A GRAPHIC STUDY OF TREMOR 
by 
AUGUSTUS A. ESHNER, M. D. 
Professor of Clinical Medicine in the Philadelphia Polyclinic ; Visiting Physician 
to the Philadelphia Hospital 
(From the Philadelphia Orthopedic Hqspital and Infirmary for 
Nervotus Diseases) 
From 
THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 
Vol. IX, No. 3, 1897 A GRAPHIC STUDY OF TREMOR* 
Bt AUGUSTUS A. ESHNER, M. D., Professor of Clinical Medicine in the 
Philadelphia Polyclinic; Visiting Physician to the 
Philadelphia Hospital. 
(From the Orthopedic Hospital and Infirmary for Nervous Diseases, Philadelphia.) 
Plates XXIII-XXX. 
The work embodied in this report was undertaken at the suggestion 
of Dr. S. Weir Mitchell, whose hearty co-operation and material aid 
k further had throughout. Among the objects of the investigation 
was the determination (1) whether or not a demonstrable tremor 
exists in healthy individuals; (2) whether or not any relation or grada- 
tion exists among various kinds of tremor; and (3) whether or not 
various forms of disease present, as to their tremor, distinguishing 
characteristics. 
The subject of tremor has always attracted considerable attention, 
especially in a clinical way, and a number of interesting graphic 
studies have been made. Most of these observations, however, have 
dealt only with the tremor associated with diseased states, particularly 
with regard to the form and frequency of movement and the influence 
of rest and action, or passivity and activity. With the exception of 
Peterson,f no one has, so far as I am aware, undertaken an analysis 
of the character of the movements, and it was hoped that this object 
might be fulfilled in the present study; but our efforts in this direction 
have not been entirely successful. 
The first difficulty encountered consisted in the lack of a suitable 
apparatus, as none of those previously described appeared sufficient 
or available for the purposes of the investigation. A number of inves- 
tigators (Debove and Marie,§ Horsley and Schaefer,|| Dutil,^f 
* Read before the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, November 5, 1896. 
f Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, February, 1889; New York Medical 
Journal, Oct. 11, 1890, p. 393. 
% Arch, de Neurologie, i, 191, 1880-1. 
§ These de Paris, 1883. 
j| Journal of Physiology, 1886, pp. 96, 111. 
These de Paris, 1891. 302 
A Graphic Study of Tremor 
Fernet* and Filliatref) have used two tambours, connected by tubing 
which transmits to the second the movement imparted to the first. 
Others:}: have substituted a rubber ball for the first tambour. Still 
others § used various forms of sphygmographs. Von Kries|| pre- 
ferred a steel spring to which a glass style was attached. 
employed an apparatus resembling the scales of commerce. This con- 
sisted of a vertical arm connected with a horizontal arm carrying a 
stylus. The vertical arm was supported by two springs and was pro- 
vided with a toothed dial, on the face of which a needle registered 
the amount of pressure employed. The elaborate apparatus employed 
by Warner** permitted only the enumeration of various kinds of move- 
ments of the hand and its component parts. It consisted of (1) a 
series of rubber tubes to be attached to the hand, one tube to each 
finger or moving paid; these were connected, by means of pieces 
of thin conducting tubing, with a set of tambours; (2) a frame sup- 
porting the recording tambours and electric signals; (3) an electric 
contact-making tambour, a modification of the Marey tambour, adapted 
to the purpose of actuating, and (4) an electric counter. 
On looking over the ground, the conclusion was reached that the 
most suitable, as well as the most simple, apparatus would be one 
based upon the principles governing the construction of instruments 
already in use for the graphic study of various physiological phe- 
nomena, e. g. the pulse beat, the heart beat or the respiratory move- 
ments. The accompanying illustration (p. 303) and description 
represent the instrument devised for the purposes of this study and 
which is to all intents and objects nothing more than an inverted 
sphygmograph upon a large scale. It consists of a tripod (ri) about 
four inches high, mounted upon a base of iron (a), to give it stability, 
* Des Tremblements. These de Paris, 1892. 
f Arch, de Neurologie, September, 1894, p. 161. 
£ Marie, loc. cit.; Wolfenden and Williams, British Med. Journal, May 19. 
1888. 
§ Grashey, Arch. f. Psychiatric, xvi, p. 857, 1885; Huber, Virchow’s Archil', 
cviii, p. 45; Peterson, Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, February, 1889, 
p. 99; Dana, Medical News, December 17, 1892. 
|| Arch. f. Pliysiologie, 1886. 
