
cinnamon, 36, 80 
creosote, 36, 52 
hydrogen dioxide, 37 
peppermint, 38, 80 
Water of pimenta, 38, 81 
Waters, 36 
Whiskey, 97 
Wine, 101 
Zinc chloride, 101 
salts, 101 
sulphate, 101 INDEX TO PRESCRIPTIONS 
References are to Prescriptions. 
NUMBER 
Acacia (see Muc. acacia). 
Acetanilidum—camph. monobrom.—salol 153 
“ —antipyrin.—resorcin 240 
“ —tinct. ferri chlor 313 
Acidum aceticum—plumbi ox.—oryza 237 
“ arsenos. (too large a dose) 6g 
“ benzoic.—ac. salicyl.—eucalyptol—‘thymol—menthol—sod. bicarb. 114 
“ “ —(insoluble in water) 249 
“ carbolic.—euphoria 66 
“ “ —aqua 70 
“ “ —ac. sulphurosum—tinct. ferri chlor. 94 
“ “ —aq. hydrog. diox.—glycerin 110 
“ “ —aq. ammon 121 
“ “ —collodium 167 
“ “ —plumbi acet.—thymol 217 
** “ —ac. sulph.—ol. lini—plumbi acet.—pot. nitras 220 
“ “ —petrolat.—sp. myrciae 224 
*• “ —aq. ammon.—liq. sod. chloratse 236 
“ “ —potass, permang 258 
“ “ —ferri et ammon. citras :... 318 
“ “ —ceratum—thymol 285 
“ “ —camphora—plumbi acet.—tinct. iodi 288 
“ chromic.—cocain. hydrochlor 243 
“ “ —ale.—glycerin 262 
“ citric.—mag. carb.—sod. boras 86 
“ —pot. cit.—quinin. sulph 196 
“ —pot. iodidum—quinin. sulph 289 
** gallic.—liq. sodse 216 
“ “ —liq. calcis 292 
“ hyd. dil.—(incomplete) 302 
“ hydrobrom.—hydrarg. chlor. mit—phenacetin 151 
“ “ —quinin. sulph.—sod. salicyl 178 
“ “ —hydrarg. chlor. cor.—quinin. sulph 219 
“ hydrochlor.—bis. et ammon. cit.—pepsin 30 
“ “ —potass, chloras 45 
“ “ —hydrarg. chlor. mit 182 
247 248 
INDEX TO PRESCRIPTIONS. 
Acidum hydrocyan.—ac. phosphor,—codeina—tinct. iodi 97 
“ “ —sod. bicarb 152 
“ nitricum—creosot.—chloroform 42 
“ “ —ac. sulph.—ol. terebin 90 
“ “ —ale.—hydrarg. nitras 175 
“ “ —ac. sulph.—syrupus 189 
“ nitrohydrochlor.—tinct. nucis vom 33 
“ “ —glycerin 62 
“ “ —quinin. sulph.—potass, iodidum 115 
“ “ —ol. terebin 143 
“ phosphoric.—tinct. digital.—tinct. ferri chlor 12 
“ “ —tinct. ferri chlor.—tinct. iodi co.—quinin. sulph.... 27 
“ “ —quinin. sulph.—tinct. ferri chlor 92 
“ “ —ac. hydrocyan.—codeina 97 
“ “ —ferri et quinin. cit.—tinct. cardam. co 160 
“ “ —quinin. sulph.—syr. ferri iodidi 296 
“ “ —ferri phosphas—quinin. sulphas—strych. sulph 324 
“ pyrogallic.—hydrarg. chlor. cor 26S 
“ “ —plumbi acet 272 
“ “ —camphor.—ale 230 
<s salicylic.—sod. bicarb 91 
“ “ —ac. benzoic.—thymol—menthol—sod. bicarb. 114 
“ —exalgin—phenacetin 148 
“ “ —aqua—glycerin 206 
“ “ —(insoluble in water) 249 
“ “ —cupri sulph 280 
“ “ —ferri sulph.—potass, permang 281 
“ “ —liq. calcis 312 
“ “ —tinct. iodi comp 317 
“ sulphuricum—quinin. sulph.—ammon. carb 2 
“ “ “ “ —acid, tannic 15 
** “ “ “ —ext. glycyrrh. fl 67 
“ “ “ “ —potass, bicarb 142 
4‘ “ —ferri pyrophosph. sol 28 
“ “ —ac. nitric.—01. terebin 90 
u “ “ “ —syrupus 189 
“ “ —picis liq.—potass, bichrom 198 
“ “ —ol. lini—plumbi acet.—pot. nitras 220 
“ “ —potass, chloras—syr. ferri iodidi 306 
“ “ —ferri et pot. tart.—potass, iodidum 325 
“ “ arom.—potass, et sod. tart 163 
“ “ “ —massa ferri carbon 246 
“ sulphurosum.—sod. hypophosphit 31 
*• “ —ac. carbolic.—tinct. ferri chlor 94 
“ “ —glycerin.—pot. chloras—tinct. ferri chlor 211 
NUMBER INDEX TO PRESCRIPTIONS. 
249 
Acidum sulphurosum.—potass, chloras . 261 
“ tannic.—ac. sulphur.—quinin. sulph 15 
“ ** —iodoformum 47 
“ —morph, acet.—tinct. myrrh 78 
“ “ —alum—plumbi acet.—zinci sulph 147 
“ “ —ferri sulph... 158 
“ —tinct. iodi 260 
“ “ —liq. calcis •. 291 
“ tartaricum—quinin. sulph.—potass, iodidum 119 
Aconitina—(loo large a dose) • 61 
./Ether—cocain. hydrochlor.—morph, sulph 208 
Albumen—hydrarg. chlor. cor 22 
Alcohol—iodum—01. terebin 76 
“ —ac. nitric.—hydrarg. nitras 175 
“ —potass, nit.—sod. chlor 212 
“ —ac. chromic.—glycerin 262 
Alum—plumbi acet 14 
“ —ac. tannic.—plumbi acet.—zinc sulph 147 
Ammon, carbon.—ac. sulphur.—quinin. sulph 2 
“ —syr. scillae 4 
“ —syr. allii 24 
“ “ —syr. ipecac.—vin. pepsin 35 
“ —hydrarg. chlor. mit 48 
“ —resorcin.... 74 
** “ —hydrarg. chlor. cor.—potass, iodidum 79 
“ “ —sodii citras—sp. aether, nit 96 
“ “ —plumbi acet 231 
“ chlorid.—hydrarg. chlor. mit... 130 
“ “ —codeina—morph, hydrochlor 276 
“ iodid.—hydrarg. chlor. cor.—potass, chlor 8 
“ “ —antipyrin,... 164 
Amyl nitris—potass, iodidium 132 
Antikamnia—quinin. sulph.—elix 93 
“ —ferri sulph.—quinin. sulph.—strych. sulph 250 
Antimon. et pot. tart.—hydrarg. chlor. cor 275 
“ sulphurat.—potass, chloral.—sulphur 36 
Antipyrin.—sod. bicarb.—hydrarg. chlor. mit 53 
“ —tinct. ferri chlor too 
“ —sod. salicyl 113 
“ —spir. aether, nit 118 
“ —ammon. iodid 164 
“ —chloral... 200 
“ —chloral—quinin. sulph 320 
“ —acetanilid.—resorcin 240 
“ —syr. ferri iodidi 257 
MUMBEK 250 
INDEX TO PRESCRIPTIONS. 
