PROPOSED NEW FACILITY 
for NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE 
FEASIBILITY STUDY 
O'CONNOR & KILHAM ARCHITECTS 
101 PARK AVENUE NEW YORK N. Y. 1967 NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE WITH PROPOSED NEW FACILITY 
O'CONNOR & KILHAM ARCHITECTS 1967 PROPOSED NEW FACILITY 
for NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE 
FEASIBILITY STUDY 
O'CONNOR & KILHAM ARCHITECTS 
101 PARK AVENUE NEW YORK N. Y. 1967 CONTENTS 
List of Illustrations Page No« 
Preface 
I. General 
A, Authorization 1 
B, Character and Extent of Service 1 
1. Project Description 1 
2. Scope of Work 1 
3m Time of Performance 1 
Cm Background Information 1 
1. Location 1 
2. Existing Building 1 
3. Rented Space 2 
4. Future Requirements 2 
5. Site 2 
D. Information Furnished 2 
1. By NLM and N.I.H. 2 
2m Available to Architects 2 
E. Meetings 2 
F. Criteria 3 
G. Over-all Summary 3 
!• Organization of New NLM 3 
2. Site Plan - 1972 4 
3. Bird’s-eye View 4 
4. Estimates and Projections 4 
5. Conclusions 4 
II. Survey 
A, Requirements 5 
1* feasibility Study 5 
2. Scope 5 
B, Survey 6 
1. Project Location 6 
2m Project Site Plan 8 
3. Present Facility of NLM 8 
4. Functional Relationships 24 
5. Photographs 25 
6. Existing Building; Space Utilization 25 
7. Lunch Room Facility 34 
8. Parking Facilities 34 
9* Utilities 35 
10* Foundation Conditions 35 
Page No, 
11« Zoning, Codes and Controls 35 
C. Analyses and Recommendations 35 
1* Studies-Space Requirements & Programs 35 
2, Graphic Image Storage & Retrieval 53 
3m Eating facilities 58 
4. Parking Facilities 60 
III, Conclusions 
A, Program 64 
1. Conclusions - related to existing NLM 64 
2, Conclusions & Recommendations for 
Program 1972 66 
3. Expansion Beyond 1987 66 
S. Functions & Activities of the 
New Structure 66 
1, Types of Space 74 
2, Physical Relations of New Structure 
to Old 76 
3* Linkage - ”A” Level 76 
4, Ground floor 77 
5« Space above Grade 77 
6. Functional Relationships 77 
7, Additional factors in the Program 77 
C. Approach to Design of New Structure 78 
1. Location on Site 78 
2, General Shane & Design Characteristics 78 
3o Design Characteristics - Tower Scheme 84 
4, Site Development 85 
V. Estimates 86 
1, Design and Construction Schedule 86 
2. Estimates 87 
Appendix LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 
Page No. 
Rendering of NLM with proposed new facility Frontispiece 
Summary Sketch 4 
Photograph of Scale Model - NLM 1972 Back Page 
page no. 
DIAGRAMS 
V- Projected Expansion of Departmental 
Personnel and Areas 37 
VI- Growth of NLM Literature Collection 39 
VI- Growth of NLM Microfilm Collection 39 
VII- Existing Standard Stacks 41 
VII-B-l Compact Storage-”Sliding Cradle’* Type 41 
VII-B-2 Compact Storage-”Drawer” Type 41 
VII-B-3 Compact Storage-”Folding Leaf” Type 42 
VII-B-4 ’’Electro-Mechanical Retrieval” 42 
VII-B-5 ’’Aisle Compression - Manual” 42 
VII-B-6 ’’Aisle Compression - Electric” 42 
VII- Standard Stack - Closer Spacing of Ranges 44 
VIII- Microfilm Storage Type ”A” Bracket Shelves 45 
VIII-A-2 Microfilm Storage Type ”B” Bracket Shelves 45 
VIII-A-3 Microfilm Storage Types ”C” and ”D” 
Welded Units 46 
VIII-B-1 Microfilm Storage Type ”E” - 
Two Drawer Type Cases 46 
VIII-C-1,2,3 - Microfilm Storage Types ”F”, ”G”, 
”H”, Sliding Tray Units 46 
IX Tape Storage Units 47 
X-A Audio-Visual Study Carrel and Scholars’ 
Research Studies 50 
X- Main Reading Room Improvements - Desk, 
Audio-Visual Carrels, Book Conveyor, 
Annunciator Panels, etc. 51 
XI- ’’Walnut” - Micro-Image Storage and 
Retrieval System 56 
XI-B ’’Walnut” - Micro-Image Storage and 
Retrieval System 57 
XII Space Requirement - New Cafeteria 59 
SCHEDULES 
1 Total NLM Personnel 38 
2 Program of Space Requirements 72, 73 
PLANS 
A NIH Site Plan, 1967 7 
B NLM Site Plan 9 
C-l 1962 Mezzanine Floor Plan - NLM 10 
D-l 1967 Mezzanine Floor Plan - NLM 11 
C-2 1962 First Plan - NLM 12 
D-2 1967 Thirst Floor Plan - NLM 13 
C-3 1962 ”A” Level Plan - NLM 14 
D-3 1967 ”A” Level Plan - NLM 15 
C-4 1962 ”B” Level Plan - NLM 16 
D-4 1967 ”B” Level Plan - NLM 17 
C-5 1962 ”C” Level Plan - NLM 18 
D-5 1967 ”C” Level Plan - NLM 19 
D-6 1967 Floor Plans - Blackwell Building 20 
E-l Departmental Space Utilization 1967 22 
E-2 Departmental Space Utilization 1972 23 
F-l Parking Problem if on Grade 61 
F-2 Parking Scheme AB - Alternate Solutions 62 
F-3 Parking Scheme C 63 
G-l 1972 Mezzanine Floor Plan - NLM 
Rehabilitation 67 
G-2 1972 First Floor Plan-NLM Rehabilitation 68 
G-3 1972 ”A” Level Plan-NLM Rehabilitation 69 
G-4 1972 ”B” Level Plan-NLM Rehabilitation 70 
G-5 1972 ”C” Level Plan-NLM Rehabilitation 71 
H-l New Building 1972, Scheme ”A” - 
1st Floor and Site 79 
H-2 New Building 1972, Scheme ”A” - ”A” Level 80 
H-3 New Building 1972, Scheme ”A” - 
other Plans and Section 81 
H-4 New Building 1972, Scheme ”B” - 
’’Intermediate” 82 
H-5 New Building 1972, Scheme ”C” - ’’Low” 83 
DIAGRAMS 
I Organization Chart 21 
II- Organizational Relationships 26 
IT-B Physical Relationships 27 
III- Medlar 28 
III-B Centralized Activities - NLM 28 
III- Material Flow Diagrams 29 
IV- Photographs of Existing Conditions 30 
IV-B Photographs of Future Conditions 31 
IV-C Miscellaneous Photographs 32 
IV- Miscellaneous Photographs 33 
V- Projected Expansion of Departmental 
Personnel and Areas 36 PREFACE 
In 1962 the collection of books that occupied only 
a few shelves in 1836 as the Library of "The Surgeon 
General’s Office" expanded into a new building all its 
own in Bethesda, as the National Library of Medicine. 
By its very nature as a collector of books it was ever 
growing and for some 40 years had felt the pinch of 
restricted quarters. At last it had a facility large 
enough to meet its overall requirements, with enough 
left over to mfeet the anticipated stack expansion for 
at least the next 20 years. 
For years the National Library of Medicine had been 
in the forefront of technical advances in the adoption 
of new equipment and methods to library purposes. Its 
development of the mechanization of the photo reproduction 
of an article from the volume in the stack to its deposit 
in the mail drop has been an outstanding performance. 
Particularly notable, however, was the continued 
technical advance over the years in the preparation of 
the Index Medicus, a monthly publication listing the 
significant citations from some 2500 medical journals. 
With the installation of a new automated system a computer, 
installed in the northwest corner of the building, was 
hitched to the production of the Index Medicus in a program 
called Medlars (for the Medical Literature Analysis & 
Retrieval System), With the aid of the computer the infor- 
mation extracted from the journals was stored on tapes, 
retrieved at the proper time and in edited form ready for 
the printer. The success of this new operation opened a 
vast new field in usefulness of catalog and bibliography. 
Several additional types of publications became possible, 
including demand bibliographies and recurring bibliographies 
on selected subjects. 
With the Medical Library Assistance Act in 1965, a 
new and expanded role of the National Library of Medicine 
was clear, a role embracing new functions to match the 
ever increasing magnitude of its already established 
mission. The rapid development of computer and automation 
techniques in the field of business, science and the 
military services await only the specifications of the 
library field to harness them to a new essential purpose 
in our national life. The access to medical knowledge, 
the selection of the item, the dissemination to the user 
whether a library, hospital or individual doctor, becomes 
possible with a speed and range inconceivable a few years 
ago. To meet the pressures and increasing demands the 
National Library of Medicine began expanding its programs 
and its personnel. All this had to be at the expense of 
space intended for the traditional library purposes for 
which it was foundedo Space was even acquired on the 
outside. 
The impact of all the new developments on the 
National Library was that it now has a bigger job 
to do, expanding its services as the National Library 
of Medicine to a bio-medical communications center for 
the whole country, performing research and development 
on new methods for handling information and providing 
new as well as traditional information services. To do 
this efficiently, additional space is needed to establish 
the new programs and to permit restoration to the original 
National Library of the areas it still needs for its own 
development. 
The purpose of this report is to determine the 
physical requirements of such added facilities and how 
they can be added to the original project in a way that 
it can operate efficiently in the years to come as one 
combined institution for greater service as the new 
National Library of Medicine. 
The solution submitted recognizes the necessity of 
a close physical and architectural relationship between 
the new and existing structures. By physically linking 
the buildings at stack levels A & B the two areas are 
united. Architecturally the aspect of the National Library 
of Medicine is already established, and the Tower Scheme 
has been developed to preserve this character in a harmonious 
yet dynamic composition in which the existing building 
continues to be the ’’keynote" of the overall layout. The 
use of the terrace embankment, a distinguishing feature of 
the original concept, is continued with the new design as 
a unifying element and at the same time as a means of 
concealing the large expanses of required on site parking. 
The only practical solution to the parking problem seems 
to be a multi-tier parking garage plus parking under the 
building at C level. 
For long range planning the site still retains a 
capability of future expansion with additional stack space 
possible west of the building beneath the existing parking 
space and with open space north of the building available 
for high rise construction. 1 
PROPOSED NEW NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE FACILITY 
FEASIBILITY STUDY 
1 • GENERAL 
A. Authorization 
Contract No. PH43-67-649 - entered into the ninth day 
of November 1966 by the United States Government and 
O'Connor & Kilham, Architects in the City of New York. 
B. Character and Extent of Services 
1. Project Description: 
A study of the physical requirements and estimated 
cost for the construction of additional facilities 
for the National Library of Medicine and rehabilita- 
tion of the existing National Library of Medicine 
building. 
2• Scope of Work 
MA study of the feasibility of constructing a new 
facility for the National Library of Medicine for 
the purpose of accommodating the total space require 
ments of the present and planned programs of the 
NLM in the most efficient manner and making maximum 
utilization of the present NLM building." The 
program is detailed in the "Scope of Work" furnished 
as part of the contract as detailed hereinafter in 
section II-A-2. 
3* Time of Performance 
Ninety calendar days from above date of contract, 
extended to March 3rd, 1967. 
C. Background Information 
1. Location 
The National Library of Medicine is located on 
Wisconsin Avenue in the SE corner of the National 
Institutes of Health Reservation in Bethesda, 
Maryland, across Wisconsin Avenue from the National 
•Naval Medical Center. 
2. Existing Building 
The present building was first occupied in 1962 as 
a traditional medical library. The library was 
formerly the Armed Forces Medical Library first 
under way in 1836 as the Library of the Surgeon 2 
General's Office. The computer-based Medical 
Literature Analysis and Retrieval System (MEDLARS) 
was installed, with resulting alterations, in 1963. 
With the Medical Library Assistance Act of 1965 an 
increase in personnel was authorized commensurate 
with new program responsibilities - with still 
further alterations in the plans. 
3. Rented Space 
In June 1966 commercial space was leased in the 
Blackwell Building, Bethesda, to accommodate the 
staff of the Extramural Program. 
4. Future Requirements 
The success of the Medlars installation as a tool 
of bibliographic research, the enlarged scope of 
collecting activities, the broad responsibilities 
of the NLM under the Medical Library Assistance Act 
of 1965 affecting the Extra Mural Program, the 
center for toxicological information, the authoriza- 
tion to proceed with the development of a 
sophisticated graphic image storage and retrieval 
system, the preservation microfilming program, the 
program of research and development in new system 
and techniques relating to the intended communication 
of bio-medical information, are' all beyond the 
scope of the library of 1962 - and all have combined 
to create an ever increasing demand for space to 
house the growing staff and their activities - 
currently met at the expense of the space allowed 
for the basic library functions of the NLM and the 
growth of its collection and by renting commercial 
space. 
To determine a physical program to best meet these 
demands and make due allowance for their probable 
development in space requirements over the next 
twenty-years - as far as it can be reasonably 
projected at this time - is the purpose for which 
this Feasibility Study is authorized. 
5. Site 
In its total site planning and development program 
for the NIH campus, additional space contiguous to, 
and largely to the south of, the NLM has been 
reserved by the NIH for the projected expansion of 
the NLM as studied herein. 
D. Information Furnished 
1. By NLM and NIH - General - (See Appendix #1 for details) 
a. Statement of scope, programs, studies to date, 
and own estimate. 
b. Organization charts - tables of personnel and 
projection. 
c. Copies of Technical reports to date. 
d. Proposed Toxicological Information Handling - 
reports and memos. 
e. Work reports - existing building. 
f. Sketch plans of changes in original building. 
g. N.I.H. Utilities and Electrical Plans. 
h. Photographs. 
i. Site plans and properties of N.I.H. 
2. Information available to Architects 
Original plans of NLM as of 1963 and of subsequent 
alterations to include Medlars installation, 
auditorium and lunch room. 
E. Meetings 
Meetings were held on the following dates with various 
individuals, groups, and organizations concerned. 
Copies of memorandums of these meetings are included 
in App. #2 
1• 22 November, 1966 
Place 
a. NLM (National Library of Medicine) - General 
Meeting 
NLM & N.I.H. (National Institutes of Health) - 
Facilities Planning Division 3 
2. 1 December 1966 
a. N.I.H. - Research Facilities, Planning Branch 
b. NLM - Systems Analysis & Auerbach Corp, 
c. NLM - Supply Section 
d. NLM - Director and Staff 
e. NLM & N.I.H, Research Facilities, Planning 
Branch - Mechanical Requirements 
3. 2 December 1966 
a. NLM - Extramural Program - EMP 
NLM - Facilities and Resources Division - FRD 
NLM - Research and Training Division - RTD 
NLM - Grants and Contracts Officer 
b. NLM - Reference Service Division - RSD 
4. 7 December 1966 
a, NLM - Bibliographical Services Division - BSD 
5. 15 December 1966 
a. NLM - Audio-visual requirements 
b. NLM - Reference Services Division - RSD 
c. NLM - Administrative Services 
6• 21 December 1966 
a, N.I.H, - Parking Facilities 
b. NLM - Director and Staff 
7. 16 January 1967 
a. NLM - Reference Services Division - RSD 
b. NLM - Administration 
c. NLM - Director and Staff 
Note: 27 January 1967 - "First Delivery: - and pre- 
liminary report submitted for review. 
8. 3 February 1967 
NLM - Administration 
9. 14 February 1967 
NYC/Architect1s Office - Administration - Final Review 
F. Criteria 
1. Existing NLM Bldg. 
Rehabilitate as basic National Library of Medicine 
with functions as originally authorized. 
2. New Structure 
Develop scheme - a new structure to meet new and 
expanded requirements of NLM as MBio-medical 
Communications Center.” 
3. Linkage 
Provide proper ’’linkage" as part of the new construc- 
tion so combined facilities can operate efficiently 
as one institution, 
4. Relationships 
New structure to be designed in harmonious relation- 
ship to existing NLM and any adjacent buildings or 
buildings under construction. 
5. Future Projects 
Make adequate allowance for future expansion on site 
with indication of a possible plan. 
6. Flexibility 
New space designed with capability of change of 
arrangements of partitions and utilities to permit 
future departmental expansions and/or modification 
of layout• 
G. Over-All Summary 
1. Organization 
A comparison of the organization of the NLM as of 
1967 compared with the expanded NLM of 1972 is 
illustrated by Diagram #1, page 4. 4 
|, ORGANIZATION DIASR.AM 
2. Site Plan 
The proposed utilization of the site for the new 
facilities as of 1972, and allowing for long range 
developments, is shown on adjacent sketch plan #2. 
3. Birds-eye 
A schematic perspective of the over-all project 
development is shown on adjacent thumb nail sketch 
#3. 
4. Estimates & Projections 
a. Personnel - Projected authorized increase from 
397 in 1967 to 990 in 1972. 
b. Space - Increase of floor area from 231,355 sq.ft. 
(NLM Bldg.) by 229,800 sq.ft, to a grand total 
of 461,655 sq.ft, exclusive of parking garages. 
c. Cost - The estimated construction cost only of 
Scheme A 
1. The New Structure $8, 208,000. 
2. Site Development 231,000. 
3. Utilities 376, 000. 
4. Rehabilitation of N L M 618, 000. 
5. Parking additional 1, 056,000. 
Note: Figures consistent only with degree of 
detail available in advance of actual 
plans - to give "order of magnitude" 
only. 
5• Conclusions 
Various detailed conclusions may be found as follows: 
a. "Compact" storage Para. C-6)-c), page 44 
b. Graphic Image Storage & Retrieval Para. 2-e, page 58 
c. Eating Facilities Para. 3, page 58 
d. Parking Para. 4, page 60 
e. "Tower" Para, 2-d, page 84 
2. SITE. PUAK1 
3. 3IRDS ~ 5 
H. SURVEY 
A, Requirements 
1. Feasibility Study 
Independently and not as an agent of the Government, 
the Architects will perform na study of the 
feasibility of constructing a new facility for the 
National Library of Medicine for the purpose of 
accommodating the total space requirements of the 
present and planned programs of the NLM in the most 
efficient manner and making maximum utilization of 
the present NLM building.” 
2. Scope 
The scope of the work is quoted as follows from 
"Contractor’s Requirements" of the contract: 
"Specifically, the Contractor (Architect) wills 
1. Perform a complete survey of the utilization of 
space in the present NLM facilities, including 
rented office space in the Blackwell Building, 
Bethesda, Maryland. This survey will relate 
broad functional and organizational activities, 
such as general administration, Extrarahral 
Programs, computer operations, photographic and 
graphic image services, storage of the collection 
(presently in use and reserved for expansion) to 
the number of square feet of space being utilized 
for those functions and activities. This survey 
will be purely descriptive in nature. 
2. Through consultation with NLM officials and 
study of NLM documents such as the Five-Year Plan 
approved by the Surgeon General, the Contractor 
will become thoroughly familiar with new NLM 
programs and space requirements, including those 
described on the preliminary Program of Require- 
ments for an NLM Annex dated October 18, 1966. 
On the basis of this information, and the results 
of the survey above, the Contractor will: 
a. Compute the additional net square feet of use- 
able space required in a new structure or 
structures to enable the NLM to carry out its 
programs efficiently without renting commercial 
space. 
b. Make recommendations (with alternatives) on 
which functions and activities can be carried 
out in the new structure in order to achieve 
maximum efficiency in space utilization, 
considering the functional relationships 
among all activities, nature of the present 
space available, long range needs (twenty-five 
years) for book storage capacity and new types 
of library and information services, 
(1) Particular emphasis should be placed on 
computing the requirements for accommodating 
the growth of the literature collections, 
based on recent evidence of the growth rate, 
changes in the scope of the collections, 
and plans for the future. 
(2) A study will be made of requirements for 
study carrels and other facilities for on- 
site scholarly research with recommendations 
for meeting those requirements. 
(3) A separate critical analysis of changes in 
space utilization which have occurred 
since occupancy of the existing building 
will be made, and a critique prepared which 
evaluates these changes, including specific 
recommendations for (a) reconversion to 
originally planned usage (b) further changes 
in usage, or (c) continuation of present 
utilization. 
(4) A separate analysis will be made of the 
present lunchroom and food preparation 
facilities of the NLM with recommendations 
for improved capabilities to prepare and 
satisfactorily serve the staff and users 
of the Library. The Contractor will con- 
sult with the Chief, Research Facilities 
Planning Branch,NIH, on cafeteria planning 
for the NIH complex. 
(5) A separate analysis and report will be 
made of the general problems of parking 
facilities, with recommendations on 
alternative methods of meeting projected 
parking for the NLM staff and visitors. 
The Contractor will consult with the Chief, 
Research Facilities Planning Branch of the 
National Institutes of Health and take 
cognizance of studies and plans for parking 
facilities on the NIH campus generally. 6 
(6) The reader-service desk and related equip- 
ment will be studied, and recommendations 
made to increase the efficiency of service 
to the public, and improve the usefulness 
of this area for general management of 
reading room. 
3. On the basis of the foregoing analyses and 
recommendations, the Contractor will describe 
alternative approaches to the location, size, and 
general design characteristics of a new NLM 
facility, with discussion of the advantages and 
limitations of each alternative, subject to the 
following constraints and other considerations: 
a. The location of the facility will be within 
the area contiguous to the NLM considered 
available for this purpose in the Master Plan 
for the National Institutes of Health, The 
Contractor will consult with the Chief, 
Research Facilities Planning Branch of the 
National Institutes of Health and take 
appropriate cognizance of total site planning 
and development for the NIH campus. 
b. The general shape and design characteristics 
of the building must be harmonious with or 
complimentary to the present NLM facility and 
present and planned structures in the immediate 
area. 
c. The dependence of the NLM on the NIH for 
utilities (electricity, chilled water, hot 
water, etc.) must be taken fully into account. 
4. The analyses and recommendations required above 
will be consolidated in a final report which 
contains suitable graphic analyses, diagrammatic 
sketches, line perspectives, and models which 
effectively describe relationships between 
specific activities and the gross space require- 
ments for those activities, with alternative 
solutions. The report will also contain general 
construction contract cost estimates for each 
possible solution, based on similar work performed 
elsewhere, but not reflecting precise cost 
estimation techniques usually associated with 
detailed design and specifications. The cost 
estimates will reflect the cost of extending 
utilities from NIH, appropriate landscaping, and 
conversion of space in the present NLM building. 
The Contractor (Architect) should be prepared to 
make suitable oral and visual presentations of his 
findings and recommendations to the NLM, the 
Research Facilities Advisory Committee of NIH, and 
the National Capital Planning Commission. 
5. An additional report will be prepared which assesses 
the long-range development potential of the NLM site, 
in relation to the recommendations made in the basic 
report. This report should analyse the feasibility 
of future construction of additional independent 
facilities, or additions to structures then existing. 
This report will concern itself with space require- 
ments which can reasonably be anticipated by 1986, 
including those requirements identified in the pre- 
liminary Program of Requirements for an NLM Annex 
dated September 7, 1966. 
6, Delivery under this contract shall be made in two 
stages, as follows; 
a. First delivery will be made not later than sixty 
days after execution of this contract, and shall 
consist of the descriptive survey required in 
paragraph 1 above, and a preliminary report con- 
cerning the analyses and recommendations required 
in paragraphs 2, 3, and 4. 
Note: This first delivery was made 27 January 1967. 
b. The second delivery shall be made no later than 
ninety days after execution of this contract, and 
shall consist of a final report and presentation 
on all aspects of the study. 
Note: Time was extended to 3 March 1967. 
B. Survey - Utilization of Space 
1• Project Location - Site Plan of N.I.H.-1967 
See Plan "A" 
Page 7 
This plan shows the location of the project in the 
southeast corner of the National Institutes of 
Health Reservation on Wisconsin Avenue in Bethesda, 
Maryland. The existing NLM is indicated by Number 38. 
