Armored 
Medical Research Laboratory 
Port Knox, Kentucky 
Fourth Partial Report 
On 
PROJECT NO. T-5 - TEST OF FLaMEPROOFED CLOTHING 
Subject: Test of Physiological Heat Load of Flameproofed Clothing 
Project No. T-5 
28 September 1945 ARMORED MEDICAL RESEARCH LABORATORY 
Fort Knox, Kentucky 
28 September 1945 
SPMEA 727-2 
Project No. T-5 
10 PROJECT: No0 T-5 - Test of Flameproofed Clothing, Fourth Partial 
Report, Subject: Test of Physiological Heat Load of Flameproofed Clothing0 
a0 Authority: Letter Headquarters Army Ground Forces, Washington, 
D.C., File 426 (9 Sept. 1945) GNRQT-ll/40812, dated 9 Sept. 1945- 
b0 Purpose: To determine the physiological heat load induced by 
the wearing of flameproofed clothinge 
2C DISCUSSION; 
This report is a continuation of the studies on the influence of 
wearing flameproofed garments on the ability of men to work in hot environ-* 
mentSo In the present tests, a new type of commercial flameproofing, '’Ban- 
flame, n was evaluated from the standpoint of heat load and general accept- 
ability to troopso 
3. CONCLUSIONS: 
Herringbone twill uniforms made of cloth impregnated by the !5Banflame!f 
ADG process do not impose any greater load on acclimatized men than ordinary 
herringbone twill* Tests were performed at both hot dry (D.B, 120°F», V?,B0 
8o°F., R.Hc 26%) and hot humid (D0B. 880Fo, W«B. 84°F0, R.H, B$%) environments0 
U o RECOMMENDATIONS; 
That if field tests show the garment to have satisfactory durability, 
"Banflame" treated uniforms be considered suitable for issue0 
APPROVED / S 
WILLED MaCuLE 
Colonel, Medical Corps 
C omraanding Submitted by: 
Steven M, Horvath, Major, SnC 
Walter B. Shelley, Captain, MC 
Assisted by: 
Howard Golden, Tec 3 
John Eo Wagar, Tec 3 
Arthur F. Kunes, Tec 3 
James P. Stack, Tec 3 
Kenneth C. Davis, Tec 3 
Robert A. Kleinmann, Tec 4 
William J0 Robinson, Tec 5 
James W, Gregg, P-4 
3 Incise 
#1 - Appendix 
#2 - Tables 1-2 
#3 - Photographs 1-2 APPENDIX 
10 SUBJECTS, EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS AND PROCEDURES: 
This investigation was conducted in the laboratory hot room during 
August and September 1945* Twelve normal healthy soldiers were studied. Their 
ages ranged from 2C to 31 years (average 25)j heights from 6? to 71 inches 
(average 69)j weight from ,135 to 190 pounds (average 155) and surface areas 
from 1,7 to 2,0 square meters (average l09)o 
The clothing was tested on men in two different environments which 
were representative of two types of hot climates9 
Eo Hot dry - D.B. 120°F., W.B0 86°Fo, R.H0 26% 
b« Hot humid - D0B, 8S°F0, W.B. 84°F0, R.H0 B$% 
Throughout the tests, the dry and wet bulb temperatures were measured 
every fifteen minutes with four motor-driven fan psychrometers at a level of 
four feet from the floor* The values rarely varied from the desired dry or wet 
bulb temperature by more than I°Fo The temperature of the walls, floor and 
ceiling was measured twice daily. In the 120°F environment the average of J,hese 
measurements was 116 J 1°F0 and in the 88°F. environment the average was 87 
f Ce3°Fo 
A mildly -turbulent air movement in all parts of the room resulted from the 
combination of hot air inflow from four anemostats in the ceiling and four 16-inch 
fans operating on the floor in the center of the room. Wind velocity was not 
measured but was essentially that produced by the movement of the men marching 
at 3 mph0 
The men lived in barracks and were in the hot room five hours each 
day<> The standard test work consisted of carrying a 20-pound pack and walking 
for four continuous hours at 2*9 mph around a 67-foot track in the hot room* 
This work rate was previously determined to be approximately 250 Calories per 
hour. Acclimatization to the heat was achieved by having the men march in the 
hot room for 25 days before the clothing was tested. Afternoon marches were 
taken to maintain physical fitness0 
All water drunk during the test periods was solution of sodium 
chloride. In the 120°Fo environment the saline solution was kept at a tempera- 
ture of 96°Fj in the 88°F, environment, it was kept at 88°F* 
"Banflamc** is the trade name for a commercial flameproofing process" 
formulated by Joseph Bancroft and Sons Company. It is applied to the uncut 
fabric. The specific treatment received by the cloth of the garments tested 
was the "Banflame ADG process n which imparts a launder resistant flameproof ing 
which is satisfactory* The ADG process is an improvement over the former 
mixture Impregnation. 