NUMBER 
Apiol.—(in pills) 232 
Aqua ammon.—ac. carbolic 121 
“ “ —tinct. iodi—lin, sapon.—tinct. aconit 122 
“ “ —glycerin.—tinct. ferri chlor 128 
“ “ —syrupus—tinct. ferri chlor 209 
“ “ —liq. sod. chloratae—thymol 193 
“ “ —ac. carbolic.—liq. sod. chloratae 236 
“ “ —collodium-rtinct. iodi 265 
“ “ —Hn. camphor.—ung. hydrarg 295 
“ camphorae—potass, bromid....: 162 
“ cinnamon.—tinct. ferri chlor 267 
“ gaulther.—tinct. ferri chlor 124 
“ hydrogen, diox.—acid, carbol.—glycerin no 
“ “ “ —potass, permangan 191 
“ “ “ —syr. acid hydriodici 253 
“ “ “ —ferri sulph.—glycer.—pot. bichrom ._ 314 
*' lauro-cerasi—hydrarg. chlor. mit 192 
“ pimentae—tinct. ferri chlor 195 
Argent, nitras—sod. chlor 170 
“ “ —cocaina 194 
“ “ —potass, permangan 247 
“ “ —liq. pot. arsenit 252 
“ oxid.—creosot 139 
Atropin. sulph.—auri et sod. chlor.—strych. sulph 87 
“ “ —morph, sulph. 88 
“ “ —ol. olivae 242 
Auri chlor.—tinct. iodi co.—glycerin 101 
Auri et sod. chlor.—atropin sulph.—strych. sulph.—ext. cinchon. fl 87 
“ “ “ “ —liq. arsenic ' 103 
Bals. copaibae—(see copaiba). 
“ Peru, —(in pills) 301 
“ “ —glycerin 223 
—petrolat 64 
Bis. et ammon. cit.—ac. hydrochlor 30 
Bismuth, subnit.—morph, sulph.—plumbi subacet.—sod. bicarb in 
“ “ —quinin. sulph.—plumbi acet 13 
“ “ —sp. ammon. aromat.—zinci acet 229 
“ “ —sod. bicarb, 107 
“ “ “ hypophosph 7 
“ “ “ salicylat 309 
“ —syr. ac. hydriodici 73 
Calcii hypophosph.—ferri lact.—potass, chloras 83 
“ —ferri sulph.—mag. sulph.—potass, chloras 95 INDEX TO PRESCRIPTIONS. 
251 
Calcii hypophosph.—hydrarg. chlor. cor.—syr, sarsap ... 172 
“ —ac. phosphor.—tinct. ferri chlor 181 
—tinct, ferri chlor 297 
“ sulphid.—hydrarg. chlor. cor.—potass, bicarb 105 
Calx—sulphur 277 
“ chlorata—glycerin 279 
Camphora—chloral 41 
“ “ 159 
“ —iodum—ung.uhydrarg 84 
“ —chloral—cocainse hydrochlor.—morph, sulph 208 
“ —exalgin—phacenetin.—salol 226 
“ —pyrogalol 230 
“ —ac. carbol.—plumb! acet 288 
“ monobrom.—acetanilid.—salol ... 153 
Carbo ligni—cinchon.—potass, chloras 82 
Catechu—potass, chloras 184 
Ceratum—ac. carbol.—thymol 285 
Chloral—pot. bromid.—elixir 20 
“ —camphora 41 
“ —sod. boras 43 
“ —camphora—syr. zingiber 159 
‘ ‘ —antipyrin. 200 
“ —pot. cyanid 203 
“ —camphor.—cocain. hydrochlor.—morph, sulph 208 
“ —phenacetin.—quinin, sulph 310 
“ —antipyrin.—quinin. sulph 320 
Chloroform.—cocaina hydrochlor.—morph, sulph 20S 
—aqua—sod. bicarb 239 
—sp. frumenti—tinct. opii 251 
Cinchona—potass, chloras 82 
Cocaina—argent, nitras 194 
hydrochlor.—hydrarg. chlor. mit 136 
“ “ —sod. boras 176 
“ “ —chloroform.—aether 208 
“ “ —collodium flex 241 
“ “ —ac. chromic 243 
Codeina—potass, iodidum 38 
“ —ac. hydrocyan.—ac. phosphor.—tinct. iodi 97 
“ —ammon. chlor.—morph, hydrochlor 276 
Collodium—ac. carbolic 167 
“ —aq. ammon.—tinct. iodi 265 
“ flex.—cocain. hydrochlor 241 
Copabia—(in pills) 308 
“ —tinct. ferri chlor.—tinct. canthar.—syr 40 
“ —ext. can. indie, fl.—tinct. camphorae—syr. zingib 166 
NUMBER 252 
INDEX TO PRES CRIP IVONS. 
Creolin—aqua 85 
Creosotum—ac. nitric 42 
“ —hydrarg. chlor. cor.—syr. ferri iodidi 63 
“ —argent, oxid 139 
Cupri sulph.—(too much) xBB 
“ “ —ac. salicyl 28c 
Diuretin—tinct. ferri chlor 3x9 
Elixir—chloral—pot. brom 20 
“ cinchonse—hydrarg. chlor. cor.—pot. iodidjxm 1 
Eucalyptor—aqua 114 
“ —(in capsules) 248 
Euphorin—acid, carbolic. 55 
Exalgin—acid, salicyl.—phenacetin 148 
“ —camphora—phenacetin.—salol 226 
“ naphtol 269 
Extract, digital.—(dose too large) 102 
“ glycyrrhiz.—pot. permangan 8q 
“ buchu fi.—sp. aether, nit n 
“ —“ “ “ —pot. bicarb 51 
“ cinchon. fl.—auri et sod. chlor 87 
“ digital, fl.—sp. aether, nit 138 
“ glycyrrhiz. fl.—acid, sulphuric 67 
“ —tinct. ferri chlor.—pot. chloras 68 
Ferri et ammon. cit.—lithii salicyl.—syr. limon 171 
“ “ “ “ —ac. carbolic. , 318 
“ “ quinin. cit.—acid, phosphor.—tinct. cardam. co 160 
“ “ “ “ —potass, iodidum xyq 
“ “ potass, tart.—acid, sulphuric.—potass, iodidum 325 
“ lactas—calc, bypophos.—potass, chloras 83 
“ phosphas—acidi phosphoric.—quinin. sulph 324 
“ pyrophos.—acid, sulphur 28 
“ sulphas—calc, hypophos.—mag. sulph.—pot. chloras 95 
“ “ —morph, sulph.—pot. iodidium 106 
“ “ —ac. tannic 158 
“ “ —antikamnia—quin, sulph.—strych. sulph 250 
“ “ —ac. salicylic.—potass, permang 281 
“ “ —aq. hydrogen, diox.—glycerin.—pot. bichromas. . 314 
Ferrum reductum—potass, permangan 283 
Glycerinum—pot. chloras—liq. ferri chlor 44 
“ —acid, nitrohydrochlor 62 
“ —pot. chlorat.—ext. glycyrrh.—tinct. ferri chlor 68 
NUMBER INDEX TO PRESCRIPTIONS. 
