INTERNATIONAL HEALTH
RESEARCH ACT OF 1960

Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, I move to
suspend the rules and pass the resolu-
tion CH.J. Res. 649) relating to the au-
thority of the President, the Secretary
of Health, Education, and Welfare, and
the Surgeon General of the Public Health
Service to provide for international co-
operation in health research and re-
search training, and for other purposes,
with amendments,

‘The Clerk read the resolution, as fol-
lows

Be ‘ie enacted by the Senate and House of
Representatives of the United States. of
America in Congress assembled,

SHORT TITLE

Srerion 1. This joint resolution may be
cited as the “International Health Research
Act of 1860”,

PURPOSE OF RESOLUTION

Src, 2. It is the purpose of this joint reso-
lution—

(1) to advance the status of the health
sciences in the United States and thereby
the health of the American people through
cooperative endeavors with other countries
in health research, and research training;
and °

(2) to advance the intenational status of
the health sciences through cooperative en<
terprises in health research, research plan-
ning, and research training.

AUTHORITY OF SURGEON GENERAL

Sec. 3. Part A of title IIT of the Public
Health. Service Act (42 U.S.C., ch. 6A). is
amended by adding immediately after sec-
tion $07, the following new section:

“INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

"Sno, 808. (a) To carry out the purposes
of clause (1) of section 2 of the International
Health Research Act of 1960, the Surgeon
General may,.in the exercise of his authority
under this Act and other provisions of law
to conduct and support health research and
research training, make such use ‘of health
research and research training resources in
participating foreign countries as he may
deem necessary and desirable.

“(b) In. carrying out his responsibilities
under this section the Surgeon General
may—

(1) establish and maintain fellowships in
the United States and in participating for-
eign countries; .

“(2) make grants to. public institutions or
agencies and to nonprofit private institu-
tions or agencies in the United States and in
participating foreign countries for the pur-
pose of establishing and maintaining fellow-
ships;

‘“3) make grants or loans of equipment,
medical, biological, physical, or chemical
substances or other materials, for use by
public institutions or agencies, or nonprofit
private institutions or agencies, or by indi-
yiduals, in participating foreign countries;

“(4) participate and otherwise cooperate
in any international health research or re-
search training meetings, conferences, or
other. activities;

“(5) facilitate the interchange between
the United States and participating foreign
countries, and among participating foreign
countries, of research scientists and experts
who are engaged in experiments and pro-
grams of research or.research training, and in

carrying out such purpose may pay per diem >

compensation, subsistence, and travel for
such scientists and. experts when away from
their places of residence at rates not to ex-
ceed those provided in section 5 of the Ad-
rinistrative Expenses Act of 12946 (5 U.S.C.

CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE | 18231

78b~-2) for persons in the Government serv=
ice employed intermittently; and

“(6) procure, in accordance with the] pro~
visions of section. 15 of the Administrative
Expenses Act of 1946 (5 U.S.C. 55a), the
temporary or intermittent services of ex~
perts or consultants; individuals so em-
ployed shall receive compensation at a rate
to be fixed by the Secretary, but not in ex-
cess of $50 per diem, including travel time,
and while away from their homes or regular
places of business may be allowed travel
expenses, including per diem in lieu of sub~-
sistence, as authorized by section 5 of the
Administrative Expenses Act of i946 (5
U.S.C. 73b-2) for persons in the Government
service employed intermittently.

“(c) The Surgeon General may not, in the
exercise of his authority under this section,
assist in the construction of buildings for
research or research training in any foreign
country.

“(d) For the purposes of this section—

- “(1) The term ‘health research’ shall in-
clude, but not be limited to, research, ine
vestigations, and studies relating to causes
and methods of prevention of accidents, in-
cluding but not limited to highway and
aviation accidents. :

“(2) The term ‘participating foreign
countries’ means those foreign countries
which cooperate with the United States in
carrying out the purposes of this section.”

AUTHORITY OF SECRETARY

Sac. 4 (a) To carry out the purposes of
clause (1) of section 2 of this Act, the Sec
retary of Health, Education, and Welfare
(hereafter referred to as the “Secretary”)
may in the exercise of his responsibilities
under the Vocational Rehabilitation Act (29
US.C., ch. 4) and the Act entitled “An Act
to establish in the Department of Commerce
and Labor a bureau to be known as the Chil-
dren’s Bureau", approved April 9, 1912, as
amended (42 U.8.C., ch. 6), and any other
provision of law, to conduct and support
health research and research training, in-
cluding research and research training re-
lating to the rehabilitation of the handi-
capped, make such use of health research
and research training resources in participat-
ing foreign countries as he may deem neces-
sary end desirable.

(>) To carry out his responsibilities un-
der this section the Secretary may—

(1) establish and maintain fellowships in
the United States and in participating for-
eign countries;

(2) make grants to public institutions or
agencies and to nonprofit private institu-
tions or agencies in the United States and
in participating foreign countries for the
purpose of establishing and maintaining
fellowships;

(8) make grants or loans of equipment,
medical, biological, physical, or chemical
substances or other materials, for use by
public institutions or agencies, or nonprofit
private institutions or agencies, or by in-
dividuals, in participating foreign countries;

(4) participate and otherwise cooperate
in any international health or medical re-
search or research training meetings, con-
ferences, or other activities;

(5) facilitate the interchange between the

nited States and participating foreign
countries, and among participating foreign
countries, of research scientists and experts
who are engaged in experiments and pro-
grams of research or research training, and
in carrying out such purpose may pay per
diem compensation, subsistence, and travel
for such scientists and experts when away
from their places of residence at rates not
to exceed those provided in section 5 of the
Administrative Expenses Act of 1946 (5
U.S.C. 725-2) for persons in the Government
service intermittently employed; end
13232

(6) procure, in accordance with the pro-
visions of section 15 of the Administrative.
Expenses Act of 1946 (5 U.S.C. 55a), the
temporary or intermittent services of ex-
perts or consultants; individuals so em-
ployed shali receive compensation at a rate
to be fixed by the Secretary, but not in ex-
cess of $50 per diem, including travel time,
and while away from their homes or regular
places of business may be allowed travel ex-
penses, including per diem in lieu of sub-
sistence, as authorized by section 5 of the
Administrative Expenses Act of 1946 (5
U.S.C.-'73b-2) for persons in the Govern
ment service employed intermittently.

(c) For the purposes of this section—

(1). The term “health research” shall in-
élude, but not be limited to, research, inves-
tigations, and studies relating to causes and
methods of prevention of accidents, includ-
ing but not limited to highway and aviation
accidents.

(2) The term “participating foreign coun<
tries”. means those foreign countries which
cooperate with the United States in carrying
out the purposes of this section.

AUTHORITY OF PRESIDENT -

Sec. 5. (a) It is the sense of Congress that
the President. should use his authority un-
der the Constitution and laws of the United
States to accomplish the purposes of section
2 of this joint resolution and in accomplish-
ing such purposes (1) use to the fullest ex~-
tent practicable foreign currencies or credits
available for utilization by the United
States, (2) enter into agreements to use for-
eign currencies and credits available to other
nations for use with the agreement of the
United States, and (3) use any other foreign
currencies and credits which may be made
available by participating foreign countries.

(b) To carry out the purposes of section
2 of this joint resolution the President, in
cooperation with participating foreign coun~
tries, is authorized: to encourage, support,
and promote the planning and conduct of,
and training for, research investigations,
experiments, and studies in the United
States and in participating foreign countries
relating to the causes, diagnosis, treatment,
control, and prevention of diseases and im-
pairments of mankind (including nutri-
tional and other health deficiencies) or to
the rehabilitation of the handicapped.

(c) To carry out his responsibilities under
this joint resolution the President may—

(1) establish and maintain fellowships in
participating foreign countries;

(2) make financial grants to establish
and maintain fellowships, and for other
purposes, to public institutions and agencies
and to nonprofit private institutions and
agencies, and te individuals in participating
foreign countries, or contract with such insti-
tutions, agencies, or individuals without re-
gard to sections 3648 and 3709 of the Revised
Statutes of the United States;

(3) make grants or loans of equipment,
medical, biological, physical, or chemical
substances or other materials, for use by
such institutions, agencies, or individuals;

(4) furnish technical assistance and ad-
vice. to such institutions or agencies and in
carrying out such purposes may pay the
compensation and expenses of scientists and
experts from the United States and other
participating foreign countries;

(5) facilitate the interchange among par-
ticipating foreign countries of scientists and
experts (including the payment of travel
and subsistence for such scientists and ex-
perts when away from their places of
residence) ; .

(6) cooperate and assist in the planning
and conduct of research, research planning,
and research training programs and projects
by groups engaged in, or concerned with, re=
search or research training endeavors in the
health -sciences, and, through financial
grants or other appropriate means, assist ia

CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE

special research, research planning, or re-
search training projects conducted by or
under the auspices of such groups where
they can effectively carry out such activities
contemplated by this joint resolution;

(7) encourage and support international
communication in the sciences relating to
health by means of calling or cooperating
in the convening, and financing or con-
tributing to the financing of the expenses
of, international scientific meetings and con-
ferences; and provide, or arrange for thé
provision of, translating and other services,
and issue or finance publications, leading to
@ more effective dissemination of relevant
scientific information with respect to re-
search conducted in the United States or
participating foreign countries.

(d). The activities authorized in this sec-
tion shall not extend to the support of
public health, medical care, or other pro-
grams of an operational nature as contrasted
with research and research training nor
shall any of the grants authorized by this
section include grants for the improvement
or extension of public health administration
in other countries except for necessary re-
search and research training in the science
of public health and public health admin-
istration.

(e) The President is authorized, to the
extent he deems it necessary to carry out
the purposes of section 2 of this joint resolu-
tion, to employ experts and consultants. or
organizations thereof, as authorized by sec-
tion 15 of the Administrative Expenses Act
of 1946 (5 U.S.C, 55a), and create a com~-
mittee or committees to be composed en-
tirely of persons who are citizens of the
United States to advise him in the adminis-
tration of this joint resolution; individuals
so employed and members of committees
shall be entitled to receive compensation at a,
rate to be fixed by the President, but not to
exceed $50 per diem, including travel time,
and while away from their homes or regular
places of business they may be allowed travel
expenses, including per diem in lieu of sub-
sistence, as authorized by section 5 of the
Administrative Expenses Act of 1946 (5
U.S.C. 73b-2 for persons in the Government
service employed intermittently.

(2) The President may delegate any au-
thority vested in him by this section to the
Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare.
The Secretary may from time to time issue
such regulations as may be necessary to carry
out any authority which is delegated to
him under this section, and may delegate
performance of any such authority to the
Surgeon General of the Public Health Serv-
ice, the Director of the Office of Vocational
Rehabilitation, the Chief of the Children’s
Bureau, or other subordinates acting under
his direction.

(g) In order to carry out the purposes of
section 2 of this joint resolution, and sub-
ject to section 1415 of the Supplemental
Appropriation Act, 1953, the President may
use or enter into agreements with foreign
nations or organizations of nations to use the
foreign currencies which accrue under title I
of the Agricultural Trade Development and
Assistance Act of 1954, and the Mutual Se=
curity Act of 1954, or which are otherwise
available for utilization by the United
States. The President is authorized to agree
to the utilization by foreign nations, for pro=
grams designed to carry out the purposes of
section 2 of this joint resolution in coopera=
tion with the United States, of amounts
deposited in special accounts pursuant to
section 142(b) of the Mutual Security Act
of 1954, to the extent that the amounts in
such accounts exceed the requirements of
other programs covered by. such section
142(b). Such utilization of amounts in spe=
cial accounts shall be without regard to the
second proviso in clause (iii) of such section
142().