Rivista sperimentale di freniatria, xix, fasc. 2, 3; Rev. Internat. de Bibliogr. 
Med., Pharm. et Veter., 1893, No. 24, p. 451. 
** Journal of Physiology, iv, p. 160. Augustus A. Eshner 
303 
and surmounted by a metallic ring (6c) four inches in diameter, over 
which is stretched an elastic membrane. Attached to one of the legs 
of the tripod, by means of a sliding ring and clamp-screw (d), is a 
horizontal metal bar (/) about two and one-half inches long, which can 
be raised or depressed. This rod in turn carries, also by means of a 
sliding ring and clamp-screw (/), a short vertical rod (g) an inch in 
length, which can be slid forward and backward. The upper 
Tremograph and Pressure Scale. Diagrammatic, one-half actual size. 
extremity of this vertical rod is bifurcated for the reception of a light 
bar (h), so pivoted upon either branch as to be capable of movement 
at its free extremity in a vertical plane, and with which the inscribing 
or registering needle (i) is connected through the intermediation of a 
prolongation of aluminum. Attached to this bar by means of a sliding 
band (k) is a slender rod (e) an inch long, jointed below to the sliding 
band and above to a small flat button (m), about f of an inch in 304 
A Graphic Study of Tremor 
diameter, which is glued to the under surface of the elastic 
diaphragm.* 
It will be seen that every movement imparted, for instance by the 
fingers, to the elastic membrane will be transmitted to the registering 
needle, and in magnified degree, in inverse proportion to the length of 
the proximal arm of the lever formed by the arrangement of the con- 
stituent parts of the instrument. By this means it has been possible 
to demonstrate movements that would have escaped detection and 
record by the apparatus ordinarily employed. On the other hand, 
the sensitiveness of the instrument precluded its use in cases in which 
the movements were wide in range or wildly incoordinate. Under 
these conditions resort was had to the tambours in ordinary use (Plate 
XXIII, Fig. 2), which permitted, further, of simultaneous observa- 
tions of the two sides of the body or of two or more different parts. 
The new apparatus, while possessing advantages over those previously 
in use, is not entirely free from objection. With it, as with others, it 
is difficult, if at all possible, to make the conditions always exactly alike. 
Thus the tension of the elastic membrane is variable under differing 
conditions; while the co-operation of the patient is required, both 
mentally and physically. Besides, in an investigation like this it is 
difficult to eliminate extraneous influences, such as are related to rest 
and activity, sleep, the emotions, hunger, the taking of food, stimu- 
lants, tobacco, etc. 
In the endeavor to obtain as nearly as possible some basis of com- 
parison, an attempt was made to fix the amount of pressure that should 
be exercised in placing the tremulous part, usually the fingers, upon 
the elastic diaphragm. This was successfully accomplished by the 
use of a scale constituted of lines radiating from a centre, which cor- 
responded to the fulcrum of the lever contained within the instrument 
(B, p. 303). This was mounted by the side of the needle, and as a 
given weight was placed upon the diaphragm of the apparatus, the 
level to which the needle descended was noted, and for the individual 
observation represented a known amount of pressure. 
* For the construction of the instrument I am indebted to Mr. F. F. 
Metzger, of Philadelphia. The photographs of the apparatus were kindly- 
made by my friend, Dr. H. P. Boyer. Augustus A. Eshner 
305 
To distinguish our apparatus we have designated it a “ tremograph,” 
and the tracings secured with its aid, “ tremograms.” 
The experiments were ordinarily conducted by having the subject 
place the fingers, especially the index, middle and ring fingers, upon 
the diaphragm and exercise a measured amount of pressure, one, two, 
three or four ounces, as the case might be. By means of a plate 
(n, p. 303), fastened beneath the membrane to one of the legs of the 
tripod, it was possible to have the subject approximate the fingers, 
above with the thumb, below in a prehensile attitude, without, how- 
ever, bringing them in contact, and again with a measured amount 
of pressure. This attitude is not incomparable with that assumed, for 
instance, by the watchmaker in the execution of fine movements or 
by the surgeon in the performance of delicate operations. 
In using the tambours, one of these (the transmitter) either was 
placed upon the lap of the subject, with the fingers gently applied, or 
was held between the partially flexed fingers and thumb, while the 
other (the receiver), through the intermediation of the style, was 
brought in relation with the smoked paper mounted upon the revolv- 
ing kymographic apparatus. 