The plan further indicates: 7 
11 BOILER PLANT & 
38 NATIONAL LIBRAR 
41 NEW VIRUS LABO 
45 PROPOSED CON F E 
EATING FACILITIE 
EXISTING BUILDINGS 
FUTURE BUILDINGS 
PROJECT 
LOCATION 
N IH SITE PLAN 1967 8 
a. Buildings in proximity under construction - New 
Virus Laboratory #41 and proposed Conference 
Building #45. 
b. Buildings with Eating Facilities within the 
Reservation (including the NLM) are indicated 
by Symbol "C". 
Dotted arc indicates distance within which it 
would be more practical from point of view of 
time for NLM personnel to go for lunch - as well 
as for other people within the vicinity to use a 
facility at the NLM rather than elsewhere. 
2. Project Site Plan of N.L.M. See Plan "B" 
Page 9 
Detailed plan to indicate area available to N.L.M. 
for development of this project and its future 
expansion. Also indicates: 
a. Nearby Parking Areas marked N.I.H. Nominally 
reserved for other N.I.H. personnel - this is 
currently used, also, by over-flow from NLM. 
On completion of this project this parking space 
and any expansion thereof will not be available 
to NLM due to crowded conditions. 
b. Existing Utilities subject to new connections. 
Steam & Chilled water are in tunnel - electricity 
in conduit. Water & sewage disposal are public 
utility use of which is negotiated for directly 
by NLM. 
c. Future large scale stack expansion was allowed 
for to the west - present "Parking Lot NLM" - 
full to capacity. Space to continue in reserve 
for future stack expansion. 
d. NLM Visitors Parking - north side also too small 
for present conditions. 
e. Expansion site proposed for this project move 
1972 indicated to south of NLM. 
f. Building site reserved for Long Range Expansion 
indicated to north-west. Too small for this 
project. 
g. "Green belt". Area surrounding N.I.H. Reserva- 
tion to be kept free of buildings or screening 
structures• 
3. Present N.L.M. Facilities 
a. As designed - 1962 See Plans in Group "C" 
Pages 10,12,14,16,18 
Plans under group ”CM show the layout of the 
library as originally designed as a "traditional" 
library for 250 employees. (At this time Medlars 
was not included). These plans are included as 
a guide for the "Rehabilitation" program of the 
existing N.L.M. building as the "traditional" 
library part of the proposed New Facility. 
b. As Existing - January 1967 Plan Group "D" 
Pages 11,13,15,17,19 
On facing page, right, is corresponding plan as 
of January 1967 
This series indicates by shading the major changes 
due to additions since 1962 including: 
1) Installation of Medlars (computer operated 
Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval 
System) (1963) on first floor with related 
changes and alterations in departmental areas, 
2) Installation of small Auditorium on "A" level. 
3) Enlargement of Lunch Room, "A" level. 
4) Temporary Location - new projects - "C" level. 
Plan also shows relocations and changes due 
to above additions as well as those due to 
major expansion of personnel following the 
enactment of the Medical Library Assistance 
Act of 1965 - except for inclusion of the 
Extramural Program for which space was hired 
in the Blackwell Building in Bethesda in 
1966, The staff had now risen to 320 persons 
with an increase to 399 positions authorized 
for 1967. 
5) Rented space - 1966 - Blackwell Building, 
Bethesda, 
See Plan "D"-6 
Page 20 9 
N.L.M. SITE PLAN B 1962 FLOOR PLAN MEZZANINE C“l 1967 FLOOR PLAN MEZZANINE D~1 12 
-1962 FLOOR PLAN FIRST FLOOR C~2 13 
1967 FLOOR PLAN FIRST FLOOR D“2 
NEW SINCE 1962 14 
1962 FLOOR PLAN A LEVEL C-3 15 
NEW SINCE 1962 
1967 FLOOR PLAN A LEVEL D-3 16 
1962 FLOOR PLAN B LEVEL C-4 17 
1967 FLOOR PLAN B LEVEL D-4 
NEW SINCE 1962 1962 FLOOR PLAN C LEVEL C-5 1967 FLOOR PLAN C LEVEL D-5 
NEW SINCE 1962 20 
c. Organizational Diagram Diagram I 
Page 21 
The general organization of the NLM as of 1967 
is illustrated diagramatically by this chart. 
It shows there are two major divisions under the 
Director of the NLM, 
1) The Intramural Program - the internal function- 
ing as a library including research develop- 
ment of information systems. 
2) The Extramural Program particularly to develop 
and conduct programs of grant and contract 
assistance to medical libraries, librarians, 
health information specialists, etc. 
3) New Departments to be added prior to 1972 are 
indicated by dotted lines, 
d. Departmental Space Utilization See Small Scale 
Plans designated 
"E"-l, Page 22 
1) By means of shading on E-l series allocation 
of present use of space by the different 
departments within the perimeter are indicated, 
2) In the column to the right of each plan is 
shown graphically the amount of area to be 
added or subtracted from any department on 
adj'acent floor as designated by initials and 
minus or plus sign, 
3) In the column at the left is graphically shown 
the amount of space of any department on that 
particular floor which is to move out to the 
new structure including proposed expansion 
thereof, 
4) Item marked "Contractor1s Office" on "CV level 
is a temporary use of the space, to house some 
contractor personnel working on the development 
of a new computer system, 
e. Basic Expansion & Rehabilitation Series "E"-2 
of NLM Building. Page 23 
1) Similar small scale plans show how it is pro- 
posed to expand and relocate spaces of depart- 
ments remaining within the NLM building - 
utilizing spaces vacated by those that will 
have to move out for accommodation in the pro- 
posed new structure. 
3rd FLOOR 
4th FLOOR 
5th FLOOR 
EXTRAMURAL PROGRAMS 
IN RENTED SPACE 
D-6 
1967 BLACKWELL BUILDING 21 
BOARD OF 
REGENTS 
SURGEON 
GENERAL 
EXEC. OFFICER 
ADMIN. SERV. 
DIRECTOR 
DEPUTY DIR. 
ASSISTANT TO 
THE DIRECTOR 
PUBL. 8 INFO. 
AS 
OD 
PI 
ASSOC. DIR. 
TOXICOLOGY 
INFO. PROGRAM 
ASSOC. DIR. 
EXTRAMURAL 
PROGRAM 
ASSOC. DIR. 
INTRAMURAL 
PROGRAM 
ASSOC. DIR. 
RESEARCH 8 
DEVELOPMENT 
IMP 
E.MP 
PUBLICATIONS 
8 TRANSLATIONS 
DIVISION 
RESEARCH 
8 TRAINING 
DIVISION 
TECHNICAL 
SERVICES 
DIVISION 
REFERENCE 
SERVICES 
DIVISION 
INTRAMURAL 
RESEARCH 8 
DEVELOPMENT 
OPERATIONS 
RESEARCH 
8 SYS. DEVELOP. 
PTD 
RTD 
TSD 
RSD 
FACILITIES 
8 RESOURCES 
DIVISION 
BIBLIOGRAPHIC 
SERVICES 
DIVISION 
HISTORY OF 
MEDICINE 
DIVISION 
ANALYSIS & 
EVALUATION 
FRD 
BSD 
HMD 
INFORMATION 
SYSTEMS 
DIVISION 
1967 PROGRAMS 
ORGANIZATIONAL CHART DIAGRAM I 
ADDITIONAL PROGRAMS BY 1972 22 
DEPARTMENTAL SPACE UTILIZATION 1967 E“l 23 
KEY 
OD = OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR 
AS = ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES 
PI = PUBLICATIONS 8 INFORMATION 
IMP * INTRAMURAL PROGRAM 
EMP * EXTRAMURAL PROGRAM 
TSD = TECHNICAL SERVICES DIVISION 
RSD = REFERENCE SERVICES DIVISION 
BSD = BIBLIOGRAPHIC SERVICES DIVISION 
HMD = HISTORY OF MEDICINE DIVISION 
ISD = INFORMATION SYSTEMS DIVISION 
a TO j INDICATE REHABILITATION ITEMS 
DISCUSSED ON PAGE 24 
DEPARTMENTAL SPACE UTILIZATION 1972 E“2 24 
The required changes and alterations within 
the NLM building become part of the "Rehabilita- 
tion" program to be estimated for the budget. 
2) Additional items needing repair or modification 
in the "Rehabilitation” program are indicated 
by circled small letters. Those that are part 
of the construction program and included in 
the estimate are marked *, The balance are 
to be carried out in advance with other funds, 
a) Elevator #3. Hydraulic plunger type 
elevator - not operating properly. In- 
vestigation indicates plunger is; "off-center” 
causing faulty operation and serious wear 
in moving parts. Repair is an essential, 
if costly, item. 
b) Compact stack,* Area designated on "C" 
level for conversion to "Compact" storage 
for 25% of the collection, A method of 
gaining space in existing building but used 
for relatively inactive items such as 
originals that have been micro-recorded, 
theses, back numbers of bound serials, etc. 
c) Charge Desk Modifications - Reading Room 
(1) Enlargement of desk 
(2) Installation of Book Conveyor 
(3) Installation of Turnstile 
d) New Annunciator System - Reading Room 
e) Dial Access* - Audio Visual equipment. 
Installation in 8 carrels of Reading Room 
and 3 adjacent studies. 
f) Flooding Alarm System "C" level 
Emergency water detection system for "C" in 
case of flooding. Floor was recently flooded 
due to blockage of exterior main sewage line. 
Installation of alarm system proposed. 
g) Bracing of Stacks. While stacks are so 
called "free-standing" type, it was originally 
intended to have them fastened to the floor. 
Since stacks are not open to public, and 
to increase ease of change, library preferred 
not to have them fastened. However, they 
tend to move out of line in the course of 
time and lose their initial stiffness. 
For this reason a limited system of over- 
head bracing bolted into place is recommended 
in lieu of floor fastening which is still 
not desired. 
h) Painting - High Roof. There is an area of 
copper flashing on the high roof which is 
unsightly as a dark line where it should 
appear white. It is proposed to paint this 
out at this time. 
i) Micro-film Vault, "C" level - interim 
requirement. Specially air-conditioned, 
j) Micro-film Vault,* "A” level - designed 
and located for efficiency in program 
operation and long range use. Specially 
air-conditioned. 
4. Functional Relationships Diagrams II & III 
Pages 26-29 
The broad functional relationships and organizational 
activities such as general administration, Intra- 
Mural Program and catalog related services, computer 
operation, photographic duplication services, and 
storage of the collection as related to the space 
designations of plan Series E-l and E-2 above are 
indicated on the following diagrams: 
a. Departmental Interrelationships See Diagrams II-A 
and II-B 
1) The Catalog is the heart of the traditional 
library (Plan Series C-2) - the key to the 
use of the library by the public, the tool of 
the Bibliographic (BSD) & Reference (RSD) 
Divisions. It is maintained by the Technical 
Service Division (TSD)• 
While it is anticipated it will largely be 
supplanted as the working tool of the library 
by the computerized machine readable catalog, 
(a program well under way with new literature) 
a complete transition that would include all 
works in the library is a long and laborious 25 
process that only progresses efficiently - at 
this time - with new literature* The two 
systems may be expected to be in use Jointly 
for a long time. Currently the card catalog 
is being converted to tape as far back as 
1950 - covering the most active years. 
2) The introduction of Medlars (Medical Literature 
Analysis & Retrieval) based on the computer 
symbolized the introduction of a new and vastly 
expanded era of library service. For schematic 
operation of the system see Diagram III-A, 
Page 28. 
Not even contemplated in the original plans 
and with a future of continued rapid expansion 
in services ahead, it is reasonable this 
computer element move to the new structure 
where it will become the heart of the activities 
of the new NLM as well as of increased efficiency 
of the old. 
3) The centralized Library Service activities of 
the NLM - largely to remain in the existing 
NLM building - except for Medlars - are 
illustrated by Diagram III-B, Page 28. 
4) Flow Diagrams - See Diagram Ill-C, Page 29 for 
paths of various materials as books, Journals, 
films supplies through library processes, and 
of grant applications. 
5) As the catalog is converted to machine-readable 
form various library processes of the 
Technical Service Division can utilize the 
computer for such purposes as selection, order- 
ing, catalog searching, shelving, etc. of books. 
Since this type of work can be done "on line" 
with the computer - as time goes on direct 
access of departments to the new machine read- 
able catalog will not be the controlling element 
in planning or location of a department. 
TSD will continue to use non-computerized 
special catalogs. 
In the future, for both staff and outside users 
of the library, access to the library's 
information can also be "on line", i.e. access 
through consoles or other devices, connected 
by wire - eliminating the necessity of coming 
to the public catalog for direct reference or, 
with Graphic Image Storage & Retrieval, 
obtaining transcripts. 
6) Departments such as Information Services 
Division which became necessary with the 
adoption of the computer, will move to the 
Annex. 
7) New programs - such as Toxicology - not 
originally contemplated in the library are 
also indicated as moving to the new structure 
to make room for the rehabilitation of the 
library to its original purposes. 
5. Photographs Photo Diagram IV 
Pages 30-33 
a. Existing Conditions & Activities - Photo Diagram IV-A 
1) National Library of Medicine as first seen 
from Wisconsin Avenue coming from Washingtorl 
(early photograph). Proposed addition would 
be to left. 
2) Card Catalog - open to public. 
3) Model of site to show area available for new 
project to south. 
4) Typical stack area. 
5) Typical staff area. 
6) Reading Room showing open carrel type seating 
permitting individual study space but 
facilitating reasonable supervision. 
7) Mobile camera - system by which requested 
item from book is copied onto microfilm with- 
out book leaving end of its range of stack, 
8) Punch Tape Typewriter - Data-Input method 
showing how items are typed on to tape for 
operation of computer, at same time keeping 
typed record for checking. 
9) Medlars Installation - console and paper tape 
readers. 
b. Illustration of possible future conditions and 
activities to be discussed in succeeding text. 
Photo Diagram IV-B. 
6. Existing Building - Space Utilization 
a. Changes since initial occupancy (See Plan "E"-l, 
Page 22 (For detailed comparison see plan Series 
"C" & "D", Pages 10-19. Significant changes 
since initial occupancy include: CURRENT FACILITIES 
EXTRAMURAL 
PROGRAM 
OFF. OF THE I 
DIRECTOR \ 
DRUG 
LITERATURE 
INTRAMURAL 
PROGRAM 
ASSOC. DIR. 
PUBLICATIONS 
a 
INFORMATION 
ADMINISTRATIVE 
SERVICES 
TOXICOLOGY 
FUNCTIONS TO BE LOCATED IN NEW BUILDING 
PRIMARY RELATIONSHIP 
SECONDARY RELATIONSHIP 
RESEARCH 
a 
DEVELOPMENT 
BIBLIOGRAPHIC 
INDEXERS 
BIBLIOGRAPHIC 
SEARCH 
MeSh 
TECHNICAL 
SERVICES 
|CATALOGUE 
REFERENCE 
SERVICES 
WORK AREA 
INTERLIBRARY 
LOAN 8 PHOTO 
DUPLICATION 
GRAPHICS 
DATA 
PROCESSING 
HISTORY OF 
MPmr.iNF 
READING 
ROOM 
SYSTEMS 
ANALYSTS 
RSD 
MICRORECORDS 
STACKS 
RSD 
PRESERVATION 
BINDING 
COMPUTER 
RECEIVING 
a 
MAIL 
SUPPLY 
REC. - MAIL 
a 
SUPPLY 
CAFETERIA 
ORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS DIAGRAM H'A NEW FACILITIES 
CURRENT FACILITIES 
27 
DIRECTOR 
EXTRAMURAL PROG- 
EXTRAMURAL PROG. 
ADMINISTRATIVE 
SERVICES 
PUBLICATION & 
INFORMATION 
INTRAMURAL PROG. 
BIBL IOGR APHIC 
INDEXERS 
B IBLIOGRAPHIC 
INDEXERS 
BIBLIOGRAPHIC 
SEARCHERS 
MeSh 
COMPUTER 
DATA 
PROCESSING 
REFERENCE SERVICES 
WORK AREA 
SYSTEMS 
ANALYSTS 
DRUG LIT. 
COMPU TE R 
catalog 
TECHNICAL SERVICES 
DATA 
PROCESSING 
RESEARCH 
& 
development 
READING ROOM 
HISTORY 
OF 
MEDICINE 
TOXICOLOGY 
SYSTEMS 
ANALYSTS 
HMD STACKS 
M e S h 
PHOTO 
DU P L I CATION 
SERVICES 
STACKS 
CAFETERIA 
DRUG LIT. 
STACKS 
MICRO-RECORDS 
G RA PH ICS 
BINDING 
SUPPLY 
R ECEI VING 
CAFETERIA 
RECFI VI NG 
SU P P LY 
PRIMARY RELATIONSHIP 
SECONDARY RELATIONSHIP 
PHYSICAL RELATIONSHIPS DIAGRAM E“B 
FUNCTIONS TO BE LOCATED IN NEW BUILDING 28 
INPUT 
WORLD'S MEDICAL 
LITERATURE 
STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL 
OUTPUT 
PRESERVATION 
INDEX MEDICUS 
TO NATIONAL, REGIONAL 8 LOCAL USERS 
BIBLIOGRAPHIC 
PROCESSING 
MACH. READABLE DATA 
INDEXING 
CATALOGING 
RECURRING 
BIBLIOGRAPHIES 
MEDLARS 
FOR DISTRIBUTION 
COMPUTER 
PRINTED BIBLIOGRAPH. 
AND CATALOGS 
RECORDING 
OF FULL TEXT 
IN MICROFORM 
DEMAND 
BIBLIOGRAPHIES 
MICRO-IMAGES 
PROCESSING 
OTHER 
LEARNING 
RESOURCES 
SCIENTISTS, 
EDUCATORS, 
PRACTITIONERS, 
STUDENTS 
LITERATURE 
ANALYSTS 
A MEDLARS 
B CENTRALIZED ACTIVITIES AT NLM 
i-A in-B 29 
ACQUISITIONS 
FILMING PROGRAM 
EXTRAMURAL PROGRAM 
SUPPLY ITEMS 
MONOGRAPHS 
SERIALS 
INTERLIB. LOAN 
PRESERV. FILM 
CONTRACT FILM. 
GRANT APPLICATIONS 
RECEIVING 
a 
MAILING 
RECEIVING 
a 
MAILING 
RECEIVING 
a 
MAILING 
RSD 
STACKS 
STACKS 
RECEIVING 
a 
MAILING 
RECEIVING 
a 
MAILING 
TSD 
ACQUISITION 
RSD 
ILL LOAN REQUEST 
PROCESSED 
RSD 
MICRORECORDS 
RSD 
MICRORECORDS 
GRANTS 
MANAGEMENT 
OFFICE 
SUPPLY 
TSD 
ACQUISITION 
TSD 
CATALOG 
RSD 
STACK FILMING 
RSD 
PHOTO DUR DEV. 
PRINT. 8 INSR 
RECEIVING 
a 
MAILING 
RECEIVING 
a 
MAILING 
ALL DIVISIONS 
RSD PHOTO DUR 
a 
ISD DATA PROC. 
ARE 
HEAVIEST USERS 
DUPLICATING 
TSD 
CATALOG 
RSD 
STACKS 
BSD 
INDEXERS 
RSD 
PHOTO DUR DEV. 
PRINTING 
RSD 
MICRORECORDS 
INSP. a STOR. 
CONTRACTOR 
RECEIVING 
a 
MAILING 
RECEIVING 
a 
MAILING 
RECEIVING 
a 
MAILING 
GRANTS 
MANAGEMENT 
OFFICE 
RSD 
BINDING 
ISO 
DATA 
PROCESSING 
RSD 
PHOTO DUPLCTN. 
INSPECTION 
EMP 
OPERATING 
DIVISION 
RECEIVING 
a 
MAILING 
STACKS 
RSD 
STACKS 
RSD 
MICRORECORDS 
INSP. 8 STOR. 
NIH a 
GRANTEE 
INSTITUTION 
in-c 
MATERIALS FLOW DIAGRAMS 2. PUBLIC CARD CATALOG 
1. EXISTING NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE, BETHESDA, MARYLAND 
3. EXISTING N.L.M. SITE MODEL 
4. TYPICAL STACK AREA 
6. READING ROOM - CARREL TYPE SEATING 
5. TYPICAL STAFF AREA 
7. MOVABLE CAMERA WITHIN STACK - PHOTOGRAPHY 
FROM PAGE TO MICROFILM 
8. PUNCH PAPER TAPE DATA-INPUT TYPEWRITER 
9. MEDLARS INSTALLATION - CONSOLE & PAPER TAPE READERS 
EXISTING CONDITIONS & ACTIVITIES PHOTO DIAGRAM IV-A 10. PROPOSED ANNEX, AS TOWER, SCHEME A 
11. PROPOSED ANNEX, INTERMEDIATE STRUCTURE, SCHEME B 
12. PROPOSED ANNEX, LOW STRUCTURE, SCHEME C 
13. MOCK-UP OF AUDIO VISUAL CARREL 
14. RANDOM ACCESS - TUB TYPE STORAGE 
15. • CONSOLE ACCESS WITH VISUAL READ-OUT 
16. COMPACT STORAGE, DRAWER TYPE 
17. COMPACT STORAGE, SLIDING CRADLE TYPE 
i 
18. MICROFILM STORAGE, 2 DRAWER TYPE 
FUTURE CONDITIONS & ACTIVITIES PHOTO DIAGRAM IV-B 20. SHELVING BY SIZE - YALE SYSTEM 
19. CONVENTIONAL SHELVING OF BOOKS 
21. BOUND PERIODICALS - MAY BE SHELVED FULL. 
23. AUDIO VISUAL EQUIPMENT, 2 
22. W. HARTFORD SCHOOL PILOT PROJECT, AUDIO VISUAL EQUIPMENT 
24. AUDIO VISUAL EQUIPMENT, 3 
25. PRESENT CONDITION: WORKING WITH CATALOG CARDS 
26. CONVERTING CARD CATALOG TO COMPUTER TAPE 
27. MEDICAL RESEARCH CENTERS SERVED BY N.L.M. 
(MEDLARS CENTERS FLAGGED) 
MISCELLANEOUS PHOTO DIAGRAM IV-C CEREBROVASCULAR SUBJECT 
CAUU NUWBeR I.O* NO* OATC OUF 
PS2387.H61961 400-28-2740 F 03-22-6 
PS3063.U4 044-32-2379 04-23-6 
PS32JI.W2 261-76-1179 04-19-6 
PS350I.I5B75 261-76-1179 03-22-6 
PS350UL1 178TS 562-62-5979 04-19-6 
PS3501*LI78»5 261-70-967* 04-12-6 
PS3509*L43AI71963 263-66-2032 04-19-6 
PS3509.L.43F6 546-36-6898 F 06-06-5 
PS3509.L43Z6741963 313-16-3499 F 04-05-6 
PS3509.L43Z6771963 265-60-2351 04-23-6 
PS3509.L432682 313-38-9118 04-19-6 
PS3509.L43Z684 265-60-2351 04-23-6 
PS3S09.L43Z6913 265-60-2351 04-23-6 
PS 3509*1.4 3 26 961961 265-60-2351 04-23-6 
PS3509*t.43Z877 313-16-3499 F 04-05-6 
PS3509.L43Z8S21961 313-16-3499 F 04-05-6 
PS3509.L43Z95C.2 104-34-3279 04-12-6 
P63509.C.431952A 264-46-5227 04-19-6 
PS3511.A86Z783 265-66-9120 04-19-6 
PS3SI1.A86207 263-62-5065 04-12-6 
PS3511*48628951961 265-66-9120 04-19-6 
PS3S1I*48629741962 263-82-5065 04-12-6 
PS351I*4862977 263-82-5065 04-12-6 
PS3511*R942556 264-64-0602 04-12-6 
PS35I1.R942568 261-82-7549 04-23-6 
PS3511 * M94Z7 264-64-0602 04-12-6 
PS3511.R94Z77 264-64-0602 04-12-6 
PS351I.R94Z925 261-82-7549 04-23-6 
PS35Il*H94i93l96l 261-82-7549 04-23-6 
stimulation and temperature on the contractility of 
the rat myocardium injured by anoxia. Krofta K, et al. 
