SUPREME! COMLANDSR FOR THE ALLIED POWERS REPORT OF FIELD TRIP TO HOKKAIDO AID NORTHERN HONSHU jGEi'EPUX HEiDQlLiRTERS SUPREME GOMvUJDER FOR THE ALLIED - COVERS Public Health and Welfare Section Veterinary affairs Subjection 3 January 1946 MEMORiJSDCM FOR THE RECORD, SUBJECT: Report of Field Trip to Hokkaido and Northern Honshu% r TO ; Chief, Public Health and Welfare Section, 1, In compliance with Letter Orders issued 10 December 1945* by General Headquarters, AFPAC, the cities of Sappord, Otaru, Hakodate and Aomori, and the prefectures in which they are located were visited during the period 18- 29 December 1945» for 'the purposes of surveying Japanese Veterinary Affairs and establishing liaison with Eighth Army and Military Government officials. 2., The following U, S. Army and Prefectural Headquarters, schools, slaughter houses, dairy plants and farms were visited; / i \ “7 sj r A, Si*P?QRO, HOKKAIDO Prefecture, (1) Headquarters IX Corps (a) Col, Charles A, Boyce* Deputy Chief of Staff (b) Col, T, L, Buckley, Adj, General (c) Lt, Col. W* Hf Cleveland, M3, Surgeon (d) Capt, B, H, Lowcnsohn, MC, Surgeon's Office (e) Capt, H, C* Smith, MAC:? Surgeon’s Office (2) Headquarters 77th Division (a) Major General A, D. Bruce, Commanding General (b) Col, R, A, Case-, Chief of Staff (c) Capt. R, E. Lau, MC, Surgeon (3) 105th Military Government Group (Assigned to IX Corps and preparing to move to SENDAl) (a) Lt,. Col., S, Malcaev/ski, Commanding Officer and Corps M,G/ Officer, (b) Capt, 0, A. Hobson, AC, Executive Officer (c) Capt, J, D, «ponnoble, MC, Public Health Section (d) Capt. F. A, Brov;n, Jr*, MG, Public Health Section (e) Lt.Y/, H. Taylor, SnC, Public Health Section (f) 2nd Lt, L, I, Halpert, Inf, Public Health Section 2nd Lt. Halpert is a veterinarian in civilian life but holds a commission in the Infantry, He hashbeen doing a lot of work with Japanese veterinary officials and livestock owners relative to Ml Operations, (4) 74th Military Government Headquarters and Headquarters Co, (This company will remain in SAPPORO) (a) Lt, Ool, E. P. Geesey, Commanding Officer and Div, M,G, Officer, (b) Major M, 0, Lee, Executive Officer (c) Lt. L, H, Grundset, 1C, Public Health Section (d) 2nd Lt, Max Seigal, SnC, Public Health Section (5) 27th Medical Laboratory (a) Ifejor Keith Downey, V, C. (6) HuKKAIDO Prefecture Headquarters ✓ Major K« Downey, VC, 27th Medical Laboratory and 2nd Lt, L. I, Halpert, Inf,, made simultaneous inspections of all places visited in the SAPPORO Area. A conference was held at prefectural headquarters with the following officials present: (a) Dr, KAKAI, Chief, Sanitary Section (b) Dr. BAMBA, Chief, Communicable Disease (c) Dr, K, SA1CYRAYA1/A, Chief, Livestock Section (d) Mr, SAJ/A, Chief, DairyJSa&ti^rr (e) Dr, G. LNAI, Chief, Animal Hygiene (f) Dr. TAKAHASHI, Chief, Meat and Milk Inspection The discussion covered the various phases of animal disease control and meat and dairy inspection, SCAP Directive 728 (30 Oct 45)PH, has been received and it was further dis- cussed and explained. The two most troublesome diseases at present are swine plague and equine contagious abortion. Post mortem inspection is being conducted in all slaughter houses. Dairy farm inspection exists but laboratory exarai- nation of milk is being neglected, The annual tubercu- losis test of all dairy cattle is being maintained, (7) HOKKAIDO Imperial University, Veterinary Science Sub- division (a) Professor Hohanaus is Director of the Veterinary Science SubDivision and Professor Iguchi is Director of . the Animal Husbandry SubDivision. (b) Organizations; Veterinary Science is a subdivision of the ZOCTECHNY Division in the Department of agriculture, Hokkaido Imperial University, The faculty is composed of four professors and two assistant professors. Much of the instruction is given in conjunction with animal hus- bandry subjecta. The course of instruction is three years in length. Entrance requirements are six years of common school, five years of middle school and three years of high school. The student body is divided into three clases. Fifty students are in attendance at the present time. The Doctor’s degree is not granted at the time of graduation but may be obtained by completing two years post-graduate work and submitting an acceptable thesis. The course of instruction covers the field of veterinary medicine very completely but it is believed that practical work is being neglected, large amount of clinical material is available in the vicinity but only one case was in the college hospital. (c) Physical Plant: The buildings are old, outmoded wooden structures, Classrooms, laboratories and