r~g-i if B /it tf”'* "jF| A *Tj 
_lL JL JL Ji Li jL.A JLj xV‘JL r Ji 
«» Whatever measures have a teu ier.cy to dissolve the Union, or contribute to violate or (esse the Sovereign authority, ou fit to he considered as hostile to the Liberties and I- 
No. 78/ 
WEDNFSDAY, Septembxi tM, 1805. 
MEDICAL. 
ing, which only terminates in the deash of the pa- . 
tient. Emptying the ftomach where it is indica- J 
ted, by means of a few grains of ipecacuanha, or by 
the infufi.n of chamomile or bonefet, will, nodoubr, 
comport with the general plan of cure, in removing 
any irritating matters from the ftomach, at the 
fame time that it produces a relaxation of the fur- 
face of the body. 
The poifon of yellow fever, like that of the 
fmall-pox, in its operation, has a definite period ; 
its operation can be moderated, but not immediate- 
ly dellroyed by the ufe of any medicine, hitherto 
difcovered ; the objed of the phyfician, therefore, 
is to remove every other fource of excitement, and 
thereby to moderate the action of the poifon of the 
dif-afe, until like the dofe of opium, or of arfenic, 
it {bail ceafe to operate. But if the operations of 
nature be difturbed by the interpofition of violent 
or debilitating remedies, the body fuffers from the 
conjoint effects of the difeafe, and the remedies 
prescribed. If, in the eruptive fever of innocula. 
red fmall-jaox, the phyfician fhould have recourfe I 
to the depleting means ufually recommended in the j 
fir ft ftage of yellow fever, I believe, inftead - 
of a mild difeafe if would be rendered no Lfs fatal I 
than the natural fmall-pox—very lew would prob- f 
abiy efcape. 
I believe the yellow fever, in like manner, when 
fhus :t taken out of she hands of nature,5’ is ren- 
dered a much more lhortal difeafe than it would 
prove, if treated by lefs violent remedies. 
The practice I havp found moft effectual, corref- 
ponds with thefe principles—when called to a oa- 
tier.r in the commencement of the difeafe, my fir if 
ofyVft is to empty the bowels by the ufe ot the mii- 
deit remedies, viz, injedions, caftor-oil, rhubarb 
an-: magilcfia, fasts, its fsnasl dofcs, accompanied 
with warm drinks, calculated at the fame time to 
excite perfpiration—-this being acconsplifhed the 
next object of my attention is to relax the furface of 
the body, &: to induce a free difeharge by uerfpira- 
tiot:. In fome inftances, this falutary difeharge 
takes place before or immediately after the bowels 
are emptied,and is readily continued by the ufe of 
•varm drinks but stir the molt past it becomes ne- 
ceffary to have recourfe to other means of inducing ! 
perfpiration—for this purpofe, herb t as, fuch as 
catmint, fnepeta cataria) fage and fnakeroot, aided 1 
jy the fpirits of Mindererus* 'are ufually fufficientJ 
at the fame time to retain a uniform temperature, 
it is neceffary to cover the body with a blanket, 
whereas with a lighter covering, the perfpiration 
can rarely be continued fuch a length of time as is 
neceffary to procure a folutior. of the fever, i hive 
alfo, wit!) the fame view, found great benefit by 
introducing under the bed-clothes, Bricks, heated, 
and inclofed in flannel cloths, wet with vinegar 
l he fleam thus emitted dies fogaetimes a wonde- 
eiic.u 1.1 tuitdoing the ikin',' and exciting fweat. hr 
fome inftanCes have kept the lower extremities itn- 
rnerfed in a veffcl of warm vinegar and water, for 
half an hour or upwards; at the fame time fupply- 
tngrny patient with want drinks, until the furface 
of the body becomes relaxed. 
Another circurnftance of great importance in this 
mode of treatment, is, to continue the perfpiration 
without the lead intermiflion, until the fever is en- 
tirely removed ; for the leaft check that is given 
r° t‘1's difeharge is very apt to produce irritation 
at the ftomach,which,if net fpeedily removed,by the 
ufe of blifters, &c. is followed by that diftreffing, 
& for the moft part fatal fymptom, the black vomit. 