Physiol Bohemoslov 14:238-40, 1965 
Cit. no. 1335642 
The resistance of the myocardium to anoxia in animals 
acclimated to simulated altitude. Poupa O, et al. 
Physiol Bohemoslov 14:233-7, 1965 
Cit. no. 1335641 
Polycythaemia in neoplastic diseases. Penington DG. 
Proc Roy Soc Med 58:488-90, Jul 65 
Cit. no. 1273333 
Coronary artery enlargement in the hypoxic white rat. 
Kerr A Jr, et al. 
Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 119:717-8, Jul 65 
Cit. no 1331646 
Radiation response of mammalian cells grown in 
culture. V. Temperature dependence of the repair of 
x-ray damage in surviving cells (aerobic and hypoxic). 
Elkind MM, et al. Radiat Res 25:359-76, Jun 65 
Cit. no. 1210742 
Influence of moderate hypoxia in one lung on the 
distribution of the pulmonary circulation and 
ventilation. Arborelius M Jr. 
Scand J Clin Lab Invest 17:257-9, 1965 
Cit. no. 1277755 
Blood sludging and tissue destruction in burns. 
Berkeley WT Jr. Southern Med J 58:1182-4, Sep 65 
Cit. no. 1341730 
Management of diabetic patients during surgery. 
Packovich MJ, et al. 
Surg Clin N Amer 45:975-82, Aug 65 
Cit. no. 1257102 
Untoward ophthalmic and neurologic events of 
anesthesia. Terry HR Jr, et al. 
Surg Clin N Amer 45:927-38, Aug 65 
Cit. no. 1257076 
Anaesthesist 13:337-40, Oct 64 (Ger) 
Cit. no. 1277203 
[Construction and use of the hyperbaric oxygen 
chamber] Rodewald G, et al. 
Anaesthesist 14:100-3, Apr 65 (Ger) 
Cit. no. 1271451 
[On the problem of the hepatotoxicity of halothane. 
Animal experiments with special reference to 
hypoxia doses] Schweikert CH, et al. 
Anaesthesist 14:74-9, Mar 65 (Ger) 
Cit. no. 1210033 
[On evaluation of the contractility of the myocardium. 
The duration of systole and its correlation under 
different hemodynamic and myocardial conditions] 
Hegglin R, et al. 
Arch Kreislaufforsch 46:17-27, Mar 65 (Ger) 
Cit. no. 1236653 
[The determination of anoxia tolerance in rat 
heart-lung preparations and the influence of coronary 
agents on them] Kukovetz WR. 
Arzneimittelforschung 14:1104-7, Oct 64 (Ger) 
Cit. no. 1367702 
[Hypoxia and metabolic disturbances in plasma cell 
interstitial pneumonia of premature and 
undernourished infants] Varga F, et al. 
Cesk Pediat 20:317-9, Mar 65 (Ger) 
Cit. no. 1274041 
[Direct cortical stimulus-response, impulses and 
polyneuronal activities during hypoxia] Wieck HH 
Deutsch Z Nervenheilk 186:299-322, 5 Oct 64 (Ger) 
Cit. no. 1311627 
[Isthmus blockade and hypoxia as causes of chronic 
recurrent and acute tryptic pancreatitis] Wanke M 
Gastroenterologia (Basel) 103:103-18, 1965 (Ger) 
Cit. no. 1210367 
[The influence of 02 deficiency on the development of 
28. INDEX MEDICUS 
31. EXTERIOR, SHOWING WATER TABLE 
32. SCHEME A- VIEW FROM TERRACE LOOKING EAST 
33. EXISTING PARKING 
34. MODEL OF TOWER SCHEME A, LOOKING WEST 
35. MODEL OF TOWER SCHEME A, LOOKING EAST 
36. DEVELOPMENT BEYOND 1987 
MISCELLANEOUS PHOTO DIAGRAM IV-D 34 
Plan Series G 
Pages 67-71 
c. Continuation of present useage - In the rehabilita 
tion plans (Series ”F") the major activities to 
remain are: 
1) Mezzanine - Office of the Director and 
Administrative Services. 
2) Main Floor - Card Catalog and related 
divisions - (TSD, Bibliography & 
Reference), Public Reading Room 
& History of Medicine. 
3) "A” Level - Inter-library Loan and Photo 
Duplications, Main Service Entrance 
(receiving & mailing) Auditorium, 
and remaining stacks 
4) "B" Level - Stacks. 
5) ”CV Level - Stacks. 
7. Lunch Room Facilities 
The present lunch room (see plan Series ’’D”-3, Page 
on "A" level next to the service entrance, was part 
of the initial plan, though somewhat enlarged at a 
later date, until it now has a capacity of 140 seats. 
It is essentially a packaged-portion food, self- 
service, snack bar type of facility with provision 
for hot soup and coffee; cold drinks and ice cream, 
designed to be serviced by the Maryland School of 
the Blind. 
8. Parking Facilities 
On the present site of the NLM there is one visitor*s 
parking space for 36 cars - already much too small 
and one employee*s parking space at the rear - for 
196 cars. This is also over crowded and the N.I.H, 
parking space to the north across the avenue is being 
used. The west side of the present parking space 
is being temporarily used as an access road to the 
new Virus Laboratory currently under construction. 
1) The installation of ’'Medlars’1 - computerized 
storage, retrieval & composing of the Index 
Medicus, resulted in the taking of space on 
the main floor for the Computer and Data 
Processing, crowding the Technical Services 
Division and requiring the assigning of stack 
space to them on ”B” level. Provision for 
the Systems Analysts occupied space reserved 
for stack expansion on ”C” level. 
2) The introduction of Publications & Information 
crowded out the Bibliographic Services on the 
Mezzanine while the Auditorium on ”A” level 
caused Supply to move from the convenient 
same floor as the Service Entrance down to ”C” 
level. Three studies were also displaced. 
3) Growth of the Office of the Director, The 
Administration Services and the Extra Mural 
Program had the effect of moving out the hewly 
authorized Extra Mural Program itself to the 
rented Blackwell Building. 
4) Moderate growth of the History of Medicine 
had the effect of occupying more of the 
general stack space on ”B” level. 
b. Further changes in useage. 
1) The introduction of the Drug Literature Program, 
Medical Subject Headings and Indexing on ”A” 
level (all to be moved out) absorbed more stack 
space and caused relocation of Binding into 
”C” stack space. 
2) Expansion of the lunch room at the expense of 
building maintenance space on ”A” level. The 
greatly increased requirements for the lunch 
room in the future will require it to move out 
to the new building with the advantage of 
being more centrally located in final complex. 
New structure should also have own supply room 
rather than further expansion of present. 
3) Requirement of more studies related to stacks 
will be distributed on ’’B” & ”C” level in NLM 
building and new stack area in new. 
4) Additional expansion of HMD will also require 
more space ”B” level. Plan Diagram ’’B" 
Page 9 
9. Utilities 
a. Water - Public Utility (Washington Suburban 
Sanitary Commission) - direct connection. 
b. Sanitary Sewer - Public Utility (Washington 
Suburban Sanitary Commission) - direct 
connection, 
c. Storm Water - direct outlet to brook, 
d. Steam - obtained from N.I.H. Central Power 
Plant, Bldg. #11. 
e. Chilled Water - obtained from N.I.H. Central 
Power Plant, Bldg. #11. 
f. Electricity - connected to present feeders 
serving N.L.M, 
g. Telephone - Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Co, 
10. Foundation Conditions 
Solid rock - as indicated by borings available from 
construction of NLM and present new Virus Laboratory. 
11• Zoning, Codes, and Controls 
a. National Capital Planning Commission. 
b. Montgomery County Zoning Ordinance (1960) does 
not place restrictions on government buildings. 
c. National Building Code (N B F U). 
d. N.I.H. Office Committee on Safety. 
e. National Electrical Code (N B F U). 
C. Analyses and Recommendations 
1• Studies 
Based on consultation with N.L.M, officials and 
study of documents furnished by N.L.M, such as the 
Five Year program including space requirements for 
an N.L.M. Annex, dated October 18th 1966, - the 
additional net square feet of useable space required 
in a new structure or structures (without renting 
commercial space) to enable the N.L.M. to carry out 
its program efficiently - was determined. The 
necessary conclusions were reached through the 
following studies: 
a. Projected Expansion of Departmental Diagrams V-A 
Personnel and Areas. and V-B 
Pages 36 & 37 
Schedule #1 
Page 38 
The Diagrams show the number of square feet of 
space and number of personnel by departments as 
of 1967 and the total amount of space required 
and authorized number of persons that will be 
needed as of 1972. In one or two instances a 
reduction is shown - either because of fewer 
persons or because present space can absorb more 
workers, 
The graphic illustration at the right indicates 
the amount of additional space needed compared 
to the old. 
The shading indicates which activities will move 
to the new structure. 
The schedule shows the authorized personnel com- 
pared with the actual number from 1957-1966 and 
the authorized number from 1967-1973. 
b. Growth of Collections Diagram VI 
Page 39 
1) Literature Collections (VI-A) - This chart 
indicates: 
a) That the stack capacity allowance for over 
20 years growth in 1962 (i.e. 1982) will be 
reached in 1980 - even if areas and depart- 
ments indicated on above Diagrams move to 
the new structure. This is due not only to 36 
OFFICE OF DIRECTOR 
ADMINISTR. SERVICES 
1967 
1972 
SQ.FT. 
PERS 
SQ.FT 
PERS 
DIRECTOR 
5160 
24 
4440 
22 
ITOTAL 
5160 
24 
4440 
1967 
1972 
SQ.FT. 
PERS 
SQ.FT. 
PERS 
ADMIN. SERVICES 
3120 
19 
4800 
40 
REC. a MAIL 
2070 
6 
3070 
12 
SUPPLY 
4470 
7 
7500 
18 
ITOTAL 
9660 
32 
15370 
-zil 
1967 
, SPACE OCCUPIED 
1972 ADDITIONAL 
SPACE REQUIRED 
1967 
■ SPACE OCCUPIED, 
1972 ADD. 
, SPACE REQ. 
-REDUCTION 
INTRAMURAL PROGRAM 
ASSOC. DIRECTOR 
1365 
8 
1890 
14 
MeSh 
1030 
9 
2400 
20 
DRUG LIT. 
1420 
13 
4320 
36 
Itotal 
3815 
30 
8610 
70l 
PUBL.a INFORMATION 
PUBL.a INFORM. 
1840 
9 
1840 
15 
GRAPHICS 
510 
$ 
510 
ITOTAL 
2350 
II 
2350 
_iej 
INFORMATION SERVICES 
REDUCTION 
DATA PROG. 
2775 
28 
2400 
16 
PROGRAMMERS 
4700 
27 
7200 
60 
COMPUTER 
2860 
3 
4200 
4 
ITOTAL 
10335 
58 
13800 
EE I 
EXTRAMURAL PROGRAM 
extramural 
3135 
PUBL.a TRANSL. 
696 
RES. 8 TRAINING 
700 
FAClL.a RESOURCES 
1905 
■TOTAL 
6435 
38 
13500 
tool 
FUNCTIONS REMAIN IN EXISTING BUILDING 
FUNCTIONS TO BE IN NEW FACILITIES 
SPECIAL EMP, TSD, HMD 8 PI STACKS ON B 8 C LEVELS NOT INCLUDED 
0 15 30 45 60 75 
PROJECTED EXPANSION OF DEPARTMENTAL PERSONNEL AND AREAS 2rA 37 
BIBLIOGRAPHIC SERVICES 
REFERENCE SERVICES 
1967 
1972 
SQ.FT. 
PERS 
SQ.FT. 
PERS 
SEARCH 
3415 
21 
6750 
50 
INDEX 
4830 
33 
IIOOO 
75 
ITOTAL 
8245 
54 
17750 
I25| 
1967 
SPACE OCCUPIED 
1972 ADDITIONAL 
SPACE REQUIRED 
1967 
1972 
SQ. FT. 
PERS 
SQ.FT 
PERS 
WORK AREA 
2575 
9 
1440 
12 
STACK ft READER SERV. 
1200 
24 
12 00 
33 
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF 
645 
5 
945 
7 
INTER LIBR. LOAN a 
PHOTO DUPLICATION 
4750 
19 
8800 
28 
PRESERV. BINDING 
2400 
9 
2700 
10 
MICRORECORDS 
600 
7 
3130 
!?i 
12170 
63 
182 15 
I03| 
1967 
1972 ADD- 
SPACEREQ 
, SPACE OCCUPIED 
HISTORY OF MEDICINE 
HIST. OF MEDICINE 
11390 
22 
13990 
35 
ITOTAL 
11390 
22 
13990 
351 
TECHNICAL SERVICES 
TECHN. SERVICES 
7060 
65 
12000 
100 
7060 
65 
12000 
I00| 
FUNCTIONS REMAIN IN EXISTING BUILDING 
FUNCTIONS TO BE IN NEW FACILITIES 
SPECIAL EMP, TSD, HMD a PI STACKS ON B 8 C LEVELS NOT INCLUDED 
PROJECTED EXPANSION OF DEPARTMENTAL PERSONNEL AND AREAS 2“ B 
0 15 30 45 60 75 38 
ACTUAL 
YEAR 
AUTHORIZED 
PERSONNEL 
ON DUTY 
ADDED PERSONNEL 
FOR TOXICOLOGY 
1957 
223 
211 
1958 
225 
217 
1959 
224 
219 
I960 
224 
216 
1961 
224 
216 
1962 
234 
211 
1963 
242 
240 
1964 
268 
259 
1965 
291 
269 
1966 
352 
320 
1967 
393 
322 
20 
1968 
427 
41 
PROJECTED 
1969 
527 
60 
1970 
615 
1971 
690 
1972 
790 
200 
1973 
835 
encroachment to the stack areas by departmental 
expansion, remaining within the NLM, but 
primarily because of a rapid rate of increase 
of acquisition for some years due to the 
broadening of the scope as to the type of books 
to be acquired - not only in medicine directly 
but in related fields. 
2) Growth of NLM Microfilm Collection, Diagram VI-B 
Page 39 
This chart indicates a major expansion of the 
Intra-Mural micro-filming activity - chiefly in 
the preservation of deteriorating books, by going 
to outside contracts for the work, currently 
planned at 10,000,000 pages a year - a grand 
total of 12,000,000 pages a year beginning by 
1969. 
c. Accommodating the Growth of the Book Collection: 
1) Mission. The basic mission of‘ the N.L.M, in- 
cludes the acquisition of the published literature 
of the bio-medical sciences, and these will 
continue to be housed in the stacks of the 
original building (subject to extension as 
required). It is assumed that for the next 10-20 
years (while new types of medical information 
forms are developing) books and journals will 
continue to be the principal means of communica- 
tion • 
2) The apparent growth rate - estimates based on 
the linear feet of occupied shelving indicated 
the present collection is doubling every 16-18 
years. 
3) Changes in scope of collection - With its new 
role in the national health effort the library 
not only faces a rapid expansion of its basic 
programs utilizing the book collection but now 
faces the need of a collection of bio-medical 
literature with a much broader coverage in subject 
matter in fields related to problems of health 
and education. In addition the total body of 
medical literature today is expanding at a faster 
rate. 
For this reason, the rate of growth indicates not 
only the increase from the acquisition of newly 
published bio-medical literature but also the 
acquisition, for the first time, of books in the 
broader field including the related subjects. It 
is anticipated this expansion of the scope of the 
collection, added to the normal rate growth, will 
double the collection every 12% years. 
Page 39 
TOTAL N.L. M. PERSONNEL 
SCHEDULE * I 39 
WORKING LINEAR FEET OF SHELVING 
(ASSUMES 15 LF WORKING CAPACITY PER SINGLE FACE STACK UNIT 
200 000 
150000 
100 000 
50 000 
100 000000 
STACK CAPACITY EXISTING AND NEfl BUILDING 
(WITH C DM PACT STORAGE FOR 1/4 DF COLLECTION) 
197500 
159400 
140600 
115500 
STACK CAPACITY ATI BLDG. OCCUPANCY 1962 
PROJ. STACK CAPACITY EXIST BLDG* 1972 
STACK CAPACITY AT PRESENT 
ASSUMED GROWTH 
RATE AT 5.5%/YR 
ASSUMED GROWTH RATE 
OF 12 000 000 PAGES/YR 
NUMBER OF PAGES ON MICROFILM 
50000 000 
88600 
67500 
GROWTH OF N.L.M. LITERATURE COLLECTION 
GROWTH OF N.L.M. MICROFILM COLLECTION 
B 
A SHELVING FIGURES DO NOT INCLUDE SPECIAL STACKS 
FOR HMD, EMP, TSD AND PI 
DIAGRAM 5 ZI-A 5n-B 
PROJECTED GROWTH OF COLLECTIONS 40 
4) Normal Stack Expansion 
The plans of 1962 allowed for a stack expan- 
sion within the structure of approximately 
three times the entering collection - or the 
equivalent of 159,400 lin. ft. of shelving. 
Much of this reserve for expansion has been 
encroached upon not only by unexpected growth 
in the "traditional" library departments 
because of the demands on their increasingly 
valued services but particularly by the space 
required for the new services that have 
become possible with the use of the computer 
plus the development of new areas required 
for the effective use of the computer itself - 
such as systems analysis, programming, data 
processing and problems of indexing - in the 
Medlars program. All this has reduced the 
stack capacity in 1967 to 115,500 lin.ft. 
Even if these latter departments and the com- 
puter move out into the new structure and the 
library is restored to its traditional pur- 
poses it will be found that considerable stack 
space has still been lost to other purposes. 
Diagram VI, Page 39 - indicates the total stack 
capacity of 1962 of 159,400 lin.ft, will be 
reduced to 140,600 lin.ft. in the 1972 program,, 
Assuming the rate of growth figures available 
at present, this indicates the present stacks 
will be full by 1980, If expansion is to be 
allowed for within the new project until 1987, 
(20 years from 1967) this means six years of 
growth should be allowed for in this program - 
approximately 57,200 lin.ft, of stack, (9 1.63 
lin,ft./sq.ft, this indicates approximately 
35,100 sq.ft, should be allowed for in the new 
project. 
5) "Compact” Storage 
A program is already under way for the micro- 
filming or recording of documents, particularly 
of deteriorating books - approximately 4,000,000 
pages a year at this time. It is estimated 
approximately 2,000,000 pages a year will con- 
tinue to be done "in house" by the NLM, and, 
at increasing rate up to 10,000,000 pages a 
year will be done "outside" by contract. 
To efficiently photocopy these documents they 
must be taken apart. Some are rebound, but 
the larger part are tied up and retained as 
a matter of record, only. Such books and 
certain others such as bound copies of journals 
no longer in active circulation, theses, etc. 
need not take up valuable open stack space and 
can well be stored in the equivalent of 
inactive storage. 
Anticipating some such condition might occur - 
in the original plans, "C" level was designed 
to permit the future installation of "compact” 
storage, a method of storing more books in 
the same amount of space. Being on grade - 
in this case rock - it could easily take any 
substantially heavier floor load. 
/ 
The original conduit system with electric 
boxes in the slab, was laid out to permit a 
lighting layout for "compact" storage in the 
future. 
6) Types & Methods of Compact Storage 
There are two basic methods of "compact" 
shelving; 
a) Proprietary Systems : 
Essentially any system of sliding, rolling, 
swinging, draw-type, or other type of 
shelving that permits a much closer concen- 
tration of shelving but at the expense of 
convenience of access. 
Not necessarily of the same alignment as 
standard stacks they may require alteration 
of the lighting system - to be figured in 
the cost - as well as, in some cases, elec- 
trical connections or structural alterations. 
In comparing the "compact" storage systems 
it was assumed that books would be shelved 
with the same average number of volumes per 
shelf as in the standard stack - i.e., to 
allow for normal "shelving" procedures with 
present cataloging system of classification 
numbers. 41 
(Normal shelving procedures leave the 
average of 30% of each shelf empty, 
initially, to allow for addition of new 
material in the same classification, in 
its right place, without having to shift 
all the books each time). 
Many types of "compact" storage were in- 
vestigated including the following types: 
"Book-leaf", "drawer", "sliding cradle", 
"Electro-mechanical retrieval", "Aisle 
compression-Manual’’, and "Aisle compression- 
Electric". 
Some required so much moving by hand of 
many sections of books to get at the one 
in behind - they were considered impractical 
by the NLM. Others would cost more to 
purchase and install than to build new 
additional stack space - in this case 
defeating the purpose of using them. 
As this study is for comparison and estimat- 
ing purposes only, one or two of the 
reasonable systems (for this case) were 
finally selected for comparison using the 
standard stack of the NLM as the measuring 
rod. 
The various systems investigated are as 
follows: 
(1) Diagram VII-A-1 - existing "standard" 
stack - current normal useage - for 
comparison. Space occupied by 49,500* 
lin.ft. of shelving - "normal" shelving 
procedure - would equal approximately 
10 bays of stack space on "C" level. 
(2) Diagram VII-B-1 - "Compact" Storage - 
"sliding cradle" type. Rear range of 
shelving is the same as average standard 
stack. On tracks, in front, the 
shelves slide individually, but with 
one less shelf - horizontally - for each 
shelf in behind - so that by sliding 
the shelf it is possible to have an open 
space in front of the section it is 
desired to reach - see Photo Diagram 
IV-B-17, Page 31. Disadvantage of this 
type is shelves are not adjustable. 
This system would save about 25% over the 
standard stack. 
(3) Diagram VXI-B-2 - ’’Compact" Storage 
"drawer"type. By arranging the 
equivalent of two shelves at right 
angles in behind the front shelf - all 
in a pull out drawer unit (Photo IV-B-16) 
Page 31 over twice as many books for 
the same amount of aisles can be stored 
though proportionately deeper between 
aisles. This system also would save 25% 
of floor space over standard stack 
normal spacing. 
*49,500 lin.ft. is approximately 1/4 of 
197,800 lin.ft. anticipated by 1987. 42 
(6) Diagram VII-B-5, 
"Aisle Compression Manual". Double 
section unit on tracks allowing complete 
filling of bay less number of units to 
create one aisle. By moving all other 
units aisle is created for access to 
desired section. Indicate space saving 
44%. Considered too inconvenient by 
librarians but one of most compact and 
shelves can be adjusted. 
(4) Diagram VII-B-3 "Compact" Storage, 
"Folding Leaf Type." Equal amount of 
storage on shelves arranged on hinged 
units like cupboard doors in front of 
base units. Unit must be swung open 
for access to any shelf. Has advantage 
of adjustable shelf space. Saving 33% 
over standard. 
(5) Diagram VII-B-4, 
"Electro-Mechanical Retrieval". A 
storage tray system but with access to 
particular tray achieved by motor 
operated unit which brings tray to end 
of aisle. Selection controlled by 
electric panel at end of every other 
range. System considered too elaborate 
and costly for intended useage. 
(7) Diagram VII-B-6, 
"Aisle Compression Electric", same as 
B-4 but motor operated. Requires more 
height top and bottom to install (raised 
6-8" off floor plus 2" at top)• Con- 
sidered too elaborate for purpose. 43 
(8) Conclusions; 
(a) For purposes of this report no 
specific selection was made but a 
system assumed, in principle, that 
would save 25% of area as a reason- 
able compromise of first cost, 
convenience and simplicity of 
manual operation. (One of the motor 
operated systems alone cost more 
per sq.ft, than the building itself). 
Based on saving 25% of 49,500 lin.ft. 
or 12,300’ of shelving - 7,600 sq.ft, 
of space could be saved with a com- 
pact storage - allowing for shelves 
70% full. 
b) ’’Yale” System 
(1) Definition: Typical of several systems 
for shelving more books in standard 
stacks. In this case: 
(a) Shelving books by size - all books 
on any one shelf of same height - 
permitting an average of more 
shelves than the nominal six or 
seven in the stack height. 
(b) Numbering books serially, permitting 
each shelf to be packed full (instead 
of allowing room for addition of 
new books on the same subject 
normally 25-30%). 
(c) To gain more space books are some- 
times set on their long edges as 
well as shelved by size. 
(d) As a further "refinement” books are 
sometimes "guillotined" or trimmed 
to give them neat dimensions and to 
give a smooth end of pages surface 
for the new number to be applied. 