clinic buildings need cleaning, repairing and painting. Coal for heating purposes is not being supplied in sufficient quantity to keep the buildings comfortable. The quantity of instructional material appeared to insufficient for proper instruction, (8) HOKKAIDO Agriculture Experiment Station, lAKOivluKAI (a) Mr. FUJXDTO is Chief of the Experiment Station and Dr, HISHIHArU is the Station Bacteriologist, This is a government supported station specializing in the breed- ing and feeding of livestock and in experimental inves- tigation of animal disease, (b) Organization; (1) Livestock Breeding Section (a) Dairy Cattle - 4° head of Holsteins, Ayrshires and Milking Shorthorns (b) Draft horses -’30 head of Percherons, and Hermans, including six stallions* (c) Hogs - 140 head of Yorkshires, Berkshires and Hampshires. (d) Rabbits (e) Ducks (f) Honey Bees (2) Zootechnical Experiment Section. (a) Farm Animal feeding (b) Forage crops cultivation (c) Experiments on livestock sanitation (d) Experiments on meadowscand pastures (e) Experiments on equine infectious abortion (Salmonella abortive equinus) and preparation of vaccine and serum (f) Experiments on pneumonia of sheep (Pasteruella Ovis ) (g) Experiments on utilization of livestock products (h) Diagnostic laboratory service , (c) Physical Plant: This includes buildings, pastures, farm land and herds which compare favorable with those in the United States, bacteriological laboratory is conducting experiments on animal diseqjoqjp- .and a chemical laboratory is doing similar/work wi n feeds and soils. The livestock is all highly bred and includes representatives from prac- tically all breeds. Feed is abundant and all animals are in good physical condition. (9} HOKKAIDO Imperial University Dairy Farm This is a Holstein herd composed of 4° animals. They show good breeding and are in good physical condition. The barn and milk house are in a delapidated condition and sanitation is being neglected. Dairy equipment is worn and outmoded, (10) HOKKAIDO K0K0K0SHA Co,, Ltd. (Agriculture Promotion Agency) Mr, M, SATOW, Mgr. This is the largest Dairy Unit in Japan. It is an association which is owned by dairymen and farmers and includes the following, all in Hokkaido* 26 butter factories 2 cheese factories 5 milk condensories 8 powdered milk plants 45 oity milk plants 2? casein factories 16 milk sugar plants 16 albumin plants 400 receiving stations 32.000 farmers 85.000 cows The Sapporo butter and casein factory owned and operated by this concern was visited. Sanitation is excellent. The equipment, excepting the churns, is outmoded* Laboratory control has been neglected since 1941* The association maintains a central laboratory in Sapporo for testing all its products. This association is the first dairy organization observed in Japan which requires the sediment test of milk at the time of receipt. (11) SAPPORO Milk Co. This is a fluid milk processing plant which pasteurizes and bottles 700 gallons of milk daily. The milk mostly comes by train. Sanitation is only fair in that the equipment is not dismantled daily for cleaning and sterilization. Steam is used for sterilization. The equipment shows much misuse and is badly worn. There are no temperature indicators on the pasteurizers and the temperature is determined by the use of hand thermometers. There is no laboratory control of products, nil cows supplying milk are tested for tuberculo- sis. (12) SAPPORO Municipal Slaughter House, Dr, KIRIKI, Inspector, A demonstration was staged in which 12 horses, one cow and three hogs were slaughtered. Ante and post-mortem examinations were satisfactory but sanita- tion was largely disregarded. The building is brick and tile, equipped .vith hoists, running water and drains but no heat. Modern packing house equipment is lacking. Slaughter, January 1 to December 20, 1945* Cattle 534* Calves 275* Horses 2052, and hogs 121, B, OIARU, HOKKAIDO Prefecture, (1) Headquarters CTARU Base and Railhead (GEAR) (a) Col, F, S. Fix, Commanding Officer. (b) Lt, Col. W, R, Lessard, Executive Officer (c) Capt. E. F, McDaniel, Surgeon (d) Capt, G* F, Tuorny, VC, 104th Food Inspection Det. (2) Military Government Section (a) 2nd Lt, R. J. Wissler (b) 2nd Lt. A. L, Chandler (3) Dr, TAKANASHI, Chief of Meat and Milk Inspection, HOKKAIDO Prefecture, and Capt. G, F, Tonray, VC, 104th Food Inspection Detachment, CTARU, made a simultaneous inspection, (4) OTARU Municipal Slaughter House Dr, H, WiJL-MaTSU, Inspector, A demonstration was staged in which eight horses were slaughtered, ..nte and post mortem inspections were conducted in a satisfactory manner but little regard for sanitation was