253 
Glycerinum—hydrarg. chlor. cor.—syr. calcis 99 
—ac. carbol.—aq. hydrogen, diox no 
“ —aq. ammon.—tinct. ferri chlor 128 
“ —sod, bicarb.—sod. boras 141 
—pot. permangan 144 
“ —ac. sulphurosi—pot. chlorat.—tinct. ferri chlor 211 
—bals. Peru 223 
—ol. ricini 254 
“ —plumbi acet.—sod. boras 259 
—ac. chromic.—alcohol 262 
—ol. tiglii 270 
—unguentum 274 
“ —calx chlorata 279 
“ —liq. calcis.—liq. plumbi subacet 278 
—strychnina 284 
“ —petrolatum 303 
“ —aq. hydrogen, diox.—ferri sulph.—pot. bichrom 314 
Glyceritum boroglycerini—aqua 316 
NUMBER 
Hydrarg. chlor. cor,—acid, pyrogal 268 
“ “ “ —albumen 22 
“ “ “ —amrnon. carb.—pot. iodidium 79 
“ “ “ —antimon. et pot. tart.... 275 
“ “ “ —calc, hypophos.—syr. sarsap. co 172 
“ “ “ —calc, sulphid.—potass, bicarb 105 
“ “ “ —(too large a dose)—potass, carb 298 
“ “ “ —glycerin.—syr. calcis 99 
“ “ “ —liq. ac. arsenosi—strych. sulph,.... 19 
“ “ “ —liq. calcis—muc. acaciae 72 
“ “ “ —liq. calcis.—liq. zinci chlor 154 
“ “ “ —liq. pot, arsenit 58 
“ “ “ “ “ “ —quinin. sulph 127 
“ “ “ “ “ —quin, sulph.—sod, salicyl 233 
“ “ —pot. chloras—sod. iodidium—ammon. iodid 8 
“ “ —pot. iodid.—elix. cinchon x 
“ “ “ —pot. carb.—strych. sulph 52 
“ “ —quinin. sulph.—pot. iodid.—tinct. cinchon 227 
“ “ “ “ “ —tinct. ferri chlor 219 
“ —sp. ammon. arom. 145 
” “ —sod. boras, 213 
“ “ —syr. ferri iodid 63 
“ mite—ac. hydrobrom 151 
“ “ “ —ac. hydrochlor 182 
“ “ “ —ammon. carb 48 
“ “ “ —ammon. chlor x^o 254 
INDEX TO PRESCRIPTIONS. 
Hydrarg. chlor. mite—antipyrin.—sod. bicarb 53 
“ “ “ —aq. lauro-cerasi 192 
“ “ “ —cocain. hydrochlor 136 
“ “ “ —iodoform 315 
“ “ “ —pilocarpin. hydrochlor 197 
“ “ “ —pot. bromid 108 
“ “ “ —pot. chloras 3 
“ “ “ —pot. cyanid 161 
“ “ “ —pot. iodid 32 
“ “ “ —sapo 299 
“ “ “ —sod. bicarb 238 
“ “ “ —syr. calcis 98 
“ “ “ —tinct. iodi 207 
“ nitras—ac. nitric.—ale 175 
“ oxid. flav.—iodol xi 2 
Hydrargyrum ammon.—tinct. iodi 263 
Hydrastinae sulph,—sod. boras 117 
Infus. cinchon.—hydrarg. chlor. cor.—sp. ammon. aromat 146 
“ salviae—quinin. sulph.—sp. rosemar.—tinct. canthar 204 
lodoformum—ac. tannic 47 
“ —(insoluble in syrup) 222 
“ —hydrarg. chlor. mite 315 
lodol—hydrarg. oxidi flav 112 
“ —terpini hydras—syr. tolu 183 
lodum—ale.—ol. terebin 76 
“ —camphora—ung. hydrarg 84 
“ —lia. camphor, co 235 
“ —(in ointment) 305 
“ —sp. camphor.—lin. sapon 29 
Liniment, calcis—unguent, hydrarg. nitrat 199 
“ camphor.—aq. ammon.—unguent, hydrarg 295 
“ co.—iodum 235 
“ saponis—iodum—sp. camphor 29 
“ —aq. ammon.—tinct. iodi 122 
Liquor acidi arsenosi—hydrarg. chlor. cor.—strych. sulph iq 
“ ammon. acet.—tinct. ferri chlor 201 
“ —ol. gaulther,—sod. salicyl.—tinct. ferri chlor 225 
“ arsenic.—auri et sodii chlor 103 
“ arseni et hydrarg. iodidi—quinin. sulph 17 
“ bismuthi—vini pepsini 135 
“ “ —mucil. acaciae 286 
“ calcis—01. morrhuae—syr. ferri iodidi 16 
“ “ —muc. acaciae—hydrarg. chlor. cor 72 
NUMBER 255 
INDEX TO PRESCRIPTIONS. 
Liquor calcis—hydrarg. chlor. cor.—liq. zinci chlor. 154 
“ —petrolat.—zinci carbon.—zinci oxidum 205 
“ —sp. ammon. aromat 228 
“ —liq. plumbi subacet.—glycerin 278 
“ “ —ac. tannic 291 
“ “ —ac. gallic 292 
“ —ac. salicyl 312 
“ ferri chlor.—pot. chloras—glycerin 44 
“ “ dialys.—liq. pot. arsenit 56 
“ “ “ “ “ “ —tinct. cinchon 60 
“ “ “ —mucil. acaciae 129 
“ “ et ammon. acet.—quinin. sulph 116 
“ hydrarg. chlor.—sp. ammon. aromat 177 
“ “ “ —syr. acidi hydriodici 294 
“ iodi co.—liq. potassse—01, olivae 266 
“ morphinae hydrochlor.—pot. chloras 293 
“ plumbi subacet.—tinct. ferri chlor 131 
“ —tinct. opii 137 
“ —mucil. acaciae 169 
“ —glycerin.—liq. calcis 278 
“ potassae—liq. iodi co.—01. olivae 266 
“ potassii arsenitis—ac. phosphor.—tinct. ferri chlor.—quinin. sulph., 27 
“ “ “ —liq. ferri dialys 56 
“ “ “ —hydrarg, chlor. cor 58 
“ “ “ —liq. ferri dialys.—strych. hydrochlor 60 
“ “ “ —liq. strych. 77 
“ “ “ —hydrarg. chlor. cor.—quinin. sulph 127 
“ “ “ —tinct. nucis vom 168 
“ “ “ —strych. nitras 202 
“ —syr. ferri iodidi 214 
“ “ “ —hydrarg. chlor. cor.—sod. salicyl 233 
“ “ “ —argenti nitras 252 
“ sodae—acidi gallic 216 
“ “ chloratae—ammon.—thymol 193 
“ “ “ —ac. carbol.—aq. ammon 236 
“ sodii arsenatis—ac. sulphur.—pot. iodidum—quinin. sulph 300 
“ strych.—sod. bicarb 57 
“ “ —liq. pot. arsenit 77 
“ zinci chlor.—hydrarg. chlor. cor.—liq. calcis 154 
Lithii salicylas—ferri et ammon. cit 171 
Magnesia—aqua 149 
Magnes. carb.—ac. citrici—sod. boras. 86 
“ sulph.—calc, hypophos.—ferri sulph 95 
“ —ext. valerian, fl.—ext. tarax. fl.—tinct. gent, co 133 
NUMBER 256 
INDEX TO PRESCRIPTIONS. 