June 2h

(bh) The President shall transmit to the
Congress at the beginning of each regular
session, a report summarizing activities un-
der this section and making such recom-~-
mendations as he may deem appropriate.

(i) For the purposes of this section—

(1) The term “health research” shall in-~
clude, but not be limited to, research; in-
vestigations, and studies relating to causes
and methods of prevention of accidents, In-
cluding but not limited to highway and
aviation accidents.

(2) The term “participating foreign coun-
tries” means those foreign countries which
cooperate with the United States in carrying
out the purposes of this section,

OTHER AUTHORITY

Sec. 6. Nothing in this joint resolution
shall be construed to repeal or restrict au-
thority vested in the Fresident, the Secre-
tary of State, the Secretary of Health, Edu-
cation, and Welfare, the Surgeon General
of the Public Health Service, or any other
officer or agency of the United States by any
other provision of law.

The SPEAKER.
manded?

Mr. BENNETT of Michigan. Mr.
Speaker, I demand a second.

The SPEAKER. Without objection,
a second is considered as ordered.

There was no objection.

EXPLANATION OF HOUSE JOINT RESOLUTION
649 (INTERNATIONAL HEALTH)

Mr, HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, the pur-
pose of the resolution as stated in sec-
tion 2 of the bill is, one, to advance the
status of the health sciences in the
United States through cooperative en-
deavors with other countries in health;
two, to advance the international status
of the health sciences through coopera~
tive enterprises in health research, re-
search planning, and research training.

In order to accomplish these purposes,
the legislation would vest certain powers
in the President--section 5-- and would
vest other powers in the Secretary of
Health, Education, and Welfare—sec-
tion 4—- and the Surgeon General—
section 3.

The powers vested in the President,
the Secretary, and the Surgeon General
are designed to supplement each other.

SURGEON GENERAL’S POWERS

The previsions of the resolution re-
lating to the responsibilities of the
Surgeon General with respect to the
establishment of fellowships and the
making of research grants are primarily
a restatement of present powers of the
Surgeon General with regard to fellow-

Is a second de-

‘ships and grants with the explicit ex-

pression of the sense of the Congress
that these powers be exercised without
regard to national boundaries wherever
such fellowships or grants can best ac-
comolish the purposes of this act, the
Public Health Service Act, and related
provisions of law.
SECRETARY'S POWERS

Section 3 would grant powers with re-
gard to fellowships and research grants
to the Secretary of Health, Education,
and Welfare in carrying out his re-
sponsibilities under the Vocational Re-
habilitation Act, under the act which
established the Children’s Bureau and
under other provisions of the law. The
Secretary would be authorized to estab-
lish fellowships and make grants wher-
1960

ever research in the fields of rehabilita-
tions and child welfare can best be car-
ried out without regard to national
boundaries.

The powers which would be granted to
the Secretary of Health, Education, and
Welfare with regard to making. grants
in the field of child welfare are new
powers, since the Secretary does not
have. research grant authority in this
fieid.

PRESIDENT’S POWERS

Section 5 of the bill would grant au-
thority to the Président to maintain
fellowships, make grants, and otherwise
facilitiate cooperation with foreign
countries in the field of health research,
research planning, and research train-
ing. It expresses the sense of the Con-
gress that the President should use for
these purposes, to the fullest extent
practicable, foreign currencies or credits
which are generated by the Agricultural
Trade Development and Assistance Act
of 1954—involving the sale of surplus
agricultural commodities—by the Mu-
tual Security Act of 1954, or by other
foreign. programs.

The powers granted to the President
under this legislation essentially are not
new powers but merely reemphasize
powers already granted to the President
under the Mutual Security Act and other
jaws. The bill would stress the use of
these Presidential powers in the interest
of international health research.

HEARINGS . :

The Subcommittee on Health and
Safety conducted extensive hearings on
July 21-23 and August 4-6, 1952, on Sen-
ate Joint Resolution 41 and a number of
House bills substantially identical with
the Senate passed bill—House Joint Res-
olution 370, by Representative Focarty;
House Joint Resolution 211, by Repre-
sentative McGovern; House Joint Reso-
lution 237, by Representative THomMPsON
of New Jersey; House Joint Resolution
293, by Representative CHIPERFIELD;
House Joint Resolution 443, by Repre-
sentative HaLprrn; and House Joint
Resolution 361, by Representative Ros-
ERTS. Substantially all of the witnesses
who appeared favored the purposes of
the legislation.

Supplemental hearings were held by
the subcommittee on February 9, 1960,
with particular reference to the question
of availability of foreign currencies for
use in connection with international
health research.

As a result of the hearings and exten-
sive consideration of the subject of in-
ternational health research, a clean
bill—House Joint Resolution 649—was
introduced by Representative KENNETH
Roserts, chairman of the Health and
Safety Subcommittee.

PRINCIPAL DIFPERENCES BETWEEN HOUSE JOINT
RESOLUTION 649 AND SENATE JOINT RESOLU«
TION 41
Senate Joint Resolution 41 provides

for the establishment of a new Institute

at the National Institutes of Health for
the purpose of promoting international
health research,

Senate Joint Resolution 41 would vest
in the Surgeon General exclusively, the
powers proposed to be granted by this

CONGRESSIONAL RECORD —- HOUSE

legislation and would authorize an ap<
propriation of $50 million annually.

_ House Joint Resolution 649, as amend-
ed in committee, does not previde for the
establisnment of a new Institute,

It would grant certain powers to the
President for the purpose of advancing
the international status of the heaith
sciences as distinguished from the pow~
ers granted to the Surgeon General and

. the Secretary of Health, Education, and

Welfare for the purpose of advancing
the status of the health sciences in the
United States.

It would not specifically authorize new
appropriations to carry out the purposes
of this legislation but, with respect to
the Presidential authority, would aim at
utilizing foreign currencies and credits
for these purposes.

EXPLANATION OF SECTION 5(2) RELATING TO
USE OF FOREIGN CURRENCIES

In order to carry out the purposes of
the bill as set forth in section 2, subsec~
tion (g) of section 5 of the bill provides:
First, for the use by the President direct-
ly, or through agreements with. foreign
nations cr organizations of nations, of
foreign currencies accruing to the United
States, or otherwise available for utiliza
tion by the United States: and, second,
for the utilization by foreign nations,
with the agreement of the President, of
foreign currencies subject to the jeint
control of the United States and such
nations.

A number of permitted uses of foreign
eurrencies are listed in subsection (a)
through (p) of section 104 of Public Law
480. Section 5(g) of the bill would add
to these potential uses, the use of these
currencies by the President directly or
through agreements with foreign nations
to carry out the purposes of this bill.

The President is authorized to agree to
the utilization of amounts deposited in
special accounts pursuan$ to section
142(b) of the Mutual Security Act of
1954 to the extent that there are amounts
in excess of the other programs covered
by section 142(b) of that act.

Section 142(b) of the Mutual Security
Act of 1954 requires that when defense
support funds are used to finance grants
of commodities, the recipient. country
rust deposit in a special account the
local currency proceeds which it derives
from the commodities. Of these pro-
ceeds a small amount is normally turned
over to the United States for paying cer=
tain U.S. expenses and the balance is
owned by. the other country and is avail-
able only for uses agreed to by the United
States. The United States may agree to
use of such funds to carry out any pur-
pose for which new funds authorized
under. the Mutual Security Act of 1954
would themselves be available. Thus to

. the extent that these funds are not now

used for the purposes for which they
may be used, they would be available to
carry out the purposes of this bill.
Clause (iii) of section 142(b) of the
Mutual Security Act of 1954 restricts the
utilization of excess amounts in all
special accounts to not to exceed the
equivalent of $4 million. This restric
tion is waived in the case of the utiliza-
tion of such amounts in special accounts
for carrying out the purposes of this bill.

13233

_ Section 1415 of the Supplemental Ap-
propriation Act, 1953, provides that
foreign eredits owed to or owed by the
U.S, Treasury will not be available for
expenditure by agencies. of the United
States except as may be provided for an.
nually in appropriation acts.

The use or utilization of funds under
subsection (g) of section 5 of the bill is
made subject to this provision of law re-
quiring specific appropriation.

Mr. Speaker, I yield 10 minutes to the
gentleman from Alabama [Mr. Rosrrrsi,
the author of the bill, who conducted
the hearing, and whose committee pre-
sented this matter to us for consid<
eration.

The SPEAKER. The gentleman from
Alabama is recognized for 10 minutes.

Mr. ROBERTS. Mr. Speaker, the bill
we are considering today is one that
comes to the House as a preposal from
the other body which was supported over
there by 64 Members of the Senate. It
is a proposal that the senior Senator
from the State of Alabama, Lister Hit,
has been interested in for some time.

The bill in the Senate sought to pro-
vide for the construction of a new Insti-
tute for International Health Research.
It would have authorized the appropria-
tion of $50 million a year in hard dollars
for the purpose of cooperation with the
other nations of the world in finding
some new answers to cancer which kilis
200,000 people every year; in other words,
a city almost the size of Little Rock, Ark.,
disappears every year because of that
disease; to find some new answers in the
field of heart disease which takes roughly
about 800,000 people a year, and to seek
to find some of these answers in other
countries of the world.

We know that: knowledgé of how to
split the atom which resulted in the de-
velopment of the. atomic bomb came
through the work of some brilliant Ger-
man scientists, Meitner, Streseman, and
Beathe, the great Italian scientist Fermi,
and Niels Bohr, who was a Norwegian.
We know that many of the advances we
have made in the field of medicine have
come to us from people of other nations;
for instance, penicillin fr6ém England,
although we found the way to develop it
in large quantities. The X-ray came to
us from the Germans. The great ad-
vances made in the field of mental heaith
and the cure of mental disease came to

_us as the result of the work of an Indian

doctor, who studied the use of rauwolfia
which led to the discovery of equinil, mil-
town, and many tranquilizers that are
rapidly emptyine the mental institutions
of our country.

When the committee started consider-
ing this we called before us many erni-
nent scientists and doctors, Dr. Howard
Rusk, Dr. Sidney Farber of Boston, Dr.-
Ravdin, chairman of the board of the
college of surgeons, who operated on the
President. ,

We also heard Gen. Omar Bradley on
this question, and many eminent men
from every part of the Nation, who said
that through the program set out in this
bill we could accomplish a great deal of
good.

You will remember that in 1957 when
we were threatened with an epidemic of
13234

the Asian flu we did not have a vaccine
with which to combat it, yet before the
time it was to strike our shores, because
of the advanced medical knowledge of our
doctors we were able to develop an effec-
tive vaccine and- probably prevented
many thousand deaths in this country.
Certainly many of you will remember
the tremendous onslaught of the Spanish
flu.

Mrs. BOLTON. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?

Mr. ROBERTS. I yield to the gentle-
woman from Ohio.

‘Mrs. BOLTON. The gentleman spoke
of an institute. As I read the bill, I do
not see anything about an institute. It
asks for general cooperation.

Mr. ROBERTS. The institute feature
was eliminated by the House committee.

We see this bill as an effort at better co-

operation. We think we already have
enough institutes.

Mrs. BOLTON. That was my thought.

Mr. ROBERTS. We believe that the
Secretary of HEW, Surgeon General, and
the NIH can farm out some of these prob-
lems te existing institutes.