In the course of this study upward of 1100 individual observations 
were made on more than 100 different persons. Nearly all of the 
subjects were derived from the Infirmary for Nervous Diseases— 
physicians, surgeons, nurses, patients—the last almost exclusively 
from the large clinical service of the Infirmary, generously placed at 
my disposal by the attending physicians, Drs. S. Weir Mitchell, 
Wharton Sinkler and Morris J. Lewis. A number of cases came from 
the private practice of Dr. Mitchell, and several professional col- 
leagues kindly volunteered their services for the study of the tremor 
of the healthy. Watchmakers were studied through the courtesy of 
Messrs. Bailey, Banks and Biddle; and a number of men from the 
Old Men’s Home afforded material for the study of the tremor of the 
aged. 
While the results reached are not entirely satisfactory, in conse- 
quence partly of the inherent difficulties of the investigation and 
partly of mechanical deficiencies, they have still developed a number 
of interesting facts. 
It was definitely determined that a tremor could be demonstrated 306 
A Graphic Study of Tremor 
in healthy persons. This was to have been expected, as every mus- 
cular movement is made up of a series of alternate contractions and 
relaxations, occurring ordinarily with such frequency as to escape 
detection with the unaided eye.* As the frequency of contraction 
and relaxation diminishes, the tremor increases. The occurrence of 
tremor in healthy persons is further supported by the testimony of 
other observers, f 
In a general way it was found that the frequency of movement 
bore an inverse relation to its extent, that is, the wider the range, the 
smaller the number of movements. This observation is of the utmost 
significance, as. it largely negatives the likelihood of distinctiveness 
for the tremor of any disease, the extent of movement under any cir- 
cumstances being extremely variable and influenced by various tem- 
poral conditions. Corroboration of this attitude is found in the state- 
ment of Fernet,:}: that the more frequent the muscular contraction 
occurring spontaneously or induced electrically, the less pronounced 
the tremor. Further confirmation of this position is found in the 
statement of Huber,§ that the rate of contraction varies in different 
muscles of the same individual, and in the same muscles on different 
days. Gowers 11 also found considerable variations in the movements 
of different parts of the body of the same individual. Peterson f 
observed in cases of paralysis agitans that the movements were fewer 
in number as they were coarser, and that the rate of vibration differed 
in different parts of the body, and in the same part on different days. 
Those acts were performed with the least tremulousness which the 
subject was mostly in the habit of executing (see Tracings 1, 2, 3, 4, 
* If any one have doubts upon this subject, let him attempt to hold steadily 
in his hand a glass of water or other fluid and view the surface. In this 
connection I am reminded of an incident related of a skilled surgeon, noted 
especially for his steadiness of hand, who when spoken to upon the subject 
by a junior colleague was unwilling to admit that his hand shook. On plac- 
ing, however, the fingers in a vessel of water, the rippling disturbance of its 
surface at once proved the contention of the younger man. If a photo- 
graphic reproduction of the waves of motion generated under these condi- 
tions could be made, it might prove serviceable in such a study as has here 
been undertaken. 
f Debove and Boudet, loc. cit.; Horsley and Schaefer, loc. cit.; Beaunis, 
qiioted by Wolfenden and Williams, loc. cit. 
J Loc. cit. 
§ Loc. cit. 
|| Gowers, Diseases of the Nervous System, 1888, p. 1000. 
jf Peterson, New York Med. Journal, October 11, 1890, p. 393. Augustus A. Eshner 
307 
Plates XXIY-XXYII). Thus the watchmaker, the laryngologist 
and the eye surgeon displayed less movement in the exercise of less 
pressure than in that of more, while those unaccustomed to delicate 
manipulations displayed more movement under the same conditions, 
and less under the reverse. Ughetti* records, on the contrary, that in 
his observations the amplitude of the oscillations increased with 
the amount of pressure. Whilst the tremor of most morbid states is in- 
creased by intended movement, and that of the healthy state is prob- 
ably induced by the same influence, it seems that in the trained hand 
the movement may, under these conditions, be reduced to a minimum, 
as a result of extreme delicacy of co-ordinative adjustment, either 
natural or acquired, and it may further be that some sense of security 
or guidance is derived from the performance of a well-defined and 
accustomed voluntary movement. The tremor was in general not 
appreciably influenced by the slight variations in pressure made. 
Tracings 1, 2, 3 and 4, Plates XXIY-XXYII, appear exceptional, in 
consequence of modifications dependent upon occupation and habitual 
movements. 
