DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY J. W. POWELL, DIRECTOR MINERAL WATERS BY A. C. PEALE ABSTRACT FROM “MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE UNITED STATES, CALENDAR YEAR 1885”—DIVISION OF MINING STATISTICS AND TECHNOLOGY WASH INGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1880 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY J. W. POWELL, DIRECTOR MINERAL WATERS BY A. C . P K A. R E ABSTRACT FROM “MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE UNITED STATES, CALENDAR YEAR 1885”—DIVISION OF MINING STATISTICS AND TECHNOLOGY WASH INGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OEEIOE 1886 MINERAL WATERS. By A. C. Peale. The returns of mineral waters received for 1885 show an increase of thirty-five in the number of springs, the waters of which were placed on the market. Notwithstanding this fact the production and its value were slightly less than during the previous year. This reduction occurred almost entirely in the North Atlantic, and Southern Central States, and is distributed among only five States in those sections, all the others showing an increase. The principal springs throughout the country not only hold their own, but report increased sales. 'JMie gen- eral decrease, which is slight, appears to be among some of the smaller and less-known springs, which in first putting the water on sale fixed the prices too high and have since had to reduce them. It is possible also that some of the reports from localities used as resorts, also included the local consumption, which has been eliminated in the reports for 1885. A number of localities used commercially as well as for resorts in 1884, sold no water during 1885, but furnished it free of charge to their guests and made no effort to push the water in the general mar- ket. A large number also have been furnishing the water at simply cost of freightage, with the view of introducing it, so that an increase may be expected in future figures. Alabama.—Of the six mineral springs of Alabama, recorded as plac- ing their waters on sale, only one makes no report for 1885, and of the five sending statistics in 1884 one reports no sales for 1885. The figures included in the statistics are made up from figures given by the follow- ing, viz: Bailey springs, Bailey Springs, Lauderdale county; Cullum springs, Bladen Springs, Choctaw county; Bladen springs, Bladen Springs, Choctaw county; Healing springs, Healing Springs, Wash- ington county; White sulphur springs, Sulphur Springs, Calhoun county. Alaska and Arizona report no mineral waters used commercially. Arkansas.—In 1884 Arkansas reported six springs, the waters of which were used commercially. One of these now furnishes the water with- out charge. The following list records the commercial waters of the State so far as we have received reports: Siloam springs, Siloam Springs, Benton county; Fairchild’s potash sulphur springs, Potash Sulphur Springs, Garland county; Eureka springs, Eureka Springs, Carroll county; Mountain Valley springs, Mountain Valley, Garland county. 536 MINERAL WATERS. 537 California has at least ten mineral waters of present commercial value. Only two of these were reported last year. In the present report the following have given statistics of sales : Pacific Congress springs, Saratoga, Santa Clara county; Castalian mineral water, Olancha, Inyo county; Napa soda springs, Napa Soda Springs, Napa county; Littou’s seltzer spring, Littoa’s Station, Sonoma county; Geyser soda spring, Litton’s Station, Sonoma county. Colorado.—The springs of Colorado are used mainly as resorts. Sta- tistics have been received from but one spring in the State as to com- mercial use of the water, viz: Seltzer springs, Springdale, Boulder county. Connecticut.—The report of the previous year contained no statistics from Connecticut, although the two springs reporting this year were noted and placed on the list. They are, Bozrah or Stark mineral springs, Bozrah, New London county; Oxford springs, Oxford, New Haven county. Dakota, Delaware, District of Columbia, and Florida are not repre- sented in the list of commercial mineral waters. Georgia.