TB - PH -.VET' 1 
"DUTIES AND FUNCTIONS OF- MU I TAPI GOVEPiUIFT VETERINARY OFFICERS, 
PUBLIC HEAITH ANT r El FATE TECHNIC AT BUT! FT IN 
PH & r GHQ SCAP APO 500 
February 194-7 
This Bulletin has'been prepared to serve as a technical guid.e for 
veterinary officers on duty with Military Government Units in Japan, 
jicnergj • 
a. The veterinary profession in Jep?n is'of comparatively recent 
origin. Prior to the Me1ji restoration in 1868, the Japanese peoole did 
not consume meet or milk due to the fact that the Buddhist faith discour- 
aged the killing of animals. As the result of governmental encouragement 
since that time, domestic animals have been used for food, draft dnd 
pleasure on an ever-increasing, sca^e, 
b. MIT TTAPY GOVTT F'EFT ORGANIZATION IF JA.P/N 
(1) GHQ - SCAP - Tokyo 
(2) Headquarters Eighth /rray, Yokohama 
(3) Corps Headquarters (2) - IX Corns - Sendai 
I Corps - Kyoto 
(4-) Regional Military Government Teams (8) 
(c) Prefecture ""ilitery Government Teams (4/-) 
(6) District Military Government Teams (l) 
(Tokyo - Kanagama) 
c. The duties of Military Government-.,Veterinary Officers fall 
into two general categories: 
(l) The first is that of surveillance of Japanese veterinary 
end livestock officials to ascertain.if the. directives of the Supreme 
Commander are being complied with. SCAP, by memoranda, gives instruc- 
tions to the Imperial Japanese Government end by letter directs the 
Eighth Army to perform certain functions. Memoranda to the Imperial 
Japanese Government from SCAP ere numbered.. consecutively and have the 
short title of "SCAPII *’ (SCAP INDEX NUMBED), These directives are on 
file in ell Military Government Offices, SCAP may instruct the Tmperia1 
Japanese Government by means of Memorandum to a particular Ministry or 
Ministries, or may verbal instructions to the Ministries concerned. In the event that surveillance is required for instructions which ere given 
by either of these two methods, appropriate directions for exercising this 
surveillance wil1 be issued to the Occupation Force Commander, Eighth 
Array may 4ssue Operational Directives to subordinate units amplifying 
SCAPIN's or the letters of instruction received from SCAP. Operation?1 
directives ere numbered consecutively and have the short title "OD." 
Corps Headquarters may issue additional instructions amplifying OD’s re- 
ceived from the Eighth Array, 
On purely technical subjects, SOAP has issued Technical Bulletins, 
These have the short title r,TB - PH," Translations of these bul1etins have 
been given to Japanese technical agencies and are for the specific pur- 
pose of establishing a common b? sis of understanding between Occupation 
Forces and Japanese technical personnel. 
(?) The second general class of duties of the Military Govern- 
ment Veterinary Officer is that of giving professional guidance to the 
Japanese, 
(3) • weekly bulletin is published by the Public Hea1th and 
Felfare Section, SCAB, This is mailed directly to Military Government 
Teams, The purpose of this publication is to keep Military Government 
units informed of public health and welfare activities at SCAP level, 
?* Mission 
The mission of the veterinary service is to further tne primary 
objectives of Military Government by: 
a. Controlling diseases of and food animals and pets. 
b. Inspection of foods of animal origin. 
c. Establishment of a self-sufficient, indigenous veterinary 
service, 
3. Japanese Governmental Organization 
Veterinary Affairs in Japan are administered by three Ministries: 
a. The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, 
(1) Bureau of Animal Industry 
(a) Animal Hygiene Section 
1. Animal. Disease Control 
2. Port Quarantine 
3. Veter nary laboratories 
A, Veterinary licensure 
j5. Veterinary Medical Association 
6. Horseshoeing 
2 b. The Ministry of Health and Welfare 
(1) Public Health Bureau 
(a) Nutrition Section: 
2 reet and milk inspection 
(2) Pisease Prevention Bureau 
(a) Infectious Disease Prevention Section: 
2 Canine rabies control 
c. The Ministry of Education 
(l) Bureau of School Education 
(a) Veterinary Education 
d. Prefecture veterinary service is organized in a similar 
manner with meat and dairy inspection located in +he Health and. Eelfare 
Section and animal disease control in the Agriculture Section of the Pre- 
fecture Government. However, in some prefectures the two are united under 
one head, 
4. Directive to Japanese Government 
For the purpose of reestablishing s self-sufficient, indigenous 
ve.terinary service in occupied areas, the following directive was issued 
by the Supreme Command r for the Allied Powers on 30 October 1945. 
a. Memorandum to Imperial Japanese Government, AG 728 (30 
Oct 45) PH, SCAPIE 2U, dated 30 Oct 1945, Subject: Information on 
Animal Disease Control. 