The extent of movement was ordinarily smaller when the thumb 
and fingers were approximated in the attitude of prehension than 
when the fingers alone were applied to the tremograph (compare 
Tracings 2 and 4 with Tracings 1 and 3). This is probably due to 
the sense of support afforded by the former attitude and to the inhi- 
bitory influence of a well-defined voluntary act. In general, also, the 
number of movements in the same case, at the same observation, was 
smaller as registered with the aid of the tambours than when shown 
by the tremograph. This is probably owing to the greater delicacy 
of the latter, as the finer movements are lost in transmission through 
the tambours. The mental attitude of the subject seemed to have an 
appreciable influence upon the tremogram, the more intelligent and 
the more careful displaying greater movement under the same condi- 
tions than the unintelligent and the indifferent. Familiarity with the 
necessary manipulations on the part of the subject also brought with 
it greater steadiness. 
The greatest frequency of movement computable was 10.7 per 
second, and was observed in a healthy individual and also in a hemi- 
* Ughetti, loc. cit. 308 
A Graphic Study of Tremor 
plegic; the smallest was 3, observed in a ease of posterior spinal 
sclerosis. The general average of movement among all of the obser- 
vations was 6.7. There was a good deal of uniformity of average 
under varying conditions when large numbers of cases were studied. 
On the other hand, the differences were more conspicuous among 
individual cases. 
In a number of conditions, and especially in cases of paralysis agitans 
and of the spinal scleroses, the movements of symmetrical parts of the 
two sides of the body seemed to be practically synchronous (even 
when differences in the range of movement existed), in so far as com- 
parative observations could be made (see Tracing 5, Plate XXVIII). 
When any difference existed between the movements of the two sides, 
it was slight and not constant. 
Most of the movements displayed a want of regularity or rhythm. 
This was especially noticeable in the slighter and ill-defined move- 
ments, as those of health. Those of paralysis agitans particularly, as 
well as those in a case of diffuse sclerosis suggestive of paralysis 
agitans, displayed as a rule a tendency to regularity and rhythm. 
The occurrence of secondary or dicrotic waves, and even of tertiary 
waves, was often noted in tracings from cases of paralysis agitans (see 
Tracing 6, Plate XXIX). It was also observed in two cases of multi- 
ple sclerosis, one of which was suggestive in some respects of paralysis 
agitans. This peculiarity, which has also been noted by Wolfenden 
and Williams* and by Peterson,! will account for the wide variations 
noted in some cases. Of course the number of movements is greater 
when these secondary waves appear and less when they are suppressed. 
In this connection Wolfenden and Williams go so far as to contend 
that the special characteristics that distinguish clinically the various 
forms of tremor are to be traced to two causes: (1) an exaggeration 
of the amplitude of the normal vibration; and (2) the fusion of vibra- 
tions, which has the effect of producing a relatively slow tremor, gen- 
erally of a rate corresponding to half that of the normal vibration. 
It was hoped, among other things, that this study would aid in the 
differentiation between multiple sclerosis and paralysis agitans, but 
in this respect we were disappointed. Often easy, the diagnosis be- 
tween these two conditions is at times exceedingly difficult. There 
* Loc. cit. 
■j- Loc. cit. Augustus A. Eshner 
309 
is reason for believing that the two affections are not unrelated both 
clinically and pathologically. At any rate it is probable that too 
much importance has been attached to the influence of rest and of 
voluntary effort respectively upon the tremor in the differentiation. 
In this connection it must not be forgotten that unequivocal cases of 
paralysis agitans may be unattended with appreciable tremor, either 
on account of its real absence or because of its concealment by the 
rigidity so often present. 
We have been able to demonstrate graphically a clinical observation 
made by Dr. S. Weir Mitchell, that in cases of paralysis agitans, for- 
cible extension of a finger of the shaking hand may temporarily 
restrain the movement of the hand (see Tracing 7, Plate XXX). 
That this interference is not merely mechanical is shown by the fact 
that the tremor soon recommences, even though the extension of the 
finger be maintained. Besides, similar restraint was sometimes ob- 
served when a finger of the opposite hand was thus extended. Some 
slight inhibition was at times induced by an effort of the will. Follow- 
ing the reduction in range of movement under these circumstances, 
there was usually an increase in the frequency. Closure of the eyes 
and of the opposite hand and the prick of a pin seemed to exercise only 
a transient disturbing influence, though occasionally an inhibiting 
effect was appreciable. In a case of choreal tremor, application of an 
Esmarch bandage to the arm was attended with a reduction in the 
range and rate of movement in the corresponding hand. 