Speaking of herb teas I am inclined to place great 
confidence in one lately introduced in this city; 
and in the neighboring country—it is the infufion 
of the ftem and leave of the e< Eupatorium Perfo- 
iiatum” of Linn, vulgtilarly called Bonefet. If I 
was difpofed to believe in the exiftence of a fpeci- 
fic, for this formidible difr jfe, 1 fhould con fide r the 
bonefet as poffefting a;l thofe virtues—its fcnfible 
qualities are thofe of a ftimulant and bitter; it be- 
longs to a family of plants, much efteemed & culti- 
vate.l as antidotes to poifon—the infufion if made 
ftrong, and given warm excites vomiting, but 
without debilitating the ftomach, as after the ufe 
of anti ony, or mercury—it proves gently cathar- 
tic, & at the fame time powerfully fudorific. Vfhen 
ta.cen cold it is no lefs tonic than moft of the bitters 
employed in practice, in the vicinity of this city, 
it is very much made ufe of by the common peo- 
ple, and very fupcefsfuiiy in the treatment of fevers. 
In the hands of phyficians, I have no doubt it wiil 
become a valuable addition to the Materia Medica. 
John Stevens, Efq. of Hoboken, iome time iince 
pubhfhed an account of its good effects, in feme 
cafes of yellow-fever, which fell under his notice 
among his neighbors. The praife he has beftowed 
upon this herb, I am fatisfied, is juft. I intend to 
gi'-e it a fair trial, and hope my brother pradition- 
eis will do the fame. I wifti I could fee that com- 
munication re-publilhed—it is calculated todogood. 
V* acre we fail in inducing perfpiration bv the ufe 
of the above remedies, I know of no application 
which promifss to be Co ufeful as the warm bath, 
and that frequently repeated in the manner you 
recommended it, until it produces the effect inten- 
ded. 1 acknowledge, that in the early Pages of 
the yellow-fever, I have not made ufe of it To the 
extent you have prefcribed it, having trufted to the 
application ol thefteam applied in the manner before 
mentioned ; hut the good effeds derived even from 
this local Application of it, and the benefits of the 
fteam bath, at Bellevue, under the care of Dr. 
Brown, fometime fince pu'olifhed, fatisfy me that 
perhaps (till greater advantages are to be obtained 
from warm bathing ; it at leaft deferves a candid 
trial in a difeafe that Co frequently baffles all medi- 
cal (kill. I hope the medical gentlemen of the 
Board of Health will avail themfelves of the ufe of 
it in the prefent feafon in their pradice at Belle- 
vue* and at our quarantine ground. 
I know it will be objected to the treatment a- 
bove mentioned,that it is too much of the old al ex- 
ipharmac fyftem, and that it is calculated to aggra- 
vate, inftead of diminifhing fever. It might equal- 
ly be objected to the application of a blifter, in a 
ylcurify ,,cr, inan inflamation of the brain that its 
ilimulatiog eftefts upon the {kin, will add to the 
inflamation already exiting; but its good effeft-,, 
notwithftandirg the temporary excitement it pro- 
duces, Efftot now queftioned by phyticians. I am 
alfo convinced that the benefits derived from per. 
loiration in the treatment of yeilow-fever, counter- 
aft all try* difad vantages of the heat and tempor- 
ary ft in lulus, employed to obtain it. 
The ft'ccefsful praftice of Dr. Warren, in the 
y ellow r: ver of Barbadoes, and the benefits of per- 
foration induced by the ufe of warm oil, frictions j 
and fomentations in the treatment of the plague, as 
recommended by Count Berchtold, alfo ferve to \ 
confirm ihe propriety of this praftice ; and, I think ! 
jt very pofiible, that the ftimulating effects of the 
warm bath, applied to the whole furface of the ! 
body aft] frequently renewed, may be no left ufe- 1 
in! in ryansfefing the excitement of yellow-fever j 
10 t-he prface of the body, than the operation of a | 
blifter In removing the inflamation from the pleura, • 
or Irodl the membrances of the brain. The adi j 
vantages of warm.bathing in iheumatifm—the fab. ! 
Uta-ijdflects °f the warm bath, rendered ftimdiant i 
heuaddilion of bark and fpirits, in the/lauer j 
ilage c. typhus tever, and confluent fmall-pox—the 
benefit of blifters, ftimulatingcataplafm/andfpiri- I 
ff>us in the latter It ago of yellow 
fever,.alfo teach us to expeft much a/vantage from 
V.e vvjyni bath, in different ftages of that difeafs; 
- couit xadduce many other iafts from praftice in 
jftnppbf j of the plan of treatment you propoft, hut 1 
mu ft tip ve already wearied your patience and rhere- 
torc ftif.icri.be myfelf. ' 
Your Friend, 
U DAVID HOSACK. 