Mrs. BOLTON, I thank the gentie-
man.

Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?

Mr. ROBERTS. I yield to the gentle-
man from Towa.

Mr. GROSS. Can the gentleman give
us any idea of how: many millions of
dollars we are already spending on this
sort of thing all over the world?

Mr, ROBERTS. Well, I can tell the
gentleman we are spending some money.
I think the grants that have been ad-
vanced by NIH amount to about 2 per-
cent of their appropriation. I would say
we are spending perhaps around $6
or $7 million in hard money, But
this bill does not call for hard money; it
simply uses the money that we already
have in foreign currencies in these vari-
ous countries that will be affected. There
is no new money in this bili. We are
simply trying to swap some surplus food
for health and to try to find some an-
swers in the field of cancer, arthritis,
muscular dystrophy, and other things.

Mr. GROSS. In the gentleman’s
opinion, what will happen when we run
out of the counterpart funds, as we will
some day? How do you propose to dump
this program once it is started?

Mr. ROBERTS. When we see the end
of surplus commodities, I can answer
the question. I do not see that end right
now. ,

To continue with my explanation, this
pill simply attempts to utilize the foreign
currencies that we have accumulated un~
der Public Law 480. Many of the govern-
ments of the world have those funds.
In some we would not have to execute
agreements to make these funds avail-
able for health research purposes; in
some others we will have to execute
agreements in order to spend some
money in these countries. I cannot
believe that this will call for any big
expenditure.

if you. will review the history of the
foreign aid programs, you will find the
technical assistance programs have
brought us the most benefits, they have

- work with a very difficult,

CONGRESSIONAL RECORD —- HOUSE

accomplished. the greatest amount of
good, yet they have been the least expen-
sive. In the field of technical assistance
we have medical assistance, teaching
people methods of cleaning and securing
pure supplies of water, and things of
that kind.

This bill came out of the subcommittee
unanimously. There were one or two.
votes against it in the full committee. T
believe it is a bill that you can vote for,
and strike the hardest blow against can-
cer, mental disease, tuberculosis, and
many of these other diseases that plague
mankind.

Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?

Mr. ROBERTS. I yield to the gentle-
man from Arkansas, - .

Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, I wish to
compliment the gentleman and the mem-~
bers of his subcommittee who have done
such a magnificent and fine piece of
complicated,
and controversial problem. ‘The gentie-
man, of course, is aware of the fact that
the other body passed a bill and sent it
over to us that would have authorized
the appropriation of $50 million in the
field of international health... Recogniz-
ing the need and the importance of a
cooperative program in international
health research, the gentleman and his
committee held hearings and overcame
most of the opposition and rewrote the
bill completely.

The committee has reported it to the
House without any additional author-
ization for funds to be expended out of
the Treasury of the United States but
merely in cooperation with the inter-
national program that we have. It per-
mits the use of soft currencies that have
already been built up in the participat-
ing countries to be used in international
health and research. I think the gen-
tleman.and the members of his commit-
tee are deserving of the highest compli-
ments for the fine work they have done.
Mr. ROBERTS. I thank the gentle-
man. :

Mr. LAIRD. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?

Mr. ROBERTS. I yield tc the gen-
tleman from Wisconsin.

Mr, LAIRD. I would like to know just
exactly what this bill does. Last year
we spent $3.5 million of U.S. currencies
on an international health: program.
The Senate bill which was passed the
other day contained $7 million, We are
presently “appropriating counterpart
funds under the normal appropriation
procedure to be used in the field of in-
ternational health. We have some 50
research grants in international health
that are handled by soft currencies at
the present time. In the appropriation
bill passed just a few months ago we
authorized further use of soft currencies.
What does this bill do that we presently
are not doing?

Mr. ROBERTS. TI will say to the gen-
tleman that certainly he knows and the
Members of the House know that we
have been spending in these fields con-
siderable money, but it was the feeling
of our committee that this bill will bring
these programs into focus. The Presi-
dent under this bill must submit an

June 2h

annual report of the activities in these
fields, and he will be assisted by an ad-
visory committee of prominent citizens
of the United States, and we believe we
can eliminate the use of hard dollars.
And, instead of buying refrigerators for
the Eskimos and dress suits for Grecian
undertakers, we can spend some of these
soft currencies in the field cof health and
we can get some hew answers.

Mr: HEMPHILL. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?

Mr. ROBERTS. I yield to the gentle-
man from South Carolina.

Mr. HEMPHILL. I notice on page 4,
line 14, the Surgeon General is given
certain authority, and in defining health
research your subcommittee has written:

The term “health research” shall include,
but not be limited to, research, investiga-
tions, and studies relating to causes and
methods of prevention of accidents—

And soon. Does that language mean
that if the Surgeon General thinks it is
proper and his superior thinks it is
proper, some of this may be used in fields
such as physical therapy and podiatrics
and chiropractics and things of that
kind?

Mr. ROBERTS. I do not think the
Surgeon General would be precluded
from. investigations in those fields. We
have had one example of the use of
bamboo instead of expensive metals in
building prosthetic appliances which are
very much more economical, There is
a great supply of it. And, we think if
this will rehabilitate maimed people,
then this would be the way to doit. And,
we say under the bill that the Surgeon

‘General has that authority.

Mr. FOGARTY. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?

Mr. ROBERTS. TI yield to the distin-
guished gentleman from Rhode Island
who introduced similar legisiation and
who is recognized in this House, of
course, as a champion of the cause of
health research.

Mr. FOGARTY. Mr. Speaker, I want
to congratulate the gentleman and his
committee for reporting out this bill, As
everyone knows, this idea was born with
the President’s state of the Union mes-
sage in January 1958, delivered in this
Chamber. He recommended an inter-
national attack on such leading killers
of human beings as cancer, heart dis-
ease, and mental illness. I thought it
was received at- that time through the
press and amongst the medical people of
our country as a forward step.. It was
thought we could make more friends by
distributing some of our information
while at the same time getting informa-
tion from other countries; because most
men of medicine now say that the
chances of our discovering cancer or
heart disease are remote unless we have
the help and cooperation of people in
foreign countries who have some of the
know-how.

Mr. ROBERTS.
man.

(Mr. ROBERTS asked and was given
permission to revise and extend his re-

I thank the gentle-

marks.)

Mr. BENNETT of Michigan. Mr.
Speaker, I yield myself 4. minutes.
1960

Mr. Speaker, I do not think anyone
in this House is opposed to spending all
necessary funds for research, both on
the domestic level and in the interna=
tional programs. But there is no evi=
dence before our committee or before
this House that there is any need for
this tyve of legislation. When the gen-
tleman from Alabama [Mr. Roperts]
talks about a cure for cancer, or the
number of people who die each year
from cancer, everybody recognizes the
seriousness of that problem, and every-
body knows the millions of dollars that
are being spent by this Government.and
the millions of dollars that are being
spent by private corporations and pri-
vate foundations to find the answer to
this and other serious diseases which
are plaguing our people. But just more
money is not the answer. There is no
proof that the money that is being ap-<
propriated now for this purpose is in«
adequate.

Mr. Speaker, I should like to point out
that this bill does not add one single iota
of additional authority that does not
exist under present law. Under the
Mutual Assistance Act the President of
the United States has authority to spend
U.S. dollars for research projects in for-
eign countries to the extent that he sees
fit if they promote the mutual security
program. Under existing law the Presi-
dent of the United States has full and
complete control of counterpart funds
which have been assigned to the United
States and which the gentleman from
Alabama discussed as they relate to the
provisions of this bill. The Surgeon
General of the United States under the
Public Health Service Act has all of the
authority and all of the money he needs
to spend on international research.
Last year, for example, for the kind of
projects that are referred to in this bill
the Surgeon General spent $3.5 million
on research in foreign countries. I
cannot, for the life of me, see the need
or the necessity for this kind of legisla~
tion unless it is only to set up another
organization to do the things that inter-
national organizations and our domestic
departments already have the authority
to do and for which money in ample
amounts has been appropriated and will
continue to be appropriated.

Mr. HEMPHILL. Mr. Speaker, will
the gentleman yield?

Mr. BENNETT of Michigan. TI yield
to the gentleman.

Mr. HEMPHILE. I think it should be

. pointed out here, and I think our friend
will confirm this, that the legislation
caime to us from the Senate carrying an
authorization of $50 million. our
committee felt strongly that the money
should come from counterpart funds; so
we rewrote the legislation and removed
the appropriation from the Federal
Treasury, substituting appropriations
out of counterpart funds; is that not cor=
“rect? , :

Mr. BENNETT of Michigan. ‘The bill
that was passed in the other body pro-
vided an authorization of some $50 mil-
lion as an annual amount that may be
expended for this purpose. The gentle~
man from Alabama [Mr. Roserts] and
his committee cut that figure to $10

CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE

million. When they brought the bill be=
fore the full committee anc opposition
to the program developed, a motion was
made to take the $10 million out of the
bill, so that when the bill was reported
there was no specific authorization for
the expenditure of any hard dollars.
But let me point out that if this bill is
passed and goes to conference the ques-
tion of the arnount of money that may
be put in the bill will depend on what
the conferees decide to put into it—the
difference between $50 million that is in
the Senate bill and zero here.

Mr. HEMPHILL. That was my point
in this colloquy I am having with the
gentleman from Michigan. I just want
to go on record as a committee member

as saying there would be no appropria- .

tion from the Treasury of the United
States but the money would come from
counterpart funds or we would not have
this provision.

Mr. BENNETT of Michigan. Even if
the House passes this bill and the Senate
accepts it with no specific authorization
in it, the House and Senate Appropria-
tions Committees can nevertheless ap-
propriate money under the authority
provided for under this legislation.

Mr. MEADER.. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?

Mr. BENNETT of Michigan. I yield
to the gentleman from Michigan.

Mr. MEADER. May I draw the atten-
tion of the gentleman to the top of page
12, line 3, which reads:

In order to carry out the purposes of
section 2 of this joint resolution, and sub-=
ject to section 1415 of the Supplemental Ap-
propriation Act, 1953, the President may use
or enter into agreements with foreign ha-
tions or organizations of nations to use
the foreign currencies which accrue under
title I of the Agricultural Trade Develop-
ment and Assistance Act of 1954,

Does that mean that funds to finance
this program can be found without re-
sort to the Appropriations Committee
and the approval of that committee and
the Congress in our regular appropriat-
ing procedures? Does this authorization
bypass the Appropriations Committee?

Mr. BENNETT of Michigan. No; I
do not think it dees. It does not give
any additional authority to spend money,
either our United States funds or coun~-
terpart funds, without the scouting of
the Appropriations Committee.

Mr. LAIRD. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?

Mr. BENNETT of Michigan. I yield
to the gentleman from Wisconsin.

Mr. LAIRD. This House bill would
authorize fellowships, grants, and the in-
terchange of scientists for the purpose of
supporting health research and training
on an international basis. Every au-

thority granted is already in existing law.

The Senate bill did provide for an In-
stitute of International Health. This
bill completely nulifies the purpose of the
Senate bill and should be defeated for
that reason.

Under existing authority, the U.S.
Public Health Service has, first, an intere
national fellowship program supporting
fellowships for students from over 30
nations; second, research grants to in-
stitutions in 15 foreign countries; and

13235

third, training programs in which health
workers from 33 foreign countries par-
ticipated last year.