For practical reasons and applicability 
in the case of the NLM the first two 
methods may be considered - i.e. 
shelving by size, and numbering serially. 
See Plan G-5 
Page 71 
(2) There are several applications such as 
that of the New England Depository 
Library, perhaps the first, or the 
present "Fixed Order Form" of the New 
York Public Library. (Photo-Diagram 
IV-C-19, 20, 21, Page 32. 
For the NLM - an applicable system to 
meet the needs of the particular installa- 
tion would have to be worked out. In 
principle, however, it is possible to 
save as much stack space by this method 
as may be gained by the average "compact" 
storage equipment maintaining the normal 
library classification system of numbers. 
However, the clerical labor of completely 
changing over from the established 
classification to a serially numbered 
system would apparently prove as costly 
as the installation of the compact 
storage itself, if not more. 
On first consideration this would seem 
to preclude the use of the "Yale System" 
in the NLM. 
On the other hand once a library catalog 
is computerized, locating a book by a 
new serial number while retaining the 
old classification number may be very 
simple. 
The great advantage of this system is 
that the books are still immediately 
visible and accessible without moving 
anything or with the use of mechanical 
contrivances subject to breakdowns. 
In addition, the standard shelves, more 
economical - and "on hand" - can be used. 
In further consideration of advantages 
and savings to be made the type of 
material to be stored was reconsidered. 
It was realized that if all pre 1930 
serials or pre 1930 monographs were 
put into compact storage by_ date they 
could be packed solid without change of 
library card system. All that would be 
required would be for the reader to note 
the date on the call slip and the service 
desk (or future computer) would note 
the change of location. 44 
Another possibility would be that 30-40 
volumes of back serials could be 
represented by one card - a relatively 
low cost change. 
In any case it was decided that 90% of 
the material ear marked for "compact" 
storage could be so shelved, whether 
in standard or "compact" storage at a 
saving of 25%. of the space. 
For this reason it was assumed that by 
going to "compact" storage in "C" level 
under a combination of the above "Yale" 
and "Compact" systems 2 x 7,600 sq.ft, 
or 15,200 sq.ft, could be saved. 
c) Conclusions 
For this study it is sufficient to 
determine the amount of space that can 
be saved by a "compact" storage system 
as a way of reducing the amount of new 
square footage otherwise required in 
the program of areas. See Plan G-5, page 71. 
At the time the necessity for "compact" 
storage becomes imminent the decision 
as to method can be made taking into 
consideration the types of material to 
be stored at that time, - there being 
a balancing factor between the type of 
compact system selected and the method 
of shelving within the system - so 50% 
would still be conservative. 
d) Closer Stack Spacing Diagram VII-C-1 
While considering ways of saving space it 
may also be noted there are three ways of 
saving space with the present standard 
stacks. 
(1) Closer spacing of ranges - by spacing 
the ranges closer together giving 6 
ranges per bay instead of five. This 
would result in a narrow stack aisle 
of 22" instead of 30". (Inconvenient 
in getting past a book truck - or 
stooping for lower shelf)• In any 
typical bay this would save 18% of the 
space. Aisles will no longer coincide 
with overhead light spacing, requiring 
change of lighting plus addition of 
row of lights. 
(2) Narrow Main Aisle. In addition - if 
the mobile camera is not required in 
such an area of the stack - the main 
aisles could be narrowed from 6' to 3*, 
gaining one double faced stack section 
per range on each main aisle. 
While amount of gain will depend on 
the particular layout of stack and 
frequency of main aisles - assuming an 
average of 6 sections per range after 
deduction for main aisles and columns 
it would be possible to gain the 
equivalent of one range for each bay - 
an additional saving of 18% of the 
space. 
These two together plus shelving above 
under a modified "Yale" system or 
"Fixed Order Form" would save over 50% 
without the need of purchasing any 
special compact stacks. Even the 4 5 
additional standard stacks that would 
eventually be required could be sub- 
stituted for with the far more economical 
metal commercial stack shelving - noting 
it means the sacrifice of adjustable 
shelving - and interchangeability in 
purpose with other stacks in the library. 
See Diagram VII-C-l, 
Page 44 
(3) Additional top shelf - In the initial 
library stack installation a special 
high post was provided on "A" & "B" 
level stacks so that an eighth or extra 
high shelf could be added. This is too 
high for normal reach of even tall 
librarians and its use would also mean 
the material was spread generally 
throughout the library f,A" & ”B" stacks 
rather than the particular area of ”C” 
level. It might well serve for material 
that has been replaced in active use 
by micro-filming for example. 
It should be cautioned, however, that 
for "free- standing” stacks, not 
fastened to the floor - some thoughtless 
person - reaching for the high shelf 
without a footstool - may attempt to 
use a lower shelf as a ladder and tip 
the stack over (it has happened else- 
where) • Therefore, in areas where such 
extra top shelf might be provided - 
either floor fastening or top bracing 
is necessary - preferably both, 
d. Accommodating the Growth of Micro- 
Film Storage, 35 mm. 
With the accumulation of micro-film from the micro- 
recording program now under way plus the antic- 
ipated requirements of the Graphic Image Storage 
and Retreival System that will be based on initial 
micro-filming, it is anticipated a new type of 
storage will be required for this item. 
As at present, it is practical to store the boxes 
of reels of micro-film (approx. 4 x 4 x 2”) in 
standard stack shelving but, as the collection 
accumulates, this becomes a very inefficient 
utilization of stacks as the film box uses up only 
4” of the depth of 10” depth of the average shelf. 
For comparative purposes, a study of various 
typical system available was made for storing 
47,680 boxes or reels, approximately 40,000,000 
pages - the goal for 1972. Provision is to be 
made in the new budget for storage up to 
100,000,000 pages total by 1986. 
3.) Diagram VI11-A-1 
Type ”A” - open bracket shelf type designed 
for attachment to standard stack uprights 
which could be set closer together to gain 
space. 
2) Diagram VIII-A-2 
Type "B" - open shelf on adjustable brackets 
for attachment to standard stack posts set 
closer together or to perforated posts supplied 
for wall attachment. 46 
3) Diagram VIII-A-3 
Type "C" - welded unit of shelf for wall 
attachment. Type "D" for double face, 
attached to posts. 
5) Diagram VIII-C-1, 2, and 3 
a) Type "F" - sliding tray units 
b) Type "G" - sliding tray units 
c) Type "H" - sliding tray units 
Note: In sliding tray unit observed in use - 
while designed for 4 rows per tray - 16 boxes 
deep - using library found depth of only 15 
boxes practical to allow sufficient looseness 
so any box could be readily removed. 
4) Diagram VIII-B-1 
Type "E" - combination of two drawer type 
cases (A) & (B), installed in typical stack 
bay. This type used in figuring required 
areas. Example of (B) see Photo Diagram 
IV-3-18, Page 31. 
e. Accommodating Growth of Other Types of Informa- 
tion Storage. 
1) Tape Storage - Input of Computer Diagram IX 
for Medlars is on punched paper Page 47 
tape - magnetic tapes are used to 
store the information available for 
retrieval• 
Currently stored in open shelves 
against wall. Future rate of 
accumulation to be estimated. 
Required amount of storage space 
not serious for present. Methods 
of storing diagram IX. DIAGRAM 1X 
TAPE STORAGE UNITS 48 
2) Continuous Tape Cartridges. Currently used 
in pilot model audio-visual equipment used in 
Reading Room study. Small collection of 
talking films accumulating. Reader can 
borrow film cartridge at desk and insert in 
machine himself. Anticipate will be 
supplanted by future dial access central 
system. 
3) Phonograph Records. Accumulation in spacial 
quantity not anticipated. 
4) Medical In the event the NLM becomes 
the repository of Archival Medical Film 
Storage, provision for taped film storage 
will require special study as well as vault 
space• 
Note: As direction of future growth in use of 
magnetic tapes, films, disks, etc., often in 
plastic containers, becomes more definite - for 
reasons of fire safety storage on open shelves - 
as at present - should not continue. The 
problems of segregation into vaults, fire 
extinguishing system, alarms, etc. will require 
detailed study not only to meet the-safety 
problems, but that of planning so efficiency of 
operation of library will not be adversely 
affected, 
f. Main Reading Room - Improvements - Diagram X 
1) A.V. Study Carrels Main Reading Room. 
Diagram X-A 
Page 50 
It is proposed to replace 2 units of the 
typical four carrel units in the Main Reading 
Room (Photo Diagram IV-A-6) with similar units 
but redesigned to accommodate audio visual 
equipment on which the desired information can 
be dialed by the user. To avoid disturbing 
nearby readers, earphones would presumably be 
used. 
Three additional units would be set up in the 
small studies off the Reading Room (west side) 
where loud speakers could be used if more than 
one listener. 
a) As an initial experiment, the N.L.M. has 
acquired Fairchild self-contained units using 
an audio visual continuous film cartridge 
which can be slipped in and out by the user. 
These units are set up in the present Read- 
ing Room studies. In the interim, until 
the final system is developed, medical 
subjects on continuous film cartridges will 
continue to be collected. 
b) A further development is the pilot project 
of the West Hartford Public School System 
which was visited. Photo - Diagram IV-C-22, 
23,24,Page 32. 
In this system Audio Visual units with a 
telephone type dial are installed in a 
series of carrels and the desired program 
can be dialed for directly from the storage 
system without any manual assistance. The 
same dial system serves the large T.V. set 
in the classroom. 
At present they have 8 Audio-Visual channels 
and 16 audio only, in the system. These 
channels, including educational subjects 
from "the air" are manually set up with 
different programs as required for instruc- 
tion in the different classes from day to 
day. They automatically rewind "home" 
reels when shut off. An additional device 
has been designed that will permit random 
access to any part of one of the home 
programs. 
c) A facsimile of the proposed Audio Visual 
unit (Photo Diagram IV-B-13, Page 31) 
was constructed in the Architect’s office 
to show how it would be used in the re- 
designed carrel. Compared to the West 
Hartford carrel, the unit is raised off the 
carrel table to shelf height, so open books 
or maps can have full extent of table top. 
The carrel (Diagram X-B-l & 2, Page 51 ) 
is shown closed to the left and unit in the 
corner so ear phone cord will give least 
interference when plugged in. The ear 
phone could be signed for at the desk and 
plugged in by the user. 49 
The A.V. panel is shown with the seat 
number of the carrel, including a tell- 
tale signal light. This would be lighted 
from the desk by wire-less when the book 
asked for by the reader is ready for pick- 
up. (Other seats in reading room would 
have similar signaling device). 
The set is shown fixed to the carrel but 
it could be a separate unit on the shelf 
and plugged into the wiring core in the 
center, if equipment is found to be still 
in the development stage when new facility 
opens• 
It will be noted the proposed carrel con- 
tinues the use of small tables. This 
permits similar installation if the same 
size is to be set up in single or double 
units elsewhere in the stack or the new 
Annex. 
d) The eventual A.V, unit would be connected 
to the proposed Graphic Image Storage & 
Retrieval System, in this case utilized as 
a ’’console" type access to material avail- 
able in the computer storage system. 
2) Readers Service Desk & Related Services 
While it is not proposed to increase the size 
of the Reading Room, several suggestions have 
been made for increasing the efficiency of the 
service and supervision to meet demands of 
more readers as well as additional type of 
readers - particularly students. The three 
major areas of proposed changes to be investiga- 
ted were: 
a) Annunciators - Diagram X-B, Page 51 
(to notify readers where book requested is 
at this desk), It was desired to have a 
system not only with more call numbers 
for readers than at present, but one on 
which they could see or hear their call 
numbers from their place in the reading 
room without having to go over to present 
unit at the Desk - from time to time - or 
waiting in front of it. Various systems 
for notifying the reader at his numbered 
place such as by buzzer, signal light, T.V. 
screen, or other means as well as conventional 
panels were also considered. 
(1) From this investigation it would seem 
the best system would be one in which 
the seat numbers or related signal 
light at the desk or carrel would light 
up when the readers requested book was 
ready, by signal from the desk. Con- 
ventional methods would require wiring 
extending to the individual seats. 
This would not only be costly but in- 
stalling the wire would mean cutting 
into the floors for the conduit. The 
connection to the carrel type seating 
would not only be unsightly but destroy 
the flexibility of locating them as 
pieces of furniture. (The carrels 
units are actually a group of 4 tables 
with a demountable screen unit between 
them). However, it is possible to 
achieve the same results without any 
direct wire connection by means of a 
wireless transmitter. While the most 
costly because of the equipment - it 
would be the easiest to install, and 
the most convenient to the reader. Any 
possible influence on computer consoles 
would have to be checked with the 
computer manufacturer. 
(2) Of the other systems, one using a panel 
or panels with call number of reader 
illuminated until the book is picked 
up, seemed the simplest to install, as 
well as the most economical. Their 
use is familiar to the public. 
Three panel systems were investigated. 
In order of economy they would be: 
(a) one large board - (disturbing to 
the appearance of the room), 
(b) two smaller boards - one located 
(for easier visibility) in each 
half of the room with its seat 
numbers• 
(c) eight small boards - individually 
less conspicuous and zoned for groups 
of seats. 50 
X-A 
SCHOLAR'S RESEARCH STUDY 
AUDIO-VISUAL STUDY CARREL PLAN ® ® ® INDICATE ANNUNCIATOR PANELS 
ANNUNCIATOR TABLE 
51 
120 STATIONS-WIRELESS 
SMALL JEWEL LIGHT INSTAL- 
LED ON APRON OF EACH 
READER STATION TABLE 
BOOK CONVEYOR 
SOLID-WIRED, LOCATED FOR 
TOTAL VISIBILITY 
I BOARD 
SOLID-WIRED EACH BOARD 
ZONED AND LOCATED FOR 
1/2 POPULATION OF ROOM 
2 BOARDS 
MUCH SMALLER BOARDS 
8 BOARDS 
SAME AS NO. I 
120 IND. LGT. SIGNALS-WIRED 
1st FLOOR 
SMALL EWEL LIGHT INSTAL- 
LED ON APRON OF EACH 
READER - STATION. 
SMALL BUZZER AT ONSET 
120 IND.LGT. 8 SOUND S1G.-WIRED 
SAME AS 4a 5 PLUS SIGNAL 
KEY TO ACKNOWLEGE RECEIPT 
OF PAGE SIGNAL 
120 IND. LGT. 8 SOUND AND ACK- 
NOWLEGMENT BUTTON-WIRED 
CLOSED CIRCUIT TV. 
(W/NUMBER GENERATOR) 
TO I BOARD 
SAME AS I, BUT ONLY I PAGE 
SIGNAL AT A TIME NUMBERS 
WOULD HAVE TO BE ROTATED 
IN SEQUENCE UNTIL ACTED 
UPON 
A8B FLR. 
ENLARGED 
DESK 
TURNSTILE — 
ALTERNATE 
C FLOOR 
120 PIGEON HOLES AT A 
ALTERNATE LOCATION AT B 
MAIN READING ROOM IMPROVEMENTS 
X-B 52 
The different systems are summarized 
and compared on schedule No. 5. 
The three different ’’panel" systems 
with illuminated numbers operated from 
the desk - are shown by symbols on "F", 
Reading Room plan - Diagram X-A. 
b) Book Conveyor 
At present the Reading Room charging desk 
is served by a small stack elevator for 
book trucks and personnel and a book-lift 
to deliver books from the stacks to the 
desk. This latter is found to be too slow 
in service with present demands and a book 
conveyor is desired. 
It should be of a type that could be loaded 
at any of the three stack levels but dis- 
charge only at the first floor desk - in a 
continuous operation - with no waiting. 
A number of book-conveyors are commercially 
available but would require the space of 
the elevator which cannot be sacrificed. 
(In the return of books - accumulating them 
on a book truck designated for a particular 
stack level or area of stack is still the 
simplest way, plus retaining the convenience 
of the elevator for service personnel). 
However, a satisfactory conveyor can be 
designed to fit in the dumbwaiter shaft but 
projecting somewhat in front of the shaft 
at the desk level, The scheme of the con- 
veyor is shown on Diagram X-B-l & 2, Page 51 
the location, on Reading Room Plan Diagram 
X-A, and desk plan Diagram X-B. 
c) Enlarged Desk & Pigeon Holes Diagram X-B 
Page 51 
In considering enlargement of this charging 
desk four principle factors were listed for 
consideration: 
(1) More space behind the desk, more counter 
top as well as more counter space below. 
(2) Addition of a turnstile at entrance to 
room - controlled by the desk to insure 
better supervision of the increasing 
number of University students using 
the reading room, 
(3) Projection of the desk into the Reading 
Room to the south to permit better 
visual supervision, 
(4) If possible, some practical system of 
numbered pigeon holes (120 - to correspond 
to the number of seats) where books 
called for could be placed while waiting 
to be picked up by the reader - (advised 
by the annunciator). 
There are many possible new arrangements 
but one illustrating the principles involved 
is included herein (Diagram X-B, Page 51) 
explained as follows: 
(5) While it would be possible to enlarge 
the space behind the desk by creating 
a new entrance to the Reading Room from 
the adjacent corner of the Catalog - it 
would seem best to keep the present 
entrance location and enlarge the desk 
by extension as shown. 
Within the reading room, the space could be 
enlarged to include the first column - 
shown by dotted lines if more space found 
necessary at later time. Inclusion of a 
book conveyor has been noted above, (Par.b) 
(6) However, advantage could be taken of 
the retention of the entrance at the 
narrow end to install a turnstile con- 
trol - a standard item-arranged 
approximately as shown. Sockets in the 
floor would permit it to be set-up or 
taken down as desired. (Heavy traffic 
from University students is periodic), 
(7) Projecting into the room beyond the 
fixed stair and wire closet shaft will 
permit greatly increased visual super- 
vision of the room. 53 
(8) There are two basic solutions for the 
pigeon holes: 
(a) Location "A" on plan. To encroach 
on the area of visual supervision 
as little as possible - there are 
many schemes - the pigeon holes are 
shown as a block - extending from 
2* above the floor to in boxes 
approximately 9" x 12", on the 
south wall of the stair and wire 
shaft behind the desk (location A). 
They would be filled by the staff, 
and the books removed by the public, 
from the front. 
While such a scheme has the 
advantage of "self-service" there 
is some loss of "control" - even if 
sub-conscious - in that the taker 
of the book may not be observed. 
For this reason an alternate loca- 
tion is shown. 
(b) Location "B" on plan (Diagram X-E). 
Located on West wall of stair shaft 
behind the desk, has the following 
advantages; pigeon holes are in 
view of public, filled from behind 
the desk, easily reached to hand 
any book over the counter on demand - 
(perhaps with seat numbered check 
issued with call slip as at NYPL) 
with resulting added degree of con- 
trol. However, if desk is only 
extended and space behind not widened 
this location will reduce work space 
too much. 
d« Facilities for Scholarly Research Studies 
Diagram X-A 
Page 50 
It is proposed the accommodation for visiting 
scholars, already initiated, will be expanded in 
the new facilities as well as in the stack areas 
and located as most convenient for the work to be 
done. These would be in the form of small private 
rooms of approximately 130 sq.ft., providing desk, 
reference table, bookcase, letter file, chairs, 
typewriter table, as required. For location in 
NLM Building see Plan series "G", Pages 67-71. 
These studies could also be wired for use of 
dial access, audio-visual equipment as automated 
storage and access system is developed. 
e* Reconversion to originally planned useage (See 
Plan "E"-2, Page 23) - To reconvert the present 
NLM Bldg, to its originally planned useage will 
require: 
1) Relocation of the computer and related 
activities to the new structure to recapture 
the space for the basic departments. However, 
the "second-generation” computer will arrive 
before new space is ready and "phasing" 
out. There would seem to be a way of install- 
ing the new equipment in same general area as 
the existing equipment because there is still 
sufficient "raised floor" space available. 
2) Recovery of as much of the original assigned 
stacks spaces as possible by moving out 
departmental space not part of original library 
useage and including installation of compact 
storage system for 25% of the collection. 
2. Graphic Image Storage and Retrieval 
a. Background Information 
1) Bibliography - With the introduction of Medlars 
the long published Index Medicus - the 
monthly cataloging of Medical Journal cita- 
tions - was converted to computer operation 
with an automated storage-retrieval and print- 
out operation. Its success not only speeded 
up the preparation of the Index - permitting 
more to be done within the monthly interval - 
but vastly increased the range of recurring 
and demand bibliographic services the NLM 
could render. For sample see Photo Diagram 
IV-D-29,Page 33. 
2) Catalog - As part of the Medlars system the 
NLM in January 1966 initiated a centralized 
catalog service for the field of Medical 
Literature issued bi-weekly as the NLM Current 
Catalogue. With this step in the automation 54 
of the catalog under way (and eventual linkage 
with a national system) the information service 
of the NLM will eventually not only be greatly 
facilitated and its capabilites expanded but 
through such methods as tape copies it will 
greatly assist the improvement of Medical 
libraries throughout the country. 
3) Processing - With the automated catalog the 
technical services themselves - the selection 
acquisition - circulation control, etc. of 
books can be improved and advanced. For 
example of daily circulation control by library 
with automated cataloging see example - Photo 
Diagram IV-D-30,Page 33. 
4) Information - With the world’s largest 
collection of bio-medical literature and means 
of access to it increasing so rapidly the 
pressure on the service of providing informa- 
tion is great. 
At present, on receipt of a request - 
personnel of the library make the search - 
locate the article - find,the appropriate 
volume in the stack and bring it to the end 
of the range. At this point the highly 
developed mechanical processes of the library 
come into action - the mobile camera (Photo 
Diagram 3V-A-7, Page 30) comes to the end of the 
range - the article is microfilmed - the film 
developed - photo enlarged by high speed Xerox 
process into a folder which already includes 
address of the inquirer and the answer is on 
its way back in as short a time as 48 hours. 
The actual time of mechanical processing of 
item is a matter of minutes. 
b. Future - Obviously, if the service of furnishing 
of information is to keep up with the improve- 
ments and expansion of catalog and bibliographic 
services, the computer must be harnessed to this 
service as well. In contrast to the current 
Medlars system which transcribes information to 
a machine readable language by means of punch 
tape typewriters, (Photo-Diagram IV-A-8, Page 30) 
the new service calls for some way of reproducing 
the printed page with its drawing, diagrams, 
pictures, etc. in such a way it can be utilized 
in computer operation to achieve the necessary 
speed. Such a system is referred to as the 
Graphic Image Storage & Retrieval System. The 
problem of the moment is not how to do it - but 
how to do it practically on a large scale. We 
read of current computer operations of the 
storage capacities of billions of ’’bits'1, which 
may be millions of pages which are only thousands 
of volumes. The NLM may look forward to perhaps 
the equivalent of 2,000,000 volumes - the Library 
of Congress many times more. 
c. Initial steps - Before material of such a diversity 
of format, size, and shape as books and journals, 
etc. can be fed into a machine, they must first 
be transferred to a common, reproducible form of 
record. The best method for library purposes 
today is micro-film. This has reached a high 
state of development over a long period of years 
and is widely used for copying unique documents, 
preservation, space saving, etc., and a great 
deal of material today is available on micro-film 
for example - the daily edition of the New York 
Times. 
The NLM already has the micro-record equipment 
and a large copying program under way, both in 
desemination of information and also in the 
preservation program. 
d. Basic Requirements - Recording of required 
documents on micro-film - These are stored on 
reels in uniform boxes and filed with an 
identifying system in steel drawer cases. With 
the film available - it can be used for many 
purposes - as duplication, positive film, or 
slides - operative cards (adapted to handling in 
punch card system) micro prints or conversion to 
video tapes, etc. 
e. Storage & Retrieval System 
1) Hartford System - The West Hartford School 
System pilot project illustrated in Photo 
Diagram IV-C-22,23,& 24,Page 32 illustrated a 
method where any moving pictures, film strips, 
slides, with sound tracks, and A.V, tape 
”in the store" may be made available to student 55 
or teacher by dialing the appropriate number. 
The system works but its automatic capacity is 
limited to the number of individual machines 
and their storage capacity, such as a reel of 
film or a magazine of slides. For school 
purposes the appropriate material is set up 
in advance by programing. For certain aspects 
of limited library purposes such a system will 
have its use but is obviously too limited in 
capacity for general use. 