Noajh Webfter, jun, Efq. 
* REPLY. 
Mew-Haven, Sept. 17, 1807. 
Bear. Sift, 
I til nk you for your favour of the 13th, and the 
trotihl you have taken to expr-fs to me your ideas 
fully bn the mode you have purfued in the treat- 
menr 0i the malignant fever. In that letter you 
conjyft-r the fever as proceeding from poifon intro- 
duced into rhefyftem. This I believe to be of ten, 
peihaj s generally true—not fo generally the poifon 
of men hfd excretions from the fick—but the poifon 
of a Vj dated atmofphere. Sometimes, however, I 
; b.eiitJe the tame poifon generated in the fyitem, 
j from :• torpid Rate of the veflels, or-morbid aftion 
; f°r - bold it to he found philosophy that the eix. 
j ert it: n.tstious matter of the human body, may, by 
j hear h A a torpor of the fecreting veflels, become 
1 podp'! c: the moll deleterious kind. There are 
" rp"!‘"die, fin !-*j u-icoiiMC'ited ..A.u ,.,y i 
j external caufe; in our country towns, 40 miles from 
l thefea, in the healthieft fituations in New-England, 
of men feized with fever, turning yellow and dry- 
*ng *n 3, 4 or j days.—In one inftance lately, a 
man died, in fiich a fituation after 17 hours illnefs, 
and with black vomit. 
Put while we differ as to the orign of this malig- 
nant and fatal difeafe, our ideas feem to accord in 
general, on the fubjeft of the proper inode of treat- 
ment. 
1 will only add, what may poflibly-be of fome 
ufe, the ideas and praftice of our oldeft mailers of 
veflels in the Weft-India trade, whofe experience I 
deem better than theories. 
Some of the more judicious of thefe gentlemen 
inform !ne, that they rarely bleed, and never give 
violent pukes or draftic purges-—On the other 
hand, tney are careful to irritate the ftomach as 
little as poflihie. A puke upon an empty ftomach, 
or a gentle purge or injeftion is thefirft application. 
Then the warm bath, if prafticable—and one of 
thefe gentlemen informs me, he carries his bathing 
tub, as much as his compafs— I hen copious drafts 
or warm liquors—fiich as infufions of herbs or tea 
acidulated with a little juice of tamarinds, lemons, 
&c. It is with a view to the copious ufe of thefe 
drinks, that they are cautious not to irritate the 
ftomach they' pour down gallons of thefe liquors, 
and keep up perfpiration till the fever is fubdued. 
One of thefe captains afTures me that he does not 
lofe a patient in twenty, under this mode of treat- 
ment. 
With fincere wifhes that feme mode of treat- 
ment may be devifed which fhaii fubdue this for- 
midable enemy of our peace, happinefs and corn 
ir.erce. 
1 am, Sir, 
Yours, N. WEBSTER. 
Dr. Dcruid Hofack. 
From the (rV. Y.) Commercial Advertiser. 
Anfwer of Dr. David Hossack, to the letter 
which appeared in the Commercial Advertifer of 
laft evening, from Noah Webster,Eft{. on the 
■fubje«ft of Yellow Fever. 
Nf.w York, Sept. 13th, iSo^. 
Dear Sir, 
I THANK you for your favor of the 
roth inft. however we may difagree in our theories 
concerning the origin of the yelldtv fever, your o- 
pinions relative to the treatment of this djfeafe are 
very confonant with thofe I adopted in the yearV 
1795', and which have been confirmed by every fuc- 
ceeding return of that difeafe. As to the feat of 
yellow fever there is fome difference in our o. 
pinions—I will take this opportunity c! giving 
you an outline of my creed upon this fubjeft ; and 
as you are cotiverfant in the doftrihes of fever, it 
may be the mean of fuggefting to you fqmeihing 
new, and probably nearer the truth, than I have 
been able to approach. 
The poifon producing yellow fever, when intro- 
duced into the fyftem, like that of other peftilen- 
tial difeafes, as plage, fmall-pox, &c. or perhaps 
like that of the viper, operates primarily upon the 
nervous fyftem. Accordingly, it fhews its effeds 
firft upon the brain, fpinal marrow, and larger 
nerves—hence it produces pains of the head, b.ack 
and limbs. Second, it excites irritation in the 
Jlomach. This organ, fro n the immenfe number of 
nerves diftributed upon it, poflVffes great fenfibili 
ty to exciting caufes, to whatever parr of the fyftem 
they may be applied ; infomuch that it may almoft 
be denominated a Jecond brain. Hence, naufea, 
vomiting, and fubfequently inflammation and black 
vomit, are the attendants upon this diforcer. 