evidenced. The plant is of wood construction with concrete floors, running water and drainage but no heat except for heating water. Modern pack- ing house equipment is lacking. Slaughter for 1945 to this date; Cattle 23I1 Calves 18, Horses 5°6* and Hogs I30. (5) OTARU Milk Plant, a branch of Sapporo Milk Co, Mr, K. HAYuISHI, I./^r,, and Dr. H, Wakamatsu, Inspector, This is a fluid milk plant processing and bottling 150 gallons of milk daily. The equipment is in very poor repair. Pasteuri- sation temperatures are determined by hand methods. The bottling machine does not cap the bottles and they are hand capped. Some long necked bottles are in use which are not thoroughly cleaned. Sanitation is neglected. Steam is used for sterilization. The building is so cold that water freezes on the floor before it can drain away. All cows are tested for tuberculosis and farms are inspected once each month. No laboratory control of products is practiced. (6) OTARU Milk Co, Mr, H, SUSTAKE, L^r., and. Dr, .11, WAKAMATSU, Inspector, This is a small privately owned plant processing 80 gallons of milk daily. The equipment is semi-modern but sanitation is poor in that cleaning and sterilizing of equipment is not thorough and house-keeping is neglected. Steam is available for ster- ilization, Pasteurization temperatures are determined by hand methods. The bottles are hand capped. No laboratory controls are in use. The building is unheated and much ice io in evidence. C. HAKODATE, HOKKAIDO Prefecture, (1) Dr, TAKAHASHI, Chief of Meat and Milk Inspection, Hokkaido Prefecture, made a simultaneous inspection. (2) HAKODATE Task Force (a) Brigadier General R, L, Burnell, Commanding General (b) Col, R. Gervais, Executive Office and Chief, MG Sect, (c) Capt, J, F, Keiffer, Adjutant (d) Capt, E. L, Fox, Surgeon (3J Military Government Section (a) Capt, N. H. ftallack, Executive Officer (4) HAKODATE Municipal Slaughter house G. KOIvffilASA, Hfer, , and K. ONGDERA, Inspector. This is the standard type Japanese slaughter house having concrete f floors, running water and no heat except for that used to heat water. There is no modern equipment such as stainless steel tables, chutes and carts. The floor is kept clean but the wooden tables and walls are not. November slaughter and inspection data is as follows: Species Number slaughtered total ■ Rejections nartial viscera only Horses 196 0 o- 3b Cattle 25 0 2 12 Hogs 2 0 0 0 (5) K0N0KG6HA Milk riant*. HAKODATE Branch R, OHYAML, Mgr. , and X. ONODFRA, Inspector,. This is a fairly modern plant containing butter, ice cream and milk depart- ments. The latter is the only one in operation now*. 40° gallons of milk received from 250 farmers and delivered by train, truck and sled is processed daily. Pasteurization time and temperature is satisfactory but the automatic equip- ment for determining the degrees of heat and time applied are out of order and hand methods are used instead. The sediment test is applied weekly to each farmer's milk. Milk showing No.. 1 and 2 discs is acceptable: No. 3 is used for butter making, and No, 4 is condanmed and returned to the farmer. No bacteriological examination is being utilized as a control measure. Dairy farms are inspected monthly and the tuber- culin test is applied annually. Plant sanitation is good. (6) TR1KTIST CONVENT Dairy Farm, Hakodate very fine herd of 25 purebred Holstein cows is main- tained by this institution. They are well fed and housed and show evidence of good care, A nearby milk room and butter and cheese factory is clean and sanitary but de- void of modern equipment except for a cream separator. All cows are tuberculin tested, D. AOM-/RI, AOMORI Prefecture (1) Headquarters, 8lst Division (a) Col, E, Forsyth, Chief of Staff (b) Lt. Col. F. S. Ewing, Surgeon (c) Capt. H, A. Claisyer, VC, 109th Food Inspection Det. (2) 75th I.G Headquarters and Headquarters Co, (a) Lt, Col. A. G. Coulson, Commanding Officer and Ml Officer, 8lst Division (b) Lt. Col, N, C. V.'inston, Economics Section (c) Capt. I. p. Pope, HD, Public Health Section (3) AOMORI Prefecture Headquarters Accompanied by Capt. R, A. Glaisyer, VC, a conference was held with the following prefecture officials present: (a) Y, KATOW, Chief of Sanitary Service (b) K. KAWADA, Chief of Veterinary Service (c) Mr, YAiAJGAMT, Animal disease control officer Capt. Glaisyer made a simultaneous inspection of all places visited in the Aomori area. Various veterinary problems were discussed and clarified. Meat inspection is being maintained in all official slighter houses. Dairy farm inspection is progress but laboratory examination of milk is not. Texas fever in cattle is the