I present herewith a summary of the results of our study (Table A, 
p. 311) and append also a tabulation from various sources of those 
obtained by previous investigators in the study of tremor (Table B, 
p. 312). These tables show the wide variations of movement under 
all conditions, and strengthen the opinion already expressed, that 
special forms of tremor are not characterized by special frequency 
of movement. Indeed, it is probable that they present as well no other 
absolutely distinguishing feature. 
CONCLUSIONS. 
From our observations I think the following propositions are justi- 
fied: 
(1) All muscular movements are made up of a series of elementarv 310 
A Graphic Study of Tremor 
contractions and relaxations in alternation, which may be appreciable 
as tremor in conditions of both health and disease. 
(2) The differences between different tremors are of degree rather 
than of kind, i. e. no one form of tremor is distinctive of any one 
disease or group of diseases. 
(3) Xo definite relation exists between one form of tremor and any 
other. 
(4) The frequency of movement is in inverse ratio to the amplitude 
and vice versa. 
(5) Habitual movements are performed with greater freedom from 
tremor than unusual movements. 
(6) There is no material difference between the movements of the 
two sides of the body, except as related to Proposition (5). 
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES XXIY-XXX. 
See description in text, pp. 306-309. 
(The tracings are to be read trom left to right.) 
Tracing 1 (tremograms).—From a watchmaker in health, 44 years old. 
a, the tremor attending delicate application with the right hand of a pair of 
forceps to the elastic diaphragm; &, the tremor from pressure of 1 oz. with 
the free fingers; c, that from a pressure of 2 oz.; d, that from a pressure of 
4 oz. The broken straight lines represent time in seconds. The range of 
movement is greater as the pressure increases. 
Tracing 2.—The curves are from the same case as Tracing 1 and were made 
under the same conditions, except that the fingers, above on the diaphragm, 
were approximated toward the thumb, below on the metallic plate, in the 
attitude of prehension. 
The range of movement is distinctly less throughout than in Tracing 1. 
Tracings 3 and 4 represent the same conditions as Tracings 1 and 2 respec- 
tively, except that the fingers of the left hand instead of the right were 
employed. The range of movement is in each instance greater with the left 
hand. The same relation as to range of movement holds between Tracings 
3 and 4 as between Tracings 1 and 2. 
Tracing 5 (two tambours).—From a case of paralysis agitans. Shows syn- 
chronism. The upper curve represents the tremor of the left hand, the 
lower that of the right. The broken straight line represents time in seconds. 
Tracing 6 (two tambours).—From a case of paralysis agitans, in which the 
tremor preponderates upon one side. Shows dicrotism. The upper curve 
represents the tremor of the right hand; the lower, that of the left. The 
broken straight line represents time in seconds. 
Tracing 7 (two tambours).—From a case of paralysis agitans. Shows the 
restraining influence of extension of the little finger of the tremulous 
member. 311 
tkemogeaph. 
Tamboubs. 
Right. 
Left. 
Right. 
Left. 
Max. 
Min. 
Aver. 
Max. 
Min. 
Aver. 
Max. 
Min. 
Aver. 
Max. 
Min. 
Aver. 
Health 
10.0 
4.5 
7.0 
10.7 
4.0 
6.7 
Senility 
8.5 
5.2 
6.8 
8.0 
5.2 
6.6 
Paralysis Agitans 
8.9 
5.2 
6.3 
8.5 
5.0 
6.3 
7.3 
4.5 
5.5 
7.8 
4.5 
5.5 
( Head. 
Max. 
Min. 
Aver. 
Multiple Sclerosis 
8.5 
7.3 
7.5 
9.3 
6.1 
7.3 
7.6 
4.5 
6.4 
8.0 
4.0 
6.0 
J Lateral. 
4.6 
3.3 
4.4 
Diffuse Sclerosis 
7.0 
6.0 
6.7 
7.0 
6.0 
6.6 
Ant.-Post. 
3.9 
3.3 
Posterior Sclerosis 
5.0 
3.6 
4.4 
5.3 
3.0 
4.4 
Postero-Lateral Sclerosis ... 