—Only two springs report the sale of waters, viz: Daniel mineral springs, Union Point. Greene county; Ponce De Leon springs Atlanta, Fulton county. Idaho reports no waters on sale. Illinois.—Of the four localities in Illinois whose mineral waters are said to have a commercial value, the following report their figures for 1885: Perry’s springs, Perry Springs, Pike county; Zonian springs, near Elgin, Kane county; Glen Flora mineral springs, Waukegan, Lake county. Indiana.—Although six of seven mineral springs of Indiana reported sales for 1884, this year only five have sent in figures. They are: West Baden springs, West Baden, Orange county; King’s mineral springs, WTilsou’s Switch, Clarke county; New Point Comfort springs, Blue Lick, Clarke county; French Lick springs, French Lick, Orange county; La Fayette artesian well, La Fayette, Tippecanoe county. Indian Territory has no mineral springs of present commercial value so far as the sale of the waters is concerned. Iowa.—The list of commercial mineral waters for Iowa is increased to four, from three in the previous year. Of these, however, only the fol- lowing three report figures: Ottumwa mineral springs, Ottumwa, Wapello county; Dunbar’s mineral springs, College Springs, Page county; Colfax springs, Colfax, Jasper county. Kansas.—The two springs on the list of Kansas mineral waters in 1884 have increased to five for 1885. They are: Iola mineral well, Iola, Allen county; Kansas artesian mineral wells, Manhattan, Riley county; Baxter’s medical springs, Baxter Springs, Cherokee county; Geuda mineral spriugs, Geuda Springs, Sumner county; Arrington min- eral springs, Arrington, Atchison county. 538 MINERAL RESOURCES. Kentucky.—The present list credits Kentucky with six springs whose waters are on the market—an increase of two over the previous year. Only three report figures of production: Upper Blue Lick springs, Davidson, Nicholas county; Bedford spriugs, Bedford, Trimble county; Lower Blue Lick springs, Blue Lick Springs, Nicholas county. Louisiana.—So far as learned none of the Louisiana mineral waters are used commercially. Maine.—Seven of the eleven springs of Maine send statistics of sales for 1885. They are: Rosicrucian spring, Rosicrucian, Lincoln county; East Boothbay spring, East Booth bay, Lincoln county; Poland min- eral spring, South Poland, Androscoggin county; Auburn mineral spring, Auburn, Androscoggin county ; Summit mineral spring, Ham- son, Cumberland county; Hartford cold spring, Hartford, Oxford county; Scarborough mineral spring, Scarborough, Cumberland county. Maryland.—The only mineral spring of Maryland reporting sales of the water is Strontia mineral spring, Brooklandville, Baltimore county. Massachusetts.—The number of mineral waters on sale from Massa- chusetts in 1885 is reported as seven, instead of three, as given in the previous report. They are the following: Everett Crystal mineral spring, Everett, Middlesex county; Echo Grove mineral spring, Lynn, Essex county; Berkshire soda and sulphur springs, Sheffield, Berk- shire county; Bethlehem springs, Holliston, Middlesex county; Com- monwealth mineral springs, Waltham, Middlesex county; Allandale mineral spring, West Boxbury, Suffolk county; Crystal mineral spring, Stoneham, Middlesex county. Michigan.—Four mineral spriugs of Michigan have waters on sale. Three of these report the sales for 1885. They are as follows : Mount Clemens mineral springs, Mount Clemens, Macomb county; Ypsilanti mineral springs, Ypsilanti, Washtenaw county; Moorman well, Ypsi- lanti, Washtenaw county. Minnesota.—The only spring in Minnesota reporting sales of water is Inglewood spring, Minneapolis, Hennepin county. Mississippi reports sales of waters from four springs in 1885 as against one in 1884. The springs reporting are Godbold mineral well, Sum- mit, Pike county; Castalian spring, Durant, Holmes county; Chalyb- eate acid spring, Grenada, Grenada county; Cooper’s well, Raymond, Hinds county. Missouri.—Six Missouri mineral springs are included in the returns. They are the following: Mooresville mineral springs, Mooresville, Liv- ingston county; Eldorado springs, Eldorado Springs, Cedar county ; Randolph springs, Randolph, Randolph county; Reiger springs, Mercer county (P. O. address, Liueville, Iowa); Sweet springs, Brownville, Saline county; Moutesano spriugs, Kimmswick, Jefferson county. Montana has none of her mineral waters on the market at present. Nebraska has no commercial mineral waters. MINERAL WATERS. 