This Memorandum directs the Japanese Government to inaugurate 
or reestablish measures for: 
(1) The control of animal diseases, 
(2) The inspection of meat and dairy products. 
Prepare and submit to this headquarters: 
(1) An immediate report of each initial case of Anthrax, Black- 
leg and Foot and Mouth disease, (Note: Texas Fever, Swi.no 
Cholera, Swine Plague £nd Swine Erysipelas were added on 5 
Jan 1946). 
(2) A monthly report of animal diseases by Prefecture to include 
Anthrax, Infectious Abortion, Black1eg, Glanders, Foot and Mouth Disease, 
Scabies, Swine Plague, Swine Erysipelas, Swine Cholera, Texas Fever, Fowl 
Pest, Ehite Diarrhea of chicks, Rabies and miscellaneous. (Note: Equine 
infectious Anemia, Equine Abortion and Strang1were added on 5 Jan 46). • . , * I ' , 
(3) /nnua.l report on bovine tuberculosis eradication, 
(4-) h monthly moat inspection report by Prefecture. 
(5) A monthly milk inspection report by Prefecture. 
(6) /nnual report or the preparation and distribution of 
veterinary sera, vaccines and biologicals, 
5. Duties vnd Functions of Mj~! * tarv Government Veterinary rffleers: 
r. References - Memorandum, GHQ, SCAR, /G 72B (18 Ti ar 4-6) PH, 
Subject: Information of Genera] Application Pertaining to 
the 'bove Directive* • ■ 
l etter, GHO, SCAP, AG 7?B (18 Mar -46) PH, to: C.G., Eighth 
/rmy, Subject: An'mel Disease Control, 
Operational Directive - M40/I Headquarters Eighth Army, 19/5. 
b. Manner of Accomplishment 
Supervisory action by Military Government Veterinary Officers 
in the execution of instructions to the Imperial Japanese 
Government contained in the above directive will be ac- 
complished by: 
• 0) Snrveitlar.ee of Japanese officials in the Health Depart- 
ment of etch Prefecture Co ernment and investigation at 
• local levels in the manner of’performance of the fof- 
1owing activities: 
(a) Ante mortem.inspection of animals prior to slaughter, 
(b) Post mortem nspection of carcasses to be used 
, 1 for food. , ' ■ 
(c) Products inspection. This includes cutting, 
storage, refrigeration, cooking, smoking, can- 
ning, pasteurization, manufacture and distribution, 
(d) Disposal of wastes and condemned parts, 
(o) Sr nit ation of equipment and premises. 
Ref: Meat * inspection Technical Bulletin, 
TB -,PH - Vet. 3, PH & W, GHQ, SCAP, ARO 500, 
IB December 194.6, 
Slaughter House Tawd'32, 1906, Imperial Japanese 
Government, Meat inspectors-arc employed by 
Prefecture Governments, Inspection is maintained 
in 712 slaughterhouses by 625 inspectors, 
(f) Fairy inspection, including: 
2. Sanitation of dairy farms and milk plants. 2. Methods of pasteurization 
Two methods rre authorized: 
Low temperature - 63° - 65° C (14.5° - 14-9° F) 
for thirty minutes. 
High temperature- 95° C or over (203° p) for 
twenty minutes. 
3. Bacteriological examinat‘ons: 
Breeds method is used exclusively. 
Standards - Special Milk, 
less than 50,000 bacteria per cc end not less 
then 3.3 percent butterfat. 
Few or pasteurized by low temperature method. 
Produced by tuberculosis and contagious abor- 
tion free coy/s. 
Ordinary Milk - Less then 2,000,000 bacteria 
per cc end nc.t less than 3.0 percent butterfat. 
Manufacturing Milk 
>4« Sediment test, 
5, Cooling and Mottling, 
6, refrigeration, storage and distribution. 
7, Sterilization and cleaning of equipment, 
B, Health of dairy cows, including tuberculin 
and other tests, (Ref: Cattle Tuberculosis 
Law, Apr 13, 1901). 
0, Health of enrol eyees, 
IQ. Rendition of reliable monthly meat and. milk 
inspection reports. 
Mote: It is sugere°4ed that Mi"1 itrry Govern- 
ment Veterinary Officers require 
Japanese officials to furnish an 
English copy of the report which is 
sent to the Ministry of Health end 
r’clfarc. 