In addition both the House and Sen<
ate have included in the 1961 Labor-
BEW bill funds for two new interna~-
tional programs for health research, us-
ing foreign currencies generated under
Public Law 480-—$3,707,000 to the Pub-
lic Health Service, $930,000 to the Of-
fice of Vocational Rehabilitation, and
the Senate in the 1961 HEW added an
additional $7 million. —

I can understand what the bill did as
it came from the Senate but I cannot
understand what this bill does as it comes
from the gentleman’s commitice. At
the present time grants are being made
to individual doctors, individuals all over
the world. We have grants in Israel,
we have grants in France, we have
grants in many countries all over the
world, direct research grants where they
are working on various problems.

In addition to that we are contributing
$500,000 for WHO's international med-=
ical research program and have offered
to contribute a greater amount. We are
urging a higher appropriation by WHO
for this purpose. In addition to that,
last year we authorized through the Ap-
propriations Committee the spending of
$170 million-in the area of international
health, Of that $170 million in the 1960
budget bills for international health,
$55 million was expended In counterpart
funds. :

What I cannot understand, and I have
not been able to get an answer to this
question, is, How does this bill as
amended by the House committee do
anything that is not presently authorized
in law? If this question is. not an-
swered I will oppose the House amend=
ment to the Senate-passed bill.

Mr. BENNETT of Michigan. The an«
swer is that it does not. The bill does
not provide. for one single bit of au-
thority either delegated to the President
or any other agency that does not pres-
ently exist in the law. If such is not the
ease, then I call on the gentleman from
Alabama [Mr. Roszertrs] to point out in
what respects, if any, this bill adds any-
thing to existing law.

Mr. ROBERTS. At the present time
I grant that programs are in existence
and we are spending dollars on programs
and they are executed in different parts
of the world. .This bill will bring these
programs into focus. The President
would report on activities under this bill
and you will get something for your lo«
cal currencies in these various countries.

Mr. BENNETT of Michigan. In an-
swer to the question of the gentleman
from Alabama, the President already
has the authority to do what he pleases
with these counterpart funds.

Mr. ROBERTS. Then I will say to
the gentleman, if the President has that
authority, why does he not use that au-
thority instead of coming here and say-
ing in his State of the Union Message
that he wants additional legisiation.

Mr. BENNETT of Michigan. This bill
eannot make him use his authority nor
give him any additional authority.

Mr. LAIRD. I would like to state that
we presently are using counterpart
13236

funds for medical research grants made
jn Israel at the present time. You will
find counterpart funds are used. We
are purchasing the counterpart funds
from the Department of Agriculture and
we carry an appropriation in the appro-
priation bill for the Department of
Health, Education, and Welfare. in
which the purchase is made. The Com-
modity Credit Corporation is reimbursed
for the counterpart funds that we are

using on individual projects in Israel. ~

Now in some countries, we do not have
any counterpart funds and we are using
some hard dollars, but this bill does not
change that one icta. .

Mr. DERWINSKI.
the gentleman yield?

Mr. BENNETT of Michigan.
to the gentleman from Tilinois.

Mr. DERWINSEL I would like to ask
a few questions which intrigue me. I
do not know whether I should direct
them to the gentleman from Michigan
or the gentleman from Alabama.

As I read this, this is supposed to be
for an international health research act.
But, the statement was made we were to
use counterpart funds which we have ac-
cumulated in various countries. What
do we do for money in countries where
we have not accumulated counterpart
funds? Do we start using hard dollars
there? .

Mr, ROBERTS. We may not have a
program there, but we have about 26
countries where we do have counterpart
funds or credits.

Mr. DERWINSEI. Do we understand
then that international health problems
are only located in these countries that
have existing counterpart funds? Is
that the implication? ‘

Mr. ROBERTS. That would be cor-
rect. That would be the intent of the
bill to the extent feasible.

Mr. DERWINSKI. Does this bill also
imply that we have abandoned any hope
of ever putting these counterpart funds
to use in countries and that we are just
looking for a means of spending the
money; is that the implication of the
bill? .

(Mr. BENNETT of Michigan asked
and was given permission to revise and
extend bis remarks.)

Mr.
Speaker, I yield 5 minutes to the gentle-
man from Ohio [Mr. ScHENcE].

Mr. SCHENCK. Mr. Speaker, it has
been a great privilege for me to serve
as ranking Republican member of the
subcommittee on health and safety with
my colleague, the gentleman from Ala-
bama [Mr. Roserts]. I want to pay
tribute to him for the splendid job he
has done. Our subcommittee on health
and safety conducted extensive hearings
on this entire matter. Our subcommittee
was completely convinced as to the value,
purpose and reason for this bill.

_ Mr. Speaker, there is an international
language of good health and scientific
development in these cpportunities for
research and work in human health.
Certainly, there are opportunities
throughout the world by scientists in all
countries in developing new methods and
hew discoveries in health measures. So
if seems to us this is a splendid way te

Mr. Speaker, will

I yield

BENNETT of Michigan. Mr. -

CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE

take advantage of some of these funds
which are accruing to our Nation as the
result of the operation of Public Law
480 and other public laws. So, Mr.
Speaker, I urge the adoption of this bill.
Mr. Speaker, in my years in the House
of Representatives there have been few
resolutions presented on which we have
had such substantial agreement among
the witnesses who testified as on House
Joint Resolution. 649. I cali to your at-
tention that during its hearings on this
legislation the Subcommittee on Health
and Safety of the Committee on Inter-
state and Foreign Commerce had testi-
mony from 64 individuals and organiza-
tions. Among the individuals were many
of the top scientific leaders of our coun-
try. Such men as Dr. Michael E. De
Bakey, Baylor University; Dr. Sidney
Farber, Children’s Hospital, Massachu-
setts; Dr. Thomas Francis, University of
Michigan; Dr. I. 5S. Ravdin, University
of Pennsylvania; and Dr. Frederick J.
Stare, Harvard School of Public Health.
All of our national voluntary health
agencies and professional organizations
have endorsed the proposals behind this
legislation. It makes sense to them and
it makes sense to me that since scientific
research in health, medicine and rehab-
ilitation can be conducted in other na-
tions at very little, if any, cost to the
United States through the use of foreign
currencies that we should take advantage
of this’ unusual opportunity. The
United States owns vast amounts of the
national currencies of a number of other
nations as the result of the sale of sur-
plus agricultural commodities under
Public Law 480. I am sure all of us
hope these sales will continue and that
additional money in the national cur-
rencies of other countries will become
available. It makes commonsense to me
that if we have rupees in India, pounds
in Israel and denarius in Yugoslavia
which will not be used that these funds
should be invested in research in health,
medicine, and rehabilitation not only
for the benefits which will accrue to

those countries in which the research -

is being conducted but more important
that such research will make a substan-
tial contribution to improved health in
the United States. ,

(Mr. SCHENCK asked and was given
permission to revise and extend his re-
marks.)

Mr. BENNETT of Michigan. Mr,
Speaker, I yield 2 minutes to the gentle-
man from Iowa [Mr. Gross].

(Mr. GROSS asked and was given
permission to revise and extend his re<
marks.)

Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, it has been
a long time since I have seen a bill pro-
viding more consultants and advisers, all
of which add to the costly bureaucracy.
Now do not tell me that you will pay
the President’s Advisory Committee
members with foreign counterpart funds.
And do not tell me you will pay the con-~
sultants who can be hired without limi-
tation out of counterpart funds.

‘Mr. Speaker, this is one of the big-
gest boondoggles that has been before
the House in @ long time. There will
certainly come a day when there will be
no counterpart funds. What are you

June 2h

going to use then but American dollars
because the demand will increase to
build hospitals, and do all of these things
in foreign countries.

Mr. ROBERTS. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?

Mr. GROSS. No; I cannot yield as I
only have 2 minutes. Iam sorry I can-.
not yield.

Mr. ROBERTS. The gentleman does
not want te leave the Recorp in error.
There is an express prcehibition against
any building to be built with counterpart
funds in this bill. -

Mr. GROSS. The gentleman will re-
eall that a few days ago a bill was put
through the House which provided for a
hospital to be built in Poland out of
counterpart funds.

This is going to be a splendid bill for
the Secretary of Health, Education, and
Welfare, I would like it as a personnel
empire builder proposition if I were the
Secretary, especially since it is. provided
that the President can delegate all of his
powers to the Secretary. So when you
vote for this bill it should be with the
understanding you are building up Mr.
Flemmings’ bureaucracy.

The SPEAKER pro tempore. The
time of the gentleman from Iowa [Mr.
Gross] has expired.

Mr. BENNETT of Michigan. I yield
the gentleman 2 additional minutes.

Mr. JOHANSEN. Mr. Speaker, will
the gentleman yield?

Mr. GROSS. I yield to the gentleman
from Michigan.

Mr. JOHANSEN. The gentieman
touched on a point I wanted to ask
about. Does he believe it is possible to
have this additional expanded program
without additional bureaucracy and ad-~
ditional personnel that cannot possibly
be paid out of counterpart funds?

Mr. GROSS. Of course the gentle-
man is right. The gentleman knows
that when this bill goes to conference
with the Senate there will be hard Amer-
ican dollars put into this program and
plenty of them. They cannot finance
this in any other way and if the money
is not appropriated this year you can be
sure it will be demanded in 1961.

Mr. DENTON. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?

Mr. GROSS. I yield to the gentleman
from Indiana.

Mr. DENTON. As I understand, we
have spent money this way for some
time, using 480 funds for research. In
the last session we provided there must
be appropriated in a special appropria-
tion bill, and we appropriated money. to
be used for this purpose.

Does this bill change that law. in any
way which requires an appropriation te
pe made?

Mr. GROSS. I do not know, but I am
very much interested.

Mr. LAIRD. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?

Mr. GROSS. I yield to the gentleman
from Wisconsin.

Mr. LAIRD. It does not. We would
still appropriate U.S. dollars to purchase
counterpart. It makes no change in the
present law. -

Mr. GROSS. I am opposed to this
bill. Lhope it is rejected,
1960

The SPEAKER pro tempore. The
time of the gentleman from Iowa has
again expired, |

Mr. BENNETT of Michigan. Mr.
Speaker, I yield 2 minutes to the genitle~
man from Michigan (Mr. Maver].

(Mr. MEADER asked and was given
permission to revise and extend his re-
marks.)

Mr. MBEADER. Mr. Speaker, I am
puzzled about two features of the bill
that have been called to my attention.

First, I notice that the Surgeon Gen-
eral, on page 2, line 22, will establish and
maintain fellowships in the United
States, and in participating foreign
countries. If this bill is limited to the
expenditure of foreign currencies, I do
not see how those foreign currencies are
going to be used to pay for fellowships
in the United States.

Mr. JUDD. Mr. Speaker, will the gen-
tleman yield?

Mr. MEADER. I yield to the gentile-
man from Minnesota.

Mr. JUDD. Beginning at the bottom
of page 3, the bill says he is to procure
individuals at a compensation, and so
forth, to be fixed by the Secretary, but
not in excess of $50 per diem. That cer
tainly is dollars, not foreign currencies.
Later in the bill the original language is
stricken out which authorized the ap-
propriation of dollars, but the rest of the
bill has not been brought into harmony
with that deletion.

Mr. MEADER. The gentleman con-
firms my opinion,

Under the Senate bill, which provided
for dollars, this made sense, but when
you limit it to foreign currency it does
not make sense.

I asked the gentleman from Michigan
[Mr. BENNETT] about the language on
page 12. T see the gentleman from New
York (Mr, Taper] present, and I.call his
attention to that language.