539 Nevada is not represented in the list of statistics for the Western States, as none of her mineral waters are put up for sale, so far as ascer- tained. New Hampshire.—Of five springs whose waters are sold, the follow- ing four have sent in figures for 1885: Birchdale medicinal springs, Concord, Merrimack county ; Bradford mineral springs, Bradford, Mer rimack county; Moultouborough mineral springs, Moultouborougli, Carroll county ; Milford (or Ponemah) springs, Milford, Hillsborough county. New Jersey has no mineral springs whose waters are found in the market. New Mexico.—Joseph’s hot springs, Ojo Caliente (Joseph’s), Ojo Cali- ente, Taos county, are the only ones in New Mexico furnishing any figures for 1885, and are probably the only springs in the Territory which at present regularly utilize the waters commercially, although the water of Aztec springs is sold to some extent in Santa FA New York.—Twenty of the thirty-four localities in New York whose waters are on sale report figures for 1885, and one, Cayuga spring, re- ported the waters as free. The statistics included in the tables are based on reports from the following: High Rock spring, Saratoga Springs, Saratoga county; Vichy spring, Saratoga Springs, Saratoga county ; Champion spouting spring, Saratoga Springs, Saratoga county; Star spring, Saratoga Springs, Saratoga county ; Putnam spring, Saratoga Springs, Saratoga county; Union spring, Saratoga Springs, Saratoga county; Excelsior spring, Saratoga Springs, Saratoga county; Victor spring, Darien Center, Genesee county; Sharon spring, Sharon Springs, Schoharie county; Deep Rock spring, Oswego, Oswego county; Artesian lithia spring, Ballston Spa, Saratoga county ; Verona mineral spring, Verona, Oneida county; Diamond Rock spring, Williamson, Wayne county; Nunda mineral spring, Nunda, Livingston county; Massena springs, Massena, Saint Lawrence county; Richfield springs, Richfield Springs, Otsego county; Chlorine springs, Syracuse, Onondaga county ; Adi- rondack springs, White Hall, Washington county; Oak Orchard acid springs, Alabama, Genesee county; Lebanon springs, Lebanon Springs, Columbia county. North Carolina has seven springs whose waters have a commercial value. Four of these have reported. One locality, Lemon Springs, which reported sales for 1884, now reports that the water during 1885 was distributed gratuitously. The following are the springs reporting figures: Panacea springs, Littleton, Halifax county; Leinster poison spring, Statesville, Iredell county; Parks alkaline spring, Casewell county (P. O. address, Dauville, Va.); Seven springs, Seven springs, Wayne county. Ohio.—The Ohio list for 1885 includes seven springs, an increase of one. The following have sent reports: Electro Magnetic springs, 540 MINERAL RESOURCES. Woodstock, Champaign county; Green springs, Green Spring, Seneca county; W yandot magnetic springs, Upper Sandusky, Wyandot county; Len-a-pe Magnetic springs, Delaware, Delaware county; Ohio Magnetic springs, Magnetic Spring, Union county; Cuyahoga lithia springy Parma, Cuyahoga county. Oregon has three springs whose waters are offered for sale. The two reporting are: McCallister’s soda springs, 35 miles east of Jacksonville, Jackson county; Wilhoit springs, Wilhoit, Clackamas county. Pennsylvania.—Five Pennsylvania springs report figures for 1885. They are the following : Black Barren mineral springs, Pleasant Grove, Lancaster county; Bedford springs, Bedford, Bedford county ; Gettys- burg Katalsine and Lithia springs, Gettysburg, Adams county; Min- nequa springs, Miunequa, Bradford county; Gulyck and Gaylord spring, Blossburg, Tioga county. Rhode Island.—The list for 1884 contained no data as to the springs of Rhode Island. Since then reports have been received from the fol- lowing springs in that State: Holly spring, Woonsocket, Providence county ; Ochee springs, Providence, Providence county. South Carolina.