Third. The externalfurface, like the ftorhach 
poflfefiing great fenfibility, alfo (hares a large pro- 
portion of the irritation which this produ- 
ces : accordingly it (hows itfelf upon the (kin, 
citing a morbid adlion in its veffels : hence the al- 
moft erlfipelatous inflammation and rednefs of the 
furface of the body ; hence the diftenfion and red- 
nefs of the eye, which in common with the (kin, 
very foon from the debility which takes place in 
thofe preternaturally diftended veflels, and proba- 
bly fome change in the properties of the general 
ntafs of fluids themfelves aflame a yellow colour, 
not unlike the yellownefs which fupervenes in a 
part that has been bruifed, and which of courfe has 
undergone a preternatural diftenfion of its veflels. 
This is the rationale I have adopted relative to the 
yellownefs of yellow fever. You perceive I oon- 
fider this difeafe as having nothing to do , ith bile, 
°r hjjl’ fhi i> mat I aerree with 
Dr. Jackfon, when he obferves that thefe is a de- 
ficiency of b'.le in yellow fever, whereas, in 'he 
billious remittent, there is generally a fuperabun- 
dance of that fluid. 
When the poifon of yellow fever has thus 
produced irs primary operation uoon the nervous 
fyftem, its next efFefts are manifefted in the blood, 
veffels hence the engorgement of the veflels of the 
brain, ftupor and hemorrage— the inflam- 
mation of the ftomach and bowels—hence the hem- 
orragies from the nofe, mouth, ftomach and inteft 
ines and from the united (Fedts of this virulent 
poifon upon the nervous fyftem, and upon the 
blood veflels, we account for the fudden d-fTolation 
which takes pace in this difeafe, and which is un- 
exampled in moft other fevers, excepting the plague 
itfelf, to which, in my opinion, the yellow fever 
bears a much greater refemblance, than to any oth- 
er diforder. 
If this pathology be correct, it follows, that in 
the mode of treatment the indication muft be to 
obviate the febrile fyftems by thole means which at 
the fame time that they are effeaual,are theleaft de- 
bilitating. b rom time immemorial, the falutary ef- 
fe&s ofperjpiraflon in removing fever, and in di- 
verting the action of poifons from the vital organs 
of the body, have been acknowledged. To cite 
authorities, would be to quote every book of prac- 
tice whether ancient or modern. 
The experiments of Mr. Abernethy, relative to 
the functions of the (kin, in excreting morbid mat- 
ters from the fyftem, &lfo ferve to confirm the pro- 
priety of this praftice in preference to bleeding and 
purging too much employed in the treatment of the 
fevers of hot climates—I fay too much becaufe of 
the debilitated ftate of the body in hot climates & 
in hot feafons of the year—becaufe of the very de- 
bilitating operation of thofe remedies, compared 
with other means equally effectual, anu in yellow. 
• ever, the indifcnminate ufe of the lancet, is adding 
the [word to the pefhlence. In this country its 
deadly effedts are unhappily known, whereever the 
yellow fever has prevailed. 
The practice oi purging, in the extreme to which 
it has been carried, is, in my opinion, no lefs fatal 
by deftroying the tone of the fyftem, and thereby 
rendering it unable tofuftain the irritations of the 
dsfeaie. I would alfo obferve, that the means ufu- 
ally employed (or this purpofe, are efpecially de- 
bilitating in their operation. 
Mercury and jalap compofe the fafhionable purge 
in this difeafe ; the former of thefe medicines,mer. 
cury, has been fo highly extolled in the treatment of 
yellow fever that it has been called “ the Sampfon 
of the materia medica." In the yellow fever it 
has truly proved a Sampfon for I verily believe it 
has (lain its thoufamis. When falivation can be 
efFedted, doubtlefs it is an ufeful medicine ; bur 
that efFedl is not to be obtained in one cafe of ten, 
as far as I have had an opportunity of feeing this 
practice, and if it fails of producing a falivation, 
it fo deranges the ftomach, and deftroys the vital 
functions of the fyftem, that no hope remains of re- 
covery from the ufe of other remedies. 