I want to know whether or not that .

authorizes the bypassing of the Appro-
priations Committee and using counter-
part funds for international research
purposes.

Mr. TABER. Mr.
gentleman yield?

Mr. MEADER, T yield to the gentie=
man from New York.

Mr. TABER. The language on page
42 of the bill states that the President
may enter into agreement with foreign
nations or organizations and nations to
use foreign currencies which come under
title I of the Agricultural Trade Devel-
opment and Assistance Act of 1954. I
do not know what else you would call it.

Speaker, will the

Mr. JUDD. Mr. Speaker, will. the
gentleman yield?

Mr, MEADER. T yield.

Mr. JUDD. I think the gentleman

from New York did not read the condi-
tional clause “subject to section 1415 of
the Supplemental Appropriation Act of
1953.” That language makes it clear
that the foreign currencies cannot be
used without going through the appro-
priating process.

Mr. MEADER. ‘The gentleman will
assure me, will he, that the. Appropria<
tions Committee can review foreign cur-
rencies devoted to this program so that
they can fit this in with dollar appro-«

No, 117-19

CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE |

priations and other appropriations of
foreign currencies so that we can see. it
all and that we are not bypassing the
Appropriations Committee?

Mr. JUDD. I can give that assurance.
T do not see how under this language it
would be possible to bypass the Appro-=
priations Committee in the appropria-
tion or use of either dollars or foreign
currencies.

Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, I yieid 2
minutes to the gentleman from New York
(Mr. O’Brien].

Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield?

Mr, O'BRIEN of New York. I yield.’

Mr. HARRIS. The gentleman from
Minnesota is eminently correct; the Ap-
propriations Committee cannot be by=
passed. It is made clear and plain be-
ginning with line 4, page 12 of the bill.

Mr. O'BRIEN of New York. Mr.
Speaker, I have listened with attention
and sympathy to the arguments of the
gentleman from Iowa in the past when
he has referred to giveaways. I feel that
this bill is as far away from being a give~
away as any bill which we could pass in
this Congress.

What we are doing in this bill is get-

‘ting something back, something very

precious: We are exchanging soft money
for hard medical knowledge which will
save American lives. To me that is the
overriding consideration.

I think we should note that in one
of the Washington papers in the last day
or two there was an estimate that our
so-called soft money. around the world
might rise as high as $154 billion by the
year 2000. I personally would like to
dip inte that a little bit, if I can, to
save the lives of some of my friends and
constituents.

Mr. BENNETT of Michigan. Mr.
Speaker, I yield myself the balance of
my time.

Mr. Speaker, I have great respect and
admiration for my colleague from New
York who just spoke to you, but I think
the record ought to be straight here
about what this bill does.

The bill does not extend authority to
the President of the United States or to
anyone else to use the so-called soft cur-
rencies or counterpart funds that he
does not already have today. I chal-
lenge anyone on this floor to point out
to me where the language of this bill
enlarges present law in any single respect
for the President to use counterpart
funds for this ocr any other purpose.

Mr. JUDD. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?
'Mr. BENNETT of Michigan. I yield

to the gentleman from Minnesota.

Mr. JUDD. The committee report at
the bottom of page 3 read: ;

The powers granted to the President un-
der this legislation essentially are not new
powers but merely reemphasize powers al-
ready granted the President under the Mu-
tual Security Act and other laws.

I am in favor of all of the chjectives
of this piece of legislation. But I can-
not see any reason for passing it, It is
completely unnecessary.

Mr. BENNETT of Michigan. Tt is a
perfectly meanineless piece of legislation,
What is proposed here is nothing that
cannot be done under existing law, and

13237

the money is already available for that
purpose, or will readily be made avail-
able.

Mr. LATRD. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?

Mr. BENNETT of Michigan. TI yield.

Mr. LAIRD. I would like to point out
to the distinguished ranking minority -
member of the Interstate and Foreign
Commerce Committee that the Commit-
tee on Appropriations has never denied
$1 for the purchase of any foreign cur-
rency to carry on any medical research
program any place in the world. We
have not turned down any requests for
dollar appropriations in this area.

Mr. BENNETT of. Michigan. We do
not need this bill to carry on this type of
research.

Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, I yield
the balance of the. time on this side to
the gentleman from Rhode Island [Mr.
FoGartTy]}.

(Mr. FOGARTY asked and was given

permission to revise and extend his re-
marks and to include extranecus mat-
ter.)
' Mr. FOGARTY. Mr. Speaker, I
should like to speak in support of House
Joint Resolution 649, the International
Health Research Act of 1960. I have
waited a long time to address this House
in the critical moments of the debate
on this measure to extend U.S. participa-
tion in medical research on an interna~
tional basis. Just short of a year ago, I
rose to urge expeditious action by
this body on Senate Joint Resolution
41, the so-called health for peace bili
introduced by Senator Hin. Senate
Joint Resolution 41, as many of you may
remember, was a broad and far-reaching
measure providing for positive action by
the Federal Government in mobilizing
the world’s scientific resources in an all-.
out attack upon disease, disability, and
iil health. It had passed the Senate in
May of 1959 with the overwhelming vote
of 63 to 17. It had enthusiastic support
from the major health organizations of
the country and many persons of emi~
nence in the health sciences, indusiry,
and public affairs.

Unfortunately, the bill was opposed by
the administration. Not in principles or
purpose, mind you, but—and this is a
familiar pattern—because its specific
provisions were considered undesirable.
First, it would cost too much money.
Second, it provided for a new Institute
at the National Institutes of Health for
its administration. This was considered
unnecessary. ‘Third, the international
program authorized by the bill was con-
sidered to be a foreign policy matter;
therefore, the program should be linked
with the State Department andICA, and .
carried out under the immediate supervi-
sion of the President.

This was the basis of the administra-
tion’s opposition to this bill. These view-
points were advanced with vigor and
effect. The administration’s spokesman,
however, seemed to have been completely
oblivious to the fact that this legislation
is a direct result of the inspiring proposal
made by President Hisenhower in his
state of the Union message—made to this
Congress on January 9, 1958. In that
message he urged an international cam-
"42998

paign, and I quote, “against the diseases
that are common enemy of all mortals—
such as cancer and heart disease.” This
broad concept was reiterated by Dr, Mil-
ton Eisenhower when, speaking in behalf
of the President, he pledged the support
of the United States for an international
medical research program, in his opening
address before the lith World Heaith
Assembly in Minneapclis in May of 1958.
Senator Hint and I, in introducing this
initial legislation—the forerunner of
Senate Joint Resolution 41 and House
Joint Resolution 649 that we are consid-
ering now—specifically stated that the
purpose was to provide the means to
carry out the pledges made by the Pres-
ident in respect to U.S. support of inter-
national health research. :

The Hill bill had other opposition. It
was opposed by those who considered it
just another giveaway program. Just
one more way for U.S. dollars to be
thrown down a “rat hole” with no bene-
fit to the United States to be gained at
all, This I believe to be a most distress~
ingly short-sighted view. A view which
ignores the whole recent history of ad-
vances in the medical sciences. Tt is
a view oblivious to the fact that much
of the great progress that the United
States has made in its health and medi-
cal programs has been utterly dependent
upon knowledge which has come from
abroad or which we have gained through
collaborative work with health scientists
of other nations. .

Participation in -research, research
training, and research planning on an
international basis is important to the
United States for two fundamental rea-
sons:

First, regardless of the magnitude of
our national research efforts—and I have

_ striven in the Appropriations Committee
to assure adequate funds for research—
many of our major research problems—
cancer, heart disease, mental iiInmess, and

_ others—cannot be solved within our na-
tional boundaries.

We cannot ignore the progress that
other: countries have made in dealing
with ‘these same health problems.
Through study and observation of their
health efferts and their approaches to
common health problems, we can gain
great benefit in dealing with these same
problems in. the United States of Amer-
ica. The committee report cites elo-
quent examples of the knowledge to be
gained from observing the experiences
of others. ©

We cannot ignore the shifting patterns
of infectious and communicable disease
in this age of jet transportation and
the known propensity of viruses to
change their character and virulence.
Only through joining with the health
scientists of other nations. in worldwide
networks of observation, research, and
testing can we achieve maximum protec-
tion.

We cannot ignore the talents and capa=

_ bilities of foreign scientists who can
make substantial contribution to the
solution of disease and health probiems
of particular urgency to the United
States. Providing for their support and
advanced training in carefully planned
programs, is to me an essential part of
eur national research effort,

CONGRESSIONAL RECORD —- HOUSE

We cannot overlook the primary les<
son of the history of science—all knowl.
edge is interdependent-——no single find-
ing has meaning except in the context of
all related findings regardless of where
they occur. We must provide for the
closest association between our health
scientists and those.of other countries.

The second fundamental reason why
this bill is important is because it clearly
sets forth the. view that the support and
conduct of the health sciences.on an in-
ternational basis can do much to ad-

vance international objectives of impor-.

tance to the United States.

I believe support of medical research
and collaborative.work with the other
ecuntries in this field can do far more
toward achieving our foreign policy ch-
jectives than a great deal of the effort
and funds that we put into military and
economic assistance programs.

tI think we have overlooked the rela-
tionship ef health to productivity and
thus to economic advancement. A
worker that is a sick man produces only
as sick men produce. He frequently
consumes more than he contributes.
Here is a quote from a report I read the
other day which portrays this situation
vividly:

The economies of the underdeveloped
areas that circle the globe are almost entirely
extractive, largely agricultural, and whether
on a subsistence basis or at the level of ex-
port, productivity stems chiefly from the
physical capacity of human labor.

Millions upon millions of the workers are
staggering under the load of debilitating dis-
eases, their physical and mental growth
stunted by hookworm, their feet ulcerated
with yaws, their strength sapped by schis-
tosomiasis or African sleeping sickness and

. their initiative drained by malaria.

They scratch the soil to feed their own
intestinal worms which consume not a
negligibie fraction of their scarce food (and
of our relief shipments). The malaria, the
worms and most of the other diseases give
them an enervating anemia invisible be-
neath their dark skins, leading to what is
casually referred to as tropical apathy. The
word “manana” often simply signifies
anemia. ;

The visitor, if he is not. blind to the rela-
tion between the yield of a hoe and the
strength of the hand that holds it, readily
senses the loss in productivity. What he
does not see is the stunted growth, the loss
of initiative, the dulled mind, the distortion
of the entire age structure of the population
and the deep and permanent effect on cul=
ture itself and hence on the capacity to ab«
sorb, utilize or even to be interested in pro=
posals for economic development.

US. collaboration in research pro=
grams aimed at controlling the major
infectious diseases which beset millions
of people in the world is 2 venture which
can only engender goodwill. John T.
Connor, president of Merck & Co., made
this point well in speaking in support of
legislation in this area:

The International Medical Research Act
stirs the imagination with its opportunities
for a new breakthrough in international re-
lations as well as in medical research. It
can give a new dimension to foreign affairs
and a new versatility to U.S, foreign policy.
It can excite the universal support and en=
thusiasm for an international program that
America has not seen since inauguration of
the point 4 program of technical assistance.

June 2h

Dr. I. S. Ravdin, vice president for
medical affairs of the University of

Pennsylvania, made a similar point:

This Nation has long realized that a lack
of concern for the problems of the health
of people leads all too frequently to pov-
erty, to diseases which sap the physical and
mental vigor of people, and finally to revolt.
We who have gained so much from the re-
search of our own scientists and those from
other countries, where good research has
jeen and is being done, must realize that .
the more quickly we can assist those less
fortunate to begin to achieve what we have
so fortunately achieved, the more quickly
universal understanding will be won in our
troubled world,

This, I believe, was the objective being
sought by the President when he uttered
the words I quoted at the beginning of
my remarks, Although I have found
frequent reason to disagree with him in
the past on this point, I am wholly in
accord.