Massa ferri carb.—ac. sulph. aromat 246 
Mel—sod. bicarb.—sod. boras 234 
Menthol—thymol—ac. benzoic.—ac. salicyl.—sod. bicarb 114 
“ “ —eucalyptol—guaiacol carb 248 
“ —(insoluble in water) 185 
Morphinse acet.—pot. cyanid 49 
“ “ —ac. tannic.—tinct. myrrhae 78 
“ “ —sp. aether nit.—liq. ammon. acet 81 
“ “ —ferri sulph.—potass, iodidum 106 
“ hydrochlor.—ammon. chlor.—codeina 276 
“ sulph.—pot. permangan ..... 10 
“ “ —atrop. sulph 88 
“ “ —pot. chloras—tinct. ferri chlor 104 
“ “ —bis. subnit.—sod. bicarb m 
“ “1 —sp. aether, nit 126 
“ “ —(large dose) 157 
“ “ —cupri sulph.—zinci sulph 188 
“ “ —aether—chloroform 208 
“ “ —sod. bicarb.—tinct. ferri chlor 221 
Mucilago acaciae—potass, permanganas 5 
“ “ —tinct. guaiaci 6 
“ “ —tinct. ferri chlor.—sp. aether, nit 50 
“ “ “ “ '• —liq. ammon. acet 71 
“ “ —hydrarg. chlor, cor.—liq. calcis 72 
“ “ —liq. ferri dialys 129 
“ “ —liq. plumbi subacet 169 
“ “ —sod. boras 190 
“ “ —liq. bismuthi 286 
“ “ —ol. morrhuae—sod. boras—syr. tolu 272 
“ “ —sod. boras—01. petrolat 256 
“ “ —alcohol 174 
Naphtol—exalgin 269 
Oleum gaultheriae—tinct. feri chlor 225 
“ lini—ac. sulphur.—plumbi acet.—pot. nitras 22a 
“ morrhuae—syr. ferri iodidi—liq. calcis 16 
“ “ —acacia—sod. boras—syr. tolu 272 
“ olivae—atrop. sulph 242 
“ “ —liq. iodi co.—liq. pot 266' 
“ ricini—glycerin . 254 
“ sabinae—(in pills) 232 
“ terebinthinae—syrup 37 
“ “ —ale.—iodum 76 
“ “ —ac. nitric.—ac. sulphuric...... 90 
NUMBER 2 57 
INDEX TO PRESCRIPTIONS. 
Oleum terebinthinae—ac. nitrohydrochlor 143 
“ “ —ext. can. ind. fl.—syr. zingib 166 
“ “ —santonin.—syrupus 186 
“ tiglii—glycerin 270 
Pepsinum—Bis. et. ammon, cit.—ac. hydrochlor 30 
Petrolatum—bals. Peru 64 
“ —liq. calcis. 205 
“ —ac. carbol.—sp. myrciae 224 
“ —glycerin 303 
Phenacetinum—ac. salicyl.—exalgin 148 
“ —camphora—exalgin—salol 226 
“ —tinct. ferri chlor 290 
“ —(insoluble in water) 307 
“ —chloral—quinin. sulph 310 
Phenocoll hydrochlor.—pipcrazin 155 
Picis liq.—ac. sulph.—pot. bichromas 198 
Pilocarpina—hydrarg. chlor. mit 197 
Piperazin.—(in powder) 215 
“ —phenocol. hydrochlor 155 
Plumbi acetas—quinin. sulph.—bis. subnit 13 
“ “ —alum 14 
“ “ —zinci sulph 109 
“ “ —ac. tannic.—alum—zinci sulph 147 
“ “ —ac. carbolic—thymol 217 
“ “ “ “ —ac. sulphur.—ol. lini 220 
“ “ —ammon. carb 231 
** “ —glycerin.—sod. boras 259, 
“ “ —ac. pyrogallic 271 
“ “ —ac. carbol.—camphora—tinct. iodi 288 
“ oxid.—ac. acetic.—oryza 237 
“ subftcet.—bis. subnit.—sodii bicarb nr 
“ “ —zinci sulph.—tinct. catechu co.—tinct. opii 21 
Podophyllin—quinin. sulph.—tinct. ferri chlor.—tinct. rhei 287 
Potass, acet.—quinin. sulph 59 
“ bicarbon.—ext. buchu fl.—sp. aether. nit, 51 
“ “ —ferri sulph.—morph, acet 105 
“ “ —ac. sulphuric.—quinin. sulph 142 
“ “ —syr. ferri iodidi 322 
“ bichromas—ac. sulph.—picis liquid 198 
“ “ —aq. hydrogen, diox.—ferri sulph.—glycerin 314 
“ bromid.—chloral—elixir 20 
[ “ “ —hydrarg. chlor. mit. 108 
“ “ —aq. camphor 162 
“ “ —strych. sulph 180 
NUMBER 258 
INDEX TO PRESCRIPTIONS. 
Potass, carbonas—hydrarg. chlor. cor.—strych. sulph 52 
“ —massa ferri carbon.—ac. arsenosi 187 
“ chloras—hydrarg. chlor. mit 3 
“ —ammon. iodid.—hydrarg. chlor. cor 8 
“ “ —sod. hypophosphis. g 
“ “ —antimon. sulphur.—saccharum—sulphur 36 
“ “ —aq. menth. pip.—tinct. myrrh.—ac. carbol 3g 
“ —glycerin.—liq. ferri chlor 44 
“ “ —ac. hydrochlor 45 
“ “ —syr. aurant 65 
“ “ —tinct. ferri chlor.—ext. glycyrrh. fl.—glycerin 68 
“ “ —syr. ferri iodid.—vin. antimon 80 
** “ —carbo ligni—cinchona—potass, salicyl 82 
“ “ —calc, hypophos.—ferri lactas 83 
“ “ “ “ —ferri sulph.—mag. sulph 95 
“ —morph, sulph.—tinct. ferri chlor 104 
“ “ —quinin. sulph.—sod. hyposulph.—tinct. ferri chlor 150 
“ “ —catechu 184 
** “ —ac. sulphuros.—glycerin.—tinct. ferri chlor 211 
*c “ —ac. sulphuros 261 
f‘ “ —liq. morph, hydrochlor 293 
4< “ —ac. sulphuric.—syr. ferri iodidi 306 
“ citras—sp. aether, nit 145 
*( “ —acid, citric.—quinin. sulph 196 
** cyanid.—morph, acet 49 
“ “ —hydrarg. chlor. mit x6r 
“ “ —chloral 203 
“ “ —strych. sulph 273 
“ et sod. tart.—ac. sulph. aromat 163 
“ “ “ “ —syr. limon.—tinct. ferri chlor 255 
“ iodidum—hydrarg. chlor. cor.—elix. cinchon 1 
“ “ —sp. aether, nit 26 
“ “ —hydrarg. chlor. mit 32 
,l “ —quinin. sulph.—strych. sulph 34 
4t “ —codeina 38 
“ “ —sp. aether, nit.—tinct. ferri chlor 55 
“ “ —ammon. carb.—hydrarg. chlor. cor 79 
“ “ —ferri sulph.—morph, acet 106 
“ “ —quinin. sulph.—ac. nitrohydrochlor Ixs 
“ “ —quinin, sulph.—ac. tartaric 119 
“ “ —amyl nitris 132 
“ “ —ferri et quinin. cit 179 
“ “ —hydrarg. chlor. cor.—quinin. sulph 227 
“ •* —ac. citric.—quinin. sulph 289 
•“ “ —ac. sulph.—liq. sod. arsenat.—quinin. sulph 300 
NUMBER INDEX TO PRESCRIPTIONS. 