Inclo #1 Bancroft processes which have been tested at other laboratories (1,2), The 
add-on is approximately 20%o Tests of tensile strength have revealed it to 
be somewhat impaired by this impregnation. The significance of this finding 
is being studied elsewhere. This clothing protects against flame alone and 
affords no gas-proofing. It is superior to other flameproofed garments tested 
in that the after-glow is negligible. 
A Latin Square method of testing was used. Each of the men wore new 
unlaundered herringbone twill fatigues which had been treated with the "Banflame” 
flamcproofing and new untreated herringbone twill uniforms once in each of the 
two environments. The clothing was always worn in the same manner; trouser legs 
tucked inside of the pulled up socks, jacket shirt tucked into the waist of the 
trousers, and top button of the jacket buttoned. This affords greatest protec- 
tion against flame and since it reduces bellows action of clothing, these tests 
were carried out with the clothing Imposing a maximum heat load at the given 
environment, 
o 
Upon arrival in the morning, the men remained in a room at 75 F. until 
individually called into the hot room B-10 minutes before beginning to walk. 
Each roan entered the hot room completely nude, urinated, dried off any sweat 
present and was weighed (within 10 grams). Simultaneously the jacket and trousers 
he was to wear (placed in the hot room 30-45 minutes earlier) wore individually 
weighed (with-in 5 grams). The subject quickly dressed in these garments and 
stood erect 4 minutes during which the heart rate, rectal temperature and skin 
temperature were determined. He then began marching. During the walking period 
all water drunk, urine voided, and vomitus were carefully measured. At hourly 
intervals, the heart rate, rectal temperature and skin temperature were measured. 
He then stripped completely, urinated, dried off all of the sweat and was weighed. 
At the same time his removed clothing was weighed. Throughout the entire test, 
records were kept of the general appearance and reactions of the men. 
The skin temperature of five areas of the body, three covered and two 
uncovered (chest, forearm, calf, cheek, palm) were determined with a radiometer. 
For clothed areas, the clothing was pushed aside just sufficiently to permit 
placing of the radiometer. Undue exposure of clothed areas was avoided. The 
skin temperatures of individual areas were integrated into an average skin 
temperature by the following weighting formula based on the original formula 
of Hardy: chest, 0.44; forearm, 0.14; calf, 0,23; cheek, O.lOj palm, 0C09. 
Henceforth the term skin temperature will refer to this weighted average 
skin temperature. Rectal temperatures were measured with calibrated rectal 
thermometers. 
1, NRC Project QMC, No. 27, July Progres-s Report., dated 10 August 1945o 
20 Clothing, H.B.T., Effect of Flameproof Treatment on;Climatic Research 
Laboratory, Provisional Reports I-IVj Test No. 155, dated 24 May, 4 June, 14 June, 
1 August 1945o 
lad. #1 20 RESULTS: 
a. Heat, Load at a High Dry Bulb Temperature: 
D.B. 120°F., W.B. S6°F., R.H. 26% 
This environment simulated that found in buttoned-up tanks operat- 
ing in the summer at Camp Polk. The humidity is higher than that found in 
desert environments. The responses of the men working at this temperature show 
that Impregnation imposed no added heat load on the men (Table 1). 
b0 Heat Load at a Lower Dry Bulb Temperature: 
D.30 S3°F0, W.B„ 34°F., R.K. 35% 
This environment simulates a typical tropical environment. Again 
the response of the men indicated that the Impregnation imposed no added heat 
load (Table 2)c 
Co Physical Characteristics of the Clothing; 
The "Banflame" clothing is almost indistinguishable from untreated 
herringbone twill in appearance (Photographs No. 1 and 2). Similar patterns in' 
sweat uptake by the clothing occurred in both environments0 The sweat uptake 
characteristics of the "Banflame” garment are very similar to those of the 
herringbone twill uniform. 