principal animal disease being encountered, SCA? Directive AG ?2B {30 Oct 45 )» has boon received. (4) Aomori Municipal Slaughter house Mr, KAiVADA, Inspector, A demonstration was staged in which throe beef animals were slaughtered. This is tho poorest slaughter house seen in Japan. The building is old and out of repair, and equipment is practically non-existent. Sanitation is absolutely ignored at all times. He attempt is made t* keep the place clean, in spite of the fact that the building contains concrete floors and running water. There is no heat and everything is frozen,-up,. The inspector condusted a satisfactory ante and post mortem examination for disease but disregarded the fact that everything became grossly contaminated during slaughter operations. November slaughter and inspection data is as follows.: Species Number slaughtered t o t al Rejections partial viscera only Cattle 3.C 0 1 7 Horses 38 0 7 5 Hogs 23 0 3 5 (5) S. TAMURA Dairy Farm This is a collection of poorly built buildings in poor repair. Equipment and utensils are obsolate and badly worn. Fourteen cows comoosing the herd show lack of feed and care, though they have been tuberculin tested. Sanitation is entirely lacking and the milk is sold raw. This is the best dairy in the vicinity of Aomori, hence the milk supply for this area is extremely low in quality. (6) Fish Market A large amount of fresh fish was being unloaded from boats. All fish observed was in edible condition but was receiving no in- spection. The supply appeared to be greatly in excess of local needs. (?) Horse Shipment One hundred yearling colts shipped from Hokkaido by boat wore being unloaded at Aomori. They are to be walked overland to Akita prefecture where they will be distributed to farmers for draft purposes. 3. Summary - Hokkaido A. Livestock Dairy cattle observed were generally of good type. There are only a few large dairy farms as most farmers raising cattle keep only two or three head. Horses furnish most of the transportation and very few oxen were observed. The horses contain more draft blood and are of better quality than those in Honshu. Angl$-Norman, Percheron, Arabian and Thoroughbred breeds are in evidence, with the first two predominating. There is apparently plenty of roughage available but a shortage of concentrates due to the fact that a large share of these were formerly imported. There is a seven percent decrease in milk production and a twenty five percent decrease in meat slaughter in legitimate channels from 1944* B, Animal Disease The tuberculin test is applied to all cattle once~eiich year* 41,379 cows were tested in 1944 and only three reacted. The Military Government Section, IX Corps, tested 132 cows for Bang’s disease and tuberculosis in November 1945* for demon- stration purposes, and all were negative to both tests*- Pre*- vailing animal diseases are swine plague,. Texas fever,, con- tagious abortion (equine and bovine), blackleg, swine erysipe- las, white diarrhea of poultry, anthrax, infectious anemia of horses and strangles. Animal disease control measures appear to be effective. C,. Meat and Dairy Inspection There are 6c4 milk processing plants in Hokkaido, It is the principal dairy producing section of Japan, Pasteurization of milk is practiced but indicating and recording thermometers are not in use on the pasteurizers,. This is a serious defect which definitely places a dairy establishment in a disapproved status. Laboratory examination of milk is not being practiced as a control measure. Sanitation in dairy plants is below standard,. Methods of plant operation are defective, plant equipment is not dismantled daily for cleaning and steriliza- tion, One large firm is using the sediment test for control purposes. The annual tuberculin test is applied to all cows in the prefecture and dairy farm inspection is practiced* ■ Slaughter houses are not as high type as those observed at many places in Honshu, but ants and post mortem inspection is similar in that the carcass is examined for disease but sanitary methods of handling meat are neglected. 4, Summary - Aomori This prefecture apparently possesses a very poor veterinary staff* ft also possesses the poorest equipped facilities for meat and milk processing observed in japan. The livestock is similar to that found in other parts of Honshu. Animal disease control measures appear to be effective. 5* All prefecture officials visited have received instructions from the Imperial Japanese Government with reference to compliance with Directives from SCAP concerning animal disease control* ONSSS H, DIXON, JR., Colonel VC» Chief, Veterinary Affairs, Sub-Section*