259 
Potass, iodidum—(in pills) 304 
“ “ —ferri et potass, tart.—acid, sulphuric 325 
“ nitras—sod. chlor.—aqua—ale.—tinct. opii 212 
“ “ —plumbi acet.—ac. sulphur,—ol. lini 220 
“ permanganas—mucil. acaciae 5 
“ “ —morph, sulph 10 
“ “ —ext. glycyrrhiz.—glyc. amyli 89 
“ “ —glycerin. 144 
“ “ —aq. hydrogen, diox 191 
“ “ —argent, nitras 247 
“ “ —ac. carbolic 25S 
“ “ —ac. salicylic.—ferri sulph 281 
“ “ —ferrum reduct.—quinin. sulph 283 
“ salicylas—carbo ligni—pot. chloras 82 
“ sulphurat.—zinci sulph 245 
Pyrogallol—(see Acid, pyrogallic.). 
Quinin. bisulph.—liq. ferri et ammon. acet 116 
“ “ —tinct. catechu co 140 
“ “ —amikamnia 93 
“ sulph.—ammon. carb.—ac. sulph 2 
“ “ —plumbi acet.—bis. subnit 13 
“ “ —acid, tannic.—acid, sulph 15 
“ “ —liq. arseni et hydrarg. iodidi 17 
“ “ —sod. salicyl 18 
“ “ —ac. phosphor.—liq. pot. arsen.—tinct. ferri chlor.—tinct. 
iodi co 27 
“ “ —pot. iodidum—strych. sulph 34 
“ “ —pot. acet 59 
“ “ —tinct. ferri chlor.—strych. sulph 92 
“ “ —ac. nitrohydrochlor.—potass, iodidum 115 
“ “ —ac. tartaric.—pot. iodidum 119 
“ “ —tinct. ferri chlor 123 
“ “ —ac. sulph.—pot. bicarb 142 
“ —pot. chloras.—sod. hyposulph.—tinct. ferri chlor 150 
“ “ —ac. hydrobrom.—sod. salicyl 178 
“ “ —ac. citric.—potass, citras 196 
“ “ —infus. salvise—sp. rosemar 204 
“ “ —sod. benzoat.—elixir 218 
** “ —hydrarg. chlor. cor.—tinct. ferri chlor 219 
“ “ —sod. bicarb.—tinct. ferri chlor 221 
“ “ —hydrarg. chlor. cor.—pot. iodidum. 227 
“ “ “ “ “ —liq. pot. arsenit 233 
“ “ —antikamnia—ferri sulph.—strych. sulph 250 
“ “ —tinct. guaiac. ammon.—tinct. ferri chlor 282 
NUMBER INDEX TO PRESCRIPTIONS. 
Quinin. sulph.—ferrum reduct.—pot. permang 283 
“ “ —podophyllin—tinct, ferri chlor.—tinct. rhei 287 
“ “ —ac. citric.—quinin. sulph 289 
“ “ —syr. ferri iodidi—syr. hypophos 296 
“ “ —ac. sulphur,—liq. sod. arsenat.—pot. iod 300 
“ “ —chloral—phenacetin 310 
“ “ —antipyrin.—chloral 320 
“ “ —ac. sulphuric.—ferri et pot. tart 325 
“ “ —ac. phosphor.—ferri phosphas 324 
Resorcinum—ammon, carb 74 
“ —sp. aether, nit. rosi. 120 
“ —acetanilid.—antipyrin 240 
Rheum—tinct. ferri chlor 27 
Saccharum—pot. chloras 36 
Salol—thymol 125 
“ —acetanilid.—camphor, monobrom 153 
“ —tinct. ferri chlor 264 
“ —camphora—exalgin—phenacetin 226 
Santoninum—(too large a dose) 173 
“ —ol. terebin.—syrup 186 
Sapo—hydrarg. chlor. mit 299 
Sodii arsenas—(too large a dose) 298 
“ benzoas—quinin. sulph.—elixir 218 
“ bicarbonas—antipyrin.—hydrarg. chlor. mit 53 
“ “ —liq. strych 57 
“ “ —acid, salicyl gi 
“ “ —bis. subnit 107 
“ “ “ “ —morph, sulph.—plumbi subacet m 
“ “ —ac. benzoic.—ac. salicyl 114 
“ “ —sod. boras.—glycerin 141 
“ “ —ac. hydrocyanic 152 
“ “ —quinin sulph.—morph, sulph.—tinct. ferri chlor 221 
“ “ —mel—sod, boras 234 
“ “ —hydrarg. chlor. cor 238 
“ “ —(insoluble in chloroform) 239 
“ boras—zinci sulph . 25 
“ “ —chloral 43 
“ “ —ac. citric.—mag. carb 86 
“ “ —ac. salicyl.—ac. benzoic.—glycerin 114 
“ “ —hydrastin. sulph.- 117 
“ “ —sod. bicarb.—glycerin 141 
“ “ —cocain. hydrochlor 176 
“ “ —mucil. acacia? igo 
“ “ —hydrarg. chlor. cor 213 
NUMBER INDEX TO PRESCRIPTIONS. 