The following table represents the average data on 12 men and 
their clothing. 
TEST 
CLOTHING 
AVERAGE OF FOUR-HOUR 
SWEAT LOSS PER MAN 
(GRAMS) 
UPTAKE OF 
SWEAT 
(GRAMS) 
PERCENT OF TOTAL 
SWEAT IN 
GARMENT 
Do3o 120° 
WoB0 86° 
Flameproof ed 
Uniform 
\ 
6,923 
862 
12 
Herringbone 
Twill 
Uniform 
7,035 
883 
13 
DoBo 88© 
Wo3o 84° 
Flameproofed 
Unif orm 
3,601 
1,004 
28 
Herringbone 
Twill 
Uniform 
3,300 
1,037 
31 
Inclo #1 do Acceptability to Men; 
of the twelve subjects stated that they preferred wearing the 
”3anflame" garments to wearing ordinary untreated herringbone twill uniforms. 
None of the men had any complaints concerning the garment. The subjective reactions 
of the men are of importance in view of the fact that in combat the men can wear 
or discard any item of clothing at will. 
e0 Flameproof tjalities: 
Preliminary tests have indicated that herringbone twill fabrics 
impregnated by phosphate-urea mixtures not only have superior flameproof qualities, 
but are glowproof0* These qualities are maintained following laundering and im- 
mersion in sea water. As no information was available regarding the possible 
effect of large amounts of sweat in leaching out the impregnation, the garments 
used in this test were sent to the Climatic Research Laboratory of the Quarter- 
master General,, It is understood that this organization-will report on the 
flameproof and glowproof qualities of the worn clothing in the near future„ 
* The Flameproofing of Army Clothing. July Progress Report: 1945 N0R0C0, 
Project CMC, No, 2?0 National Research Council Laboratories, Columbia University, 
N„ Y0 
Inclo #1 
4 CLOTHING 
al 
RECTAL TEMPERATURE °F 
PULSE RATE/lOK, 
SKIN 
(Avg. 
°r 
tm, 
Wtg.) 
VEIGHT LOSS 
(Sweat) 
Gm/Hr, 
0 
1 
Hours 
2 
3 
4 
0 
1 
Hours 
2 3 
4 
Init. 
4 Hr. 
-!5l 
Abb 
98 08 
100.5 
100.5 
100.6 
100.9 
90 
123 
in 
102 
in 
96,6 
97-0 
££86 
a 
o 
Aar 
98„6 
100.9 
100.9 
101.1 
100.7 
102 
117 
126 
120 
n7 
97.1 
98,3 
1689 
a 
Dig 
98,0 
100.0 
100.1 
100.0 
100.1 
87 
117 
120 
114 
U7 
96.4 
96,1 
1722 
§ 
I nr 
98,3 
100.3 
lOOol 
100.0 
99.9 
87 
102 
120 
n? 
120 
96.8 
96.5 
1678 
Mam 
98.6 
100.9 
101.1 
101.3 
101.4 
96 
120 
n? 
123 
129 
96,4 
97-3 
1624 
d 
H 
Mar 
97-9 
100.4 
100,5 
99.9 
100.3 
105 
114 
n? 