2) Micro-film & Image Handling equipment - While 
micro-film has the satisfactory "resolution" 
required for reduction of lines or figures to 
a minute scale the silver halide emulsion 
requires a chemical development which is not 
adapted to the high speeds of the automated 
process. With the invention of the Kalvar 
process a method of producing an image by 
exposure by light and developing by exposure 
to heat - no intervening chemical & dark room 
process with its difficulties - the way is 
open to automation. 
Introducing the basic reel of microfilm into 
the machine it can be projected onto the new 
film at still further reduction at the same 
time recording, in conjunction with the image, 
the coding or identification necessary for 
identifying or locating the particular image 
by machine. This process can take place at 
a high speed. This new film-tape is the one 
handled in the storage & retrieval system. 
The original microfilm can be refiled as a 
"security" copy in case of damage to the 
active film. 
3) Systems adaptable to library purposes. 
a) Aperture card - One system highly developed 
for business purposes is to mount copies 
of one or more individual items on micro- 
film in cards with apertures or windows for 
one or more of them. On standard cards 
this method is adapted to punch cards or 
other sorting and filing systems. Since 
its capacity in items is limited it again 
might have special purposes but not the 
overall storage purpose of a library where 
any document, however long - like a book - 
should be capable of record. Of course 
successive cards may be used. 
The system may be useful for the "print- 
out", the form the requested information 
may be furnished from the computer opera- 
tion - useable in many ways. 
b) Continuous Image Micro-film Card - Special 
Mylar or Acetate film card which permits 
entire area of card to photo-record image 
or indexing - developed especially for 
recording of larger drawings - it will take 
a great number of page size images - in one 
case of court records - 224 pages on one 
5x8 stock card. This material is also 
more durable than cardboard and can be used 
in tabulating machines. The capacity might 
be too small for monographs, but would be 
suitable for journals, 
c) Current development for complete systems 
of storage and retrieval micro-image forms 
are in two basic directions - associated 
with the method of indexing; 
(1) An image with associated indexing in- 
formation for machine searching. 
(2) An image at a specific address without 
any indexing information associated 
with the image. 
The image may be stored on one of the 
types of available film or on video tape 
(adequate system not yet developed). 
Two of the micro-film unit record systems 
begin to approach the problem of large 
scale storage capacity, 
d) Minicard System - In this system the original 
35 m/m micro-film is photographed onto 
second film - at a further reduction of the 
image which permits indexing data from 
punched tape input to be recorded with the 56 
WSMM 
i;iE^Sii;i;i 
PAPER TAPE 
TYPEWRITER 
EDITOR 
particular image* The unit record is a 
piece of film 16 x 32 m/m which will hold 
up to 12 standard pages or 6 pages with 
210 code characters on the same chip. The 
chips are obtained by chopping up the 
recording film with a film cutter that cuts 
and stores in magazines at the rate of 2000 
chips in four minutes. 
File searching is done at a rate of 1200 
chips a minute - the question statement 
supplied on punched tape. From the 
required chip a third generation negative 
is obtained which may be viewed, copied, 
or used to produce a full size print by 
standard available machines. 
The system has been in operation for 
special government purposes since 1958 but 
has limited application because of extremely 
high cost. While it has the capacity for 
a large number of individual documents, it 
is understood that translated into equivalent 
of volumes it is only about 1500 - still 
no where near enough, 
e) Walnut - Code name for complex, mechanized 
micro-image storage and retrieval system. 
Following further reduction and recording 
on second generation film from the micro- 
film original - without coded information 
but with address in system. Recording 
film is cut into strips of 99 images, 
stored in plastic cells of 50 strips each. 
The cells are arranged in a tub or bin 
from which a mechanical device can select 
any film strip. (Photo Diagram IV-B-14, 
Page 31) . 
The input can be by punched tape and the 
random access selection equipment can 
locate desired image in less than 5 seconds 
and produce aperture card records at a 
rate of 500 cards per hour. Operation 
illustrated by Diagram XIA and XIB, adjacent. 
Several of these systems have been in opera- 
tion. 
DOCUMENT 
INPUT 
DOCUMENT 
REQUEST 
FORM 
PRINTER 
PAPER TAPE 
TYPEWRITER 
LOAD DOCUMENT 
MACHINE ADDRESS 
REQUESTOR) 
SELECTED INDEX 
ENTRIES MARKED 
MICROFILM 
CAMERA 
DOCUMENT 
ORDER CARD 
ORDER CARD 
FILE 
INPUT 
CONVERTER 
STORAGE 
SELECTED 
ORDER CARD 
PRINTED, PUNCHED 
UNEXPOSED 
DOCUMENT CARD 
KEYPUNCH 
CARD READER 
a 
CARD PUNCH 
INPUT 
CONTROL 
CARD 
OOCUMCNT 
FttE 
r TO 
ADDRESSEE 
FILM 
CELL 
COMPLETE DOCUMENT CARD 
S-A 
"WALNUT” READ STATION 
FROM HOPPER 
OBJECTIVE LENS 
EXPOSING STATION 
STRIP HANDLING 
MECHANISM 
33 POSITIONS 
3 POSITIONS 
HEAT DEVELOPING 
STATION 
50 
POSITIONS 
STACKER 
ULTRAVIOLET SOURCE 
AND CONDENSER SYSTEM 
3 POSITIONS 
40 POSITIONS 
IMAGE FILE, SHOWING BIN, CELL, ACCESS MECHANISM, ULTRAVIOLET 
OPTICAL SYSTEM AND PHOTOAPERTURE CARD 
IMAGE file; overall perspective showing cutaway to 
IMAGE STORAGE BIN 
POST EXPOSE LAMPHOUSE 
WITH CONDENSER LENS 
(U.V. SOURCE) 
OBJECTIVE LENS 
STRIP-HANDLING MECHANISM 
FRAME POSITION-33 POSITIONS 
(PLUS DEV. & P E. STATIONS) 
OPTICAL SHIFT-3 POSITIONS 
33 ROWS OF IMAGES 
POST EXPOSE STATION 
HEAT DEV STATION 
EXPOSE STATION 
STRIP SELECTION - 50 POSITIONS 
50 STRIPS 
EXPOSE LAMPHOUSE 
WITH CONDENSER LENS 
U.V. SOURCE 
MICROFILM TRANSPORT 
IMAGE CONVERTER: TOP DECK SHOWING MICROFILM DRIVE MECHANISM, STRIP 
SELECTION AND PICKUP MECHANISM. OPTICAL SYSTEM, AND FILM STRIP 
IMAGE FILE CELL, SHOWING FfLM STRIP AND IMAGE CONFIGURATION 
2-B 
"WALNUT" MICROIMAGE STORAGE 8 RETRIEVAL SYSTEM 58 
The principle of separating the coded in- 
formation, or specific address system, from 
the image would seem more suitable for 
this library application than the image 
with associated indexing system. 
The capacity of one machine is the equivalent 
of only 3,000 volumes yet taking up a 
relatively large amount of space. It is 
believed, with a specification for a system 
designed for library purpose a more efficient 
way with greater capacity could be devised. 
Any system, however, has,fentailedMspace 
requi rement s• 
f) Conclusions: 
(1) With the success of the bibliographic 
and cataloging service in the Medlars 
program made possible by the computer 
and the already high state of the 
developments in micro-recording the 
pressure is already on the NLM for 
comparable services in Graphic Image 
Storage and Retrieval - the facility 
to produce quickly a facsimile of an 
original document from an automated 
storage system with computerized access 
and automated copying onto a useable 
form, 
(2) Purposeful equipment has been developed 
and applied successfully in such fields 
as science, business and military. 
Granted adequate support, with equal 
specification demands from the library 
field, the needed system can be 
developed and become operational with 
due economy and efficiency of operation 
for the task performed, 
(3) The result will be a great expansion 
of the service a library can render - 
particularly the Medical Library - not 
only in the areas of access to informa- 
tion and its selection but more 
particularly to its communication and 
distribution on a nation wide basis. 
(4) With an adequate storage & retrieval 
system - as is currently done with tapes, 
files of selected graphic images can 
be distributed to regional libraries 
for local automated reproduction - 
overcoming the limitations of central- 
ization in one place - dependence on 
wire transmission (for speed) etc. 
thus making medical information more 
quickly and readily available locally - 
all one of the principle aims and 
purposes of the new NLM. 
(5) Money has already been appropriated in 
the library budget to begin a systems 
development towards the early accomplish- 
ment of this aim. 
(6) As the new complete system becomes 
operational - and if it is to serve its 
high purpose - many people must be 
trained to make effective use of the 
new library systems and equipment 
(there are almost none available today) - 
in order to assist the librarians in the 
many centers that will become part of 
the chain making use of the new resources - 
many more must learn how to make 
effective use of the new facilities. 
All this, too, is part of the immediate 
program for the new NLM, 
3. Eating Facilities 
a. Size - With a 1972 population of the new NLM of 
possibly 1000 p., plus 600 transients and nearby 
users, it is estimated provisions to feed 1040 p, 
(i.e. 65%) within the building will be desired. 
The figure of 600 includes the N,I,H. personnel- 
working in the southeast loop of the campus and 
those 125 or so that will be working in the new 
Virus Laboratory across the street. It does not 
include those that might be using the proposed 
International Conference Building #45 - which 
would fluctuate greatly in numbers when various 
meetings take place - a possible peak load of 
385 p. 59 
£Xl6Tlhl<$> CAf&TASZlA (jfwuumdAJ a<s>of rz& n&i: 
b. Kitchen - A cafeteria of this size would justify 
a kitchen to provide a much wider selection of 
food, particularly the addition of hot dishes. 
c. Type - Assuming there will be time for three 
sittings, this would give a 450 seat dining 
facility which would be served by two lines of 
225 each to the self service counter. At 15 sq.ft, 
per person this would give 6,750 sq.ft, plus an 
equal amount of space for the kitchen - a total 
of 13,500 sq.ft, net. 
d. Location - There is, obviously, no way to increase 
the existing lunch room of 2,570 sq.ft, to 
13,500 sq.ft, in its present location without 
serious disruption of adjacent library services. 
More important would be the difficulty of install- 
ing suitable ventilation and proper service 
connections to the enlarged kitchen. The ceiling 
heights are also comparatively low. 
The question then arises whether the enlarged 
lunch room should be part of the new NLM facility 
or should nearby facilities be used, and, if 
need be - enlarged. 
Reference to Site Plan of the N.I.H, r Plan "A", 
Page 7 - indicates the location of existing 
facilities - with a radius drawn from the NLM to 
show the practical distance for normal, lunch 
hour use. This would indicate there is no other 
lunch room conveniently located for a large NLM 
group in the noon hour - much less ones prepared 
to take such a heavy increase. 
The same circle shows building within easy 
distance of NLM whose employees would want to use 
a new NLM facility. 
For service and taking away refuse it would seem 
best located near a service entrance. At the 
same time with a possible third of the users 
coming from adjacent buildings it should have a 
convenient access from the outside, so people, 
not part of the Library staff, are not going 
through the building. 
Diagram XII,Adjacent shows the basic space require- 
ment of the new Cafeteria. 
\AO 
AR£A (lUCU)mtO<S> *>MA 'LJArO Sfl.FT 
|372 caf&taria 
B?fUUATl0fd Nlm \OOOx - (*oo, TOTAU 1600^ 
SBfcv/i M<5> LliJ&S 
A KB A K.rnsHftM*) 
13,500 sa. FT 
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4££v/jc£ 
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KlTEHgM 
XII 
SPACE REQUIREMENT NEW CAFETERIA 60 
4, Parking Facilities Plan F-l,Page 61 
a. At the rate of 6/car/employee (going up to 7) 
given by the N.I.H. for the anticipated number 
of employees - 600 parking spaces will be 
required for employees with the expanded program. 
With approximately 200 in the existing parking 
space - 400 additional will be required, 
b. The N.I.H. space to the north will no longer be 
available - in fact, the open land areas of the 
N.I.H. are already so crowded that they are 
going to multi-level parking now. 
c. Preserving the "Green Strip" in front - surface 
parking for 400 cars with no new structure - 
would virtually cover the available area to the 
south of the NLM by itself. 
d. For the new structure three basic schemes are 
being analyzed in the respective section of the 
report. For the purposes of this parking analysis 
they may be summarized as follows : 
1) Scheme "A" ("High") - jBase structures at 
levels "A" & "B" of approximately 60,000 sq.ft, 
ground area - linking the old and the new with 
a super structure of 15 stories -• containing 
the office space in relatively small or "tower" 
floor areas. 
2) Scheme "B" ("Medium") - The same base struc- 
tures as above but with a ten story building 
above the base of relatively large floor 
areas of office type space. 
3) Scheme "C" ("Low") - A one story structure 
above grade of wide coverage approximately 
the same height as the NLM, making up all the 
additional space requirements below the first 
floor on levels "A" & "B". 
e. Parking Scheme "AB" Plan F -2,Page 62 
Under the conditions of Schemes A & B approximately 
60,000 sq.ft, of ground area would be covered by 
the base section of the building. To accommodate 
400 cars on the space left there would be three 
principal alternatives: 
1) Alternate #1 (See plan F-2, page 62) 
a) At grade outside, or roofs of new 
parking structures south of new 
building 
b) Inside multi-tier parking structure 
c) On "C" level of new building 
2) Alternate #2 
a) At grade south of new building 
b) Multi-tier parking under existing 
parking space - retaining present 
parking on roof 
3) Alternate #3 
a) At grade south of new building 
b) Off-site 
f. Discussion: 
1) Even if parking garage space or space under 
building costs up to ten times as much per car 
as parking on grade - N.I.H. is already faced 
with multi-tier parking. To provide "on site" 
parking for the new NLM will also require multi- 
level parking facilities, 
2) Multi-tier parking under the existing parking 
space on two or three levels plus ramps would: 
a) deny use of this facility during con- 
struction, 
b) even if at present stack levels it would 
pre-determine type of stack space for the 
future which might have quite different 
requirements 20 years from now, 
c) excavation of rock would cost as much as 
other alternates, 
3) Under the circumstances, and until detailed 
planning of the project is authorized, it is 
assumed for this study 120 cars will be at "C" 
level under the building, 150 under cover in 
multi parking to the south and 130 in the open 
on the roofs off the multiple tier parking. 61 
N C t VIRUS I AjBORATORY 
ADM-fN15*RAT;fON :BUfj L0.ING 
EXISTING PARKING 
196 CARS 
2 00 CARS 
20 0 C A\RS 
national library 
OP. M E fc E C TN £:: 
TOTAL PARKING REQUIRED 
600 CARS 
VISITORS 
36 CARS 
EXISTING 
1 96 CARS 
ADDITIONAL PARKING REQUIRED 
400 CARS 
PARKING PROBLEM IF ON GRADE F“l 62 
130 CARS 
OUTDOORS 
150 CARS 
1 NDOORS 
2 4.0 CARS 
INDOORS 
UNDER EXIST. PARKING 
120 CARS 
ON "C” LEVEL 
160 CARS 
OUTDOORS 
:.a;:n^:^x:: 
mmm 
H t|M 
ALTERNATE I 
ALTERNATE II 
ALTERNATE I 
AT GRADE OUTSIDE OR ROOFS OF NEW 
STRUCTURES SOUTH OF ANNEX 
INSIDE MULTI-TIER PARKING STRUCTURE 
ON C LEVEL OF ANNEX 
ALTERNATE II 
AT GRADE SOUTH OF ANNEX 
MULTI-TIER PARKING UNDER EXISTING 
PARKING AREA. 
ALTERNATE III 
AT GRADE SOUTH OF ANNEX 
OFF-SITE PARKING 
240 CARS 
OFF SITE 
1 3 0 cars 
1 50 
120 
400 
160 
240 
400 
160 
240 
400 
160 CARS 
OUTDOORS 
. A.N.N£* 
N IM 
ALTERNATE IE 
PARKING SCHEME A B ALTERNATE SOLUTIONS F“ 2 63 
VLRU$ . LAB. 
ADM :m\LCMNG 
EXISTING PARKING 
196 cars 
: B L EVE 
« 140 ca rs } 
;C LEVEL 
2 60 cars 
iiii 
NEW PARKING INDOORS 
400 cars 
CO 
O - 
I— O 
_ u 
CO 
— CO 
> 
PARKING ON C LEVEL 
PARKING ON B & C LEVELS 
0 20 40 60 80 100120 140 
PARKING SCHEME C F-3 64 
There are many variations and possibilities 
but this will make an average allowance for 
such conditions for present budget purposes. 
g. Parking Scheme ”CM Plan F-3 
Page 63 
For the one story scheme it is assumed the entire 
"C" level would be car parking and approximately 
one-half of ”BM level - leaving some visitors 
cars to be parked out doors, 
m. CONCLUSIONS 
A. Program 
1. Conclusions related to existing NLM 
From the preceding survey of existing conditions, 
the record of new library activities undertaken 
since the library was completed, and various mandatory 
programs for the future, the following conclusions 
as to space requirements for the over-all 1972 NLM 
facility have been drawn; 
a. Stacks. The original building was designed to 
allow for a twenty-year stack expansion within 
the building;- or until 1983. Even if the 
encroaching new activities are removed to the 
new facility and 25% of the collection housed in 
"compact" storage - the indications are the 
stacks will be full by 1978 - five years sooner. 
To a slight degree this will be due to additional 
new types of material stored - film, tapes, etc, 
but chiefly to the accelerated growth of the 
collection and to the broadened scope of material 
that is to be included in the collection as a 
medical library. The stack expansion required 
in new structure is estimated at 20,000 sq.ft. 
All new book stack area would be air conditioned 
throughout to prevent mildew and have proper 
humidity control to prevent drying out of bindings 
in winter or excess dampness in summer. 
The library has the continuing obligation to be 
the repository for printed material. It is also 
true that medical knowledge will increasingly 
become available on the new forms of films, tapes, 
etc. and that increasing amounts of the old will 
be converted to the new media for preservation, 
automation, or as copies of otherwise unavailable 
material. The type of case in which the new 
material is to be stored is adaptable to the 
basic bay system of the NLM which is also de- 
signed as open floor space with free standing 
stacks so that book cases themselves do not 
necessarily have to be installed. 
However, the new materials have difficult, some- 
times more exacting requirements, for humidity 
control and would seem to be more of a fire 
hazard - at least as presently manufactured - 
than closely packed books. 
Therefore, in the design of the new structure the 
design of the ventilation system in stack area 
should be capable of augmentation to provide fully 
controlled air conditioning to meet the specific 
requirement of the special areas, perhaps by a 
zoning system. In all probability these particular 
areas would be partitioned off from standard stack 
areas for reasons of fire safety control. 
Extinguishing and alarm systems are additional 
requirements to be anticipated - any alarm system 
to include a warning system to pasonnel to leave 
an area before any suffocating C02 or other gas 
system goes into effect. All this would require 
specialized study at the time such special stack 
areas are to be set up - that the specific con- 
ditions may be effectively met. 
Catalog. Even with the expanded collection the 
present system of card-cases would seem adequate 
for the next twenty years for traditional library 
purposes. While it is anticipated the catalog 
will eventually be transcribed to some machine 
readable form for use of the computers - a complete 
system will certainly be done in cooperation with, 
if not part of, the national system of the Library 
of Congress, The National Agricultural Library & 
even an international system. Even if the equip- 
ment were ready today a long period of time 
will be required to develop and install a fully 
operational automated catalog. 65 
As it is, the NLM is currently automating the 
cataloging of certain new material for its own 
use. 
In any case, the conventional card catalog is 
here for some time yet and may anticipate con- 
tinued usage, if limited, - after the changeover 
to machines. As noted the TSD will also continue 
to use certain special catalogs in conventional 
form. 
Nothing prevents locating conduit facilities in 
the existing catalog room so that machines giving 
access to sections of the automated catalog may 
be plugged as the system is developed, for the 
convenience of those using the card catalog as 
it is. 
The new type of catalog, of course, stored on 
tapes or disks, accessible only through consoles 
anywhere on the end of a wire ("on line") or 
space saving "book type1' listing (which, again, 
can be distributed departmentally and elsewhere, 
as most useful) - could be located anywhere in 
the complex - in principle - rather than only in 
a location accessible to the public as with the 
present manual access catalog, 
c. Reading Room. The size of the reading room seems 
adequate for some time to come - subject to 
improvement in service to meet new conditions and 
equipment to be used therein. 
d. Studies. The demand for studies conveniently 
located for stack access has increased since the 
opening of the NLM. With the new programs of the 
NLM a much larger number of visiting scholars is 
not only anticipated but is to be encouraged. 
The additional studies required will be dis- 
tributed within the existing stack. As further 
studies are required they could be located in 
the stack areas in the new building. 
e. Administration, To remain in present location 
and within present area through some condensing 
of assigned office spaces. 
f. Extramural Program. As a new department not 
included in the original library concept and 
located in Blackwell Building, it would move to 
the new structure except for the office of the 
director who would retain his proximity to the 
administration, 
g. Publications & Information, To remain in NLM 
building. 
h. Administrative Services. Expansion required by 
increase of administrative tasks but should 
remain in present location with additional space 
provided on the Mezzanine, keeping receiving and 
mail at the service entrance on "A" level. The 
new structure will require its own service 
entrance and additional mail for departments In 
the building can be received there. For the 
same reason each building will have its own 
supply room. As a new item .’’Printing & 
Duplicating” would go in the new building, 
i. Bibliographic Services, With the computer their 
task has greatly expanded. It is proposed to 
keep the section devoted to ’’Search” on the main 
floor of the existing building with additional 
space gained by relocating the Computer and 
locating the section devoted to Indexing in the 
new facility, 
j. Technical Services - essential to operation of 
traditional library - remain in NLM with added 
space for expansion. 
k. History of Medicine. As part of original library 
it is to remain. Added - assigned stack and 
offices on ”B” level - practical because of 
elevator and stair access. 
l. Reference Services. Essential part of library - 
to remain. On the main floor expansion can 
substantially take place within presently assigned 
area by condensing the space allotment per person. 
Space for major expansion of the services on ”A” 
including relocation of micro-record and binding - 
will be found by the relocation of other depart- 
mental areas not quite as essential to basic 
library services, as noted on diagram. 66 
m. Information Services. As part of the computer 
activity Data Processing & Systems Analysts go 
to new structure with the computer. 
n. Audio-Visual Receiver Station. New building. 
o. Cafeteria. To new building - no room for expan- 
sion in NLM and will be more centrally located 
in the future complex. 
p. Research & Development. New building. 
q. Toxicology. New building. 
2• Conclusions and Recommendations for Program 
The conclusions and recommendations resulting from 
the above considerations have been depicted in the 
plains for the rehabilitated NLM - series "G", pages 67-71 
and tabulated in the Program of Space Requirements 
as of 1972 in Schedule #2 on pages 72-73, indicat- 
ing a total of 229,882, say 230,000 sq.ft, gross area 
of new construction. It does not include parking 
garage construction or "C" level parking, which 
will be required if all NLM parking is to be on the 
site (being sure to preserve the "green strip” - 
across all the N.I.H, site as seen from Wisconsin 
Avenue)• 
For budget purposes, this program should be augmented 
by the following items for the existing NLM building: 
a. Rehabilitation, Repairs & Improvements - In re- 
organizing the existing NLM Building as a 
traditional medical library, the changes in the 
plans indicate the areas where alteration to the 
existing building will be required. The altera- 
tion, collectively will be the major part of the 
rehabilitation budget. In addition there are 
certain Repairs & Improvements called for which 
are to be included in the budget for 1972: 
1) A.V. carrels (8), Modernize 3 studies for A.V. 
information access, 
2) Allowance for installation of "compact" 
storage on "C" level. 
3) Microfilm vault on "A" level. 
3. Expansion Beyond 1987 
The foregoing program is in anticipation of space 
requirements projected to 1987. The question then 
arises as to provision for the future on this site. 
As with the accumulation of knowledge it is 
characteristic of libraries that they continue to 
expand. The storage problem may well take new form 
for new materials but it will still require space. 
