ITEM No. 24 
FILE No. XXIV—5 
COPY No... 
INSTITUT FUR FLECKFIEBER-UND 
VIRUSFORSCHUNG DES O.K.H. 
COMBINED INTELLIGENCE OBJECTIVES 
SUB-COMMITTEE INSTITUT FUR FLECKFIEBER - UND VIRUSFORSCHUNG DES 
OBERKOMMANDOS DES HEERES AT ROTH, BAVARIA 
2? - 30 April, 1945 
16 - I? May, 1945 
Summarized from Reports By 
Lieutenant Colonel JOSEPH E. 'SMADEL, M.C., A.U.S. 
Captain HANS E. SCHLUMBERGER, M.C., A.U.S. 
First Lieutenant EUGENE P. SOLES, M.A.C., A.U.S. 
all of Medical Section, Hq. ETOUSA 
CIOS Target Number 24/241 
Medical 
COMBINED INTELLIGENCE OBJECTIVES SUB-COMMITTEE 
G-2 Division, SHAEF (Rear), APO 4-13 TABL£J£_CONI^^ 
Subject 
Page No* 
Introduction 3 
Section I 
Institut fttr FIsckfieber- und Virusforschung de« 
Oberkommandos des Heeres 
General Remarks 3 
Eistory of Present Organization 3 
Staff 4 
Animal and Louse Colonies 5 
Laboratories 6 
Techniques 
1. Louse Typhus Vaccine 6 
2« Mouse Typhus Vaccine 7 
3« Yolk Sac Typhus Vaccine 7 
4* Processing of Crude Typhus Vaccines 8 
5o Preparation of Fever Vaccine 8 
6. Rabies Vaccine • 8 
Trench Fever 9 
Typhus Vaccines in Stock 9 
Potential Postwar Uses of the Institute at Roth 10 
Rapid Agglutination Test 10 
Section II 
Laboratory at Schwarzenfeld 11 
Section III 
Underground Hospital, Ntfrnberg 11 
Appendices 
1o Analysis of Typhus Vaccine Prepared at the 13 
Institut ffir Fleckfieber- und Virusforschung 
2, Articles by Doctor Hermann Eyer 14 
d 
Composition of Team: As shown on Page 1* 
2 Introduction! The Information contained herein represents a con- 
solidation of two separate reports. The first was prepared by 
Captain Hans E, Schluraberger, M.C., A.U.S. and 1st Lieutenant Eugene 
P*Soles, M.A.C., A.U.S. after a trip to the several targets during 
the period 27-30 April 194-5. The second report was by Lt. Col. 
Joseph E, Smadel, M.C., A.U.S. and was confined to a discussion 
of his investigation of the Institut flISr Fleckfieber-und Virus- 
forschung des Oberkommandos des Heeres on 16 and 17 May 194-5. 
Those portions of the original reports which were primarily admin- 
istrative in nature have been deleted from this summary. 
Section I 
INSTITUT f«r FLF.CKFIEBER-und VIRUSFORSCHUKG des OBERKOML’IANDGS 
des HEERES at Roth,- Bavaria. 
General Remarks. The Institute is located about -J- mile south east 
of Roth, a town of about 7000 inhabitants situated on Highway 2, 
some 20 miles south of Nurnburg in Bavaria. The main building is 
a three-story stone structure of fairly modern construction about 
150 x 50 feet and containing about 80 rooms. This was used as a 
convalescent hospital before the war. It was enlarged for military 
purposes during the war and was turned over to the Institute on 
August 1944-. The main building is set on a hill in a fenced-in 
3-acre plot containing gardens and walks. Adjacent to the main 
building are several wooden sheds which now house small animals. 
The property extends an indefinite distance into the pine woods 
which surround the central plot. About 100 yards from the main 
building are two wooden barracks each of which measures about 100 x 
30 feet and contains some 20 fair-sized rooms. These barracks were 
used as a Luftwaffe training school for radio and navigation unttl 
the area was occupied by the Americans. Several large rooms in the 
main school house of Roth have been used by the Institute for am- 
puling vaccines and storage of supplies. A wooden barracks in the 
grounds housed a mouse breeding colony. The area was taken by the 
7th Army on 20 April 194-5. During the capture one shell blew an 
eight foot hole in the roof and did minor damage to the third 
floor of the main building. 