Looking to the future over the debris
of the summit and the canceled visit to
Japan, we must find a way to clear-
ly and unequivocally set forth our
international objective—mutual under-
standing. amongst all peoples and the
maximum well-being of man.

The passage of House Joint Resolution
649 I believe to be an essential and time~-
ly step in. that direction.

Unfortunately, it is not as strong a bill
as I had hoped would be presented to
this House. The opposition to the iegis-
lation to which I referred earlier has had
a substantial effect upon the course of
the legislation we are considering today.
The original Hill-Fogarty bill and the
identical companion bills introduced by
several other of my colleagues have been
effectively bottled up in committee. My
very good friend the gentleman from
Alabama [Mr. Roprrrs], in an effort to
reconcile the differences and overcome
opposition to this legislation, introduced
a substantially modified version of the
Hill bill in the form of House Joint Reso<-
lution 649. It is this bill—further sub<
Gued as a result of amendment in com-
mittee—that we have before us today.

May I take a moment to acknowledge
this considerable achievement on the
part of Mr. Roperts? The favorable re-
porting of this bill, and preparation of
the magnificent report which accom~
panied it, deserve the highest acclaim.
Despite my disappointment with the
specific terms of the present House Joint
Resolution 649—-the necessary conse-
quence of compromise—the fact that
such a bill has been favorably reported
in time for definitive action in this Con-
gress is a considerable victory. A victory
from which I firmly believe the Nation—
indeed the world—-stands to benefit.

Senate Joint Resolution 41 has now
become House Joint Resolution 649.
They are vastly different pieces of legis-
lation. The critics cf Senate Joint Reso-
lution 41 have been, in large part, an-
swered.

The provision for a National Institute
of International Medical Research has
been stricken. The programs proposed
can be administered as the Surgeon Gen-=
eral of the Public Health Service, the
Secretary’ of Health, Education, and
Welfare, and the President see fit.

 
1960

The problems of foreign polisy are
carefully provided for by a two-part. di-
vision in the bill: Gne directed toward
advancing the health sciences in the
United States under which the Surgson
General and the Secretary of Health,
Fducation, and Welfare act; the other
directed toward advancing the interna~
ticnal status of the health sciences un-
der which the President may act,

The broad objectives and specific au-
thorities and operating provisions which
make Senate Joint Resolution 41 such a
challenging piece of legisiation have dis-
appeared,

As it stands, House Joint Resolutio
649 does not in essence add to or change
the present authorities of the Surgeon
General and the President to support
medical research overseas. It does add
to the authorities of the Secretary in
this respect, particularly in the case of
the Children’s Bureau,

I am convinced, however, that the
specific authorities conveyed by House
Joint Resolution 649 are not the matter
at issue here today, I believe the im-
portant action that will result from the
passage of this bill will be the explicit
erie ion of this House that the United

tates does have a substantial stake in
ihe furtherance of the health sciences
through the conduct and support of

medical research overseas and in collab-..

oration with other countries.

It is the clear emphasis that will be
given to this vital point, which I believe
to be the most important aspect of our
action here today.

I should like to say again what I have
said before in urging action upon leg-
islation providing for greater support of
international medical research:

I feel that each one of us in the Con-
gress—acting in behalf of cur own con-
stituents, the people of the United States,
and of people everywhere—must face the
fact that time is a current issue in both
of the objectives involved in this legisla-
tion. One is the conquest of disease:
the other is the promotion of good will
among men. We cannot let the oppor-
tunity slip through our fingers to take a
vigorous step in the attainment of these
objectives. I am sure I express the
strong consensus of the members and the
people when I urge that we act now to
give shape and substance to programs
which may make possible the significant
advances for the national welfare as well
as represent one of the finest expressions
of man’s concern for his fellow man.

Under previous consent, I include, as
part of my remarks, the following letters
and news articles:

WoRrLD REHABILITATION Funp, INC.,
New York, N.Y., April 11, 1958.
Mr. Rictarp CLARKE,
Executive Editor, The Daily News,
New York, N.Y.

My Drar Mr. CiarKe: May I extend the
deep gratitude of the World Rehabilitation
Fund to the Daily News, Mr. Eckert Good-
man, your staff photographers, and to you
for the excellent story which appeared in the
Daily News on Monday, March 31.

This article which combines the humani-
tarian, political, and economic objectives of
the World Rehabilitation Fund is one of the
finest which has appeared. It will be seen
and read not only by the millions of readers
of the Daily News but. by those interested in

CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE

the physically handicapped throughout the
world.

Mr. Goodman and the Daily News have
performed a public service of the highest
order by this clear, heart-warming story em-
phasizing that American industry and the
American people are concerned with human
values and the dignity of the individual not
only in our own Nation, but throughout the
world.

Sincerely,
Howarp A. Rusx, M.D.,
President.
[From the New York Daily News,
1958 |
TLATION EFFORTS WIN FRIENDS,
FLUENCE PEOPLES

(By Eckert Goodman)

Happily waving one of his brandnew arti-
ne arms, ® smiling, li-year-old Peruvian

y boarded an airliner at International Air-
eecien 6 weeks ago and took off for his home in
the rugged hills behind Lima.

Three months before, Orlando Collantes,
who lost his arms in a railroad accident at
the age of 5, had arrived at the New York
University-Bellevue Medical Center’s Insti-
tute of Physical Msdicine and Rehabilitation,
400 H. 34th Street.

The crippled boy, one of five children of a
widowed sugar plantation worker, had been
relatively heipless for nearly 6 years, until a
Peruvian affiiate of the International Union
for Child Welfare arranged his trip to New
York last fall.

At the Institute, Orlando was Atted with
tailormade prosthetic arms, and taught
how te use them. A pair of Spanish-speak-
ing technical trainees were on hand to help
the youngster learn to lift his plastic limbs

Mar, 31,

In-~

REHABIL

  

 

_and to operate the gleaming chrome hooks

that from now on will serve as his hands.
The apprentice technicians, studying here
on scholarships, were Mercedes Abella, an
eccupational therapist from Cuba, and Juan
Munros, a limbmaking student from Spain,
WHAT CAN BE DONE BY WORLD PROGRAM

“In a small but compelling way,” says Dr.
Howard A. Rusk, director of the Institute and
president of the World Rehabilitation Fund,
“Orlando’s case symbolizes graphically what
can be accomplished by an international pro-
gram in behalf of the physically handi-
capped.

“It also exemplifies why I'm convinced
that American leadership in this vitally im-
portant humanitarian field can win ws more
friendship among the ordinary citizens of
foreign nations that all the billions of dol-
lars we're contributing for their economic
relief and defense programs,

“Wherever Orlando goes and whatever he
accomplishes from now on, he’ll stand as a
living symbol of the American people’s con-~
cern for their fellow man.”

JUST A FRACTION OF WHAT’S NEEDED

Hlaborating on this point, Rusk hastened
to stress the limitations of what he meant:

It would be ridiculous to suppose that
even the sum total of U.S, hospital facilities
could treat more than a tiny fraction of the
free world’s millions of handicapped people.
Or that an organization infinitely richer than
the 3-year-oid, contribution-supported
World Rehabilitation Fund could begin to
afford the cost of their care and treatment.

“But there are ways in which an awful lot
of mileage can be gotten out of relatively
small amounts of money, when it’s judi-
ciously spent,” says Rusk.

On a small scale, the World .Rehabilita-
tion Fund has already put some of these
procedures into effect.

MODERN TECHNIQUES ARE TAUGHT HERE

Like the Peruvian boy’s trainee tutors,
more than 40 foreign doctors, technicians
and therapists from a score of different

13239

countries are currently learning rehabilita=
tion techniques at the Medical Center, or in
its affiliated service wards at such New York
hospitals as St. Vincent’s, Montefiore, Gold<
water Memorial and Elmhurst Gentral.

Nearly 85 percent of these students are
wholiy or partly supported by fellowship
grants and scholarships provided by the
World Rehabilitation Fund.

“When these men and women haye fine
ished their training and return to thelr own
countries,” says Rusk, “they'll be a to set
up their own rehabilitation clinics and
prosthetic appliance workshops, and to train
orher native medical personnel in their cp-

ration.”

"Bes ides supporting this educational pro-
gram, the fund has. assigned medical con-
sultants to such far-flung arsas as Burma,
Thailand, India, and Jordan; and it has as-
sisted in organizing rehabilitation. congresses
in Europe and Latin America,

The organization has shipped hundreds
of braces and artificial imbs to the Philip-
pines, South Korea, and other countries that
are in desperate need of them. Libraries of
periodicals and books on rehabilitation have

 
  

 

been sent to such nations as Poland, France,
Yugoslavia, Egypt, Lebanon, Denmark and
Australia.

Inspiration for founding the World Re-
habilitation Fund first came to Dr, Rusk 9
years ago, during a trip he made to Poland
as a physical medicine consultant for the
UN,

BE MET HUNDREDS WHO NEEDED HELP

“It- was impossible not to see the erying
need for such an organization, or to recog-
nize how important a role it could play in
our country’s. international relations,” re-
calls the doctor. .

“The hundreds of handicapped and in-
capacitated people I encountered, desperate!
in need of assistance, were almost pathet-
ically grateful for the vaguest suggestion of
help that might be given them.”

Today, 2 years after it began operations,
the Fund boasts as its honorary chairmen
former Presidents Herbert Hoover and Harry
Truman; Bernard M. Baruch and Dr. Albert
Schweitzer.

its list of 25 notable directors includes
such names as Norman Vincent Peale, Mrs.
Anna Rosenberg, Gens. Walter Bedell Smith
and David Sarnoff, Mrs. Bernard Gimbel and
ex-Gov. Paul G. Hoffman of New Jersey.

NEEDS ARE GROWING EVEN MORE. CRITICAL

The fund has never put on a public
money-raising campaign and has no inten-
tion of doing so now. It is supported wholly
by voluntary contributions from individuals,
corporations, and foundations, and carries
on its activities with minimal overhead, to
the extent that money is made available.

The need for increased effort on America’s
part in the international rehabilitation field
is, in Dr. Rusk’s opinion, becoming daily
more critical.

Outside the United States, there are at
least 65 million physically handicapped peo-
ple in the free world. About a third of
them could be treated and retrained to be-
come self-supporting members of their coni-
munities. .

The remainder, mostly children and older
people, could be made self-dependent in
their daily lives.

. According to the best estimates, Russia is
currently turning out some 27,000. doctors a
year, compared with the 7,000-odd we pro-
duce annually.

OUR TECHNIQUES, DEVICES ARE BEST

The Soviet doctor pool, it is reliably re-
ported, has already grown so large that many
Russian physicians are being used for the
Kinds of jobs to which we would usually
assign nurses and technicians.

“Tt seems obvious to me what the Reds
are planning to do,” says Rusk. “They in-

 
 

 

13249

tend to send their communism-indoctrinated
medical teams into backward parts of the
world where their healing activities will for-
ever be associated in the people’s minds with
Marxist doctrine.”

As the result of a 12-year-old U.S. Govern-
ment-sponsored artificial limb~ program in
behalf of wounded war veterans, Rusk says,
we have prosthetic devices and technical
know-how superior to any existing elsewhere
in the worid today.