120 
120 
96.9 
96,9 
1525 
Mcb 
98.6 
100.0 
100.5 
100.5 
100.6 
99 
123 
126 
120 
106 
96.4 
98.6 
1300 
Mol 
98.0 
100.4 
100.3 
100.3 
100.3 
102 
114 
U4 
108 
in 
97-4 
98.1 
1271 
Moo 
97-7 
100,6 
100,6 
100.6 
100.3 
96 
123 
120 
in 
117 
98.3 
98.2 
1452 
S 
peb 
98.2 
100.7 
100,8 
100.5 
100.3 
105 
117 
U4 
114 
126 
97-4 
97-9 
1788 
Ibo 
98.3 
101.0 
100.7 
100.6 
100.4 
99 
120 
105 
in 
n? 
97.6 
98.7 
1624 
l 
Wes 
98.4 
100.0 
100.1 
100.1 
100.0 
102 
117 
108 
n4 
114 
96.8 
96.0 
1792 
s 
AVG, 
98.3 
100.$ 
100.5 
100.5 
100.4 
98 
117 
n7 
ns 
117 
97-0 
97-5 
1645 
Abb 
98.3 
100.1 
100.4 
100,3 
10C.4 
87 
108 
U7 
108 
105 
96,8 
95,6 
2158 
Aur 
98.8 
100.2 
100.4 
100.2 
100.2 
102 
117 
108 
108 
n? 
97<>3 
96,8 
1400 
Dig 
98.0 
100.3 
100.6 
100.3 
100.0 
99 
114 
126 
n? 
114 
96,3 
96,3 
1755 
_3 
Irw 
97.9 
99,7 
99.6 
99.7 
99.6 
96 
120 
n7 
114 
123 
97.1 
97-0 
1393 
H 
Mam 
99-1 
101.5 
ica.4 
101.6 
101.7 
99 
120 
120 
114 
123 
97-0 
97.0 
1872 
Mar 
98o0 
100.6 
100.8 
100.5 
100.2 
99 
120 
n? 
m 
120 
96.9 
98.0 
1665 
Q 8 
Mcb 
99.1 
100.4 
100.6 
ica.i 
101.1 
102 
120 
126 
126 
129 
96.8 
98.5 
1359 
M ■< 
Mol 
98,3 
100.2 
100.0 
99.9 
99.8 
102 
111 
n? 
114 
114 
97.9 
98-4 
1472 
8C 
Moo 
98.1 
100.9 
100.7 
100.7 
100.6 
102 
123 
123 
126 
U7 
97.4 
96.9 
1436 
es 
Peb 
98.1 
100.4 
100.1 
100,0 
100.0 
96 
120 
n7 
n? 
n4 
97.6 
96,1 
2058 
g o 
Hio 
98.6 
100.4 
100.4 
100.4 
100.4 
96 
in 
120 
120 
123 
96.6 
98.4 
1471 
pr, 
Wes 
98.6 
100.3 
100.0 
100.1 
99-9 
114 
120 
126 
123 
120 
97-2 
97.0 
1865 
AYG. 
98-4 
100.4 
100.4 
100,4 
100.3 
99 
U7 
120 
n? 
1IB 
97-1 
97.2 
1659 
Hie Physiologic Responses of Working Men Clothed in Flameproofed 
and Standard Herringbone Twill 
D.B, 120°F - W.B. 86°F - R.H. 26% 
TABLE I 
TAHLE I 8 
1 
M 
RECTAL TEMPERATURE 
°F 
PULSE RAIE/km. 
SKIN TEMP. 
(ATgoWtg.) 
°P 
WEIGHT L0S£ 
(Sweat) 
* 
0 
1 
Hours 
2 
3 
4 
0 
1 
Hours 
2 
3 
4 
Init. 
4 Hr. 
Gm/Hr. 
Abb 
15X 
~J97F 
99.1 
99.^ 
9$o9 
1C* 
99 
93 
96 
WPT 
94.1 
“1313 
m 
Aur 
98.6 
99.7 
99.6 
99.5 
99.6 
90 
93 
90 
99 
93 
95.0 
94.0 
597 
H-4 
O 
PM 
M 
Dig 
98.0 
99.3 
99.5 
99.4 
99.6 
90 
90 
90 
96 
93 
93.6 
94.3 
970 
I nr 
98.7 
99.6 
99.5 
99.6 
99.6 
102 
99 
99 
93 
96 
93.6 
93.8 
?6B 
s 
Mcb 
99.1 
100,0 
100.3 
100.5 
100.8 
11? 