History ox Present Organization. The Institut fftr Fleckfieber-und 
Vlrusforschung des Oberkommandos des Heeres at Roth represents an 
amalgamation of the staffs and equipment of three such institutes 
that were set up in Poland, They were at Rabka (near Sracow), 
Lemberg and Cracow, under the direction of the Wehrmacht. It may 
be noted that I.G. Beringwerke also had a typhus vaccine production 
plant at Lemberg which began operating late in 194-3; this was ind- 
ependent of the Wehrmacht Institute. Dr. Hermann Eyer Oberstab- 
sarzt Wehrmacht, was in charge of the Cracow Laboratories, Drs. 
Ever and Wedgl were co-directors of the Lemberg Laboratories and 
Dr. Bickardt was director of the Rabka Laboratories. Rabka produced mouse lung typhus vaccine principally but had begun to 
develop the production of egg vaccine. Lemberg made only louse 
intestine vaccine while Cracow manufactured louse intestine vaccine 
principally but also had begun about 194-3 to make mouse lung vac- 
cine. Information obtained from technician assistant Anna Rohr- 
mann and from examinations of available records at Roth does not per- 
mit an accurate estimate of the quantity of vaccine produced by 
their three laboratories in Poland. It is evident that these lab- 
oratories were ordered to produce sufficient vaccine for the immun- 
ization of 2,000,000 persons in 194-0, Presumably these orders were 
complied with. However, in another report, mention is made that 
about 1,000,000 lice were constantly maintained at Cracow. Since 
100 infected lice are required for the three cc of vaccine used to 
immunize one man and, since it takes 20 days from the time of 
hatching of lice until the harvesting of infected lice, the maint- 
ainance of such a stock of.lice would yield not more than sufficient 
vaccine for 180,000 men per year. The R&bka laboratory harvested 
the lungs of 100-200 infected mice daily. Each pair of lungs were 
suspended in 5 to 10 cc of diluent depending on the rickettsial 
content of lung smears, hence, the production was approximately one 
liter of lung vaccine per day or in one year sufficient to vaccinate 
about 50,000 men with a course of 3 injections of lee each. No 
information on the production capacity of Lemburg was obtained. 
In the summer of 1944- as the Russians approached the Cracow 
area plans were made to move the typhus vaccine laboratories into 
central Germany, Roth was determined upon as the ne# site and in 
August 1944> Or, Eyer began to repair and remodel the building 
now occupied by the Institut, Equipment and female technicians were 
sent back from each of the laboratories in Poland to stock and staff 
the new laboratory. Work was carried on at the parent laboratories 
until 19 January 194$> two days before they were occupied by th* 
Russians. The remaining officers and men who were subsequently 
captured at Roth by the Americans departed at that time from the 
Polish area with several convoys of equipment. Some of this 
was destroyed by American bombers while in transit. Most of 
the equipment from the Lemberg Laboratory was abandoned at 
Tschenstochau because of the rapid pursuit of jjhe Russians, 
Adaption of the main building at Roth to laboratory use pre- 
ceded; during the following winter of 1944* In December small 
trial lots of egg and mouse lung vaccine were prepared for the first 
time in the new location. Soldiers were employed for most of the 
skilled technical work in the production of louse vaccine, A 
few small lots of louse vaccine were made after the3r arrival in 
early February, Large-scale production of none of the three types 
of vaccines had begun at the time of capture by the Americans, 
However, laboratories for the manufacture of egg and modse 
vaccinA had been completed as had part of those for the preparations 
of louse vaccine. 
5£af£. At the time of the American occupation the staff of the Institut consisted of 54 persons; there were? Leiter; Ober- 
stabsarat Prof Dr. Herman Eyer, Assistenten;StabiArzte Dr Joseph 
Daniels and Heinrich Naeckten, some 33 nonrcomnissioned officers 
and men of the Wehrmacht, 6 highly trained female technical assis- 
tants who apparently had a status in the Wehrmacht sirailiar to that 
of civilian technical asssistants in the US Army, 10 women who had 
formerly been employed as army censors and who were to be taught 
some laboratory techniques, a Polish mechanic and a German caretaker. 
Dr Eyer who is about 38-40 years of age was formerly Professor 
at the University of Erlangen. He has done good Investigative work in 
the field of virus and rickettsial diseases. He joined the Wehrmacht 
as Captain and was sent to Poland in 1940 to be co-director with Weigl 
of the typhus vaccine institute at Lemberg, He was promoted to his 
present rank of Major in 1941 or 1942* The female technicians deny 
that Eyer.had any Nazi affiliations, in fact, they maintained that the 
Wehrmacht was as non-political as is the American Army, In agreement 
with their expressed statements regarding Eyer it may be noted that 
his own signed correspondence, that was examined, never ended with 
"Heil Hitler", but that many letters he received from others did 
use such a form. 