Antimonial emetics are no lefs exceptionable, 
they are not unfrequently followed by a vomit-  croffb^rThej 
dcfert of Barca in the midil of aftonifhing diffical, j 
ties, and arrived in the latter end of April before 
‘ Derne, on the frontiers of Tripoli, and on the fea 
J coaft, in long. 22, 45, E. lat. 32, 55, N. It 
! defended by an army of 5 or 6000 Art’vs. Not 
j deterred, however, by the difficulties of the under, 
taking, the cx-Bafhaw and Eaton, on the 27th of 
April, attacked the town in different quarters at 
the fame time, whilft Capt. Hull in the Argus, 
Capt. Dent in the Nautilus, and Lieut. Evans in 
; the Hornet bomb ketch, played off on the fea fide, 
, againfi the only fort which defended the town.— 
Derne was captured. 
This vidfory was, however, fucceeded by a fe- 
cond artion. The Bafhaw of Tripoli having had 
intelligence of the march of the enemy, had dif- 
patched about 2000 Arabs to the defence of Derne, 
: Under an expedition that they would arrive there 
! before the enemy. They did not, however, ar- 
rive till two days after Derne was taken. 
On the i 5 th of May a battle was fought between 
the forces ofSidi Himet and thofe of the reigning 
Baihaw. For a long time the. virtory was doubt- 
ful, but at length Ha me As troops w-te forced to 
give way. The enemy purfued them into the 
town, until Gen. Eaton very judicioufly turned the : 
guns of the fort where he was Rationed, upon the 
Bafhaw’s troops, and compelled them to retreat in 
a mod diforcferly manner, and under tlife deftrudive 
fire of the American veffl-U in the harbour. It 
was expected by Gen. Eaton, whert he reached 
Derne, that he (hould receive a large reinforcemeru 
of men and money from the nary of the United 
S;ai»s ; with thele he intended to march to Bra- 
ganza, another Tripolitan tovn on the fea / 
after which he expected tUar his army would he 
conveyed in the American veffels aerofs the gulph 
ofSydra, t!v much celebrated Syrti* of antiquity. 
But thefe reiSJorcetnents.were not wanting, on ac- 
count of the events which afterwards occurred.— 
That we may Ja'y open the fee re fprir.g of ' hefe 
events, let us one? more return to the Divan of 
Tripod. 
It was one of the coflams of the Bafhaw to have 
the moil1 important part’s of the American newfpa. 
pers, which were fent over ro the captives; regu. 
larly tr.inflated for his own infpertion. Among 
other articles of confiderabld importance,, he was 
particularly llruck with that pair of the report of 
the Secretary of the Treaftiry, which mention* the 
duration and probable amount of the Mediterranean 
fumd. A tax which was ellimated to produce not 
left than 550,000 dollars, and was intended to con- 
tinue until ihe expiration of So war with T ripoli, 
affected him with furprife and apprehenlion. He 
faw that the fpirit of the American nation was yet 
unbroken : He faw that they were determined to 
carry on the war until they could bring it to an 
honorable accommodation. What effuri* could he 
expect to make in oppofition to a nation, which 
would thus contribute “ millions for defence, but 
not a cent for tribute ?” Such were the reflexions 
that paflVd through the Bafh tw’s mind, and fuch, 
according to the opinion of our captive country* 
men, were the fi'-fi inducements tha. prompted him 
ro make propofirion* for pence. The reader will 
remark that thefe proportions were made hefoie 
Gen. Eaton commenced l.U enurpr -fie, *;!ruu 
before Derne was ;aken. They were made bv the 
Bafhaw as early as the month of February, Bur 
Mr. Lear, who if may be fuopefed was cominiiTioncd 
with fell power to negotiate, did not conceive that 
tire proper m: aivnt of negociarion had arrived.— 
He cm : :■ ivntiy rrfufed to liflen 10 the proportions 
of the Bathaw ; nor did he deviate from his refo- 
lution until the capture of Derne llruck an awful 
alarm inro the heart of the Bafhaw, and induced 
him to repeal his propofitions for a peace. This 
was the ethical moment for acceding to his terms : 
The Bafhaw of Tripoli had been alarmed for the 
profperity or his dominions ; his cruizers Were 
blocked up in his harbors by the American fqited- 
ron ; his treafury had been drained of no lefs than 
4 or 500,000 dollars, for carrying on the war • but 
now a more ferious caufe of alarm had feized upon 
him—He trembled for the very fafety of his do- 
minions. Derne had been captured ; an army of 
2000 men had been defeated by an invading 
tnv. Had he been able to ascertain the preofe 
number of that army, he might perhaps have learn- 
ed to defpife their power. But it was the interefl 
of the bey of Derne to juftiiy his own cowardice 
by exaggerating the force of his opponents. He 
had multiplied the amount, and magnified the valor 
of the American forces, and to the apprehenfive 
imagination of the Bafhaw, there feemed to be an 
army hovering over the very capital of his domin- 
ions. Our informants are not certain whether he 
had gone fo far as to adopt any ultimate precautions 
for his fafety. They do not recollect to have heard 
that any menaces had been thrown out, that the 
moment of Gen. Eaton's approach fhould become 
the fignal of death, not only to the American, but 
all the chriftian captives. But they' recoiled! to 
have received fotne information from Mr. Cow dry 
that the Bafhaw had collerted together his jewels \ 
and his women, and that he intended in cafe ofj 
the mofl urgent danger, to tetire with the Ameri- j 
poli now in the power of the U. States, (hall be de- 
livered up to him, and as the number of Americans 
in the poffeffion of the Bafhaw of Tripoli, amounts 
to 300 men more or lefs, and the number of Tripo- 
linc fubjerts in the power of the Americans, 10 a- 
bout too, the Bafhaw of Tripoli fhall receive from 
the United States the fam of iixty tboufand dollars, 
as a payment for the differenc* between the respec- 
tive prifoners. 