—The statistics given for 1885 include figures from three of the South Carolina springs as against one for the previous year. They are: Glenn springs, Spartansbnrgh, Spartansburgh county; Gar- rett’s spring, Spartansburgh, Spartansburgh county; Chick’s spring, Chick’s Springs, Greenville county. Tennessee reports sales of eight mineral waters in the State, an in- crease of one as compared with the return for 1884. The springs report- ing are the following: Tate’s epsom springs, Tate Springs, Grainger county; Rhea springs, Rhea Springs, Rhea county; Red Boiling springs, Red Boiling Springs, Macon county; Idaho springs, near Clarksville, Montgomery county; Mineral Hill spring, Bean’s Station, Grainger county ; West End mineral spring, Nashville, Davidson county; Hurri- cane springs, Tullahoma, Coffee county; Horn’s mineral spring, Leb- anon, Wilson county. Texas has eight springs whose waters are sold to a greater or less extent. Seven of these report as follows: Wootan wells, Wootan Wells, Robertson county; Mineral w7ells, Mineral Wells, Palo Pinto county : Texas sour springs, Luling, Caldwell county ; Crabtree sour wells, Sulphur, Hopkins county; Sour Lake springs, Sour Lake, Har- din county; Hynson’s Iron Mountain springs, Marshall, Hamson county; Dalby springs, Dalby Springs, Bowie county. Utah.—So far as learned none of the Utah mineral waters are seen in the market. Vermont.—Only four of the eight springs on the list, credited to Ver- mont, make reports for 1885. They are : Clarendon springs, Clarendon Springs, Rutland county; Alburgh springs, Alburgh springs, Grand Isle county ; Elgin springs, Pantou (P. O., Vergenues), Addison county; Brunswick white sulphur spring, Brunswick, Essex county. MINERAL WATERS. 541 Virginia.—Sixteen of Virginia’s springs report sales for 1885. The entire list includes twenty-one or twenty-two springs. The following are those reporting figures: Jordan white sulphur springs, Stephen- son’s Depot, Frederick county; Farmville lithia springs, Farmville, Priuce Edward county; Blue Ridge springs, Blue Ridge Springs Botetourt county; Seven springs, Abingdon, Washington county; Raw- ley springs, Rawley Springs, Rockingham county; Massanetta min- eral springs, Harrisonburg, Rockingham county; Bath Alum springs, Bath Alum, Bath county; Rockingham Virginia springs, Rockingham, Rockingham county ; Healing springs, Healing Springs, Bath county ; Wolf Trap lithia springs, Richmond, Henrico county; Hunter’s Pulaski alum springs, Dublin, Pulaski county; Rock Enon springs, Rock Enon Springs, Frederick county; Shenandoah alum springs, Shenandoah Alum Springs. Shenandoah county; Cold sulphur springs, Goshen, Rockbridge county ; Wallawhatoola alum springs, Millborougk Depot, Bath county; Buffalo lithia springs, Buffalo Lithia Springs, Mecklen- burgh county. Washington Territory.—The Medical Lake, Medical Lake, Spokane county, is the only mineral water of the Territory on sale. The waters are evaporated and the residuum is largely sold in addition to the water. West Virginia.—All of the six localities of West Virginia whose mineral waters are on sale have sent reports for 1885. These springs are as follows: Greenbrier white sulphur spring, White Sulphur Springs, Greenbrier county; Salt sulphur springs, Salt Sulphur Springs, Monroe county; Irondale springs, Raccoon, Preston county; Mineral wells, Parkersburg, Wood county; Capon springs, Capon Springs, Hampshire county; Red sulphur springs, Red Sulphur Springs. Wisconsin.—About fifteen of Wisconsin’s mineral waters are used commercially. Of these, reports have been received from thirteen, as fol- lows : Glenn spring, Waukesha, Waukesha county; Shealtiel springs, Waupaca, Waupaca county ; Mineral Rock spring, Waukesha, Wauke- sha county; Vesta mineral spring, Waukesha, Waukesha county; Zeno- bias fountain spring, Palmyra, Jefferson county; Bethesda mineral springs, Waukesha, Waukesha county; White Rock mineral spring, Waukesha, Waukesha county; Siloam mineral spring, Waukesha, Waukesha, county; Horeb mineral springs, Waukesha, Waukesha county; Saint Croix mineral spring, Farmington, Polk county; Gihon mineral spring, Delavan, Walworth county; Iodo magnesian spring, Beloit, Rock county; Prairie du Chien artesian well, Prairie du Chien, Crawford county. Wyoming Territory.