Captain Joseph Daniels worked at the institute in Lemtterg 
apparently directly in charge of the louse vaccine laboratory. In 
addition he worked on rabies vaccine at the Pasteur Institute in Leriberg. 
The female technicians and female helpers work half of each day 
caring for the animal and louse colonies and doing stand by work around 
the Institute under the direction of Captain Miner*. They live in part 
of one barracks which was formerly the Luftwaffe school. They re- 
ceive no compensation other than quarters. Their food is purchased 
by them through civilian channels. They have enough savings to con- 
tinue on the present basis for a short time. 
Animal & Louse Colonies. There are several hundred rabbits housed 
in one of the wooden sheds and in several rooms in the basement of 
the main laboratory building. They seem in good condition but casual 
Inspection failed to reveal the presence of young. Several hundred 
guinea pigs are also housed in the basement of the main building. 
They appear well and there are many young animals. Mice are being raised 
in two places, i.e,, in a large room on the top floor of the main 
building and in half of a barracks building in the yard of the school 
house in Roth, The mice are well cared for and are producing young. 
Two mouse strains are maintained. One is a white strain which is 
said to be heavily infected with ectromelia. While typical cutan- 
eous lesions of this disease were not seen in the few mice examined, 
in general this line appeared to be not in the best of condition. 
According to the female technicians the second strain, a cross between 
the white mice and wild gray mice, was developed in order to get a 
strong healthy stock. The cross breed mice are sleek and frisky. 
A total of 1500 to 2000 nice make up the colony. 
5 Laboratories. A detailed description of the laboratory facilities 
of the Institute will not be given. Briefly, it may be stated that 
large well equipped rooms are available for the inoculation of egg 
embryos, adequate incubator space is at hand for the incubation of 
about 2500 eggs at one time and other facilities are available for 
the harvesting and processing of infected yolk sacs. Similarly 
rooms are equipped for the inoculation of large numbers of mice 
and for the harvesting and processing of infected lung tissue. A 
laboratory for the handling and hatching of normal lice is completely 
equipped. One room with tables and special equipment for six oper- 
ators for the intrarectal inoculation of lice is completed. Several 
similar inoculation rooms are in various stages of completion. A 
large room is equipped for dissection of intestines of infected lice 
by some 20 or 30 workers. Adequate space and equipment are available 
in rooms on each floor for the cleaning and sterilization of glass- 
ware. A tissue culture room is ready for use, A large library 
is well stocked with complete or almost complete series of the bound 
volumes of many of the important journals in the field of medicine 
and related subjectso A large kitchen occupies part of the first 
floor and a machine shop equipped with several lathes is found in 
the basement. 
IssMayss. 
1. Louse Typhus Vaccine. 
The main emphasis in typhus vaccine production during 
the entire war has been on the louse intestine type of product. The 
techniques employed are essentially those of Weigl with various minor ' 
modifications introduced to facilitate large scale production, “Sterile11 
hatched larvae are maintained under semi-aseptic conditions for 15 
days, then inoculated with a louse strain of epidemic typhus rickettslae. 
They are harvested on the 5th day and the dissected intestines are 
ground and suspended in phenol-physiological saline solution. 
Three dilutions are prepared for immunization: 1st*dose of lee con- 
tains material from 17 lice, 2d dose material from 33 lice and 3d 
dose material from 50 lice. The dissection of lice Intestines is 
considered a more tedious task than the intrarectal inoculation of l"‘ce 
by the technicians. A good worker can dissect about 300 lice per 
hour and the top number pet day is about 2000 for an exceptional 
technician. The dissectors never work more than 6 hours daily 
because of the eye strain and nervous tension. Generally one dissec- 
ting apparatus is shared by two workers who alternate frequently at 
the bench. Arrangements for the mass feeding of infected lice on 
typhus immune persons had not been made at Roth. In Poland, civil- 
ians were given one mark daily and some extra rations for louse 
feeding. .According to the female technicians there were always 
plenty of towns-people willing to carry lice (in boxes) for this 
recompense. Louse stocks and infected lice at Roth were carried only 
by members of the Institute at the time of the arrival of the Amer- 
icans. Typhus infected lice were immediately destroyed. Dried 
infected louse material stored in ampules is available if the vacc- 
ine work is to be continued. All of the workers bad recovered from 
6 epidemic typhus. They considered the infection as inevitable and 
depended on preliminary vaccination to ameliorate the attack which 
it apparently did in every instance. The impression 3n the labor- 
atory was that infection generally occurred from the inhalation of 
rickettsiae-laden dried louse feces. 