The 3d. article declares, that upon the conclulion 
of the peace aforefaid, between the United Stares 
and the regency of Tripoli, all the forces of the U- 
nited States which have been or may be in hoftili- 
ties againfi the Bafhaw of Tripoli in the province 
of Derne, or elfewhers within the dominions of the 
faid Bafhaw, fhall be withdrawn therefrom, and no 
, fupplies fhall be given by or in behalf of the Uni. 
ted States, during the continuation of peace, to any' 
of the fubjerts of the faid Bafhaw who may lie in 
hoflilities againft him or any partofhis dominions ; 
and the Americans fhall ufe all the rtteans in their 
power to perfuade the brother of the faid Bafhaw, 
who has co-opeiated with them at Derne, &c. to 
withdraw from the territory of the Bafhaw of Tri- 
poli, but they will not ufc any foice or improper 
means to effert that objert, and in cafe he fhall with- 
i draw himfelf as aforefaid the Bafhaw engages to de- 
liver up to him his wife and children now in bis 
power—Signed June 3d, 1805. 
Thefe preliminary articles were of courfe enter- 
ed into before the General treaty, of which they 
form the bafts, as concluded. The at Holes of the 
general treaty confift of fuch only a;, havebeen made 
with the moll favourable and powerful nations, with 
one exception as honorable to us as it is unprece- 
dented in thef.iflory of Tripolitan treaties ; that in 
cafe of a future war, the prifoners fhall not be con- 
fidered or treated as fl.ives, but be exchanged man 
for man according to rank, or redeemed at a very 
lew iti pula ted rate. 
By this treaty, we have not violated our compart 
with the exiled Bafhaw, or even difappoimed any 
expedition, which he could reafonably have form- 
ed. The United States had always held out to him 
the idea, that vve fhould have complete liberty to 
make a peace, whenever our own interefls fhould 
demand if. Our connection with him was always 
confidered as a matter of co operation, not as a com- 
pact of alliance. We have already alleviated his 
misfortunes by obtaining the refloration of his wife 
and family, >iiich is reprtfented to have been the 
moft formidable obflacle in the way of negociation. 
And perhaps it may be incumbent upon the honor 
or humanity of the United States to make fomepro- 
vifion for his fubfiflence and accommodation. 
The charadlers of the two brothers is reprefent. 
ed by our countrymen in very different colours. 
The depofed Bafhaw, endowed with little capacity, 
and addicted tojfordid properfities ; the ruling mo. 
narch poffeffed of a flrong underflanding, capable 
of perceiving and eftimating merit wherever it is 
to he found, of elevated fenrimeuts and of afpiring 
-mbitton.—His prime ininifter is a Ruffian, not re- 
markable for the vigour of his talents. His minilt- 
4r of foreign affairs, a Tripolioe by birth, with en- 
dowments which would adorn any of the cabi- 
nets of Europe, is the man upon whom de- 
volves the great burden of the government. , 
‘ - *- have formed the mod erroneous ideas of the 
treatment which our countrymen teceived in Tri- 
poli. T here was a marked and honorable diftinrtion 
between them and the other chriiiian captives. 