—None of the mineral waters of Wyoming are used commercially. 542 MINERAL RESOURCES. Summary of reports of mineral springs for 1885. ® O W fVC u £ H 'gjs Springs not re- porting. Total springs used commer- cially. 1 M & * 00 CO •c Sf £.e 2 I iL ii .£ ft £ Total springs used commer- cially. North Atlantic States: Northern central States: 7 4 11 fi 1 . 7 4 1 5 5 2 7 4 4 8 3 1 4 7 0 7 3 1 4 Rhode Island 2 0 2 Wisconsin 13 2 15 2 0 2 1 0 1 20 14 34 3 1 4 0 0 0 6 1 7 5 0 5 0 0 0 South Atlantic States: Nebraska 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 o 5 Maryland 1 0 1 Western States and Territories : 0 0 0 o o 0 16 5 21 0 o 0 6 0 6 o 0 o 4 3 7 1 o 1 3 0 3 1 1 2 2 1 3 o 0 o 0 0 0 o o 0 Southern central States: Nevada 0 0 0 3 3 6 0 o o g 0 8 o 1 5 1 6 9 1 3 4 0 4 5 6 11 0 0 0 7 1 8 Total 169 55 224 Indian Territory 0 0 0 Arkansas * 4 1 5 PRODUCTION. Natural mineral waters sold in 1883, 1884, and 1885, tc S3 ts® 1883. 1884. P 1885. li II Gallons sold. Value. Gallons sold. Value. 80 _ •r Gallons sold. Value. a North Atlantic States ...,. 38 2,470,670 $282, 270 3, 345, 760 $328, 125 61 2,527, 310 $192, 606 South Atlantic States 27 312, 090 64, 973 464, 718 103, 191 32 908, 692 237, 153 Northern central States 37 1,435, 809 323, 600 2,070, 533 420, 515 45 2,9*5, M 446, 211 Southern central States 21 1, 441, 042 139, 973 1, 526, 817 147, 112 31 540, 436 74, 100 "Western States and Territories. 6 169, 812 52, 787 307, 500 85, 200 10 509, 075 86, 776 129 5, 829, 423 863, 603 7,715, 328 1,084, 143 169 7, 411, 401 1, 036, 845 Estimated 60 1, 700,000 256, 000 2, 500, 000 375, 000 55 1,737, 000 276, 000 Total 189 7, 529, 423 1,119, 603 10,215, 328 1,459, 143 224 9,148, 401 1, 312, 845 In the last report the figures for the northern central States in- cluded the entire output of the artesian wells of Madison, Wisconsin, the greater portion bf which, however, was used as the regular city supply for domestic purposes. This consumption, although of a strictly “ mineral water,” is now excluded from the computation, and in the foregoing table the figures for 1883 and 1884 have been somewhat changed from those given in the preceding report, the reduction being more in point of quantity than in value. MINERAL WATERS. 543 IMPORTS. Mineral waters imported and entered for consumption in the United States, 1867 to 1883, inclusive. Fiscal years ending Jnne 30- In bottles of 1 quart or less. In bottles in ex- cess of 1 quart. Not in bottles. All, not artificial. Total. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. ▼ alue. 1867 Bottles. 370,610 241, 702 344, 691 433, 212 470, 947 892, 913 35,508 7,238 4,174 25, 758 12,965 8, 229 28,440 207, 554 150, 326 152,277 88,497 $24, 913 18, 438 25, 635 30, 680 34,604 67, 951 2,326 691 471 1,899 1, 328 815 2,352 19,731 11, 850 17,010 7, 054 Quarts. 3,792 22, 819 9,739 18,025 2,320 $360 2,052 802 1,743 174 Gallons. $137 104 245 508 141 116 75 16 2 Gallons. $25,410 20, 594 26, 682 32, 931 34, 919 68,067 100,552 80,496 102,113 136, 788 168, 808 351,727 284, 509 305, 529 395,492 427,115 448, 493 1868 554 1, 042 2,063 1, 336 639 355 95 5 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 394, 423 199, 035 395, 956 447, 646 520, 751 883. 674 $98,151 79,789 101, 640 134, 889 167,458 350. 912 1876 1876 1877 . . 22 1878 1879 1880 3 4 798,107 282,153 927,759 285,798 1, 225, 462 383, 616 1, 542, 905 410,105 1,714, 085 441, 439 1881 . 55 26 1882 1883 It appears from the foregoing table that previous to 1873 natural mineral waters were not distinguished from the artificial waters. Since 1884 the artificial waters have not been classified according to the re oeptacles in which they have been imported. Imports for the fiscal years 1884 and 1885. 1884. 1885. Gallons. Value. Gallons. Value. Artificial mineral waters Natural mineral waters Total 29, 366 1, 505, 298 $4, 591 362, 651 7,972 1, 660,072 $2,157 397, 875 1,534, 664 367, 242 1, 668, 044 400, 032 EXPORTS. Exports of natural mineral waters, of domestic production, from the United States. Fiscal years ending June 30— Value. Fiscal years ending June 30— Value. 1875 $162 1881 $1,029 1876 80 42i 1879 1, 529 459 1880 li 486 1884 and 1885 None. The amount of artificial mineral waters exported is also trifling.