2. Maifift, Typfrug Vaccine 
A mouse lung adapted strain of epidemic typhus is used 
to infect mice by the intra-nasal route. The inoculated animals 
sicken and die about the 4th day. Impression smears are made of a 
number of lungs with the typical hemorrhagic pneumonia and are 
stained with victoria blue. On the basis of microscopic examination 
of this sample the batch is rated as f or ff rickettsial and diluted 
accordingly after grinding; 5cc of phenol saline are used per pair 
of mouse lungs when the rating is A and 10 cc when it is ff. The 
largest trial run made at Roth was with 300 mice. Technicians Anna 
Rohrmann thinks that this is the maximum number that can be handled 
at one time with the present equipment but that 3 such runs could be 
made each week. The laboratory facilities seemed adequate for such 
an output, however, this would require about 1000 mice each week 
which would necessitate a great increase in the mouse colony or 
purchases from other breeders. 
3. Yolk Sac Typhus Vaccine. 
Dr Eyer as well as certain German, French and Polish 
workers lay great stress on the morphological appearance of rick- 
ettsiae used for vaccine; long bacillary forms are frowned upon for 
immunization. As a result of this belief a peculiar cycle of passage 
is in current use In the Wehrmacht typhus vaccine laboratories. A 
strain is carried for 10 passages in the yolk sac, then passed 
through guinea pigs and* the infected guinea pig brain beturned to 
yolk sacs. This is followed because at about the 9th or 10th 
yolk sac passage the rickettsiae begin to appear as elongated 
structures. As a result of this policy it is debatable if a really 
well adapted egg strain of typhus rickettsiae was ever obtained at 
the institute. In any case the strain that was being used for egg 
work was lost when the 30°C refrigerator stopped because of the 
failure of electricity for some days after our occupation. 
In the preparation of egg vaccine, 7 day are injected 
into the yolk sac with a few tenths of a cc of l/lO dilution of in- 
fected yolk sac. The eggs are harvested on the 4th &o 6th day when the 
embryos become sluggish. The shell over the air sac is removed with 
scissors, the egg is poured into a potri dish and the yolk sac picked 
up with forceps and transferred to a second dish where it is drained 
and then put into a glass jar with beads. The yolk sacs are emulsi- 
ified by shaking with phenol saline solution. Representative yolk 
sacs in each lot are smeared and stained with victoria blue; the 
7 slides are classified as 1 or Ail, The last group is used for 
passage and when pooled for vaccine diluted with 25cc of phenol 
saline. Egg pools rated as ai are suspended in smaller amounts of 
phenol saline and eggs which are only A are discarded. It is obv- 
ious that the above procedure is not well adapted to the rapid 
handling of large numbers of infected yolk sacs. 
4. Processing of Crude Typhus Vaccines. 
Little information was obtained on the processing of the 
crude suspension of typhus vaccine described above in 2, and 3. 
However, an Inspection of the finished product gives one the impres- 
sion that little final processing is used other than low speed centr- 
ifugation. There are thirty liters of crude vaccine stored 
in a cool but unrefrigerated room in the basement, waiting to be 
finished and placed in ampules but the available staff does not 
know the necessary procedures. 
• 
The space occupied in the school house at Roth contains 
ampules and packing containers for at least 2,000,000 courses of 
louse vaccine. One room which is used for bottling vaccine has four 
of the ordinary type ampule filling and sealing machines. 
5. Preparation of Yellow Fever Vaccine. 
In 1940 Dr.Eyer was sent to the laboratory of Dr. Schftffner in 
Amsterdam to learn the technique for the preparation of yellow 
fever vaccine. A considerable amount of this vaccine was made in 
1942 but all production was stopped early in 1943 when the Allies 
re-conquered Africa. Technician Rohrraann thinks that Dr. Eyer 
obtained a mouse neurotrcyic strain of yellow fever virus designated 
564 from Schttffner, Some work was done with vaccine prepared from 
infected chick embryos, and with tissue culture material but most of 
the vaccine prepared for the Wehrmacht was made from infected mouse 
brain. Twenty, one gallon Dewar flasks were found in the attic 
packed with cottom and small ampules labelled yellow fever vaccine and 
containing dried material. The glass ampules are crudely made and 
the labels are not of the usual commercial type. This vaccine, approx- 
imately 2000 ampules was kept at -30°C until August 1944> when 
it was moved from Cracow; it has been at room temperature since then 
and is undoubtedly inactive now. 