The common Teamen were not comoelled to work 
upon the fortifications of the town longer than 4 o’- 
clock every day j after which hour, they were per- 
mitted ro feek their own amufements, or rather 
their own emoluqient. The officers weie confined, 
hot not chained, and they had every accommoda- 
tion with which their own purfes could fupply them, 
I'rom the confuls of mofl of the Europen Hates, they 
obtained all thofe polite attentions which are fo 
grateful at ail times, and more efpecially in a feafon 
at adverfity. The cook of the Danilh Conful was 
their purveyor in the market. 
His Tripolitan majefty feems to have conceived 
the mofl exalted opinion of the American bravery, 
refources and honor ; and in every inftance condurt. 
.ed himfelf towards them with the moll diflinguifh- 
cd politenefs. When Colonel Lear landed at Tri- 
poli, lie was falutcd with 9 guns, inllead of 7, which 
had been hitherto the tifual tribute; of refpecl. When 
our countrymen left his city forever, he gave them 
jn adieu full of polirenefsand fenfibility, 
A few more defultory farts will clofe this hafty 
fketch. Scarce had the treaty of peace been con- 
cluded, when fome of the Corfairs of Tripoli once 
more refumed their ufual occupation, repeated their 
incurffons upon Sicily and Naples, and carried off 
whole families into captivity. 
It Las even been faid that it was the fear of en- 
countering this danger, which induced the king, of 
Naples to refufe us the loan of his gun-boats during 
the prefent campaign. 
The principal part of our fquadron is now on a 
vifit to the Regency of Tunis, with which we have 
fome points of difference to ad juft.—It will proba- 
l bly lake the tour of the Barbary Hates. Should 
[ they Dot receive any orders to leave the Mediterra- 
nean, they winter at Syracufe. May they foon be 
.fiafely moored within our own harbours ! 
| FROM THE HUDSON BALANCE. 
I It lias been known for feme time pall that there 
Icxift within and near the corporation of the city 
lof Hudfon, feveral faline or minerial fprings.— 
lAs the waters of thefe fprings take their qualities 
lirom the mineral productions, through which they 
loafs, it may not he improper, in mentioning the 
iormcr, to give fome account of the latrer : The 
■oil in and about Hudfon confifts for the moft part | 
lit clay, with which are intermixed mechanically, j 
large portions of calcareous and magnefian earths, ! 
lu.d every where are to be fetn traces of iron and I 
Iheffiilphuric acid ; thefe are fometimes difeovered 
Ihemically combined in various mineral fubftances ; 
Ifpecialiy a fine fpecimen of pyritous Hone, termed j 
■differed marcafi.e, is ofien found Wcifhed out by ' 
■the rains ir> the deep gullies of this vicinity. That 
liepatick waters fhould rcfulr from the decompo- 
K-tion of fuch inererials, and that Epfom waters 
Ihouid abound in fuch a foil, might naturally be 
lexperted. We accordingly find here, with fome 
linterruption, a continuation of thofe fprings, fome 
Ipartaking mere of cne quality and fome of the 
■other, for mi’es in extent ; they ace to be met with 
butftingl through its bed b.:io*v high water 
ayd trickling down the Ties of the high c!av 
banks, called the Clavcrs, -coot two miles to th-.r 
north of the city, leaving behind them a veryauf- 
ture and bitter fait, which dining the fummer fea- 
fou in diy weather gives thefe banks at a diftance . 
a white appearance. Although thefe waiers ar. 
charaiilerifetl principally by the fulphurated hydro- 
gen gas and ihe fulphit of magnefis, yet fome ot* 
them poflefs other qualities in an inferior degree 
but one or two excepted, none of them appear to ! r 
highly charged with thofe materials. 
The water which has hirherto attraded mofl at- 
tention, is that of a large fulphtir fpring, recently 
difeorered on the farm of Bcrrv Chafe, about four1 
miles to the northward of Hudfon. It boils up 
through'perforations in a :• ck, at the bottom of a 
low bog or tnorafs ; this water is unqueftiorably 
pofT.ffed of valuable medicinal qualities ; befides 
the fulphurated gas and Epfom fair, it alfo contains; 
a flight proportion of the catbonic acid gas ; tho1' 
very tranfp.trent, it refembles both in fmell and 
tafle the rinfings of a foul gun barrel ; it readily* 
loofes its hepadtic fmell by being kept in an open 
bottle, but thereon depofits no fedim -nt : its tem- 
perature is cold, the thermometer Handing it at C4 
degrees, and in rhe atmefphere at the fame time at 
75 degrees ; when taken in fufii ieiu quantity, it 
often operates as a gentle ematic, but is more com- 
monly diuretic and purgative. Not 11 ore ih„i? 