“Just as we’re interested in sharing tech-
nical advances in nuclear energy for peaceful
purposes with the rest of the world,” argues
the doctor, “I am convinced. that we can
make’a significant contribution to the effec-
tive understanding of American ideals of
democracy, and the value we place on human
worth and dignity, by sharing our advances
in artificial limbs with the world.”

TWO-MILLION-DOLLAR EXPENDITURE NEEDED FOR
PROGRAM

For an expenditure of $2 miilion—tess than
the cost of a pair of experimental ICBM rock~
ets—Rusk estimates that the following ac-
tivities could be accomplished during the
course of the next 2 years:

Highly skilled medical consultants could
be sent to all parts of the free world to learn
what is most urgently needed.

Four completely equipped and staffed mo-
bile prosthetic shops could be established in
southeast Asia, the Near East, north Africa,
and South America, to spend from 4 to 8
weeks in various communities demonstrating
how braces and artificial limbs are fitted and
training wearers in their use.

Permanent rehabilitation centers under
American direction could be established in
Key parts of the world.

Parts to provide artificial limbs for more
than 40,000 amputees could be shipped to
areas most in need of them.

More than 100 additional trainees could
be brought to the United States for training
in physical medicine techniques.

All available technical Hterature and vis-
‘ual aids in rehabilitation currently on hand
in the United States could be translated and
published in various languages for interna-
tional distribution.

The rehabilitation trainees, says the doc-
tor, would join the 400 health workers now
receiving sdvanced training here under the
auspices of the International Cooperation
Administration. And, together with hun-
dreds of others receiving training from pri-
vate foundations, their own governments,
and their personal resources, they would be~
come permanent ambassadors of cur demo~
cratic ideals.

HE FEARS TIME IS RUNNING OUT

In view of Russia’s accelerated medical
training program, Rusk believes that time is
running out on us—much more rapidly than
most Americans are aware.

But he’s still hopeful. A born optimist,
with a notable fondness for inspirational
mottoes and epigrams, he has adopted as his
personal credo the words of an obscure 17th
century English philosopher:

“Tf every man would but mend a man, the
world would soon be mended.”

 

Tre New YoreE Tims,
Times Square, April 4,1958.
To the Epirors,
Newsweek Magazine,
New York, N.Y.

GENTLEMEN: This is a letter of deep per-
sonal appreciation for the magnificent decu-
mentation by Mrs. Marguerite Clark of the
story of Juan Yepez.

Juan. is not just one little boy born with-
out arms and legs in a far-away country.
He is symbolic of the need for understanding
and the recognition that arms and legs do
not make a man—spirit makes a man. Since
coming to our institute some 6 weeks ago,

Juan how speaks English Nke a veteran, In

CONGRESSIONAL RECORD —- HOUSE

fact, only last. week he acted as interpreter
for a wounded Columbian soldier whe had
just been flown in from Bogota. Juan is now
walking on his new legs with special crutches
which his small baby hands can fit into.
Everyone at the institute who has worked
with this amazing child has come to love him,
and he has had much love before he came to
us, for in spite of his rejection and abandon-
ment, he feels completely secure and is the
one who cheers up the other children in the
ward when they are overcorme by homesick-
ness.

Two children in the ward were talking re-
cently about “when we go home next week’’
and said to Juan, “When do you go home?”
ie was sitting on the windowsill, watching
the cars on the East River Drive when asked
the question and, looking far, far away, he
replied, “T only go home when I walk home.”
As president of the International Society for
the Welfare of Cripples, comprising 100 or-
ganizations from 30 countries all over the
world, I have seen this spirit from Korea to
Poland and from Haiti to Delhi, Here in the
courageous spirit of the disabled do we have
a common language.

Juan Yepez is a great symbol—a pright
light in a spiritually pray world. He epito-
mizes spiritually even more dynamism than
nuclear fission. When he walks back to
Bolivia, he will bring with him a new concept
of the dignity of the individual, for, verily,
“a little child shall lead them.”

Tam deeply grateful to you for the deep
sensitivity with which you have documented
the story of a great human being.

Sincerely,
Howangp A. Rusk, M.D.

[From Newsweek magazine, Feb. 21, 1955]
A Boy anp 4 MIRACLE

On a hot morning in 1951, a 5-year-old
boy, born without arms or legs, was found in
a trash can on a street in La Paz, Bolivia.
The little mestizo (mixed Spanish and In<-
dian blood) had no stumps, yet from his
shoulders grew two perfectly formed hands
and, from his hips, two strong feet. Taken
to a home for abandoned children, he was
“adopted” a year later by members of the
La Paz Rotary Club and was placed in the
American Hospital there. In no time, Juan

Iregoyen Yepexz becaime the pet of the place.

A handsome, alert youngster who picked
up English quickly, Juanito was well de~

. veloped physically, and from the usual run

of scarlet fever, whooping cough, and
measles he emerged tough and strong. He
learned to get from one place to another by
rolling about the hospital floor like a ball of
tumbiewced. He devised ways of using head,
chin, and mouth to suit his extraordinary
needs. With nimble fingers he learned to
feed himself. But in La Pag there was no
equipment with which to rehabilitate the
boy’s cruel double handicap.

Last summer a young plastic surgeon from
Kansas City, on a medical mission in Bolivia,
encountered Juan, then 8 years old, at the
American Hospital. Back in the States, the
surgeon described this unusual case to Dr.
Howard A. Rusk, director of the famous In«
stitute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilita-
tion, New York University-Bellevue Medical
Center, New York, Several children’s or-
ganizations became interested in the boy. An
airline, Panagra, offered to fly him to New
York. The Save the Children Federation
volunteered to act as his guardian, in addi-
tion to contributing money for his care at
the New York University-Bellevue Medical
Center. Last week, his third in New York,
Juan was a cynosure of American specialists’
attention.

LATE CARE

Cases of congenital amputation—the
medical name for this affliction—are not un-
common. Because of faulty genes, some 4.7
of 10,000 children are born without arms or

June 2h

legs or both. (Juan’s mother had two broth-
ers born without arms.) Many of these chil-
dren, even quadruple amputees Uke Juan,
have been fitted with artifiicial arms and
legs and trained for useful lives (Newsweek,
Wov. 5, 1951). Uusually, however, their re~
habilitation is started at a very oarly age,
before the children are aware of their mal-
formation. In Juan’s case, retraining had
been delayed for almost 9 years: the boy’s
ycde of living had been conditioned by
stark necessity. In the timelag, however,
American doctors recognized two possibile ad<
vantages: (1) Juan’s mature courage end
strong, well-developed body and mind, and
(2) his naturally formed, though misplaced,
hands and feet. Many young congenital am~-
putees are born without any stumps at all,
and fitting them with properly mechanized
prostheses. is a difficult task. For dJuan’s
deformity, the experts reasoned, it might
be possible to fashion special artificial arms
and legs which could be worked, by remote
control from Juan’s own capable hands and
fect.

By last week William Tosberg, chief of the
N.Y.U.-Believue Center’s Prosthetic Tech-
nical Services, had prepared a canvas basket
into which Juan’s torso could.be fitted. Sus-
pended from it were two stiff wooden legs.
By twisting his agile trunk, the boy could
teeter from side to side, in a walking-doll
movement, “This will not do,” he said
patiently. “I have strong feet; I must have
legs that my feet will work.” Juan was right.
Tf by some skilled trick of prosthetic ensi-
neering this can be accomplished, the boy
may have self-motivated arms and legs be-
fore his rehabilitation is completed.

BIG FEE

Specialists at the center marvel at the re-
markable adaptation made by the boy’s
gravely malformed body. Neurologists,
amazed at his lack of dizziness after roiling
about on the floor for 15 or 20 minutes,
are conducting studies of his nervous
system. Teachers are impressed by his quick
grasp of facts and his unusual learning ca-
pacity. Nurses and attendants talk of his
cheery disposition. However dramatically
this bespoke his ability to help himself, Juan
also is assured of being a big help to others.

Shortly before the boy arrived in New York,
Dr. Rusk was visited by the Vice President of
Bolivia, Dr. Harnan Siles Zuozo, and the con-
sul general of that country, Dr. Alberto Arce
Quiroga. After explaining the proposed pro~
gram for Juan, Dr. Rusk added: “This will
cost Bolivia a big fee. * * * We will. re-
habilitate Juan. We will help educate him,
and when he is able to care for himself, we
will send him back to Bolivia. There you
will complete his education, and help him
get a suitable job. That is not all. :

“In return for our care of the hoy, you
will establish in Bolivia a rehabilitation cen~
ter where all handicapped children—those
like Juan, as well as those with polio or cere-
bral palsy or rheumatoid arthritis—will be
retrained. That you will do for Juan Ire-
goygen Yepez.”

The Bolivian dignitaries bowed. ‘You
take the boy,” Vice President Siles replied.
“We will pay the fee.”

 

Two OF THE Many REacrions From News-
WEEIC READERS WHO WERE INSPIRED BY MRs.
CLARK’S SToRY oF HOPE AND COURAGE

BETTER THAN MILLIONS

_ Congratulations on a brilliant piece of re-
porting. Am referring to your article (Feb-
ruary 21) on Juanito Yepez, the congenital
quadruple amputee from Bolivia. ‘

For those of us who are in and out of
Central and South America we found your
article on Juanito gained us more friends
(and respect) than all the millions our Gov-
ernment is pouring into these countries. We
noted no sudden pro U.S.A. feeling in Brazil
as a result of the $75 million donation [given
Brazil by the United States], but we were
L960

pleasantly surprised with the many compli-
ments for what the U.S.A. is doing for Jua-
nito. I do not know what your circulation
is in Latin America put can tell you the peons
in the backwoods knew ail about Juanito
within 24 hours after the issue was on the
streets.

You also mentioned the Save the Chil-
dren Federation was paying his freight whiie
in the United States. This organization,
with a few thousand dollars, is gaining us
thousands more friends than our State De-
partment with their millions.

E. E, BUTLER,
Master,S/T Adrius.

TaMPico, MEXICO.

THE RIGHT RELATIONSHIP .

Words cannot begin to express my ap-
preciation for the article you carried [on
congenital amputation| in the February 21
issue of Newsweek about the Bolivian boy,
Juan Iregoyen Yepez. Your treatment of
this case was so humanitarian and brought
before the people of our nation the unselfish
work of doctors and hospital personnel. It
did much to help establish the right rela-
tionship between the little people of the
world.

Conrad R, WILLARD,
. Pastor, Calvary Baptist Church,

Kansas Crry, Mo.

(Mr, BROCK asked and was given
permission to extend his remarks at this
point in the Recorp.)

Mr. BROCK. Mr. Speaker, I am sure
that all of you realize the values which
will accrue to the United States through
the enactment of House Joint Resolution
649, I favor this legislation because it
will make a direct contribution to im-
proved health cf the people of the United
States.

The late Sir William-Osler once said:

The great republics of medicine know and
has Known no national boundaries.

This has been well illustrated by Dr.
Howard A. Rusk. in his testimony before
the committees of the House of Repre-
sentatives and the Senate on this legis-
lation. Dr. Rusk, for example, has
pointed out that—

It was a Dutch scientist in 1676 who first
revealed the world of micro-organisms, An
English physician, Edward Jenner, who ob-
served in 1796 that vaccination prevented
simalipox, provided the basis for modern im~
munological concepts. Twanowski, a Rus~
sian, identified the first virus in 1892. Two
Canadians, Sir Frederick Banting and Charles
Best, were the first to isolate insulin in 1921.
The Spanish neurcanatomist, Santiago Ra-
mon y Cajal, and the Italian histologist,
Camilo Golgi, shared the Nobel Prize in 1906
for their work on the structure of the nerv-

. ous system. The list goes on and on—peni-
cillin from England, cortisone from the
United States, rauwolfia from India, sul-
fonamides from Germany.