Sodii boras—mel.—sod. bicarbon 234 
“ “ —acacia 256 
“ “ —glycerin.—plumbi. acet 259 
“ “ —acacia—ol. morrhuae—syr. tolu 272 
“ chlorid.—argent, nitras 170 
“ “ —ale.—aqua 212 
4‘ hypophos.—bis. subnitras 7 
“ “ —potass, chloras 9 
“ “ —ac. sulphurous 31 
41 “ —calc, hypophos.—tinct. ferri chlor 181 
“ hyposulphis—potass, chloras—tinct. ferri chlor 150 
“ iodid.—hydrarg. chlor. cor.—potass, chloras 8 
“ phosphas—aqua—syrupus 23 
“ “ —strych. sulph 75 
“ salicylas—quinin. sulph 18 
“ —syr. limonis 54 
“ —ammon. carb.—sp. aether, nit 96 
“ —antipyrin 114 
“ —ac. hydrobrom.—quinin. sulph 178 
“ —sp. aether, nit.., 210 
“ —liq. ammon. acet.—tinct. ferri chlor 225 
“ “ —hydrarg. chlor. cor.—quinin. sulph 233 
“ “ —bismuthi subnit 309 
Spiritus aetheris nitrosi—ext. buchu fl 11 
“ “ “ —potass, iodid 26 
“ “ “ —tinct. ferri chlor,—mucil. acaciae 50 
“ “ “ —ext. buchu fl 51 
“ “ “ —potass, iodid.—tinct. ferri chlor 55 
“ “ “ —morph, acet.—liq. ammon. acet 81 
“ ** “ —ammon. carb.—sod. salicyl 96 
“ “ “ —antipyrin 118 
“ “ “ —resorcin 120 
“ “ “ —morph, sulph 126 
“ “ “ —ext. digitalis fl 138 
“ “ “ —potass, citras—syrup 145 
“ “ “ —sod. salicyl 210 
“ —tinct. colchici—tinct. guaiaci 244 
“ “ “ —diuretin—tinct. ferri chlor 319 
“ ammon. aromat.—hydrarg. chlor. cor.—infus. cinchon 146 
“ “ “ —strych. sulph.—elixir 165 
“ “ “ —hydrarg. chlor. cor 177 
" “ “ —liq. calcis 228 
“ “ “ —zinci acet.—bis. subnit 229 
“ “ “ —tinct. opii 251 
“ camphorae—iodum—lin. saponis 29 
NUMBER 262 
INDEX TO PRESCRIPTIONS. 
Spiritus frumenti—chloroform 25l 
“ myrciae—ac. carbol.—petrolat •• • 224 
“ rosemarin.—infus. salvise 2°4 
Strychnina—(insoluble in syr.) 222 
“ —(insoluble in glycer.) 2&4 
Strychninse hydrochlor.—liq. potass, arsenit 60 
“ nilras.—liq. potass, arsenit 202 
“ sulph. liq. ac. arsenosi. hydrarg. chlor. cor 19 
“ “ —pot. iodid 34 
“ “ —potass, carb.—hydrarg. chlor. cor 52 
“ “ —(too large a dose) 69 
“ —sod. phosphas 75 
“ “ —auri et sod. chlor.—atrop. sulph 87 
“ “ —sp. amnion, arom.—elix 165 
“ “ —potass, bromid 180 
“ “ —antikamnia 25a 
“ “ —potass, cyanid 273 
Sulphur—potass, chloras 3& 
“ —calx * 277 
Syrupus—ac. nitric.—ac. sulphuric 189 
“ —liq. ferri dialys.—muc. acaciae 129 
“ —aq. ammon,—tinct. ferri chlor 209 
“ acidi hydriodici—bismuth subnit 73 
“ “ “ —aq. hydrogen, diox 253 
“ “ “ —liq. hydrarg. chlor. cor 294. 
“ allii—ammon. carb 24 
“ calcis—hydrarg. chlor. mit 98 
“ “ —hydrarg. chlor. cor.—glycerin 99 
“ ferri iodidi—01. morrhuae—liq. calcis 16 
“ “ “ —hydrarg. chlor. cor.—liq. am. acet 63 
“ “ “ —potass, chloras—vin. antimon So 
“ “ “ —liq. pot. arsenit 214 
“ “ “ —antipyrin 257 
“ “ “ —quinin. sulph.—syr. hypophos 296 
“ “ “ —ac. sulphur.—potass, chloras 3°6 
“ “ “ —potass, bicarbon 322 
“ hypophos.—quinin. sulph.—syr. ferri iodidi 296 
“ ipecac.—ammon. carb.—vin. pepsin 35 
“ limonis—sod. salicyl 54 
“ “ —ferri et ammon. cit.—lithii salicyl 171 
“ “ —potass, et sod. tart.—tinct. ferri chlor 255 
“ sarsapar. co.—calc, hypophos.—hydrarg. chlor. cor 172 
“ scillse—ammon. carb... 4 
“ tolu.—acacia—sod. boras 272 
NUMBER INDEX IV PRESCRIPTIONS. 
263 
NUMBER 
Terpini hydras—iodol—syr. tolu 183 
“ “ —(insoluble in water) 321 
Thymol—ac. benz.—ac. salicyl.—eucalyptol—menthol—sod. bicarb 114 
“ —salol 125 
“ —aq. ammon.—liq. sod. chloratae 193 
“ —ac. carbol.—plumbi acet 217 
“ —eucalyptol—guaiacol carb.—menthol 248 
“ —ac. carb.—ceratum 285 
Tinct. aloes—tinct. ferri chlor.—tinct. guaiaci ammon 156 
“ canthar.—infus. salviae—quin, sulph.—sp. rosemar 204 
“ cardam. co.—ferri et quin. cit.—acid, phosphor 160 
“ catechu co.—plumbi subacet.—tinct. opii—zinci acet 21 
“ “ “ —quinin. bisulph 140 
“ cinchon. co,—hydrarg. chlor. cor.—pot. iodidum—quin, sulph 227 
“ colchici—sp. aether, nit.—tinct. guaiac 244 
“ digitalis—ac. phosphor.—tinct. ferri chlor 12 
“ ferri chlor.—ac. phosphor.—tinct. digitalis 12 
“ “ “ —tinct. iodi co.—liq pot. arsen.—acid.phosphor.—quinin, 
sulph 27 
,c “ “ —muc. acaciae—sp. aeth, nit 50 
“ “ —tinct. gent. co.—sp. aeth. nit.—pot. iodidum 55 
“ “ “ —ext. glycyrrhizae fl.—glycerin.—potass, chloras 68 
“ “ “ —liq. ammon. acet.—muc. acaciae 71 
“ “ “ —ac. carbol.—ac. sulphurosum 94 
4‘ “ “ —antipyrin 100 
“ “ “ —morph, sulph.—potass, chloras 104 
“ “ “ —quinin. sulph 123 
“ “ “ —aq. gaultheriae 124 
“ “ “ —aq. ammon.—glycerin 128 
“ “ “ —aq. ammon.—syrupus 209 
“ “ “ —liq. plumb, subacet 131 
“ “ “ —pot. chloras—quininae sulph.—sod. hyposulph 150 
“ “ “ —tinct. aloes —tinct. guaiaci ammon 156 
“ “ —liq. pot. arsen.—sod. hypophos.—calc, hypophos.—ac. 
phosphor 181 
“ “ “ —aq. pimentae 195 
“ “ “ —liq. ammon. acet 201 
“ “ “ —ac. sulph.—glycerin.—potass, chloras 211 
“ “ “ —morph, sulph.—quininae sulph.—sod. bicarb 221 
“ “ “ —liq. ammon. acet.—01. gaullher.—sod. salicyl 225 
“ “ “ —pot. et sod. tart.—syr. limon 255 
“ “ “ —salol .. 264 
“ “ “ —aq. cinnamon.—liq. acid, arsen.—quin, sulph 267 
tc “ “ —quininae sulph.—tinct. guaiaci ammon 282 
“ “ “ —quininae sulph.—podophyllin—tinct. rhei.. 287 264 
INDEX TO PRESCRIPTIONS. 