, two months have eiapfed ft nee it fi.H began 10 b.e 
vtfited, and the concourfe of people which daily 
throng to it is numerous and increafing. It is ft id 
to afford complete and fpeedy relief in ail Cutaneou* 
afftdlion*. 1 he writer of this has known many ot>- 
ftinate cafes of Eryfipdas, Jrch, Herpes, and two 
cafes of Rhcumatifm, where cures have been obtain- 
ed by drinking it. 
13o0ton : 
SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 38, 
Meffrs. Editors,- 
7 he fallowing extra FI of a leite from a gentleman 
of respectability, cant huh same fads not generally 
known ; you will publish them if you think ft. 
A CUSTOMER. 
“ I can now ftate to you pofuively, that the Ex- 
Bafhaw in a formal note to Mr. Eaton, has expreffi- 
ed his acquiefcence in the treaty, and in flrong un- 
equivocal language has made his acknowledgment 
for the fervices rendered him by the American gov- 
ernment, admitting at ihe fame time that, fading 
in every thing that was expected on his part after 
they had reached Derne, he could not reafonably 
ai d therefore did not expert a continuance of their 
co-operatioo. His note concluded with thanking 
rhe Chief of America and all his fervants for their 
friendly aid and intentions. This note was fent 
to in order to defeat any infinuations 
injurious tip the honour of the United States in 
their relatjous to the Ex-Bafhaw.” 
“ WithWpert to the ranfom, Mr. Lear held out 
ten d*y*. until it was fi ally that with- 
out it the 300 prifoners would riot be teleafed. The 
Bafhaw admitted that he could not contend with 
fuch a force1 and that he fhould be compelled to aban* 
don his city, but repeatedly and vehemently de- 
clared that if the Americans were bent upon de- 
ftroying his town, his fortifications, his fhipping, 
his fame and every thing that was Tripolitar, they 
mult expert in return that he would deftroy every 
thing that was American within his power—adding 
and repeating in a ferocious manner that after hav- 
ing killed his father and a brother he fhould not 
have any fciuplcs in killing a few infidels. Tfie 
officers 1 have feen who were prifoners are all clear 
and decided in the opinion that the Bafhaw could 
not confidently with his own fafety have delivered 
up the prifoners without a ranfom ; and that if Mr. 
Lear had petfitted, very little refiflance would have 
been made to our fquadron < but amidfl the defola- 
tion of the bombardment and cannonade, the pit- 
foners would all have been maffacreed.” 
Other Fads.—A few years ftnee the Batavian 
Republic paid to Tripoli for a continuation of peace, 
and when there was not a prifoner to be redeemed, 
80,000 dollars. Admiral Dewinter who was the 
negociator was at the time before Tripoli with five 
ships of the line. 
Denmark paid about three years fincc 60,000 
dollars for a peace. S.veedc* paid lately 1 70,0c© 
dollars for a peace ; and thefe powers pay befides 
Confular prefents, tribute, &c. 
The Prefident of the United States has appointed 
John Breckenridge, Efq. attorney general of the 
United States ; and John Coburn Efq. judge of the 
territory of Orleans. 
The Legiflature of Orleans have cfiablifhed a 
company for the improvement of inland navigation, 
by canals, &c. The company is to have a capital of 
200,000 dollars. After their interefl fhall exceed 
fifty per cent, the refidue is to be paid into the ter. 
ritorial treafury. 
The Major Generals of Georgia propofe as the 
militia uniform, green, faced and edged with black, 
and yellow buttons, with a rattlefnake engraved 
thereon. 
On Saturday morning about daylight, a fire was 
d'ifcoveted in the fpacious build.ng owned by Ed- 
ward Pennington, as a fugar refinery in Brewer’s 
alley, above Vine ftr-cet, in Philadelphia. The 
flames had gained fuch an afcendency, previous to 
the alarm, as to defy every effort to fubduc them. 
•This extenfive building, and adjoining apartments, 
together with all the utenfils and a large fiock of 
materials, were entirely confurr.ed. d he lofs thu* 
in one hour fuftained by a Angle individual is faid 
to amoint to between 50 and 60,000 dollars. It 
is not fatisfartcirily underftood how the fire origin- 
ated. 
We are concerned to add that a poflibility of 
preferving this valuable property was fruftrated by 
the want cf a fupply of Schuylkill water.