These developments, to which scien~
tists throughout the world contributed,
have laid the basis for the tremendous
advances made in recent years in im-
proving the health of the people of our
Nation and increasing the lifespan.

To me, House Joint Resolution 649 is a
sound investment in the health of our
own people.

Mr. BOLAND. Mr, Speaker, I rise in
support: of House Joint Resolution 649
and I am highly pleased that this im-
portant legislation known as the Inter-
national Health Research Act of 1960
has come to the floor for a vote.

CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE

The purpose of the resolution is to,
first, advance the status of the heaith
sciences in the United States through
cooperative endeavors with other coun-
tries in health research and research
training; and, second, to advance the in-
ternational status of the health sciences
through cooperative enterprises in health
research, research planning and research
training.

Mr. Speaker, this has been referred to
as the health for peace resolution, and
I think it is one of the most important
pieces of legislation to be considered in
the 86th. Congress. As. our colleague
from Rhode Island, the distinguished
chairman of the Appropriations Subcom-
mittee for the Department. of Health,
Education, and Welfare, Mr, Focarty, so
well stated during the hearings, this leg-
islation in effect is a declaration of “war
on disease not only in this counrty but
all over the world.”

Disease and disability know no inter-
national boundaries. President Hisen-
hower in his state of the Union address
in 1958 suggested that progress could

.be made.in the fight against such dis-

eases as cancer and heart and mental
iliness ali over the world. Soviet Rus-
sia’s leaders subsequently responded in
the affirmative, stating that in this area
perhaps they could reach some agree-

ments and advances could be made.

This lied Congressman Focarry and
Senator Lister Him. to introduce the
resolutions.

Research in the health sciences
fostered on an international basis holds
great promise of advancement of benefit
to all. I want te emphasize again what
I said last. year, that an unselfish effort
on the part of the United States to ad-
vance the health sciences in the inter-
est of ail peoples can be a potent instru-
ment of peace and good will. Such
distinguished medical men as Dr. How=-
ard Rusk, professor and chairman, De-
partment of Physical Medicine and Re-
habilitation, ‘New York University,
Believue Medical. Center, Dr. Peter D.
Commanduras, secretary general of
Medico—Medical International Cooper-
ation—and Dr. Thomas Dooley, who is
rendering such outstanding medical
service in Laos, ail want to see this legis-
lation enacted. The Senate passed this
resolution unanimously last year and I
hope that the House will do likewise
today.

Mr. LINDSAY. Mr. Speaker, one of
the most significant accomplishments of
the Congress will be the passage by the
Housé today of the International Heaith
Research Act of 1960. This legislation
could easily be the most important single
approach in recent times toward world
betterment. The Congress owes a debt
of sratitude to Dr. Howard A. Rusk,
chairman of the Department of Physical
Medicine and Rehabilitation, New York
University, Bellevue Medical Center, for
his tireless efforts on behalf of this leg~
islation. AS early as May 1956, when
Dr. Rusk first testified before the Senate
Foreign Relations Committee on the im-
portance of increased support by our
Government. in international health
work, he said:

It is my belief that rehabilitation of dis-
abled children and adults is one of the

13241

sharpest tools and most effective instruments.
which we in the United States have for mak-
ing friends—a tool which can penetrate any
Iron or Bamboo Curtain.-to reach the minds
and hearts of men,

I cannot improve on Dr. Rusk’s state-
ment. It is extremely gratifying that’
one of New York’s most distinguished
citizens has now seen the final passage of
this. significant legislation which he
helped to bring about.

(Mr. MACE asked and was given per-
mission to extend his remarks at this
point in the Rrecorp).

[Mr. MACK’S remarks will appear
hereafter in the Appendix.]

The question was taken; and on a di-
vision (demanded by Mr. Harris) there
were—ayes 105, noes 45.

Mr. BENNETT of. Michigan. Mr.
Speaker, I.cbject to the vote on the
ground that a quorum is not present and
I make the point of order that a quorum
is not present,

The SPEAKER. Evidently a quorum
is not present.

The Doorkeeper will close the doors,
the Sergeant at Arms will notify absent
Members, and the Clerk will call the
rou.

The question was taken; and there
were—yeas 259, nays 114, not voting 58,
as follows:

[Rol No. 152]

YEAS—259
Addonizio Dent Irwin
Albert Denton Jarman
Andrews Diggs Jennings
Ashley Dingell Johnson, Calif,
Aspinall Dixon Johnson, Colo.
Auchincloss Donohue Johnson, Md.
Avery Dooley Johnson, Wis.
Bailey Dorn, N.Y. Jonas
Baldwin Doyle Jones, Ala.
Baring Dulski Jones, Mo.
Barr Dwyer Karsten
Barrett Edmondson Karth
Barry Elliott Kasem
Bass, N.H. fiverett Kastenmeier
Bass, Tenn. Evins Kearns
Bates Fallon Kee
Beckworth. Farbstein Kilday
Bennett, Fla. Fascell King, Calif.
Blatnik Feighan King, Utah
Boggs Fenton Kirwan
Boland Fisher Kluczynski
Bolling Flood Kowalski
Bowles Flynn Lane
Brademas Fogarty Lankford
Breeding Foley Lesinski
Brewster Forand Levering
Brock Friedel Libonati
Brooks, La. Gallagher Lindsay
Brooks, Tex. Garmatz Loser
Broomfield Gary McCormack
Brown, Ga. Gathings McDowell
Burke, Ky. Gavin McFall
Burke, Mass. George McGinley
Burleson Giaimo McGovern
Byrne, Pa, Gilbert McMillan
Cahill Glenn Macdonald
Canfield Goodell . Machrowicz
Carnahan Granahan Mack
Casey Grant Madden
Chelf Gray Mahon
Chenoweth Green, Oreg, Mailliard
Chiperfield Green, Pa, Marshall
Church Grifiths Martin
Clark Hagen Matthews
Coad Halpern May
Cohelan Hardy Meyer
Colmer Harris Miller, Clem
Conte Harrison Miller,
Ccok Hays . George P,
Cooley Healey Milliken
Corbett Hechler Mills
Cramer Hemphill Mitchell"
Curtin Hogan Moeller
Daddario Holland Monagan
Dague Holtzman Montoya
Daniels Huddleston Moorhead
Davis, Tenn. Hull Morgan
Dawson. Ikard Morris, N, Mex.
Delaney Inouye Moulder
13242

CONGRESSIONAL RECORD —- HOUSE

Smith, Miss.

Multer Reuss
Murphy Rhodes, Aria, Springer.
Natcher Rhodes, Pa. Staggers
Nelsen Riley : Stubblefield
Nix Rivers, Alaska Sullivan
Norblad Rivers, 8.C. Yeague, Tex.
C’Brien, Til. Roberts Teller
O'Brien, N.Y. Rodino ‘rhomas
O'Hara, Til. Rogers, Colo. Thompson, N.J.
O’Hara, Mich. Rogers, Fla. Thompson, Tex.
O'Neill Rogers, Mass. Thornberry
oOsmers Rogers, Tex. Toll
Passman Rooney Trimble
Patman Roosevelt Udall
Perkins Rostenkowski Ullman
Pfost Roush Vanik
Philbin Rutherford Van Zandt
Poage Santangelo Vinson
Porter Saund Wallhauser
Powell Saylor Walter
Preston Schenck Wampler
Price Seiden Widnail

rokop Shelley Wier
FPucinski Shipley Wolf
Quigley Sikes Young.
Rabaut Sisk Younger
Rains Slack Zablocki
Randall Smith, Iowa

NAYS—-114

Abbitt Fountain O’Konski
Abernethy Fulton Ostertag
Alexander Griffin Pelly
Allien Gross Pillicn
Andersen, Gubser Poft

Minn. Haley Quie
Arends “Harmon Ray
Ashmore Henderson Rees, Kans.
Ayres Herlong Riehlman
Baker Hiestand Robison
Baumhart Hoeven St. George
Becker Hoffman, Til. Scherer
Belcher Hoffman, Mich. Schneebeli
Bennett, Mich. Holt Schwengel
Berry Horan Short
Betts Hosmer Siler
Bolton Jackson Simpson
Bosch Jensen Smith, Calif.
Bow Johansen Smith, Kans.
Brown, Ohio. Judd Smith, Va.
Broyhill Keith Taber
Budge Kilburn Teague, Calif.
Byrnes, Wis. Kilgore Thomson, Wyo.
Cannon Kitchin Tollefson
Cederberg Enox Tuck
Chamberlain. Kyl Utt
Collier Laird Van Pel
Cunningham  Langen Weaver
Curtis, Mass.. Latta Weis
Curtis, Mos Lipscomb - Westland
Davis, Ga. McCulloch Wharton
Derounian MeDonough , Whitener
Derwinski McIntire Whitten
Devine Meader Williams
Dorn, 5.c. Michel Wilson
Dowdy. Minshall Winstead
Flynt Moore Withrow
Ford Murray
Forrester Norreil

NOT VOTING—58

Adair Frazier Moss
Alford. Frelinghuysen Mumma
Alger Halleck Oliver
Anderson, Hargis Pilcher

Mont. Hébert Pirnie
Anfuso Hess Reece, Tenn.
Barden Holifield Scott
Bentley Kelly Sheppard
Bhliteh Keogh Spence
Bonner Lafore Steed
Boykin Landrum Stratton
Bray Lennon Taylor
Brown, Mo. McSween Thompson, La,
Buckley Magnuson Wainwright
Burdick Mason Watts
Celler Merrow Willis
Cofin Metcalf Wright
Downing Miller, N.Y. Yates
Durham Morris, Okla. Zelenko
Fino Morrison

_ So, two-thirds having voted in favor
thereof, the rules were suspended and
the bill was passed.

The Clerk announced the following

pairs:

On this vote:
Mr. Keogh and Mr. Hébert for, with Mr.
Taylor against.
Mr. Alford and Mr. Buckley for, with Mr.
Alger against.

Mr. Wainwright and Mr. Holifield for, with
Mr. Reece of Tennessee against.

Mr, Sheppard and Mr. Anfuso for, with Mr.
Hess against.

Mr, Morrison and Mr. Frazier for, with Mr.
Lafore against. /

Myr. Frelinghuysen and Mr. Willis for, with

Mr, Mason against.

Mr, Celler and Mrs. Eelly for, with Mr.

Mitier of New York against,

Mr. Stratton and Mr, Thompson of Louisi-
ana for, with Mr. Pirnie against.

Mr, Zelenko and Mr. Yates for, with Mr.
Bentley against.

Until further notice:

Mr. Lennon with Mr. Halleck.

Mr, MeSween with Mr. Bray.

Mr. Anderson of Montana with Mr.
Mumma.

Mr. Burdick with Mr. Meader.

Mr. Durham with Mr. Fino,

Mr. Oliver with Mr. Adair.

My. WOLF. changed his vote from
“nay” to “yes.”

Mr. FASCELE, changed his vote from
“nay” te “yea.”

Mr. COLLIER changed his vote from
“present” to “nay.”

The result of the vote was announced
as above recorded.

The doors were opened.

 

June 2h