Being engaged in preparing a continuation of the 
work of my father, the late Dr. Amos Binney, on 
the “ Terrestrial Mollusks and Shells of the United 
States/’ I take this opportunity of soliciting the 
assistance of those interested in the subject. Suites 
of local species from every part of the Union will 
be of great value to me in ascertaining the geogra- 
phical distribution of species. They will be grate- 
fully acknowledged, and, if required, shells given in 
exchange. I would also request any information 
relating to the subject, and any addenda or corri- 
genda to the “ Mollusks.” 
Shells may be forwarded safely by mail, if packed 
in a pasteboard box, with tissue paper or cotton. 
Parcels exceeding the required weight of the Post- 
Office, may be sent by express. 
W. G. BINNEY. 
Address, Acad, of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, DESCRIPTIONS 
OF 
TERRESTRIAL SHELLS 
OF 
NORTH AMERICA. 
€ juntas 
PHILADELPHIA: 
CHILDS & PETERSON, 
124, ARCH STREET. 
1856. PREFACE. 
Anticipating that the publication of the Plates 
forming the third volume of my late father’s work 
on the “ Terrestrial Mollusks and Shells of the 
United States,” will excite increased attention to 
that subject, it has been suggested to me by my 
friend, Mr. Thomas Bland of New York, that a re- 
print of the original descriptions and accompanying 
remarks of Thomas Say will materially assist in the 
study of this branch of Zoology. 
I have accordingly collected and now publish, 
from the scattered and generally inaccessible wri- 
tings of Mr. Say, all that relates to our terrestrial 
species. 
These pages are offered to the Conchologists of 
America and Europe to aid and encourage them in 
their investigations, and to induce a just appreci- 
ation of the labors of our first and greatest Naturalist. 
W. G. BINNEY. 
Germantown, near Philadelphia, \ 
Nov. 1856. The Extracts have been made from the following 
works : 
1. The article Conchology, in the American edition of Nichol- 
son’s Encyclopaedia, 2d ed. Philad. 1818, vol. iv., with figures. 
2. Numerous articles in the Journal of the Academy of Natu- 
ral Sciences of Philadelphia, vols. i. ii. v. 
3. Expedition to the Source of St. Peter’s River, &c. &c., under 
the command of Major Long. Vol. ii., Appendix, with figures. 
Philad. 1824. 
4. American Conchology, or Descriptions of the Shells of North 
America. Illustrated by colored figures. New Harmony, Indiana, 
1830-34. 
5. Disseminator of Useful Knowledge. New Harmony, Indiana, 
1829-31. 
6. Transylvania Journal of Medicine. Vol. ii., 1832. 
The extracts from the last two Journals have been made from 
the republication by Mrs. Say, New Harmony, 1840, under the 
title, “ Descriptions of some new Terrestrial and Fluviatile Shells 
of North America.” DESCRIPTIONS OF 
TERRESTRIAL SHELLS OF NORTH AMERICA, 
No. 1.—The Article « CONCHOLOGY,” in Nicholson’s Ency- 
clopaedia, Am. Ed., anno 1818. 
1. Helix albolabris.—Shell thin, fragile ; convex, imperfo- 
rated ; with six volutions, whorls obtusely wrinkled across, and 
spirally striated with very fine impressed lines, a little waved by 
passing over the wrinkles, both becoming extinct towards the 
apex, which is perfectly smooth; aperture lunated, not angulated 
at the base of the column, but obtusely curved, lip contracting the 
mouth abruptly, widely reflected, flat and white. 
Length of the column three-fifths of an inch ; breadth one inch. 
Plate 1, Fig. 1. Lister, Conch, tab. 47. ?—Rhodia, Gmelin’s 
Ed. Syst. Nat. 
The common garden snail, frequenting moist shaded situations, 
and is generally well known. It is very probable that this is the 
Rhodia of authors, but as in the description of that species nothing 
is mentioned of the reflected lip, and not having in our possession 
the volume of Chemn. Conch, referred to for a figure of it, we have 
made an interrogative reference, and for the present have adopted 
a new name. 
2. H. arboreus.—Shell very thin, fragile, depressed, horn 
color, pellucid, very little convex: whorls four, irregularly wrinkled 
across ; aperture sublunated, lip thin, brittle, junction with the 
body whorl acute; umbilicus large and deep. 