21 • Dairy Score C rd — The Ministry of Health 
and Welfare has recently adopted the Score 
Card method of dairy farm inspection and 
directed its use in the field. In using 
this method each dairy farm is scored once 
each month and a copy of the card left with 
the owner, A of less than 50 for three 
consecutive inspections is cause for disap- 
proval, Ref: Dairy inspection Technical Bulletin, vp - PH - Vet. 2, PH & r-, GHQ, SCAP, 
'PC 500, 22 November 194-6. 
■'! Milk Code 1933, Impcrir1 Japanese Government, 
Milk inspectors ore employed by Prefecture 
Governments.* 
Prefecture.! Governors are charged with the 
responsibility of enforcing meet and dairy 
re-gulatiens. and the employment of competent 
inspectors, 
(2) Surveillance of Japanese officials in the Agriculture 
Department of each Prefecture Government end investiga- 
tion at loca1 levels in the manner of performance of 
the following activities: 
(a) Quarantine and isolation of animals found to be 
diseased, 
(b) Disposal of'dead animals and infected materiel, 
(c) Sanitation, including disinfection of infected 
promises, rodent, vermin and insect control, 
(d) Immunization and quarantine of animals in infected 
areas, F.cfs Infectious .Disease Control Law #29, 
April n0, 1922, Imperial Japanese Government, 
(e) rendition of reliable notifiable disease reports. 
Note ; It is suggested that Mil iff ry Government 
, Veterinary Officers require Japanese 
, officials in the Prefecture Government 
to furnish English conies of immediate 
and monthly animal disease reports which 
are sent to the Ministry of Agriculture 
and Forestry, 
(?) Veterinary laboratories. 
Surveillance in the manner of performance of the fol- 
lowing activates; 
(a) Manufacture of biologicals, sera and vaccines. 
(b) /nimal disease experiments, 
(c) Diagnostic service, 
(d) Food chemistry. 
(c) ■ Government laboratories under Ministry of Agri- 
culture and Forestry: 
Tokyo - Tokyo Prefecture Kodaira - Tokyo Prefecture 
Shichinohc - Aomori Prefecture 
Fcdayaraa - Hyogo Prefecture 
Taniyama - Kagoshima Prefecture 
(f) Government laboratories under Tokyo Imperial University: 
laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, Institute of Infectious 
Diseases - Tokyo To. 
(g) Prefecture Laboratories-: 
Utsunomiya - Tochigi Prefecture 
Urawa - Seitema Prefecture 
Kanazawa - Ishikawa Prefecture 
Okeyamr - Okayama Prefecture 
Miyazaki - Miyazaki Prefecture 
Osaka - Osaka Prefecture 
(h) Non-government laboratories: 
laboratory of Japan Veterinary 
?'edical /ssociation - Tokyo To 
Kitasato Institute - Tokyo To 
Oshida Institute - Tokyo To 
Kobe Eisci Institute - Kobe Prefecture 
(A) Port Quarantine 
Surveillance in the manner of performance) of port quarantine 
of animals at the following locations: 
Hakodate, Ota.ru, Yokohama, Nagoya, Osaka, Kobe, Izuhara, 
Tsuruga, Shiraonoscki-Moji, Hr kata, Nagasaki and Kagoshima. 
Pcf: regulations relating to Port Quarantine Inspection, 
Ord, #2, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Jan, 
1923. 
Memorandum to Imperirl Japanese Government AG 091*31 
(21 June 4.6) GD (SCAPIN-1523-A). (Prohibits importa- 
tion except when approval ?s obtained from SOAP), 
Circular H10, Foreign Quarantine Regulations for 
Japan, GHQ, SOAP, 28 Oct 4-6. 
(5) Voter! nary Education 
Surveillance over the activities cf Veterinary schools and 
col leges. 
(a) The Japanese Council on Veterinary Educ tion, organized 
under the direction of SOAP has recently submitted the 
following improvements to the Fin'3try of Education for nclusion in the new Japanese educational system, 
1, An immediate increase in the length of the course 
from three to-four years, 
2. An immediate termination of middle school veterin- 
ary educeticn by not star+ing new classes. 
2. The 6-3-3-A plan.,(6' years primary, 3 years inter- 
mediate, 3 years higv, U years college) effective 
in 5 years, ■ 
(b) Veterinary Educational Institutions 
. 1,. Imperial Universities which admit high school 
graduates only, and offer a 3 year regular course 
followed by a 2 year-post-graduate course; 
Tokyo Imperial University 
Hokkaido Imperial University 
2, National Government Colleges of Agriculrture and 
Foreotry,.which admit middle school graduates and 
offer a 3 year course: 
Obihiro. 