With the expanding population making increased 
demands and new services expected of librarians, 
the personnel will also increase. 
a. Stack (or storage) space. As noted in the report, 
space for stack expansion has been reserved under 
the present parking space to the west. It would 
permit through connection at each existing stack 
level and of the same size as the maximum exist- 
ing stack - say "C" level. With the probability 
of increasing use of micro-recording it should 
be enough for a lot more through the succeeding 
20 years, 
b. Personnel space. Immediately north of the present 
parking space there is one open area of land 
remaining. Too small for this project, it would 
be large enough for a high rise building as 
indicated on Photo Diagram IV-D-36 on page 33 
At this time a utility tunnel runs between this 
site and the parking space - but its relocation 
would be Justified if it meant connection or 
continuity of space with that which might be 
built under the parking space as noted before. 
A direct passage connection to "A" level is 
practical in the N.W, corner of the NLM without 
relocating the tunnel. 
It is believed that such a multi-story structure 
as indicated could be composed! as part of the 
overall complex in a way that would preserve 
what would by such time be the "traditional" 
identity of the original NLM building. 
B. Functions & Activities of the New Structure-Plan Series "H" 
Pages 81-83 
With the existing NLM Building rehabilitated as a 
traditional library centered on the catalog, stacks & 
Reading Room, the new structure would be developed for 67 
1972 FLOOR PLAN MEZZANINE G”l 68 
1972 FLOOR PLAN FLOOR G-2 69 
1972 FLOOR PLAN A LEVEL G"3 70 
1972 FLOOR PLAN B LEVEL G-4 71 
1/4 OF 1987 COLLECTION STANDARD SHELVING 
1/4 OF 1987 COLLECTION COMPACT SHELVING 
1972 FLOOR PLAN C LEVEL G-5 72 
1 967 H 
- 
972 
FLOOR 
STAFF 
EXISTING BUILDING 
NSW BUILDING 
SPACE 
EXIST 
AREA - S.F. 
SUB-TOTALS 
POSITIONS 
LIN. FT. OF 
SCHEME 
BLDG.. 
S.F. 
1967 
1972 
SHELVING 
ADD. 
UNIT 
FL. 
SF 
SUB 
-TOTALS 
A 
L 
D 
!YELC 
C 
SF 
SUB-TOTALS 
REMARKS • 
(24,500 LF) 
STACKS 
A | 
' 15,000 
21,370 
1.63 LF/SF 
A 
13,100 
4,800# 
* 7,800 L.F. STACK SHELVING 
(61,000 LF) 
B 
37,500 
58,580 
].63 LE/SF 
B 
35,940 
D 
B 
B 
15,200* 
(30,500 LF) 
*(24,750) 
32,450 L.F. IN NEW BLDG. 
C 
18,000 
60,750 
1.63 LF/SF 
C 
37,300 
•ASSUMING 49,500 LF (25l6 OF 1587 
COLLECTION) OF COMPACT STG. WILL 
(115,500 LF) 
-s 
J 
140.600 
86,340 
v 70,500 
*(165,350) 
20,000 
OCCUPY EQUIVALENT OF 24,750 IE STD 
CATALOG 
4,720 
STACK - C LEVEL STACK CAP. WILL 
1 
1 
4,72^ 
BE 85,500 LF. 
READING ROOM 
I 
12,200 
120 CARRELS 
1 
11,900 
STUDIES 
1 
A 
B 
(3) 300 
(2) 440 
(5) 860 
1 
A 
B 
(3) 300 
(2) 44o 
(22) 2,730 
C 
(3) 550 
(13) 2,150 
C 
(6) 880 
(33) 
OFF. OF THE DIRECTOR 
M 
5,160 
24 
22 
FILES 
CONFERENCE RM. 
RECEPTION 
150 SF/PERS. 
M 
M 
M 
M 
3,300 
315 
385 
600 
..... 
4-,<>00 
IN rRAMURAL PROGRAM 
% 
:<ss;i 
M 
A 
1,840 
1,030 
8 
9 
14 
20 
120 SF/PERS. 
120 SF/PERS. 
M 
A 
(4) 560 
(10) 1,200 
A 
A 
A 
"N 
2,400 
DR US LITERATURE 
A 
1,420 
4,290 
13 
36 
120 SF/PERS. 
9 
6 
1 
4,320 
1,760 
6,720 
PUBLICATIONS St 
INFORMATION 
M 
1,840 
9 
15 
120 SF/PERS. 
M 
1,840 
GRAPHICS 
A 
510 
2 
3 
A 
510 
(2,760 IF) 
STACKS 
C 
1,510 
3,860 
2,760 
I.63 LF/SF 
B 
B 
B 
1,510 
2,350 
ADMINISTRATIVE 
SERVICES 
M 
3,120 
19 
40 
120 SF/PERS. 
M 
4,485 
A 
A 
B 
315 
RECEIVING AND MAIL 
A 
2,070 
6 
12 
A 
2,070 
A 
A 
B 
1,000 
SUPPLY 
C 
4,4?0 
7 
18 
B 
B 
B 
4,500 
PRINTING 
9,660 
B 
B 
B 
3,000 
AND DUPLICATING 
6,555 
8,815 
BIBLIOGRAPHIC SERVICE 
SEARCH 
3,415 
21 
50 
120 SF/PERS. 
1 
5,100 
nf sU 
. >0 
to 
CLASS RM. 
CONSOLES 
1 @ 400 SF 
15 @ 12 SF 
400 
180 
V* 
TUB FILE 
120 SF/PERS. 
170 
6,750 
INDEXERS 
A 
4,830 
33 
75 
A 
900 
A 
A 
A 
9,000 
400 
0 0 4 S. > d"£ 
$0 
CLASS RM. 
1 @ 400 
* , 
A 
A 
A 
n£.otAf»« 
2 
CONSOLES 
65 @ 12 SF 
A 
A 
A 
780 
— 
8,245 
500 
I.63 IF/SF 
A 
A 
A 
820 
11,000 
CH 'tip aoAt <wp 
- 
1 /o 
TECHNICAL SERVICES 
1 
7,060 
63 
100 
s 
120 SF/PERS. 
1 
12,000 
CUy^*-i 
(6,800 LF) 
'Vat cat, 
B 
4,340 
11,400 
6,600 
I.63 LF/SF 
B 
4,630 
16,630 
TcD 
HISTORY OF MEDICINE 
READING RM. 
1 
6,430 
15 
15 
5,310 
120 SF/PERS. 
1 
6,430 
A 
840 
4,080 
880 
7 
7 
ART STACKS 
A 
A 
A 
840 
4,080 
880 
B 
(3,180 LF) 
4,800 
120 SF/PERS. 
B 
3,480 
2,440 
13 
B 
1,560 
14,670 
17.270 
72 
SCHEDULE 2 I 
’LOOR 
STAFF 
EXISTING BUILDING 
NEW BUILDING 
SPACE 
1XIST 
AREA - S.F. 
SUB-TOTALS 
POSITIONS 
LIN. FT. OF 
SCHEME 
I 
3LDG. 
S.F. 
1967 1 
L972 
STACK SHELVING 
ADD. 
UNIT 
FL. 
SF 
SUB-TOTALS 
A 
L 
D 
EYE I* 
c 
SF 
SUB-TOTALS 
REMARKS 
REFERENCE SERVICES 
i/J 
1,440 
WORK AREA 
1 
2,575 
9 
12 
120 SF/PERS. 
1 
OFF. OF CHIEF 
1 
645 
5 
7 
s 
i 
645 
READER SERVICE 
I 
560 
4 
6 
t 
flh8 
STACK SERVICE 
A 
1,200 
22 
27 
A 
1,200 
' 
INTER-LIB. LOAN 
**,750 
28 
3 > 
& PHOTO DUPLICATION 
A 
19 
rwVArMH-nc. 
Lf6 
7 / 
CAMERAS 
PROCESSORS 
15 @ 100 SF 
2 @ 500 SF 
A 
A 
1,500 
1,000 
DUPLICATORS 
XEROX COPYFLOS 
COTTERS 
READER PRINTERS 
CONVERTERS 
LAB A DARK RM. 
OFFICES 
ASSEMBLY AREA 
QUALITY CONTROL 
CO ID STORAGE 
2 @ 150 SF 
2 @ 200 SF 
2 @ 50 SF 
5 @ 200 SF 
3 @ 167 SF 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
A 
300 
400 
100 
1,000 
500 
1,500 
1,000 
800 
400 
200 
DRY STORAGE 
120 SF/PERS. 
A 
100 
BINDING 
C 
1,080 
9 
10 
L 
A 
1,200 
1,220 
920 
120 SF/PERS. 
3 @ 100 SF 
100 CAB.@11.2SF 
A 
1,500 
MICRORECORDS 
C 
700 
7 
13 
10 
READER PRINTERS 
FILM VAULT 
VAULT MECH. RM. 
A 
A 
A 
A 
1,560 
300 
1,120 
150 
1?,730 
19,075 
INFORMATION SERVICES 
Hill VMK«| 
120 SF/PERS. 
DATA PROCESSING 
1 
2,775 
31 
20 
A 
A 
A 
2,400 
COMPUTER 
1 
2,860 
120 SF/PERS. 
A 
A 
A 
4,200 
SYSTEMS ANALYSTS 
C 
4,700 
27 
60 
2,3 
1,2 
A 
7,200 
10,335 
13,800 
UNOCCUPIED 
c 
1,310 
OFF. OF SURGEON GEN. 
1 
600 
AUDIO-VISUAL 
(3) 100 
RECEIVING STATIONS 
1 
* 
120 SF/PERS. 
1 
100 
2 
TAPE VAULT 
AUDIO TRANSMISSKJ 
VISUAL 
TRANSMISSION 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
240 
500 
200 
300 
1,240 
CAFETERIA 
A 
(1U0 SEATS) 
2,740 
450 SEATS 
15 SF/PERS. 
A 
A 
A 
6,750 
KITCHEN 
15 SF/PERS. 
A 
• A 
A 
6,750 
lRf SOO 
EXTRAMURAL PROGRAM 
BLACK 
6,435 
38 
100 
120 SF/PERS. 
1-4,15 
9,10 
1 
12,000 
WELL 
BLDG. 
(3,180 LFl 
1.63 LF/SF 
2 ® 750 
STACKS 
B 
2,200 
8,635 
3,180 
CONFERENCE RMS. 
B 
1 
B 
1 
B 
1 
2,200 
1,500 
15,700 
RESEARCH & 
3-8 
2-6 
DEVELOPMENT 
125 
OFFICE-LABS 
VISITING 
SCIENTISTS 
OFFICE-LABS 
A-V STG.&DISTRIB 
RECORDING STUDIO 
GRAPHIC IMAGE RAD 
125 @ 200 SF 
25 ® 150 SF 
1,A 
25,000 
3,750 
3.000 
600 
3.000 
CONFERENCE RMS. 
2 @ 750 SF 
1 
1 
1 
1,500 
36.850 
27.900 
TOXICOLOGY 
200 
VISITING 
SCIENTISTS 
CONFERENCE RMS. 
120 SF/PERS. 
20 @ 120 SF 
2 @ 750 
3-13 
1 
7-9 
1 
1 
1 
24,000 
2,400 
1,500 
TOTALS (NET SPACE) 
183,305 
182,400 
TOTAL (NET SPACE) 
SUPPORT SPACE 
GROSS SPACE 
157,035 
72,765 
229,^00 
73 74 
new information services built around the computer and 
the expansion of activities related to or dependent 
upon it, as well as research & training in its use in 
medical information programs and procedures made possible 
by it. The Extramural Program would be a main 
activity of the new structure. 
1• Types of Space 
Several types of space would be included in the new 
structure: 
a. Stack or storage space. Extension of existing 
stack level - open floors to accommodate free 
standing book stacks or other types of storage 
system and capable of taking heavy loads. 
It would be capable of being readily partitioned 
off as required for fire safety or any special 
humidity requirements of future materials stored. 
The ventilation system which will be capable of 
various degrees of air conditioning as required 
for special conditions will provide supply and 
exhaust mains to each bay to prevent mildew of 
books and have humidity control to prevent over 
dryness of the bindings in winter or dampness in 
summer. 
The lighting layout should have more flexibility 
of layout than the old because of the different 
types of storage racks or files that may be in- 
cluded besides book stacks. 
Designed as open floors - if not utilized for 
storage it can always be partitioned off for 
special purposes as at present. 
b. Computer space. 
1) Computer space normally has an auxiliary floor 
of removable panels - two feet by two feet on 
the average - raised above the structural 
floor slab to give an accessible space for 
special wiring, changes, repairs, etc. In 
the case of the new building the structural 
slab would probably be depressed - approximately 
a foot - so the raised or auxiliary floor may 
be flush with the building floor levels. 
2) Factors to be considered in the design of 
computer floors includes 
a) Concealment of connecting cables between 
various component units of the system 
(less hazard to employees tripping over 
cable, less possibility of cables being 
disturbed affecting systems operation.) 
b) Distribution of the heavy computer loads 
(generally on four contact points) over a 
greater area of floor slab. 
c) Electrical power distribution system above 
the floor slab, which can be easily altered 
as computer system is replaced and/or 
enlarged. 
d) The height i.e.: floor to obstruction above 
computer units (computer units vary in 
height and require circulation of air above 
to dissipate their heat gain load when in 
operation.) 
e) Advisable to continue computer floors un- 
interrupted under related offices, tape 
storage areas, maintenance areas etc. 
Metal partitions are recommended for these 
sub-divisions as they can be attached to 
the floor system and be easily relocated. 
f) Double glazing should be provided over 
exterior glass to eliminate condensation 
in the winter time. (Would prefer inside 
space)• 
g) Electric power conduits and receptacles 
must be kept clear of the computer cables. 
(Where cables and conduits cross may affect 
the required height of the raised floor.) 
h) Population and light load - recommend the 
intensity of light be high in,this area, 
60 f.c. minimum. The light load may greatly 
affect the air conditioning. It should 
also be capable of reduction over equipment 
with illuminated dials of screens that 
would be difficult to read in a bright 
light. 75 
i) Special Electrical Considerations, 
(1) Provide spare capacity in feeders, and 
panels (25%)• 
(2) Provide security so that only authorized 
personnel have access to system oper- 
ating computers. 
(3) Divorce computers from other circuits 
provide separate panels, 
(4) Provide humidity and temperature 
recording charts at visible points of 
the floor. 
(5) Provide cut off switches readily 
accessible to cut power to computer 
system in case of malfunction of com- 
puter or fire. 
(6) Provide fire warning system (preferably 
a heat and smoke type alarm) under as 
well as above the raised computer floor 
system, 
j) If system warrants protection for continuous 
uninterrupted operation check: 
(1) Dual services of power enters building 
so cross connected so that if one fails 
the switch over is automatic. (Caution 
be sure dual set of feeders is not 
from the same transformer vault or•sub- 
station as on outage here would put 
both feeds out of commission). 
(2) Voltage dip, of minimum duration, in 
utility service which will tend to 
cause a malfunction in the computer 
operation can be protected by use of 
motor generator installation. 
(3) The electric lighting and air condition- 
ing should also be connected to this 
system, 
k) Air Conditioning Considerations, 
(1) Design so that relative humidity does 
not fall below 40% during the heating 
season in computer areas, tape and card 
storage areas. 
(2) Cooling to handle light and population 
load as well as computer heat gain. 
(Provide spare capacity of 25% for 
possible growth), 
(a) If system warrants protection for 
continuous uninterrupted operation 
it may be advisable to install an 
auxiliary system as a stand by. 
(b) High efficiency and high capacity 
filter banks are necessary in 
order to keep computers dust free. 
(3) No access panels to ceiling above com- 
puter units as men climbing over units 
or dust dropping from ceiling can cause 
a malfunction in the computer. 
(4) No pipes containing water or other 
fluids in the ceiling which, if broken, 
could damage the expensive and sometimes 
irreplaceable computer units. 
c) "Technical Space". It is recognized that a 
certain amount of the spaces - particularly 
for research and development - will be in the 
nature of laboratory space_ for testing equip- 
ment and procedures and establishing- spec- 
ifications for future equipment and installa- 
tions throughout the country. Such space 
should be designed to permit: 
1) installation of air conditioning as the 
equipment may require, not only humidity 
but heat control. 
2) temporary acoustic installation for testing 
of effects in noise reduction. 
3) variable lighting levels - perhaps on 
rheostats so cathode ray tubes, screens, 
instrument dial illumination, or small 
projections may be properly read and 
standards of light levels established as 
part of the information program, 
4) Bus duct, floor access conduits or other 
convenient methods for plug-in conduits 
connecting up different equipment locations 
as well as the computer or its information 
storage system. 76 
d,. Office Type Space. Most of the remaining 
functions going into the new structure require 
office type space - preferably with outside 
windows - in contrast to the old building that 
was two-thirds stack space below grade. While 
most of "A" level and part of "B" can have 
windows due to slope of ground, a structure 
that could have windows all around would be 
above grade. Subject to changing conditions 
and reassignments of space, a type of space 
designed for partition changes, as in office 
buildings, would be advisable. The suspended 
ceiling-partition system should be designed 
to prevent sound transmission over the tops 
of the partitions through the ceiling space. 
Such office type space is scheduled to be air- 
conditioned. 
2• Physical Relation of New Structure to Old 
Assuming the new proj'ect as taking place to the south 
of the NLM as the only space large enough - the first 
essential would be for "A" level to carry through 
as the main connecting "link" or backbone of the 
combined structures. It happens that the so-called 
"pipe-space" for the NLM is below "A" floor ("B" 
level ceiling space) so this, too, would provide 
the connection for utilities, conduits and cables, 
etc. 
The first floor of the NLM is above gr'ade and is 
recalled on the exterior by the "Water Table" or 
moulding at the bottom of the limestone facing of 
the building. See Photo Diagram IV-D-31 Page 33 
From the point of view of appearance it is important 
that the roof of the "link" - however wide - does 
not proj’ect above this line. This is structurally 
feasible - at least for a reasonable distance from 
the NLM. 
3. Linkage - "A" Level 
Taking up some of the "in common" elements of "A" 
Level in detail, considerations would be as follows: 
a. Stacks. The existing stacks on "A" level are not 
only the "most used" but also the most convenient - 
particularly to the large element of photographic 
processes on the same floor. It would be desirable 
therefore, if part of the new stack expansion 
could be a "working" extension of the existing 
stack - that is contiguous without an interrupting 
corridor and in a reasonably large size "block” 
of ranges for practical classifying of the books. 
Inside space would be preferable. The balance 
of stack required would be on ”B" level and 
connected through to the old stack. 
b. Circulation, Through the same area desirable 
for the stack is the necessity of a convenient 
passage or connecting corridor between the two 
structures at "A” level - so arranged that people 
passing through do not cut through departments 
or stack areas causing inconvenience or dis- 
turbance. Such a passage, too, should have a 
sense of direction so the way through may be 
easily found by or described to those unfamiliar 
with the route. The connection at ”B” level 
should also have special consideration, 
c. Service, A necessary part of the successful 
operation of the new complex will be the co- 
ordinated "service" of the two buildings. In- 
coming and out-going mail is already established 
in the NLM and should remain with the Administra- 
tion Services. The photo-servicds also have a 
lot of incoming supplies and are source of out- 
going mail. There is no room for expansion to 
accommodate the requirements of the new building 
which - for convenience should have its own 
service area. Therefore, as a matter of con- 
venience, it would seem advisable for the new 
service area to also be on "A" level extension 
so any interchange of supplies or mail, etc. 
could be hand-trucked across without change of 
levels or use of elevators. 
The particular service for the cafeteria could 
be part of the new service entrance or separate, 
as may serve its operation. 
d. Computer location. The computer is the heart of 
the new structure but will increasingly be used 
to improve services of the old, such as their 
technical operations (automation of selection, 
ordering, and processing of new books) and 
gradually surplanting of the catalog (automation 
of same already under way). A central location 
again would seem advisable, particularly in 
consideration of connecting cables. Since "A" 
floor has the duct or pipe space below it would 
be the best location for convenience in extending 
the conduits to the different "consoles" and 
other connected equipment locations throughout 
the complex. 77 
e. Systems Analysis and particularly Data Processing. 
Would logically be on the same level as the 
computer. It would be air-conditioned space and 
with conduit system to be provided as with so 
called ’’technical space” for this project. 
f. Cafeteria. To the employees a location equally 
accessible from the new and the old building will 
be important. Adjacency or corridor connection 
to service entrance will be necessary. This again 
indicates ”A” level as preferred. ”B” level is 
a good alternate if more important elements 
should be assigned to ”A” level. An outlook over 
a planted green area would be desirable. With 
the probability that other employees of the N.I.H. 
will also be large users of the facility, a floor 
level with direct access to outside will also be 
a factor. 
g. To summarize the above would be the main functions, 
tentatively, on "A” level. Together with the 
balance of the stack and other elements best 
located in the base structure they comprise about 
47% of the new space. A schematic plan to 
accomplish these purposes is shown on Plan Series 
"H”-2, Page 80for ”A” level and Plan ”H”-3 for 
”B” level. 
4. Ground Floor 
a. Public Space. The new building would have its 
own entrance lobby, presumably from the new road 
to the west of the NLM, As with the NLM this 
lobby would also provide exhibition space. 
The program calls for 6 conference rooms of 
approximately 750 sq.ft, or 30 persons each. The 
new project would also have need of an auditorium 
but one was not included in the program because 
of the recent installation of a small one in the 
old building on "A” level. It is not too satis- 
factory because it had to be adapted to a confined 
low ceiling space. It will be inconveniently 
located for the future program. 
It has been suggested, however, that if the 6 
conference rooms could be on the same floor and 
arranged with movable partitions, they might be 
opened up to form one room for larger gatherings 
or meetings. If so this would be conveniently 
located on the entrance level for the benefit of 
the visitors. Such a possibility is diagramatically 
indicated on plan ’’H”-!, page 79. 
5* Space Above Grade 
Vertical relationship, A diagramatic section showing 
the relationship of the different elements discussed 
above is shown in cross-section in Plan H-3, page 81. 
6. Functional Relationships Diagram II, Pages 26,27 
a. Organization. An organizational diagram of the 
new NLM as of 1972 is illustrated in Diagram II-A,Page 26 
showing the connection between the various departments. 
b. Interrelationships. The overall inter-relationships 
of the new NLM as an integral complex of the 
traditional library combined with the new facility 
of Bio-Medical Communications - grouped as they 
will be in each structure - are indicated on 
Diagram II-B, Page 27. 
7. Additional Factors in the Program 
In establishing the budget the following must also 
be included: 
a. Site Development - grading - drainage - roads - 
walks - lighting - planting. As indicated on 
Plan H-lt Page79 for estimating purposes. 
b. Parking - as indicated on Plan G-2, page 62 
for estimating purposes - 400 additional spaces 
for employees for the basic estimate the follow- 
ing is being allowed: 
1) Under new building - ”C” level - 120 cars 
2) Multi-tier parking - 150 cars 
3) Open parking space - 130 cars 
4) Visitors parking - as many as site permits 
5) Unit prices for each type of space will be 
included to permit comparative alternates. 
c. Utilities 
1. Cold Water Supply 
8" cold water main will be connected to 
existing service line to NLM building. 
2. Sanitary System 
10” sanitary sewer will be run from new 
building to existing manhole near Wisconsin 
Avenue serving the present 8” line from 
NLM building. 
3. Storm Water Drainage 
Storm water drainage will be run to present 
brook, similar to way NLM building was handled. 73 
4, Steam 
Ste?m and pumped return service lines will be taken 
from existing Manhole CS-49. New 8" steam, and 4" 
Pumped Return will be run for a distance 660* to new 
manhole, from which point 6” steam, 3I! Pumped Return 
and ij" drip will be run to new building. 
5. Chilled Water 
Chilled water service will be connected to 
existing 20" lines at Manhole CS-49, New lines 
will be 18" from existing Manhole CS-49 to new 
Manhole about 400* from new building. From new 
manhole, lines will be 14" to new building. 
6. Electrical 
Electrical light and power service will be 
connected to present feeders serving NLM. 
7. Communications 
Communication cables (telephone. Supervisory, 
cire Alarm, Watchmans* Report Systems) will be 
run to Manhole T-3 Dwg. 9-41 Project No. 18096. 