Tinct. ferri chlor.—phenacetin 290 
“ “ “ —calc, hypophos 297 
“ “ “ —acetanilid 313 
“ “ “ —diuretin 319 
“ gentian, co.—linct. ferri chlor.—sp. seth. nit.—potass, iodidum 55 
“ guaiaci—sp. aether, nit.—tinct. colch 244 
“ “ —mucil. acaciae 6 
“ ammon.—tinct. aloes—tinct. ferri chlor ... 156 
“ “ “ —quininae sulph.—tinct. ferri chlor 282 
“ hyoscyami—(in pills) '. 311 
“ iodi—aq. ammon.—lin. saponis 122 
“ “ —ac. hydrocyan. dil.—codeina 97 
“ “ —aqua—glycerin 134 
“ “ —hydrarg. chlor. mit 207 
“ “ —ac. tannic 26a 
“ “ —hydrarg. ammon 263 
“ “ —aq. ammon.—collodium 265 
“ “ —ac. carbol.—camphor.—plumbi acet.. 288 
“ “ co.—ac. phosphor.—liq. pot. arsen.—quin, sulph.—tinct. ferri 
chlor 27 
“ “ “ —auri chlor.—glycerin.—menthol 101 
“ “ “ —ac. salicylic! 317 
“ lobeliae—(too large a dose) 46 
“ myrrhae—ac. tannic.—morph, acet.—syr. zingiber 78 
“ nucis vom —ac. nitrohydrochlor 33. 
“ “ “ —liq. pot. arsenit 168 
“ opii—plumb, subacet. —tinct. catechu co.—zinci sulph 21 
“ “ —liq. plumb, subacet 137 
“ “ —bis. subnit.—sp. ammon. arom.—zinci acet 229 
“ rhei—quininae sulph.—podophyllin—tinct. ferri chlor 287 
Unguentum—glycerinum 274 
“ hydrargyri—alcohol—aqua—camphora 84 
“ “ —aq. ammon.—lin. camph 295 
“ “ nitratis—lin. calcis. 199 
Vin. pepsini—ammon. carb.—syr. ipecac 35 
“ “ —liq. bismuthi 135 
Zinci acet.—bis. subnit.—sp. ammon. aromat... 229 
“ sulph.—alum—ac. tannicum—plumb, acet 147 
“ “ —(too much) 188 
“ “ —plumbi acet 109 
“ “ “ subacet.—tinct. catechu co.—tinct. opii 21 
“ “ —potass, sulphurat 245. 
“ “ —sod. boras 25. 
NUMBER SHORT-TITLE CATALOGUE 
OF THE 
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10 Merriman and Woodward’s Higher Mathematics Bvo, $5 00 
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“ Higher Linear Perspective Bvo, 350 
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“ Primary Geometry 12mo, 75 
“ Plane Problems 12mo, 125 
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“ Projection Drawing 12mo, 150 
Wood’s Co-ordinate Geometry Bvo, 200 
“ Trigonometry 12rno, 100 
Woolf’s Descriptive Geometry Royal Bvo, 300 
MECHANICS-MACHINERY 
Text-books and Practical Works. 
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Baldwin’s Steam Heating for Buildings 12mo, 850 
Benjamin’s Wrinkles and Recipes 12mo, 200 
Carpenter’s Testing Machines and Methods of Testing 
Materials.. Bvo, 
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Church’s Mechanics of Engineering Bvo, 600 
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Crehore’s Mechanics of the Girder Bvo, 500 
Cromwell’s Belts and Pulleys 12mo, 150 
“ Toothed Gearing 12mo, 150 
Compton’s First Lessons in Metal Working 12mo, 150 
Dana’s Elementary Mechanics 12mo, 150 
11 Dingey’s Machinery Pattern Making 12mo, $2 00 
Dredge’s Trans. Exhibits Building, World Exposition, 
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Du Bois’s Mechanics. Yol. 1., Kinematics Bvo, 350 
“ “ Yol. 11., Statics Bvo, 400 
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Fitzgerald’s Boston Machinist .18mo, 100 
Flalher’s Dynamometers 12mo, 200 
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Hall’s Car Lubrication 12mo, 100 
Holly’s Saw Filing 18mo, 75 
Lanza’s Applied Mechanics Bvo, 750 
Mac Cord’s Kinematics Bvo, 500 
Merriman’s Mechanics of Materials Bvo, 400 
Metcalfe’s Cost of Manufactures Bvo, 500 
Michie’s Analytical Mechanics Bvo, 400 
Mosely’s Mechanical Engineering. (Mahan.) Bvo, 500 
Richards’s Compressed Air 12mo, 150 
Robinson’s Principles of Mechanism Bvo, 300 
Smith's Press-working of Metals Bvo, 300 
The Lathe and Its Uses Bvo, 6 00 
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Weisbach’s Hydraulics and Hydraulic Motors. (Du 80i5.)..8v0, 500 
“ Mechanics of Engineering. Yol. 111., Part 1., 
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Sec. 11. (Klein.) Bvo, 500 
Weisbach’s Steam Engines. (Du Bois.) Bvo, 500 
Wood’s Analytical Mechanics Bvo, 300 
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“ “ “ Supplement and Key 1 25 
METALLURGY. 
Iron—Gold— Silver—Alloys, Etc. 
Allen’s Tables for Iron Analysis Bvo, 300 
Egleston’s Gold and Mercury...: Bvo, 750 
12 Egleston’s Metallurgy of Silver Bvo, $7 50 
* Kerbs Metallurgy—Copper and Iron Bvo, 15 00 
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Kunhardt’s Ore Dressing in Europe Bvo, 150 
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O’Driscoll’s Treatment of Gold Ores Bvo, 200 
Thurston’s Iron and Steel Bvo, 350 
“ Alloys Bvo, 250 
Wilson’s Cyanide Processes 12mo, 150 
MINERALOGY AND MINING. 
Mine Accidents—Ventilation—Ore Dressing, Etc 
Barringer’s Minerals of Commercial Value {ln the pre‘B.) 
Beard’s Ventilation of Mines 12mo, 250 
Boyd’s Resources of South Western Virginia Bvo, 300 
“ Map of South Western Virginia Pocket-book form, 200 
Brush and Penfield’s Determinative Mineralogy Bvo, 350 
Chester’s Catalogue of Minerals Bvo, 125 
“ Dictionary of the Names of Minerals Bvo, 300 
Dana’s American Localities of Minerals Bvo, 100 
“ Descriptive Mineralogy. (E. S.) Bvo, half morocco, 12 50 
" Mineralogy and Petrography. (J. D.) 12mo, 200 
“ Minerals and How to Study Them. (E. S.) ,12mo, 150 
“ Text-book of Mineralogy. (E. S.) Bvo, 350 
*Drinker’s Tunnelling, Explosives, Compounds, and Rock Drills. 