Utsunomiya 
Gifu 
Kagoshima 
Morioka 
Fuchu 
Tottori 
Miyazaki 
2* . Prefecture co1leges which ?dmit‘middle school 
graduates and offer a three year course: 
Osaka , 
• Yararguchi 
A. Private colleges which admit middle school graduates 
.and offer a three year course. Air ere located in 
Tokyo:..... \ ■; • 
Keio 
Tokyo 
Azabu 
Niupon 
5. Prefecture ..middle agriculture schools which admit 
primary school graduates and offer a 3 year course, 
. _ which.is more sericulture than'veterinary, Educa- 
tion of this nature now being terminated: 
Aomori 
N a pc. no 
■ Chits 
Miyagi 
Okayama. 
Kumamoto 
(6) Japrnese Veterinary Profession.Surveillance over the 
activities of all veterinarians, 
(a) Veterinary surgeons are under the control of the 
Ministry of 'griculture end. Forestry, This agency reports that there are approximately 22,000 veter- 
inarians in Japan at the oresent time, "’any of 
these are graduates of middle schools where the 
instruction is more agriculture than veterinary 
and consequently they are very poorly trained. 
They are employed by stock farms and dairy plants 
in great numbers, Most of the important oositions, 
both public and Drivete, are held by graduates of 
the Imperial Universities while the bulk of actual 
practice is carried on b~r graduates of national 
and private col leges. 
(7) Veterinary Licensure 
Surveillance of licensure orocedure. 
(a) A license is granted without examination upon 
graduation from a college approved, by and func- 
tioning under the control of the Education 
Ministry, Orly non-graduates of these schools are 
required to submit to a” examination in order to 
obtain a license, 
(b) The Council on Veterinary Education under the 
direction of SCi'P is sponsoring a change in the 
law which will require an examination for all 
candidates for license, to administered by 
the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. 
(8) Japan Veterinary Medical /ssociation 
Surveillance over the activities of veterinary or- 
ganizations . 
(a) The Japan Veterinary Medical Association functions 
under the control of the Ministry of Agriculture 
and Forestry. Military Government Veterinary 
Officers on duty with Legion and Prefecture Teams 
should utilize every opportunity to stimulate 
interest in this organization and to encourage 
the formation of local units of a similar nature, 
(9) Supply 
Surveillance of the ad~quacy of veterinary supplies and 
efficiency of procurement. 
Japanese veterinary supplies are becoming more avail- 
able and it Ms suggested that Military r-overnment 
Veterinary Officers check with the local supply agency 
located in the Health or Agriculture Section of Pre- 
fecture Government to assure that they have taken steps 
to make requisition through Japanese channels for 
needed supplies. (10) Animal Industry. 
Courtesy surveillance of livestock activities, 
(a) The breeding, feeding and handling of livestock 
is the responsibility of the Natural Resources 
' Section, GHQ, SCAP and any• activity on the part 
of the veterinary service in -connection with this 
industry is in the nature of a courtesy surveil- 
1ance, However,.Military Govevnment Veterinary 
Officers are in a position to render valuable 
assistance to the•livestock Industry’and should 
give freely of the:‘r time and knowledge at every 
opportunity. 
The number of animals is decreasing due to a food 
shortage and the estimated 1946 population as of 1 
February is as follows; 
Pairy cattle 163,258 
Work cattle 1,826,5Q8 
Horses 1,049,393 
Hogs .. 88,082 
Sheep ' * 196,4-25 
Goats • • • 252,700 
Rabbits 1,84-7,000 
Chickens 17,000,000 
(31.) Liaison 
Liaison- will be maintained with: : 
a, Public Health and Welfare Section, GHQ, SCAP. 
b, military1Government Section, Headquarters Eighth /rmy 
• c, Corps Military Government. 
d. Public Health, Agriculture and Supply Sections, 
Region and Prefecture Military Government Teams. 
e. Health, Agriculture and Supply Sections Prefecture 
Government, 
(12) Reports 
\ 
a. Higher headquarters will be kept informed concerning 
the status of veterinary' affairs in the local pre- 
fecture through the medium of the Monthly Report of 
Military Government activities, 
b. Special reports, as necessary.’ 
6. Summary 
The surveillance responsibility of Military Government Veterinary Officers will require frequent detailed investigations at local levels to 
determine status of compliance by local Japanese veterinary and livestock 
officials with the instructions of the Supreme Commander for the Allied 
Powers to the Imperial Japanese Government, Centro "I of epidemic animal 
disease is of orimory importance. Personal investigation of significant 
outbreaks accomoaniod by civilian officials is necessary in order to 
determine the efficacy of control measures in effect and the rendition 
of required reports. 
Slaughterhouses, milk plants and dairy farms must be visited in order 
to determine the existence and adequacy of inspections. The frequency 
and adequacy of reports must be investigated in order to insure authentic 
statistical data, /ny failure on the part of the Japanese agencies to 
carry out adequately all instructions will be reported immediately through 
channels whenever the irregularities cannot be corrected locally,. 
11