Extension of these cables to final terminal points 
will be done as determined by NIH. 
3, Not provided for in budget estimate: 
a. Possible future tie-in with pneumatic tube 
communications network. 
b. Extensions of communications cables beyond 
Manhole T-3. 
c. Any assessment for increase in boiler and 
refrigeration plant capacity, 
d. Special Furniture or Equipment - as may be called 
for to be designed or selected under architectural 
contract• 
e. Notes. 
1) Government supplied furniture and equipment - 
not included. 
2) Government overhead costs - including architectural 
& engineering fees not included as not negotiable 
or determined at this time. Purpose of budget to 
be furnished will be to estimate as closely as 
degree of detail permits - the construction or 
building contractor cost with certain additional 
allowances as indicated to give an idea of the 
order of magnitude of the total project. 
C. Approach to Design of the New Structure 
1, Location on this site Photo Diagram IV-A-3 
Page 30 
a. Ground area. Figures indicate that a grouping 
of elements desirable on "A" level with the 
remaining stack and other base structure elements 
in a level below will require approximately 
60,000 sq.ft, of ground area. 
b. Available site. The tradition of maintaining a 
green strip around the boundaries of the N.I.H. 
reservation, particularly along Wisconsin Avenue 
and the south boundary, has already been 
established. 
In addition, from the front or east it is desired 
to preserve the present aspect of the original 
building as the symbol of the NLM - (Photo IV-A-1). 
As may be seen on Plan "B" the area to the north 
of the parking space is too small and can well 
be reserved for a future high rise building. 
The present parking space not only serves a nec- 
essary purpose at the moment but it was reserved 
in the initial project as an area for a major 
stack expansion in the future, whether books or 
future films, tapes or new development. 
This leaves the area between the south side of 
the NLM and the brook. 
c. Location. Since the lower floor levels, at 
least, should be extended at their same levels 
into the new structure to provide a practical 
integration, the new structure would be contiguous 
with the old. 60,000 sq.ft, on the ground would 
take up about half this space, leaving the rest 
for parking. 
2. General Shape & Design Characteristics 
The program, as developed, calls for a total of 
approximately 230,000 sq.ft, of space, somewhat over 
half of which could be on the first floor or above. This 
results in more mass of building called for above grade H-l 
NEW BUILDING 1972 
1st FLOOR and SITE PLAN 80 
A LEVEL 
SHOWING LINK WITH EXISTING BUILDING 
EXISTING BUILDING 
NEW BUILDING 1972 
SCHEME A 
H-2 81 
B 
EXISTING BUILDING 
NEW BUILDING 1972 SCHEME A 
H-3 82 
EXISTING BUILDING 
0 20 40 60 80 KX) 120 
NEW BUILDING 1972 
SCHEME B H-4 new receiving 
83 
EXISTING BUILDING 
0 20 40 60 80 KX) 120 
NEW BUILDING 1972 
SCHEME C 
H-5 84 
than in the existing NLM building. It is also of 
office type windowed space. Not only its functional 
use but its aspect in relation to the existing 
building becomes important. It would seem there 
are three main possibilities: 
a. "High" or "Tower" Structure Photo Dia9rams IV-B-10 and 
IV-D-34,35, Pages 31 & 33 
This scheme would assume that "A" and "B" levels 
form a base on top of which a several storied 
elevator structure is located in a harmonious 
relationship to the existing NLM, 
In plan it would have the smallest floors above 
grade (approximately 6,000 sq.ft, net) - 
say fifteen as a practical limit of one rise 
of elevators. The new structure would have a 
tower relationship to the NLM which itself 
has a certain monumentally and classic 
simplicity. This tower could be treated arch- 
itecturally to give a lightness to the mass of 
the structure so that it would not seem to over- 
power the composition but rather enhance it. 
b. Intermediate Structure Photo Diagram IV-B-11 
Page 31 
For a net floor area of approximately 9,000 sq.ft, 
the superstructure would have 10 stories. Com- 
pared to the tower scheme the bulk of the building, 
though lower, would seem to dwarf the NLM and 
dominate the group. 
c. "Low" Structure Photo Diagram IV-B-12 
Page 31 
To permit the existing NLM to dominate the site 
in height by its "high roof" element the new 
structure could only be one story high. If a 
ground area of 60,000 sq.ft, is maintained it 
means that half the office type space in which 
windows are desired, would be in "A" level - 
requiring the building to set one story lower in 
the ground. If parking is required under the 
building this would be at a "D" level completely 
below grade for access as well as below the level 
of the brook, one more tier of rock excavation. 
As an alternative the ground area of the building 
might take the entire available part of the site 
including the multiple-tier parking or an area 
of some 120,000 sq.ft. The parking would then 
all be under the building - all of "C" level and 
half of "B" level for a total of approximately 
400 cars. Visitors parking could be on the surface 
in small areas. 
The work space would then take the remaining 
half of ,rB" level - all of "A” level and, 
arranged as suitably as possible, the balance 
would be at grade or main floor. So much of 
the area would need to be taken there would be 
little chance for arrangement in wings or with 
set back or terraces, so that externally it 
would be a solid block in relation to the NLM - 
somewhat in the same character rather than in 
contrast to it. Open to the south, the visible 
mass of it would seem much greater. The interior 
might be relieved by a small court or two, to 
let in daylight. Otherwise it would be char- 
acterized by large loft type floor areas - at 
greater distances from windows. 
d. Conclusion. The "high" or "tower" scheme seems 
the best approach to providing the additional 
type of office and technical space the present 
NLM does not have by nature of the building. 
At the same time it seems to relate the amount 
of new volume to the old in the most harmonious 
way • 
Therefore, this tower scheme study is carried a 
little further to determine the general effect 
and is the basis of the estimate. 
For a "low" scheme the wide-spread scheme over 
the whole site seems preferable to one going 
deeper - but in either case not answering the 
problem of kind of space desired as well as the 
above tower scheme. 
3. Design Characteristics - Tower Scheme - Photo - Back Page 
The "A" & "B" levels can be seen as forming a base 
for the new structure combined with the original 
terracing on the front of the NLM to provide a 
unifying feature for this expanded but still single 
institution• 
Above grade the tower aspect would express a light- 
ness and grace without competing with the solidity 
of the NLM - rather supplementing it like the 
campanile does for an Italian church or the old 
Trylon for the Perisphere. 85 
This leaves the roof of the base itself - projecting 
just above grade - calling for a "special" landscape 
treatment. 
Slightly above the level of the existing parking 
space - the top surface - the roof of MA” level - 
could then be treated as a paved terrace or plaza 
enhanced by raised tree and planting boxes, possibly 
a fountain or pools. (It would be a good place for 
the work of a talented artist on which it is believed 
1% of the cost of a public building can be spent.) 
If the conference rooms could be combined on the 
ground floor to provide a combination large meeting 
area of exhibition space in conjunction with the 
lobby, this could be designed with a feeling of open- 
ness to this plaza that would be convenient, practical 
and pleasant for visitors. 
Goint one step further - if the new Cafeteria were 
on "A" level, it could project in part, at least, above 
the terrace - not only permitting it to have a 
desirable higher ceiling but also giving it the 
possibility of a mezzanine entrance from the plaza. 
This would provide the desired feature of direct 
access from the outside for other employees of the 
N.I.H. as well as a very agreeable feature in con- 
junction with the public meetings & exhibition 
space of the lobby area. 
4. Site Development 
The major problem of the site is accommodation of 
the parking. If it has to be on the site - preferably 
not in tiers under the present parking space - then, 
of necessity, as much as possible must be under the 
new building on "CM level. It is suggested the 
remainder of the site be terraced in such a way as 
to permit multi-tier parking of the new parking 
space - somewhat screened by extension of the front 
terracing. Effort would also be made to extend this 
terrace to the south in such a way as to provide as 
much green area as possible outside the windows of 
"A” & "BM areas including those of the Cafeteria 
which would therefore tend to be located in the S.E. 
corner. 
Behind the terracing and continued as far as practical 
around "C" level there could be a narrow moat to 
provide natural ventilating of the under cover park- 
ing to some degree. 
Finally the new would be tied in with the old by 
appropriate landscaping. 
The original building - called for to be largely 
below the ground level (two-thirds in sub-level 
stacks) - was given a proper setting by use of the 
excavated material in terraces becoming - in a 
sense - an important part of the architecture of 
the building and a distinguishing feature. 
It would be proposed to extend these terraces to 
the south - again with excavated material - to unify 
the complex and hopefully screening at least some 
of the large amount of parking required. 
Again planted with small fruit trees it would 
further accomplish the above utilitarian purpose 
and, at the same time, improve the outlook from the 
buiIding. 
So harmoniously related it is believed the new 
structure can be added to the old in a pleasing way 
that will result in a feeling the whole is one 
unified and growing institution. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION PROGRESS SCHEDULE 
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COST ESTIMATES 
I. NEW BUILDING 
A. 15-Story Tower (Scheme A) 
1; General Construction $7,620,000 
2• Site Development - 
Roads, surface drainage, lighting, 
visitor’s parking, walks, grading, 
trees and planting. 220,000 
3. Utilities 
a. by General Contractor ) gee 78 358,000 
b. Assessment from N.I.H.) 9 
4. Bookstacks (New) 120,000 
5. Work of Artists - 1% 77 ,000 
Sub-total $8,395,000 
Contingencies - 5% 420,000 
TOTAL $8,815,000 
Exclusions: 
1* All equipment other than bookstacks - e.g. 
casework, movable furniture and equipment, 
tape files etc. 
2. Parking facilities at "C" level, in multi- 
tier structure and adjacent area on grade. 
Visitor's parking included in ’’Site" above. 
3. Computer and console wiring. 
B. 10-Story Tower (Scheme B) 
Cost relationship to 15-Story Tower - NO CHANGE 
C. Low Building (Scheme C) 
Cost relationship to 15-Story Tower (Scheme A) - 
DEDUCTION OF 6%, or $460,000 plus contingencies. 
Note: Parking cost relationship rises - see II below. 
II. PARKING FACILITIES (402 cars) 
A. Multi-tier structure 411,000 
B. On Grade (adjacent to "A") 16,000 
C. Under Main Building ("C" level) 579,000 
Sub-total $1,006,000 
Contingencies - 5% 50,000 
TOTAL $1,056,000 
Notes; 
1. visitors parking excluded (in I.A.2 above) 
2. Cost relationship - 10-Story Tower - NO CHANGE. 
3. Cost relationship - Low Building - ADD 78% or, 
$784,000 plus contingencies. 
III. EXISTING BUILDING - REHABILITATION (POST 1972) 
A. Alterations $ 377,000 
B. Compact Book Storage (30,000 lin. ft.) 185,000 
Sub-total $ 562,000 
Contingencies - 10% 56,000 
TOTAL $ 618,000 
Exclusions: 
1. Stage II Computer 
2. Console wiring 
3. Equipment, other than Bookstacks 
4. Cost of work proceeding piecemeal - 
Estimates based on alteration work being 
done concurrently (excluding compact book 
storage)• 
IV. GENERAL NOTES (applicable to all above estimates) 
A. Costs estimated as of June 1967. For each yearly 
increment to bidding date, plus one year thereafter, 
ADD 2.9% per year. Forecasting the rate of inflation 
is inexact, but rate of increase is based on average 
several indices over the past five years. 
B. Exclusions: 
1. G.S.A. supervision and administration costs. 
2. Design costs. 
C. Rock excavation included. 
D. Building Cost limited to 5 feet outside building; 
work beyond 5* in "site development and utilities". 
V. SUMMARY 
New Building - 15-Story Tower (Scheme A) $8,794,000 
Parking Facilities 1,056,000 
Rehabilitation - Existing Building 618,000 
TOTAL $10,468,000 
Note: Excludes any assessment for utility 
work by N.I.H. 1967 
NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE WITH PROPOSED NEW FACILITY 
O'CONNOR & KILHAM ARCHITECTS APPENDIX APPENDIX No. 1 
INFORMATION FURNISHED TO ARCHITECTS 
1, Statement of Scope, rev. 10-18-66 
2, Preliminary Order of Maanitude Cost Estimates dated 
9-7-66, 10-6-66 and io-13-66, 
3, Space Estimates and Miscellaneous Program Data 
forwarded per letter dated 9-9-66. 
4, Organizational Chart. 
5, Functional Charts. 
6, Up-to-date Floor Plans keyed to Organizational Chart 
(NLM and Blackwell Building), 
7, Auerbach Report - preliminary, 
8, Technical notes for Auerbach Report. 
9, NBS Report on micro-recording, 
10, Summary of Conference on Graphic Image Storage 
and Retrieval. 
11, Current personnel breakdown for all Divisions. 
12, NLM Five-Year Program Plan. 
13, Report on '’Handling of Toxicological Information” by 
the President, Science Advisory Committee. 
14, H.E.W, Memo on Toxicological Information Handling, 
15, N.I.H. Utility and Electrical Plans, 
16, Work request and partial plan for Renovation to 
Southwest corner of ”C” level, 
17, Work request and partial plan for film vault, and 
adjacent facilities on ”C” level, 
18, Cafeteria Space Requirements (from G.S.I.). 
19, Guide to Collections. 
20, Graphic Image Systems. 
21, Audio-Visual Photos (from Gerald Kurtz), 
22. Flow Charts - supply,extramural program. 
23• Physical Requirements for the Computer Room. 
24, Summary of Conference on Graphic Image Storage 
and Retrieval. 
25, Summary of Meeting No. 17 - Federal Library Committee. 
26, Appendices from 1966 Annual Report, 
27, Annual Report - Fiscal Year 1961. 
28, Annual Report - Fiscal Year 1964. 
29, Survey of the Interlibrary Loan Operation of the 
National Library of Medicine. 
30, Departmental Questionnaires. 
31, Personnel Figure Breakdowns for Various Departments. 
32, Data re N.I.H, standards for paving and multi-level 
parking facilities. APPENDIX 2-la 
MEMORANDUM 
3. Detailed Planning 
a. Library Rehabilitation 
1) Cafeteria - Originally designed to seat 100 persons. 
Enlarged to now seat 140. Based on larger user 
population consider possibility of serving hot food 
on plates (as opposed to sandwiches on paper plates 
at present). Change would require larger food 
preparation area and a dishwasher area. 
2) Reader-Service Desk 
consider: 
(a) enlarging work space (perhaps extending desk to 
south but leaving drinking fountain accessible). 
(b) replacing dumbwaiter with continuous conveyor 
system for books coming first floor - use 
elevator for returning books to lower floors. 
(c) post office type box system based on seat 
numbers 1-120 for book distribution. 
(d) replacing present annunciator panel with several 
panels located so that they can be seen from 
carrels in the reading room. Number system might 
be changed to correspond to seat numbers 1-120. 
Numbers must be large and bright enough to be 
seen from the most distant carrel. 
(e) how to handle 2 panels where glass has been 
removed. 
3) Main waste lines leaving building require study. On 
about 1 November the sanitary waste lines backed up 
through the C level toilets and stack area clean- 
outs, Check installation and functioning of special 
gravity drains provided for such events, 
4) Elevator No, 3 is not balanced properly causing 
one sheave to wear more rapidly than the other. 
5) Consider making stacks more stable by adding top 
ties or fixing to the floor slab. * 
6) Consider altering ventilation system so that 
personnel occupying space designed for stacks are 
better taken care of. Two categories - temporary until 
1972 - Permanent assignment to space, 
b. New Facilities 
1) Extramural Program - presently occupying Blackwell 
Building space (visited by SRJ). Primary relation- 
ship is with regional and local groups they are 
designed to encourage. Secondary relationship with 
Intramural Department, 
2) Computer Facilities - in the near future all intra- 
mural divisions will make intensive use of the 
computer. Mr, Isbister will arrange for meetings 
with Mr, Paul Regner of the NLM Information Systems 
Division, Mr, James Dugan of the Auerbach Corp. and 
Mr. Joseph Becker, the NLM EDP consultant on Dec. 1-2, 
Will try to establish: 
Re: Biomedical Communications Center 
National Library of Medicine 
Meeting at NLM, November 22, 1966 
Attended by: Messrs. James Isbister, Jim Lawrence, 
Joe McGroarty of NLM; W.H. Kilham, R.M.Beder, 
S.R. James, E. Waehrer of OfC & K. 
1. Data 
a. Documents received 
Space and Cost Estimate dated Oct. 18, 1966. 
Five-Year Plan. 
b. Documents to be forwarded by NLM 
Revised budget plans and personnel figures. 
Report of the Presidential NBS Advisory Committee 
Final version of Aurbach Corp. Report 
2, General Planning 
a. Will use 1972 as bench mark year for hard planning of 
new facility. 
b. Will use 1986 as base for long range soft planning. 
c. Probable future NLM activities (in addition to 5 yr. Plan) 
1) Center for toxicological information - could be 
larger than any present NLM program - might add 
35,000 square feet, 
2) Center for medical audio-visual activities - might 
be a center for collecting and distributing material. 
d. In general supervisory personnel of Grade GS-12 and 
above have private offices - others do not, 
e. Locations of utilities at south end of N.I.H, Reservation 
will be furnished by N.I.H. Facilities Planning Division 
for a meeting on Dec, 1 or 2. At a brief meeting with 
N.I.H, staff (Messrs. Biggs, Coaster and Stevens) Mr. 
Biggs agreed to consult with Mr, Isbister regarding 
Cafeteria use by N.I.H, personnel. The master plan for 
the Reservation is being currently prepared by Smith, 
Smith, Haines and Waehler. N.I.H. agreed to allow 
OfC & K to see the work in progress. APPENDIX 2-2a 
MEMORANDUM 
Re: National Library of ledicine 
Meeting with Lee Vaughn,nroject manager and Fred Stephens, enginee 
Research Facilities, Planning Branch.' N.I.H, - 1 Dec, 1966. 
UTIL IT IBS 
1. Received small scale utility drawings of the N.I.H, campus 
and electrical drawing numbers 9-0S-1B and 9-0S-24 made by 
Nattingham and Assoc, The latter are to be returned to N.I.H- 
2. New N.L.Il, facility will tie into N.I.H. chilled water, steam 
and electrical service. Other lines will be taken directly 
to or from Wisconsin Avenue. 
3. Jim Mongitore will calculate loads of new building, N.I.H, 
engineer will check existing lines to see whether they will 
take load or whether enlarging or new lines are necessary. 
Cost distribution will be discussed at that time, 
PARKING 
4. Except for the relatively sparsely populated south end of the 
campus, N.I.H, is going to multilevel parking structures. 
Currently using a ratio of ,6 car/employee although that will 
probably go up to ,7 soon. 
The proposed International Conference Building is planned for 
200 parking spaces either in the building or in an adjacent 
parking structure. 
CAFETERIA 
5. N.I.H, cafeteria planning standard in ,7 seats/person divided 
over 2-3 sittings. South end loop of N.I.H, campus will have 
approx, 600 persons working therein, including 125 in cancer 
virus building under construction, 
6. The International Conference Building would have a peak load 
(very variable) of 385 persons for meals. 
O'CONNOR AND KILHAM 
/• .. , 
EW/gc Edgaf Waehrer 
cc: Mr. Isbister (5) 
James Mongitore Assoc, 
Severud Assoc, 
iMessrs, O’Connor, Kilham, 
Beder, Chu, James, 
Waehrer, Alden 
(a) types of communication by other divisions with 
Information Systems Division 
(b) special requirements of computer facilities 
.power requirements 
•temperature and humidity requirements 
•size and location of space 
•fire protection 
(c) future requirements for computers 
3) Microfilm Program - at present 3 million pages per 
year are sent out for microfilming through the 
binding department (Reference Services) stored in 
plastic container on conventional library shelving 
in B level open stack. Must cope with problem of 
fire protection for microfilm, 
c. Departmental Planning Criteria 
1) Supply - discussion w/Joe McGroarty. should be close 
to receiving and loading dock, proximity to heavy 
users of bulk supply (photographic services, systems 
analysis) should be considered. 
2) Receiving - space needed for exhibits storage and 
for packing and unpacking. 
Regular meetings are scheduled for Thursday, December 8 
and Thursday, December 22. 
O’Connor and Kilham 
E, Wafehrer 
EW/de \J 
cc: NLM-James Isbister (5) 
James Mongitore Assoc. 
Severud Assoc. 
Mr, O’Connor^^^" 
Mr, Kilham 
Mr. Beder 
Mr. Chu 
Mr. James 
Mr. Waehrer APPENDIX 2-2b 
MEMORANDUM 
Re: National Library of Medicine 
Meeting v/ith Paul Redmer, Chief of Systems Analysis 
Division and James Dugan, Auerbach Corp. at NLM 
1 December 1966 
1. By 1970 input-output consoles ranging in size from large 
typewriters to a large color TV set (cathode ray tube console) 
will be located in virtually all departments tieing them 
directly into the computer, 
DIVISION No. of remote station consoles - 1970 
TSD 15 (may need as early as 1968) 
RSD 2 
BSD 10-11 
ISD 1 or 2 
Hive i 
Drug Lit. 2 
MeSh 1 
Toxicology 10 
R & D No, of researchers/2 
2. All stations require 2 cables or 2 in one wrapping to a 
coupling station or to the computer - 2000 feet max. 
distance console - computer without reinforcement of signal. 
3. Up to 2000’ distance, a 2”-3” diameter cable run directly 
from each console to computer is the easiest solution - 
electronically. However, in addition to normal cable 
shielding the line must be completely shielded from 
electrical wiring to avoid interference. Need a galvanized 
metal shield around cables and between each console cable. 
There is a GSA pamphlet on cables available. 
Past experience has indicated that these cables could be 
run exposed below ceiling slab or in suspended ceiling 
without additional shielding. Cable is flexible and there 
is no limit on numbers of turns. 
4. When console-computer distance exceeds 20001 or a better signal 
is desired various devices may be added to the direct line. 
When any of these devices are added the cable is reduced 
to telephone line size without the necessity of any further 
shielding whatsoever. 
a. Modeo Boxes - box required for each console at console 
end and computer end of line, signal is modulated and 
demodulated at each transmission. 
|)e.rlMlj 
b, Buffer Technique - buffer is a memory box whichAchanges 
speed of signal - sends signal -aany timer, by sending it 
a siower rc.te, 
c, Switch Technique - (7740 I3M), instead of separate lines 
to computer signals could be sent through one switch - - 
might be able to use a smaller communication controller. 
The exact nature of the system to be installed in the 
library in the next 2. years will not be known until a 
proposal is accepted for the stage 2 computer system. NLM 
will have to consider costs of installing and shielding 
lines in an acceptable manner (electrically and 
architecturally) as well as the direct computer manufacturer 
cost. 
5, The present data processing space will probably be OK in 
size. 
6, Beginning in late 1967 aoproximately 30 persons represent- 
ing contractors will have to be housed in the library. 
0 * CONNOR AND KILHAM 
<£.'> | ! -v J 
C. >• V' j D-f ,X/ A^A- 
E, Waehrer 
EW/de yj 
cc: NLM-James Isbister (5) 
James Mongitore Assoc. 
Severud Assoc. 
Mr. O’Connor 
Mr. Kilham 
Mr. Beder 
Mr. Qiu 
Mr. J ame s 
iVir. Waehrer APPENDIX 2-2c 
APPENDIX 2-2d 
MEMORANDUM 
MEMORANDUM 
Re: National Library of Medicine 
Meeting with Dr. Cummings and James Isbistcr at NLM, 
1 December 1966. 
Opinion offered by Dr. Cum sings 
1. estimates that NLM personnel will double every 5 years for 
the next two five year periods. After 10 years the personnel 
might plateau. 
2. present library will continue to house a collection of books 
(as apposed to microforms only) and will be primarily an 
instrument of direct service to the public. Other aspects 
might be housed in new facility. 
3. We should assume: 
1) for the next 10-20 years books and journals in printed 
form will be the principal means of communications. 
a. the medical literature doubles every 12 years. 
2) new information forms will be library based. 
a. audio-visual material will increase at a faster 
rate - perhaps double every 5-6 years. 
3) will be able transmit information by wire, wave, satellite 
etc. 