6. Rabies Vaccine. 
Several small cartons containing sets of two dozen lee ampules 
of rabies vaccine were found. These were labelled Institut fftr 
Fleckfieber-und Vlrusforschung, Lemberg-Cracow, but the last two 
words had been crossed out. Eight rabbits supposedly inoculated 
with rabies virus were found in the isolation animal room in the 
basement of the main building. Che of these showed signs of central 
8 nervous system involvement when inspected. Additional information . 
on Rabies vaccine production could not be obtained. 
Trench Fever. The present situation at the Institut presents 
a unique opportunity in this war for a study of the infectious 
agent of Trench Fever. Trench Fever’, or Wolhynlan fever, which is 
caused by Rickettsia quintana was apparently not considered a 
problem of importance by the German Army, at least little evidence 
of investigative work on this disease has come to light. The 
typhus vaccine laboratory workers considered it a common" and bother- 
some disease in Poland which frequently caused infection of their 
louse strains and of the human feeders.0fLice infected with R. 
quintana and inoculated with rickettsiae/typhus were not excluded from 
the commercial bat hes of typhus vaccine. 
Several of the soldier technicians who maintained louse strains 
in Poland and at Roth had suffered from Trench Fever. One of these 
had his first attack about December 1944- and recurrent mild attacks 
occurred after he came to Roth. Two of the female technicians 
accepted louse strains from the soldiers when they were captured on 
20 April. About two weeks later one of these girls, Meiser, devel- 
oped generalized pains: and fever and was hospitalized for several 
days. Her lice also became sick and most of them died; the rest 
were killed because none of the others girls would accept them, Abouf' 
this same time another girl, Boehm, had a mild -attack of a alfoilar 
nature but was not hospitalized. On 16 May Boehm again developed 
malaise and chilly sensations. She had maintained her louse colony 
throughout this period. The juxtaposition of persons with Trench 
Fever, infected and normal stocks of lice, and laboratory facilities 
for the handling of fertile eggs warrant an attempt to isolate R. 
quintana by passage in the yolk sac of embryonated eggs. It will 
be recalled that Trench Fever was a common disease on the western 
front in the last war but that extensive studies failed to reveal 
a method of propagating the casual agent except in human beings or 
in Padiculus * humanus which is an obligate human parasite. 
TVphna Vaccines in Stock. Relatively little typhus vaccine 
is on hand at the institute in Roth. 3500 sets of three ampules 
each of crude louse, egg and mouse vaccine, total 30 liters, or 
roughly enough for 10,000 courses of immunization, are stored in 
the basement of the Institut. Most of the crude vaccine was prepared 
in Poland and shipped to Roth before the Germans were driven out of 
Cracow. 
Louse stocks were maintained by certain of the female technicians 
and by the soldiers. When the latter were taken away, several gawe 
their colonies to girls who had not been feeding.lice previously. 
A discussion of the subsequent infection of two of these girls with 
what was thought to be Trench Fever. L:ce are carried in small 
wooden containers with two wells covered by silk screening; these 
are adaptions of the usual louse carriers bjet are surprisingly light . They are sterilized at frequent intervals. In addition the skin 
area used for feeding is scrubbed with alcohol prior to attaching 
the louse box and the lice arc handled by sterile technique through- 
out their lives. Lice are fed once daily at present and are kept in 
37°C incubators between feedings.* Cloth patches laden with eggs are 
stored cat 37°C in test tubes with a constriction near the base. The 
hatched larvae fail totbe bbttom of the tube and are easily collected. 
Potential postwar uses of the Institute at Roth. 
• 
The Institute has facilities for the production of an appreciable 
amount of typhus vaccine. Arrangements had been made locally for 
acquiring 1000 fertile eggs per week but the equipment could handle 
5000 eggs per month. The theoretical capacity, thus, is about 
1.500.000 cc of egg vaccine per year. Mice could be handled at the 
rate of 1000 per week and should theoretically yield about 500,000 cc 
annually9 Actually production should be at least one third of the 
figures given above. Equipment is available for manufacturing about 
350.000 cc of louse typhus vaccine per year but actual production 
would depend on the availability of immune persons to feed the lice. 
Certain other biologicals can also be produced at the Institut. 
It should be pointed out that the Beringwerke of I.G. Farben 
at Marburg can make 12,000,000 cc of typhus vaccine annually and 
can produce practically,all of the other types of vaccines, anti- 
sera, and diagnostic biologicals required in Germany. However, Is 
it our intention to leave the I.G. in a completely monopolistic 
position in Germany? 
i 
Rapid Aggluturation Test . 