6.0 
6.0 
Hysteria 
10.0 
5.4 
8.0 
9.5 
4.9 
7.3 
7.5 
6.4 
7.0 
Neurasthenia 
9.0 
4.5 
7.0 
8.9 
4.8 
7.0 
Exophthalmic Goitre 
10.0 
4.7 
7.4 
9.0 
4.4 
6.9 
Writer’s Neurosis 
8.5 
5.4 
6.9 
8.8 
5.9 
7.6 
Melancholia 
7.3 
4.7 
6.3 
5.9 
5.5 
5.6 
Right Hemiplegia 
5.5 
4.0 
4.8 
10.0 
8.3 
9.2 
Left Hemiplegia 
10.7 
9.0 
9.6 
6.0 
5.5 
5.6 
10.5 
9.0 
9.8 
8.5 
Chorea 
5.1 
5.0 
5.0 
5.0 
3.9 
4.0 
3.6 
3.8 
Goitre 
8.0 
5.5 
7.3 
10.0 
5.0 
6.4 
General Neuritis 
7.5 
5.2 
6.5 
7.5 
5.2 
6.6 
Chronic Alcoholism 
9.0 
8.0 
8.5 
8.5 
8.0 
8.3 
Pendulum Tremor 
6.2 
5.8 
6.1 
Arsenical Poisoning ........ 
7.5 
7.4 
7.5 
6.8 
4.9 
Head. 
Max. 
Min. 
Mean. 
Torticollis 
. . I 
7.6 
7.9 
7.6 
7.8 
TABLE A.—Summary. 312 
Dana 
Peterson 
Wolfenden and Williams 
Dutil 
Fernet 
Gowers 
Charcot 
Marie 
Pere 
Horsley 
Ewald 
Grashey 
Huber 
Eshner 
Dana 
Peterson 
Wolfenden and Williams 
Dutil 
Fernet 
Gowers 
Charcot 
Marie 
P6re 
Horsley 
Ewald 
Grashey 
Huber 
Eshner 
6.1 
Pendulum 
Tremor. 
05 o 
b © 
Health. 
05 
Arsenical 
Poisoning. 
5.0 
5.5 
4.0-5.5 
4.5-5.5 
6.7 
Senility. 
7.6 
Torticollis. 
5.0-6.0 
Myelitis. 
3.0-6.1 
3.5-5.6 
5.1 
5.0-6.0 
4.8-7.0 
4.0-5.0 
5.0 
5.0 
4.1-5.3 
3.4-5.6 
5.9 
Paralysis 
Agitans. 
4.6-6.3 
5.8 
4.0-5.5 
3.0-5.0 
6.0-7.0 
7.0-10.0 
6.8 
Multiple 
Sclerosis. 
Progressive Mus- 
cular Atrophy. 
4.8-5.0 
Hemiplegia 
with Epilepsy. 
00 
Diffuse 
Sclerosis. 
pc 
o 
Posterior 
Sclerosis. 
© 
o 
Hemiplegia 
Embolism. 
!*- 1 
4- 00 
05 
to 
o 
o 
Postero-Lateral 
Sclerosis. 
5.0 
7.6-7.8 
5.5-7.5 
5.0-7.0 
7.4 
Hysteria. 
M 
© 00 
o o 
General 
Paresis. 
b ** 
10.0 
7.4 
7.1 
Neurasthenia. 
Mercurial 
Poisoning. 
8.0-9.5 
8.7-12.0 
10.8-11.5 
8.0-9.5 
8.0-9.0 
7.2 
Exophthalmic 
Goitre. 
Saturnine 
Poisoning 
Or 
*05 
Or 
Delirium 
Tremens. 
Writer’s 
Neurosis. 
6.0 
Melancholia. 
6.0 
6.0 
5.5 
8.0-10.0 
Lateral 
Sclerosis. 
-3 
© 
Right 
Hemiplegia. 
00 
Left 
Hemiplegia. 
8.0-9.0 
Hereditary 
Tremor. 
4.5 
Chorea. 
Goitre. 
10.0 
Quinin. 
05 
General 
Neuritis. 
001 
001 
8'8-S‘8 
Epilepsy. 
6.2 
8.5-11.0 
8.0-9.0 
8.4 
Chronic 
Alcoholism. 
TABLE B. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE. 
VOL. II. 
PLATE XXIII. 
Fig. 1. 
Tremograph with Kymographion. 
Tambours with Kymographion. 
Fig. 2. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE, VOL. I 
PLATE XXI 
T RACING 1, THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE. VOL. II. 
PLATE XX 
TRACING 2. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE. VOL. II. 
PLATE XXVI. 
Tracing 3. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE. VOL. II. 
PLATE XXVII. 
TRACING 4. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE. VOL 
PLATE XXVIII 
TRACING 5. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE. VOL. II. 
PLATE XXIX. 
TRACING 6. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE. VOL. II. 
P-LATE XXX. 
+ Finger extended. 
Tracing 7.