Length, one-tenth of an inch nearly; breadth nearly one-fifth. 
Plate 4, Fig. 4. 
Under the bark of decaying trees very common. Inhabitant 
pellucid ; base white, acute behind, not extending forward before 
the head ; head and neck dusky; tentacula four ; lower ones very 
short; eyes placed in the tip of the superior pair. 
The application of the Goniometer, upon some commodious con- 
struction, might very much facilitate the investigation and deter- 
mination of species, by ascertaining the precise angle subtended 6 
by the two sides of the spire in univalves. This angle, combined 
with the length and breadth of the shell, and proportionate length 
of the mouth, would, it is conceived, give us a better idea of form 
than we can have by the present mode of description. It is a plan 
we have adopted in describing our marine shells. 
3. H. tridentata.—Shell depressed, spire very little raised, 
brownish or horn color; whorls five, crossed by numerous raised, 
equidistant, acute lines, separated by regular grooves; aperture 
lunate, three toothed ; teeth placed triangularly, one on the pillar 
lip situated diagonally; outer lip abruptly contracting the aper- 
ture, widely reflected and white, furnished with two of the teeth 
resembling projecting angles. Umbilicus moderate. 
Half an inch wide. Inhabits the Middle States. Plate 2, fig. 1. 
Cochlea parva, umbilicata, tenuiter striata. Tridens sc. in 
triangulo positi, nempe unus ad fundum oris, alter ad columellam, 
tertius ad labrum. Lister, Conch, tab. 92, fig. 92. 
The three curves formed by the two teeth in the outer lip of 
this shell bear considerable resemblance to the ornament often 
placed upon panels in Grothic architecture. It is found under the 
loose moist bark of decaying trees in some plenty. Belongs to the 
genus Polydontes, Montf. 
As many of the compound terms as possible ought to be ban- 
ished from the language of Natural History, we would therefore 
propose that the term outer-lip and pillar-lip be substituted by 
Labrum and Labium; these would be equally expressive, and 
occupy less space in a description. 
4. H. alternata.—Shell somewhat convex, fuscous, varied or 
alternating with pale rays; whorls five, striated across with raised 
equidistant acute lines, forming grooves between them. Aper- 
ture thin and brittle; lip regularly curved, within glossed with 
perlaceous, and when placed before the light, the fuscous lines 
appear sanguineous. Umbilicus large, exhibiting all the volutions. 
Three-fourths of an inch wide. Inhabits the Middle States. 
Plate 1, fig. 2. 
H. radiata, Grmelin’s Ed. of Syst. Nat. p. 3634. 
Cochlea umbilicata, fusca, sive variegata, capillaribus stryis 
leviter exasperata. List. Conch, tab. 70, fig. 69. 
Lister’s figure, which is, without doubt, a representation of this 
species, is referred to in Grmelin as H. Radiata, but we believe 7 
our shell to be a distinct species from that which is found in 
Prance ; we therefore apply a new name. Found under bark of 
dead trees and in moist places, and is not uncommon. In the 
young shell the whorls are less rounded and flattened above, so as 
to form almost an angle with the exterior margin ; the colors are 
altogether paler, and may be described as pale yellow spotted or 
above radiate with reddish brown, and a row of spots interrupted 
from the radii by the immaculate prominent margin. 
5. PI. glaphyra.—Shell very much depressed, thin, fragile, 
pellucid, polished; whorls five, regularly rounded, and with obso- 
lete and irregular wrinkles across them; beneath whitish 5 umbi- 
licus moderate, not exhibiting the volutions. PI. 1, Fig. 3. 
Taken by Mr. G. Ord in his garden in Philadelphia. 
This species and the preceding are referable to the genus Zoni- 
tis, Montf.—a name which is objectionable from its being used in 
Entomology. 
It considerably resembles Helix nitens of Europe, particularly 
in being whitish beneath, and will be properly arranged next that 
species in the systems. 
The following species of Helix and other genera were also de- 
scribed in this paper, but the descriptions and remarks are merely 
a repetition from the Journal of the Academy, vol. i. 
Helix thyroidus. 
“ minuta. 
“ labyrinthica. 
“ hirsuta. 
“ perspectiva. 
“ lineata. 
Polygyra auriculata. 
“ avara. 
“ septemvolva. 
Oligyra orbiculata. 
Succinea campestris. 