Dr. H. Eyer has developed what he calls a-Fleckfieber-Folien- 
test (FFT). See Eyer H. and Brix, W.j Die orientierende Frobeaggl- 
utination als diagnostischer Schnelltest. Die serologlsche Fleckfieb- 
erdiagnose unter FeldverMltfcissen; Deutscher Milit&r Arzt: P 193, 
1943. The material consists of 50 test sheets packed in a bake- 
lit e box; instructions for use are included in each box. Each 
sheet measures 2-J- x 1“ and is transparant. It resembles heavy cello- 
phane, Near one end is a dried, blue stained suspension of Proteus 
OX-19. At the other end of the sheet is a space for the date, name 
of patient and result of test. A drop of water is placed on the 
sediment and allowed to remain there without stirring until a uniform 
suspension is obtained. A drop of patient1s blood is then added. 
If the test ispositive, the bacteria will agglutinate as blue-black 
clumps, leaving the background a bright red. The test is not positive 
until the 6th day of illness. A number of these test kits were found 
in the Institut. 
10 Section II 
Laboratory at Schwarzenfeld 
This laboratory is located in a monastery at Schwarzenfeld on 
the top of a hill from which it dominates the surrounding countryside, 
The building occupied by the laboratory was built about 1934- for 
use as a* seminary. The conversion to a laboratory is quite complete. 
The individual rooms are fitted for studies and work rooms for the 
investigators. In many of the rooms there are galvanometers, 
ammeters, all manner of electrical equipment, spectroscopes, balances, 
etc, A large collection of books on electron and atomic phys5.es are 
present in several rooms*. The condition of the laboratory would 
indicate than an attempt had been made to move out the books and 
equipment, 
At the time of inspection, the building was being used by a 
signal corps unit as a radio relay station. The caretaker put in 
an appearance and was questioned. According to the informant, the 
director is Professor Nikuradsa, physicist at the University of 
Berlin and formerly at the Technische Hochschule in Munich, The 
laboratory was moved from Berlin to Schwarzenfeld about 1 October 
1943. Associates of Dr. Nikuradsa were Dr, Berger and Frau Dr, 
Joarges. Dr. Berger who appeared during inspection of the building, 
was interrogated. He was very anxious to obtain his personal papers 
and insisted that he and the other investigators had been conduct- 
ing non-military studies on fundamental problems of physics0. Since 
no one present had sufficient technical knowledge to be wholly certain 
of the truth of the statement. Dr. Berger was forbidden to remove 
anything from the building, though permitted to continue working 
therein. This latter was done primarily with a view to prevent 
looting and needless destruction of equipment. Dr.Berger will report 
to the burgomeister who will turn the building over to the military 
government, 
Besides the physical research group, the monastery also housed 
the HIhstitut fftr Contientale Forschung0 which moved there at 
about the same time. According to Dr. Berger, the two chief workers 
of that department were Dr, Gttnther and Dr. Witt, A library held 
books on agricultural and industrial statistics of Germany and other 
countries; likewise, numerous books on continental politics and the 
Nazi Party. Stacks of newspapers, prominent among them were those 
of United States and Many issues of the New York Times 
had been photstated. All the newspapers dated from 1940 to 1943. 
Dr. Berger denied any closer knowledge of the work carried on by 
this group. 
Section III 
Bunker and Underground Hospital, NttruhflEg 
The buildings of the Allgemeines Krankenhaus der Stadt Nlirnberg 
are almost wholly destroyed as a result of aerial bombing and fire. The presence of a large factory target nearby, probably accounts for 
this destruction. However, on the hospital grounds, there are 
two units which are undamaged. Both were specially constructed 
for this purpose during the war. 
A large, square, four-story- bunker type, windowless building 
has a bed capacity of 200. Originally set up as an obstetrical and 
gynecological unitf it is now used for all purposes of a general 
hospital, including care of infants. Each ward contains approximately 
twenty two-tiered bunks giving a total capacity of 4-0 beds. Pre- 
heated air is pumped in at one end, exhausted at the other end of the 
room. This air provides both ventilation and heat. Power for the 
pumps is sUi/plied, by electrical motors. If these fail, e.g. during 
an air raid: an auxilliary diesel engine is used. The operating 
room facilities as well as over-all organization and equipment of 
this hospital, ate similar to those of any good modern hospital. The 
4-6 foot thick walls of reinforced concrete withstood the test of 
aerial and artillery bombardment. Several direct hits were scored 
as indicated by the condition of brick super structures on the roof. 
In another part of the hospital area is a lawn approximately 
100 feet square. Beneath this is a one story hospital of 100 beds. 