4to, half morocco, 25 00 
Egleston’s Catalogue of Minerals and Synonyms Bvo, 250 
Eissler’s Explosives—Nitroglycerine and Dynamite Bvo, 400 
Goodyear’s Coal Mines of the Western Coast 12mo, 250 
Hussak’s Rock forming Minerals. (Smith.) Bvo, 200 
Ihlseng’s Manual of Mining Bvo, 400 
Kunhardt’s Ore Dressing in Europe. Bvo, 150 
O’Driscoll’s Treatment of Gold Ores Bvo, 200 
Rosenbusch’s Microscopical Physiography of Minerals and 
Rocks. (Iddings.) Bvo, 500 
Sawyer’s Accidents in Mines Bvo, 700 
Stockbridge’s Rocks and Soils Bvo, 250 
13 Williams’s Lithology Bvo, $8 00 
Wilson’s Mine Ventilation 16mo, 125 
STEAM AND ELECTRICAL ENGINES, BOILERS, Etc. 
Stationary—Marine—Locomotive—Gas Engines, Etc, 
Baldwin’s Steam Heating for Buildings 12mo, 250 
Clerk’s Gas Engine... 12mo, 400 
Ford’s Boiler Making for Boiler Makers 18mo, 100 
Hemenway’s Indicator Practice 12mo, 200 
Hoadley’s Warm-blast Furnace Bvo, 150 
Kneass’s Practice and Theory of the Injector Bvo, 150 
Mac Cord’s Slide Valve Bvo, 
* Maw’s Marine Engines Folio, half morocco, 18 00 
Meyer’s Modern Locomotive Construction 4to, 10 00 
Peabody and Miller’s Steam Boilers Bvo, 400 
Peabody’s Tables of Saturated Steam Bvo, 100 
“ Thermodynamics of the Steam Engine Bvo, 500 
“ Valve Gears for the Steam-Engine Bvo, 250 
Pray’s Twenty Years with the Indicator Royal Bvo, 250 
Pupin and Osterberg’s Thermodynamics 12mo, 125 
Reagan’s Steam and Electrical Locomotives 12mo, 200 
Rontgen’s Thermodynamics. (Du Bois.) Bvo, 500 
Sinclair’s Locomotive Running 12mo, 200 
Thurston’s Boiler Explosion 12mo, 150 
“ Engine and Boiler Trials Bvo, 500 
“ Manual of the Steam Engine. Part 1., Structure 
and Theory Bvo, 750 
Manual of the Steam Engine. Part 11., Design, 
Construction, and Operation Bvo, 750 
2 parts, 12 00 
“ Philosophy of the Steam Engine 12mo, 75 
“ Reflection on the Motive Power of Heat. (Carnot.) 
12mo, 200 
“ Stationary Steam Engines 12rno, 150 
“ Steam-boiler Construction and Operation Bvo, 500 
Spangler’s Valve Gears Bvo, 250 
{See also Engineering, p. 6.) 
14 Trowbridge’s Stationary Steam Engines 4to, boards, $2 50 
Weisbach’s Steam Engine. (Du Bois.) Bvo, 500 
Whitham’s Constructive Steam Engineering Bvo, 10 00 
“ Steam-engine Design Bvo, 600 
Wilson’s Steam Boilers. (Flather.) 12mo, 250 
Wood’s Thermodynamics, Heat Motors, etc Bvo, 400 
TABLES, WEIGHTS, AND MEASURES. 
For Actuaries, Chemists, Engineers, Mechanics—Metric 
Tables, Etc. 
Adriance’s Laboratory Calculations 12mo, 125 
Allen’s Tables for Iron Analj’sis .. .Bvo, 800 
Bixby’s Graphical Computing Tables Sheet, 25 
Compton’s Logarithms 12mo, 150 
Crandall’s Railway and Earthwork Tables Bvo, 150 
Eglestou’s Weights and Measures 18mo, 75 
Fisher’s Table of Cubic Yards Cardboard, 25 
Hudson’s Excavation Tables. Vol. II Bvo, 100 
Johnson's Stadia and Earthwork Tables Bvo, 125 
Ludlow’s Logarithmic and Other Tables. (Bass.) 12mo, 200 
Thurston’s Conversion Tables Bvo, 100 
Totten’s Metrology Bvo, 250 
VENTILATION. 
Baldwin’s Steam Heating; 12mo, 250 
Beard’s Yen til atiou of Mines 12mo, 250 
Carpenter’s Heating and Ventilating of Buildings Bvo, 300 
Gerhard’s Sanitary House Inspection Square 16mo, 100 
Mott’s The Air We Breathe, and Ventilation 16mo, 100 
Reid’s Ventilation of American Dwellings 12mo, 150 
Wilson’s Mine Ventilation 16mo, 125 
Steam Heating—House Inspection—Mine Ventilation. 
niSCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS 
Alcott’s Gems, Sentiment, Language Gilt edges, 500 
Bailey’s The New Tale of a Tub Bvo, 75 
Ballard’s Solution of the Pyramid Problem Bvo, 150 
Barnard’s The Metrological System of the Great Pyramid. .Bvo, 150 
15 Davis’ Elements of Law. Bvo, $2 00 
Emmon’s Geological Guide-book of the Rocky Mountains. .Bvo, 150 
Ferrel’s Treatise on the Winds Bvo, 400 
Haines’ Addresses Delivered before the Am. Ry. Assn. 
12mo. {ln the press.) 
Mott’s The Fallacy of the Present Theory of Sound. .Sq. 16mo, 100 
Perkins’s Cornell University Oblong 4to, 150 
Ricketts’s History of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.... Bvo, 300 
Rotherham’s The New Testament Critically Emphasized. 
12mo, 1 50 
Totten’s An Important Question in Metrology Bvo, 250 
Whitehouse’s Lake Moeris. .Paper, 25 
* Wiley’s Yosemite, Alaska, and Yellowstone 4to, 300 
HEBREW AND CHALDEE TEXT=BOOKS. 
For Schools and Theological Seminaries. 
Gesenius’s Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to Old Testament. 
(Tregelles.) Small 4to, half morocco, 500 
Green’s Elementary Hebrew Grammar 12mo, 125 
“ Grammar of the Hebrew Language (New Edition).Bvo, 300 
“ Hebrew Chrestomathy Bvo, 200 
Letferis’s Hebrew Bible (Massoretic Notes in English). 
Bvp, arabesque, 225 
Luzzato’s Grammar of the Biblical Cbaldaic Language and tbe 
Talmud Babli Idioms 12mo, 150 
MEDICAL. 
Bull’s Maternal Management in Health and Disease 12mo, 100 
Hammarsteu’s Physiological Chemistry. (Mandel.) Bvo, 400 
Mott’s Composition, Digestibility, and Nutritive Value of Food. 
Large mounted chart, 125 
Ruddiman’s Incompatibilities in Prescriptions.. ..{ln the press.) 
Steel’s Treatise on the Diseases of the Ox Bvo, 600 
“ Treatise on the Diseases of the Dog Bvo, 350 
Worcester’s Small Hospitals—Establishment and Maintenance, 
including Atkinson’s Suggestions for Hospital Archi- 
tecture 12mo, 125 
16