4) N.L.M. will be required to supply 25-30 regional libraries 
v/ith microform packages equal to 10% of the NLM collection 
5) new facility must have the ability to develop a linkage 
with 100 or more other related information centers. 
4. In 10 years the personnel size of various divisions might be: 
RSD down 
RSD up x 1 
TSD up x 1 
HMD same 
ISD up x 5 
BMP up x 4 
R&D 175 by 1973 
O’CONNOR AND KILHAM 
') 5 0-f. ’A- 
EW/gc Efcgars Waehrer 
cc: Mr. Isbister (5) u 
James Mongitore Assoc. 
Severud Assoc. 
Messrs. O'Connor, Kilhtfm, Beder, Chu, James, Alden, Waehrer. 
Res National Library of Medicine December 5, 1966 
Meeting with Joe McGroarty - 1 Dec. 1966 
Received copies of work request and partial plan for 
two items below. 
Requested advice concerning: 
1. renovation of Southwest corner of ,fCM level for System 
Analysis Division. 
2. design and construction of a film vault, editing and 
splicing room and camera station on "C" level. 
Should tie in with our overall plans for the "C" 
level stacks. 
O'CONNOR AND KILHAM 
Bdgar Waehrer 
EW/gc 
cc: National Library of Medicine, 
Mr. James Isbister (5 copies) 
James Mongitore Associates 
Severud Associates 
Messrs. R.B, O'Connor 
W.H, Kilhara 
R. Beder 
P.M, Chu 
S. James 
E. Waehrer 
R. Alden APPENDIX 2-2e 
James Mongitore Associates 
Consulting Engineers. 
1 □ 1 PARK AVENUE 
NEW YORK, N. Y. 10017 
MURRAY Hill 3-7240 
MEMO - Meeting at NIH re NIM 12/l/66 
Present: James Mongitore, Ed Waehrer, Joe McGroarty, Lee Vaughn, 
Fred Stephens 
After a brief discussion regarding utility services for the proposed 
extension on new building for the National Library of Medicine the following 
was arrived at - 
1. Water service is strictly the responsibility of NIM and any 
arrangements required will have to be negotiated with the Water 
Company. 
2. Sanitary system and storm water disposal is also the responsibility 
of NIM. 
3* Chilled Water Service - 
We are to submit estimated refrigeration load to NIH thru regular 
channels so that an evaluation can be made regarding present and 
and future capability of the present and future chilled water 
distribution system. 
k» Steam Condensate Return Service 
We are to submit estimated steam consumption loads to NIH thru 
regular channels so that an evaluation can be made regarding present 
and future capability of the underground steam and condensate 
distribution system. 
5. We are to submit estimated electrical loads to NIH thru regular 
channels so that an evaluation can be made of capability of present 
electric distribution system to handle expected loads. 
***** 
Verbal Discussion - Ed Waehrer, James Mongitore, Joe McGroarty 
5o%~3S% 
1. Micro film Storage & Processing - Requirement of $0 to -55* F - HH - 
This space will have to be treated same as meat processing rooms 
such sub was designed for West Point Kitchen - Bldg. A - We see no 
particular problem. 
2. Requirement for additional air in Level "C" to handle higher loads 
for office type use of spaces originally designed for stswiks. 
This problem can be handled more simply by the use of fan coil units 
to provide the required cooling effect. The present air supply 
(subject to further check) is probably sufficient to handle oxygen 
requirements). The fan coil units would be chilled water supplied. 
Running chilled water piping to fan coil units will be more 
practical than trying to increase capability of duct and related 
equipment• 
... ""i———* 
y J 
-tfames Mongitore APPENDIX 2-3a 
MEMORANDUM 
Re: National Library of Medicine 
Extramural Program 
Meeting with Dr. Marjorie Wilson, Assoc. Director for Extramural 
Programs; Dr. Carl Douglass, Chief of Facilities and Resources 
Division; Mr. David Kefauver, Chief of Research and Training 
Division; Mr. John Spain, Grants and Contracts Officer - at NLM 
December 2, 1966. 
1. EMP has been charged with the responsibility to strengthen 
the mechanical sciences information of the nation. Gives 
grants to institutions and individuals for various proj'ects. 
Generally distributed to approximately 250 institutions. 
2. The three sections of EMP, 
Publication and Translation 
Reseaches & Training 
Facilities and Resources 
work very closely with one another and should not be physically 
separated. 
3. Planning 
A. Offices - typical office type space needed. Two private 
offices with a shared secretarial space has been a good 
arrangement for EMP. No universal equipment needed but 
might have consoles tied to computer in the future. 
B, Conference Rooms 
1) Small - need 4 rooms seating 3-10 persons around a 
table. At present chief offices have tables 
seating approximately 6 persons. 
2) Large - 2 conference rooms seating 30 persons, 15-20 
around table, other around edge. Should have 
chalk boards, projection screens, tape decks. 
Full day (or longer) conferences with outside 
participants will be common and will require 
adj'acent facilities. 
Toilets, lounges, telephones, reception area, 
coat room 
N.I.H, Bldg. 31 could be used as a model. 
C. Work Area 
Special attention should be given to table/counter or 
other devices for easing task of collating large quan- 
tities of material. At present it is done by clerical 
help using every available flat surface. 
D. Visitors 
Equal to ap rox. 20-25% of staff. 
O’CONNOR AND KILHAM 
Edgar Waehrer 
EW/gc 
cc; NLM - Mr. Isbister (5) 
James Mongitore Assocc 
Severud Assoc. 
Messrs. O’Connor 
Kilham 
Beder 
Chu 
James 
Waehrer 
Alden APPENDIX 2-3b 
MEMORANDUM 
Res National Library of Medicine 
Reference Service Division 
Meeting with Sam Waters, Chief of Reference Service Division; 
Ed Miller, Asst. Chief; Tom Bagg, Microfilm consultant 
at National Lib. Medicine - 2 December 1966, 
Immediate Planning for microfilm vault on "C" level 
1. Vault; 
a. use stock Watson Cabinets, Jamestown, N.Y. 
b. plan for 35 mm film 
c. plan for 40 million pages on film by 1972 
1000 reels/million pages 
40,000 reels 
40 cabinets - put cabinets on 2” base to protect against 
flooding- 
d. mechanical 
o o 
1) temperature constant 50 - 60 
2) humidity constant 30% - 35% 
3) air must be filtered - no vapors or dust 
4) fire protection - use CG2 system with locking off 
possibility during daytime - plan warning system, 
5) relocate any duct passing through vault space. 
** Editing & Splicing Area: 
a, plan for 8 work stations- 7* :a 7% closed on 3 sides, 
open on the fourth. 
b, plan for 3 additional pieces, 7* x 7! for equipment and 
operator 
c. add necessary aisle space to above space requirements 
d. mechanical 
q 
1) normal ventilation - temperature 70 - 
humidity 50% i 
Graphic Image Storage and Retrieval - 1972 
In addition to 10,400 sf indicated in scone statement an 
R & D facility consisting of the following program requirements 
is required: 
10 persons @ 100 sf 1000 SF 
7 or 8 pieces of equipment @ 150 sf 1200 
shop 500 
storage 200 
dark room 300 
office and work space for outside contractors 500 
conference room 300 
Total 4000 SF 
equipment space, shop and storage area require a dust free 
environment. 
Graphic Image Storage and Retrieval - Production & Service 
Present Inter-library loan and photo-duplication departments 
will continue as service elements. After regional library networks 
is operational, NLM will continue loan service as a regional center 
and will service the 10% of requests that the regional center are 
unable to fill. 
By 1972 loan requests (duplicates) will be filled by both: 
1. hard copy 
2. microfilm copies 
made from: 
1. hard copy original 
2. reel microfilms 
3. microfilm operture cards 
3y 1986 there may be as many as 500 million pages on microfilm. 
0 * CONNOR AND KILHAM 
Edgar Waehrer 
EW/gc 
cc; NLM - Mr James Isbister (5) 
James Mongitore Assoc. 
Severud Associates 
Messrs. O’Connor, Kilhara, Beder, 
Chu, James, Waehrer, Alden APPENDIX 2-4a 
APPENDIX 2-5a 
MEMORANDUM 
Re: National Library of Medicine 
Bibliographies Services Division 
Meeting with Dr. Bachrach, Chief of Division at NLM - 
7 December 1966. * 
Search — Uses reference collection — would have to be duplicated 
in part if search were to move. At present material for com- 
puter searches goes to data processing several times a day. 
Search manpower will increase in spite of regional 
library network because individual medical area indexes,present- 
ly 6 (nursing, rheumatology, etc.) - may go as high as 50. 
A low (7*0”) partition separates an office - classroom 
space from the general work space. Not a very satisfactory 
arrangement at present. 
Index - After indexing serials go to ISO for input typing. In 
future this might be done directly by indexers. Will need 
almost one console per indexer. At present 4 indexers are 
working in Division Chief's office space, 
O'CONNOR AND KILHAM 
;- 'j ' , ; 
Edgar Waehrer 
EW/gc 
ccj NLM - Mr, Isbister (5) 
James Mongitore Assoc. 
Severud Assoc. 
Messrs. O’Connor 
Kilham 
Beder 
Chu 
James 
Waehrer 
Alden 
MEMORANDUM 
Re; National Library of Medicine 
Audio-Visual 
Meeting with Jerome Kurtz, Walter H, Kilham, Robert M, Beder 
and Edgar Waehrer. 
15 December 1966: 
1. TV sets located throughout library tied to audio-visual 
capability, probable locations are: Catalog, Auditorium, 
Director’s office, Medlars Viewing Area, 
2. Receiving station require no more than a normal wire in 
conduit for reception, 
3. Build in screens in carrels similar to built-in public phone 
stations. Consider possibility of tack surfaces on carrels. 
4. Consider the possibility of production and reproduction of 
tapes and color capability, 
5. Plan for a large screen in at least one stack study. Consider 
possibility of TV sets with voice communication in some of 
the stack studies. 
6. Plan taped film storage carefully as there is a possibility 
that the MLM may house Archival Medical Film Collection which 
would be open to public viewing. This public viewing could 
be done at almost any convient spot in the library, 
7. There is an operational audio-visual carrel system in the 
West Hartford School system at present. 
O’CONNOR AND KILHAM 
Edgar waehrer 
* 
EW/gc J 
cc: Mr. James Isbister (5) 
James Mongitore Associates 
Severud Associates . 
Messrs. O’Connor, Kilham, Beder, 
Chu, James, Waehrer, Alden APPENDIX 2-5b 
MEMORANDUM 
Re; National Library of Medicine 
Reference Services 
Meeting attended by Mr, Sam Waters, Mr, Tom Bagg, Mr, 
James Isbister, Mr, Walter Kilham, Mr, Robert Beder and 
Mr, Edgar Waehrer - 15 December 1966 
1, Collection - There is a discrepancy between the figures 
submitted by Reference Services on the questionaire and 
those included in the 1966 report. Using the projection 
from the questionaire it would aorear as though the library 
had a total collection of 504,000 volumes in 1966 whereas 
the annual report includes roughly 1,000,000 volumes, NLM 
will attempt to resolve this difference and will inform us 
of the true size of the collection. 
2, Compact Storage - The Yale system of storing books by size 
in a serial arrangement would involve a very difficult and 
costly job of reclassification, TSD would probably have to 
undertaKe this job and might not have the oersonel to do so. 
Mr, Waters expressed a preference for the compact shelving 
system using the standard Dewey Decimal arrangement, 
3, RSD Film Program - 
a. Inter Library Loan - 
Stacks - to filming operation - 
to developing - to copy 
flow - to mail, 
b. Preservation filming - 2,000,000 pages per year at most 
Stacks - to microrecords - to 
fixed cameras - to 
developing & printing 
- to inspecting - to 
microrecords vault. 
c. Contract filming - Microrecords sent out. 
Stacks - to microrecords - to 
mail-to contractor - 
to mail - to photo 
duplication inspection 
-to microrecords inspec- 
tion - to microfilm 
vault. 
d. Graphic Image Program - This future ©Deration would 
have the capability of making hard copies or microrecord 
copies from Fische or aperture cards. The reel master 
film would be previously converted to fische or aperture 
form by photo duplication, 
0*CONNOR AND KILHAM 
/ . r 
Edgar\ Waehrer 
EW/gc t 
cc: Mr, James Isbister (5) 
James Mongitore Associates 
Severud Associates 
Messrs, 0*Connor 
Kilham1' 
Beder 
Chu 
James 
Waehrer 
Alden APPENDIX 2-5C 
APPENDIX 2-6a 
MEMORANDUM 
Re; National Library of Medicine 
Administrative Services 
Meeting with Mr, James Isbister, Mr, Joe McGroaraty, 
Mr. Walter Kilham, Mr. Robert Seder and Edgar Waehrer, 
15 December 1966 
1. «Supply 
a. Supply storage - 4500 sq.ft, i.e, present size is 
sufficient for 1972 supply storage, 
b. Duplicating facility - 3,000 sq.ft. - photo offset 
operations• 
c. Exhibit storage - plan on using rental soace, 
d. Furniture storage - plan for rental space. 
2, Receiving and Mailing 
If a receiving and mailing operation is planned for a new 
facility present size facility is sufficient in main building. 
Add approximately 1,000 sq.ft, in the new facility for a 
second receiving and mailing facility, 
O’CONNOR AND KILHAM 
A 
\X3 
Edgaf Waehrer 
EW/gc 
cc; Mr. James Isbister (5) 
James Mongitore Associates 
Severud Associates 
y 
Messrs. O’Connor, Kilham, BeJer, 
Chu, James, Waehrer, Alden 
MEMORANDUM 
Rg: National Library of Medicine 
Parking Facilities 
Meeting at N.I.H, with Mr, A1 Perkins, Mr. Frank Liposky 
and E* Waehrer - 21 December 1966; 
Received from Mr, Perkins; 
1, Dwgs, for Emergency Virus Isolation Facility; Site and Location 
Plan 3674-CE-l; Boring Plan & Notes 3674-CE-8. 
2, Soils Investigation Report for Emergency Virus Isolation 
Facility, 
3, Program of Requirements for a Multilevel Parking Facility for 
Building No, 31. 
4, Reprint of "So You’re Planning a Parking Garage" by Richard 
C. Rich. 
5, Guide Specification for Bituminous Paving. 
6, Mr, Perkins will send N, E & S, elevations of Virus Facility. 
On grade parking 
1, Parking stall width - 3*0" c. to c., 13* for stall length, 
2, Aisle of 22* 
3, Buffer preferred between parking rows - 12* if possible - 
enough for walk, and tree planting. 
4, Paving - follow guide spec, for bituminous paving, 
5, Drainage - normal; prefer combination curb and gutter contin- 
uous (L shaped concrete section) 
6, Design - at present N.I.H, uses a ratio of ,6 spaces/building 
occupant. Investigate condition as greater use of car pool 
may reduce ratio. APPENDIX 2-6b 
MEMORANDUM 
Res National Library of Medicine 
Overall Planning 
Meeting with Dr# Cummings, Mr. James Isbister, Mr. W.H. Kilham 
and Mr. E. Waehrer - December 21, 1966. 
1. Plan new facility for ideal size based on needs as opposed 
to using 125,000 SF gross as a constraint. 
2. Assume supply storage for furniture and large cases will be 
in rented space. 
3. Plan for stack expansion through 1936 assuming the collection 
will double every 12 1/2 years. 
4. Include all types of comoact stacks in our study for compari- 
son purposes; 
a. assume 200,000 volumes (25% of collection) might be stored 
compactly in 1972 and a constant 20%-25% of the collection 
compact storage over the next 20 years. 
5. Jim Isbister will obtain a copy of the C.I.A. Graphic Storage 
and Retrieval System "Cypress” from Joe Becker. 
6. Carrels - consider all types of study areas: 
a. open carrels in reading room - 
standard 
audio - visual 
b. 3 station audio - visual study on firsL floor 
c. scholars open carrels in stacks 
d. scholars private study rooms in stacks - should be com- 
fortable enough for a man to spend a year working there; 
desk, audio-visual facility, console tie-in, book case, 
etc. 
7. Reader - Service Desk 
a. consider addition of turnstile at entrance to reading 
room as a counting device and control. 
b. retain present entrance and expand desk to west and south 
in a shape of some sort to give more space behind desk; 
develop this scheme as the "best" solution. 
c. explore pidgeon-hole idea below counter and/or below eye 
level so that visual control can be maintained over the 
entire reading room. 
Parking Garage 
1. May use Program for Requirements for Bldg. 31 Facility as a 
guide. 
2. Built in leaking devices on ramps where snow and ice might 
accumulate. 
O * CONNOR AND KILHAM 
\ i . , ’ . 
.'V Stj ,, j I '} -vAf ' V 
Edgar Waehrer 
EW/gc 
cc: NLM - Mr. James Isbister (5) 
Janes Mongitore Assoc. 
Severud Assoc. 
Messrs. O’Connor,/ 
Kilham ■/ 
Beder 
Chu 
James 
Waehrer 
Alden APPENDIX 2-7a 
8. Existing building planning - 
’’Best” solution as agreed on by all present was: 
Mezz, - expansion of all departments except Offices of 
Associate Director for Intramural Programs - 
he would have space for four persons on mezzanine, 
others of his staff located elsewhere, 
1st FI, - Data Processing & Computers move to new facility; 
T3D expands fully on this floor; BSD Search expands 
as much as possible, additional space would be 
grouped elsewhere with Indexers; RSD work space 
is reduced to conform to GSA standards; RSD Chief's 
Office expands at A level. 
A level - Inter library loan & Photoduplication (Graphic 
Image Storage and Retrieval) to expand as necessary; 
Indexers, Me Sh, Dwg Literature Program, and cafe- 
teria to move to new facility; Binding and ?4icro- 
record relocated as this level; Cafeteria moves to 
new facility, 
B level -- HMD expands as necessary on this level; stacks and 
studies occupy remaining space. 
C level - entire floor reconverted to stacks and studies - 
compact stacks to be" on this level 
9, New Facility 
Two or three alternates will be presented for a new 
structure tied to the existing building by a link from 
the South-west corner of A level. 
Major alternates will be; 1. tower structure, 2, low 
structure- approx, some height as existing building 
Parking will be considered all on grade, as well as part 
under or on top of the new facility, 
O'CONNOR AND KILHAM 
. . , )j • . 
Edgar Waehrer 
BW/gc 
cc: Mr. Janes Isbister (5) 
James Mongitore Assocs, 
Severud Associates 
Messrs, O'Connor. Beder, 
Chu, James, Waehrer, Alden 
MEMORANDUM 
Re: National Library of Medicine 
Compact Stacks 
Meeting with Messrs. Riley, Waters, Adams, Kilham, Beder, 
James and Waehrer, 
16 January 1957 
Compact Stacks 
Mr, Waters indiacted a strong preference for stack 
systems comprised of narrower aisles and/or serially arranged, 
books to that of a mechanically operated system. The ensueing 
discussion with Mr* Riley and Mr. Waters indicated that it may 
not be necessary to change the card catalog if books are entered 
into compact storage by date i.e. say all pre 1930 serials or 
all pre 1930 monographs. Then, merely*by having the reader in- 
dicate the date on the call slip the personnel at the readers 
service desk would query the computer to determine book location. 
In that case the card catalog would not have to be changed at all. 
Another possib5,lity would be to put only dead serials in 
compact storage and change the cards as necessary, 
A single card is used for perhaps 20 to 40 volumes in'whicl 
case the cost per lineal foot is relatively low. Because of the 
fact that we could not decide the exact nature of what was to be 
compacted we decided that O'Connor & Kilham would not attempt to 
set any kind of cost for changing of the cards or clerical work 
involved in compacting,, Mr. Waters seemed to favor the idea of 
putting only serials and possibly theses in compact storage, 
Mr, Riley felt it was possible to put monographs by the pre date 
method, 
0’CONNOR AND KILHAM 
A 
Edgar Waehrer 
EW/gc 
cc: Mr, James Isbister (5) 
James Mongitore Associates 
Severud Associates 
Messrs, O'Connor,(jCilhaimp Beder, 
Chu, James/ Waehrer, Alden APPENDIX 2-7b 
APPENDIX 2-7c 
MEMORANDUM 
Ret National Library of Medicine January 16, 1967 
Meeting at NLM attended by Dr, Cummings, 
Messrs* Adams, Isbister, Kilham, Beder, James & Waehrer, 
GENERAL 
1, Compact Stacks 
Dr. Cummings indicated that renting space for compact stacks 
should not be seriously considered, because: 
a. It was hard to equal the security of the NLM. 
b. The archival responsibility of NLM places a great respon- 
sibility to maintain all of the collection in a secure 
and accessible location. 
Dr, Cummings and Mr. Adams agreed that the preferred solutions 
for compact storage were ones that included narrowing aisles 
and arranging books by size as opposed to solutions incorpor- 
ating mechanical gadgetry. Dr, Cum Lings also indicated a 
preference for incorporating the hardware of any of the com- 
pact scheme in 1972 rather than merely providing the space 
and leaving the compact storage hardware for a latec date, 
2, Graphic Image Storage and Retrieval- System 
Mr, Becker has not provided the ’’Cypress" or "Walnut" system 
outline as yet. Dr, Cummings suggested that we might get the 
"Cypress'* system directly from IBM; their representative in 
New York is Mr, Steven Furth. 
3, Annunciator Boards 
The various alternatives outlined by O’Connor & Kilham were 
presented along with the conclusion that perhaps two boards 
might be the most reasonable selection. Dr, Cummings expressed 
interest in the radio microwave system and stressed the point 
that we could emphasize the best possible system, not necess- 
arily the least expensive, 
4, Readers Service Desk 
After a general discussion of the arrangement everyone agreed 
that the pigeonholes were best looated on the north wall of 
the Lounge seating area within the reading room. This means, 
operationally, that books would be placed in the pigeonholes 
by the readers service desk attendants and would be taken 
directly by persons using the reading room. 
MEMORANDUM 
Re; National Library of Medicine 
General 
Meeting at NLM - with Mr, Isbister, Mr* Kilham, Mr. Beder, 
Mr, James and Mr, Waehrer 
16 January 1967 
SCHEDULE 
1, Date for final submission of contract material will be exten- 
ded to March 3rd, O’Connor & Kilham*s schedule for completion 
of work and delivery to printers will be February 24th. 
2, Meetings v/ith Its:. Isbister prior to that date are tentatively 
scheduled for January 27th in Washington and February 14th in 
New York. 
3, The material will be presented to the NLM board of regents on 
March 16th. 
4, Parking - note should be made in the report text of the fact 
that there is an additional need for visitors parking above 
and beyond the 36 presently provided. 
O'CONNOR AND. KILHAM 
h f 
" ~S\A\ \ VJ -j ; V 
Edgar 'waehrer 
EW/gc 
cc; Mr, James Isbister 
James Mongitore Associates 
Severud Associates 
Messrs. O’Connor^ 
Kilham 
Beder 
Chu 
James 
Waehrer 
Alden 5# New Facilities 
After a general discussion of the various models made by 
O'Connor & Kilham, there was general agreement that the 
preferred tower solution was that of the fifteen story ooint 
tower located to the south and west of the existing building , 
close to the loop road. A glass lobby floor at the base of 
the tower on top of the larger A and 3 levels was preferred. 
Dr. Cummings indicated a strong desire to get a relatively 
large conference room some place in the project, perhaps seat- 
ing up to 250 persons. The final suggestion was that this be 
incorporated into a large exhibition area, within the glassed 
in Lobby area at the base of the tower.. Another possibility 
would be to have the small conferones rooms separated by 
removable partitions, thus combining three to six small con- 
ference rooms into one large conference room. 
Dr. Cummings indicated a preference for having the large base 
of the tower that is A & B levels possibly articulated in a 
way similar to that of the low mass clay base. The clay 
models of the low and intermediate massing were presented but 
the general feelinn was that as solutions they were not as gooc 
the tower scheme. However they will be presented as alterna- 
tives in the main body of the report, 
O'CONNOR AND KILHAM 
r 
Edgar vJ[aehrer 
EW/gc j 
cc; Mr, James Isbister (5) 
Mongitore Associates 
Severud Associates 
Messrs, O'Connor, 
Kilham 
Beder 
Chu 
James 
Waehrer 
Alden