The roof consists of 4 feet of steel beams and reinforced concrete 
covered by 4 feet of earth. The ventilation and heating is similar 
to that, in the bunker building. The wards and single operating room 
are well equipped but present no new or unusual features. Accord- 
ing to the chief surgeon, only minor tremors were felt even during 
the heaviest aerial attacks. 
12 APES xM SIX I 
Analysis of Typhus Vaccine Prepared at the Institut fflr 
Fleckfieber-und Virus Forschung •_ 
Samples of typhus vaccines prepared from irfedted mouse 
lung and from infected lice were obtained from the Institute 
Both vaccines probably had been prepared late in 1944 since 
they bore expiration dates of December 1945# It is likely 
that they were made end ampuled in Poland since their serial 
numbers were followed by "Krakau"* They were issued in sets 
of three ampules, numbered 1 to 3, and contained suspensions 
of increasing density and deeper brown color as the series 
progressed# 
Stained smears of the German mouse and louse typhus 
vaccine showed numbers of intact rickettsial-like bodies# 
These were quite numerous in the Krill ampules of both types 
of vaccine*" The results of complement fixation studies on 
the German vaccines, indicate that the least concentrated 
suspension, i.e., Nrl, of each type contains appreciable 
amounts of complement fixing antigen and that the Nrlll 
ampules of louse and mouse vaccine have OF titers that 
compare .favorably with the yolk sac typhus vaccine used 
by the U# S# Army. Like the American vaccine, the German 
fixes complement with both epidemic and murine typhus 
antibodies- Animals were not immunized with the vaccines 
in order to test their resistance to infection of their 
anti-body production* 
TAELS 
Specimen Serum C - F Titers 
Nr*(Series)I 
TL 
III 
'*323~Fleckfieber-Impfstoff Epidemic 1;S ; 
L;S4 
1:32 
aus Mauselungen 
Ampullen Nr.1,11,111* liurine Not Done 
N.D. 
1:24 
Op. Mr. 12. Krakau T v 
Verve ndbar bis XII,1945 Saline tg|5Jl:2 
1:2 
1:2 
(anti-complimentary control) 
Fleckfleber-Impstoff Epidemic 1;4 
1:8 
1:12 
nach Weigl 
Ampullen Nr.1,11,111* Murine N.D* 
N.D. 
1:8 
Op.Nr.G. Krakau 
Verwendbar bix XII.1945 Saline 1:2 
1:2 
1:2 
(anti-complementary control) 
~ 
13 APPENDIX 2 
Articles by Doctor.Kermaon. £yer 
A. Publications since 1940 
1240 
Ein ZusatzgerSlt sum Blutgrup- 
penbesteck d. 
0 szozepieniu ochronnym przeciwko 
durowi plamisterau metoda Weigla 
Zur Frage der Kaltc-Hochvacuum- 
Trocknung empfindlicher biologischer 
V.d.Mil, Arztl.Akaderaie 
5, 335, (1940) 
Zdrowie i Zycie 
1, 99, (1940)' 
Z.f. Hyg. 
122. 584, (1940) 
Die Agglutininanalyse nach Weil und 
Felix im Massenversuch. I.Teil 
Die durch L&use ftbertragbaren In- 
fektionskrankheiten und ihre 
Bek&npfung 
Das Fleckfieber bei Schutzgeimpften 
Verlaueung und Entlausung unter be- 
sonderer Berwicksichtigung der Fleck- 
f ieberbek8.mpf ung. 
Das Problem der Fleckfieberschutz- 
impfung u, ihre Bedeutung f.d. 
Praxis 
Die Fleckfieberprophylaxe beim 
Deutschen Heer. 
Das Fleckfieber 
Die vorbeugende FleckfieberbekUmpf- 
ung beim Deutschen Heer.EinBildber- 
’icKt 
1941 
Z.f, Hyg. 
122,589 (194-0) 
Med. Welt. 
261, (1940) 
Z.f. Hyg. 
122,702 (1940) 
D.prakt, Desinfekter 
Heft 5 (1941) 
D.offent. Gesndheits- 
dienst Abt.Bjj? 97 
(1941) 
Deutsch. Arzteblatt 
21, 61 (1941) 
Kolnische Zeitung, 
Leitartikel,Nr.103 
(19a) 
Leipzig,Illustr. 
Zeitg.Nr.4974,444 
(1941) 
1242 
Zur Epidemiologic des Fleckfiebers. 
flber das Fleckfieber 
Die Serologic des Fleckfiebers.Eine 
vergleichende Untersuchung. 
Zusammen m. Hermann Dillenberg. 