99 
99 
111 
117 
93.8 
95.1 
655 
d 
Mam 
98,7 
100o5 
100.5 
100.6 
100,5 
117 
120 
117 
11? 
114 
94.7 
94.7 
761 
M 
tH 
£ 
Mar 
98.4 
98.9 
99.6 
99.4 
99.6 
96 
96 
99 
99 
96 
94.6 
94.0 
652 
Mol 
98.A 
99.6 
99,6 
99.9 
100o0 
93 
99 
93 
84 
84 
95,2 
94.5 
6?0 
M 
Moo 
98ol 
99.8 
99.9 
99.9 
100,2 
8? 
93 
87 
34 
87 
94.3 
94.0 
802 
Peb 
98.1 
99.5 
99.6 
99.6 
99.7 
102 
102 
99 
102 
108 
93.2 
94.7 
639 
Bio 
98o7 
99.6 
99.5 
99.4 
99.5 
96 
90 
8? 
a? 
93 
93.6 
94.4 
715 
l 
Wes 
96o3 
99.5 
99.7 
99.7 
99.7 
105 
106 
105 
93 
93 
94.1 
93 oO 
89 8 
1 
AVG, 
9805 
99.6 
99.8 
99.8 
99.9 
98 
99 
97 
96 
98 
94.1 
94.2 
789 
Abb 
98.6 
100.0 
100.0 
100.0 
100o2 
90 
105 
99 
99 
99 
92.7 
94.0 
1513 
Aur 
96.5 
99.7 
99.9 
99.6 
99.7 
90 
96 
96 
99 
96 
95.1 
94,8 
623 
Dig 
98,0 
99.3 
99.9 
99.4 
99.6 
99 
105 
102 
102 
99 
92.3 
94.1 
994 
g 
I nr 
Mcb 
98,3 
99.4 99.3 
- ILLKE33 - 
99.5 
99.5 
84 
96 
99 
99 
99 
94.0 
93.2 
691 
9* 
&#» 
Mam 
99,6 
100.5 
100.9 
lOloO 
101.1 
111 
117 
117 
120 
120 
94.8 
94.8 
910 
Mar 
98,6 
99.7 
99.9 
100.1 
99.9 
105 
105 
96 
96 
99 
95.1 
94.0 
705 
Mol 
96.3 
99.5 
99.6 
99.6 
99.8 
93 
90 
96 
99 
96 
94.9 
93.8 
621 
O 
9 g 
Moo 
97.6 
100.1 
100.2 
100,1 
100,0 
8? 
99 
102 
99 
99 
94.2 
94.8 
810 
P4 m 
Oh O 
is 
Peb 
98.6 
99,8 
100,0 
100.1 
100,1 
99 
H4 
105 
102 
105 
94.5 
94.4 
792 
Bio 
99.1 
99.8 
99.5 
99.7 
99.8 
96 
102 
93 
93 
93 
93.8 
94.3 
762 
< CQ 
Wes 
98.5 
99.7 
100.0 
99.7 
99.4 
96 
99 
105 
105 
105 
95.2 
93.1 
857 
' AVG o 
98.5 
99.8 
99.9 
99.9 
99.9 
95 
102 
101 
ICQ. 
ICQ. 
94.2 
94.1 
843 
Hie Physiologic Responses of Working l-en Clothed in Fla»eproofed 
and Standard Herringbone Twill 
D.B. BS°F - W.B. 8U°F - R.H. 85% 
TABLE II 
TABLE II New herringbone twill uniforms before (left) and 
after (right) four hears of wear at 120®P, - S6°P. 
ARMORED MEDICAL RESEARCH LABORATORY 
Project No. T-$ FORT KNOX. ICY. Photograph #1 
New "Banflame" flameproofed herringbone twill uniform 
before (left) and after (right) four hours of wear at 120°”. - 8fc°F. 
ARMORED MEDICAL RESEARCH LABORATORY 
Project No. T-5 FORT KNOX. KY. Photograph j/2