Fleckfieber 
Die orientierende Probeagglutination 
als diagnostischer Sclinelltest .Die 
serologische FleckBieberdiagnose unter 
Feldverhftltni ssen. 
Zusammen mit Waldemar Brix 
liber den Feinbau der Fleckfieber- 
rickettsien. 
D.Deutsche Mili- 
tftrarzt 333 (1942) 
Hippokrates (1942) 
859 
Zof.Hyg. 
Artikel Nr. BLehrbuch 
d. Wehrhygiene 
d. DeutscheMilitar- 
arzt (1943) 
Zof. Hyg. Zusammen mit Hans Ruska 
Tiber das Fleckfieber und seine neu- Wien. Kl.Wo.(1943) 
zeitliche Bek&npfung. (Vortrag i.d. 
Kaiser Wilhelm Gesellschaft) 
B. Completed experimental investigations, which it was not 
possible to prepare in writing owing to lack of time 
fThe protocola are available for inspection) . 
liber die rlckettsicide Wlrksamkeit der gebrftuchlichen 
Entwesungsmittel. Zusammen mit Heinrich Muckier, 
Zur Frage des f&rberischen Rickcttsiennachweises in 
Blut, Zusammen mit Weldemar Brix. 
Die Technik der Rickettsienagglutination. • Zusammen 
mit 0. Frey und 0. Kristen. 
Die K&lte-Hochvacuura-Trocknung erapfindlicher biologischcr 
Substrate. Tell II. Zusammen mit A. Rohrrann. 
Tiber. Bakterlenkonserven, Zusammen mit A. Rohrmann 
e.E.D. Schroder. 
Erfahrungen bei der Herstellung und Lagerung von 
Gelbfieberdmpfstoffen. Zusammen mit W, Brix und I. 
Ulmann. 
Die quantitative Agglutininanalyse auf Objekttr&gern. 
Teil II Methodik. Zuearamen mit H. Dillenberg und 
O.Frey. 
Das Fleckfiebertrockendiagnostikura. 
Gberempfindlichkeitsreaktionen nach Impfungen m5t 
Lausevaccine. Ein Erfahrungsbericht. 
Tiber das Toxin der Rickettsia Prowazeki, Zusammen 
mit Waldemar Brix. 
Die K&ltehochvacuumtrocknung empfindlicher biologischer 
Substrate - Teil III (Ergebnisse) 
Die quantitative Agglutininanlyse auf Obj ekttr&gern. 
Zusammen mit Ortrud Kristens 
Dor Fleckfieberfollientest und seine praktische 
Braunchbarkeit. Uber die rickettsicide Wirksamkeit der gebr&uohlichen 
chemischen Entwesungsmittel, Zusamrnen mlt Heinrich 
Muckier, 
Das Fleckfieber Schutzgeimpften - Teil II. 
Zusamrnen mit Z. Przybylkiewicz. 
Beobachtungen liber biologische Verschiedenheiten ben 
Prowazeki-Rickettsien versch.iedener Herkunft. 
Die Blutgruppenbestimmung unter Feldverhaitmissen. 
Zusamrnen mit Waldemar Brix. 
Bin Verfahren zur Gewinning der Gesamtblutmengc von Mftusen, 
Die wertra&ssige Beurteilung von Fleckfieber-impfstoffen. 
•Zusamrnen mit Heinrich Muckier. 
Bin Verfahren zur Sterilisation sporenhaltiger Impfstoffe. 
Zusamrnen mit H. Muckier und E. D, Schroder. 
Die Wirkung von Keiralingsextrakten auf das Bakterien- 
wachstura. 
Beobachtungen ben ftusserlicher Anwcndung des roten 
Prontosile. 
Uncompleted experiemfents 
Die pathologische Anatomic der experimentation Fleck- 
fieberpneumonie der weissen Maus. Zusamrnen mit Erika Lukas. 
Rickettsienf&rbungen, Zusamrnen mit E. D, Schroder. 
Versuche mit Fleckfieberirnmunseren. 
Versuche zur Beseitigung unspezifischer Eiweisswirkungen 
in den gebr&uchlichen Fleckfieberimpfstoffen 
Bber das wirksame Prinzip des Fleischwassers. 
Die bevBlkerungspoiltische Situation einiger oberpf&l- 
zischer Landgemeinden. Zusamrnen mit Gertrud Eyer-Decker. 
Zur Frage der Rickettsienmorphologie, Vepgleichende 
elecktronenoptische Studien an verschiedenen Rickettsien- 
arten. Zusamrnen mit Hans Ruska. 
16