“ ovalis. 
Polyphemus glans. 
Pupa Corticaria.—Shell dextral, cylindrical, obtuse at the 
apex : whorls five, not precipitately wrinkled or striate ; aperture 
suborbicular, lip reflected; a single tooth on the pillar lip, near 
the outer angle; inner angle with an angular projection resembling 
a second tooth, sometimes obsolete. 
Length about the tenth of an inch. 
Plate 4, fig. 5.—A, natural size ; C, an enlarged view. 
Very common under the bark of trees, near the earth, and re- 
sembles Turbe muscorum of authors. 8 
No. 2.—Journal of Academy of Natural Sciences, vol. i., p. 15 
et seqq. anno May 1817. 
Succinea ovalis.—Shell suboval, pale yellowish, diaphanous, 
very thin and fragile, with nearly three oblique volutions. Body 
very large; spire small, but little prominent, somewhat obtuse. 
Aperture longitudinally subovate, large. Columella much nar- 
rowed, so as almost to permit the view of the interior apex, from 
the base of the shell. Scarcely any calcareous deposit on the pillar 
lip. Length nine-twentieths of an inch, aperture seven-twentieths. 
Inhabits marshy grounds in shaded situations; common. Col- 
lection of the Academy. 
Animal longer than its shell, furnished with four tentacula, the 
two superior ones longer, cylindrical, supporting the eyes ; inferior 
ones short, conic. Color pale, with minute black points, which 
are assembled into fascia on the sides and fillets on the neck above; 
neck granulate above, a black line passes each side on the neck, 
from the tip of the oculiferous tentacula, gradually disappearing 
under the shell. Front truncate, quadrate. 
When the animal is living, so vitreous is the shell that all the 
markings of its body are plainly discernible ; so that although the 
shell is of a straw color, immaculate, it appears of a dusky hue, 
with a remarkable white, flexuous, longitudinal vitta on the back, 
arising from the suture and terminated about midway to the base, 
often with two or three obsolete white spots near its tip. The 
characters of the inhabitant are widely distinct from the animal of 
the Lymnsea, and are somewhat allied to those of the inhabitants 
of the Helices; it cannot, however, be referred to Helix with 
propriety, as will be evident from the specific description. I have 
for the present considered it as of Draparnaud’s genus Succinea, 
though it somewhat resembles a Bulimus, particularly in its habi- 
tat, being a terrestrial species, and in this respect it differs from 
Succinea. It may perhaps belong to Lamark’s genus Amphibu- 
limus. 
Helix hirsuta.—Shell subglobose, brownish, imperforated, 
covered with short, numerous, rigid hairs ; whorls five, but little 
rounded; suture distinct ; aperture very narrow, almost closed by 
an elongated lamelliform tooth, situated on the pillar lip, and cir- 9 
cularly joined to the outer lip at the base. Outer lip reflected 
back upon the -whorl, and incorporated with it near the base, with 
a deep sinus in the middle. Beneath, one quarter of an inch. 
Lister, Tab. 93, f. 94? 
Inhabits moist places ; common. In the collection of the Aca- 
demy. This species appears to he somewhat allied to H. hispida, 
hut is sufficiently distinct. Bound by Mr. Lardner Yanuxem. 
II. perspectiya.—Shell very much depressed, with about six 
whorls; whorls striated across, with raised, parallel, acute lines, 
forming strongly impressed sulcse between them. Umbilicus very 
large, resembling an inverted spire, in diameter at least equal to 
the breadth of the body whorl, and exhibiting distinctly all the 
votutions. Diameter three quarters of an inch. Found by Mr. 
Lesueur near Lake Erie. 
H. LINEATA.—Shell very much depressed, somewhat discoidal. 
Whorls about four, each longer than broad, with numerous raised, 
parallel, equidistant, regular, revolving lines. Suture impressed. 
Umbilicus very large, diameter at least equal to the breadth of 
the body-whorl, and exhibiting all the volutions distinctly. Aper- 
ture longer than wide, lunate. Diameter three-twentieths of an 
inch, nearly. 
Collection of the Academy. 
Found by Mr. Bobert E. Griffith, near Philadelphia. Some- 
what resembles the last, but is more depressed, and the striae are 
transverse, not longitudinal, as in that shell; the cavity beneath, 
also, though of equal proportional diameter, is not proportionally 
deep. 
H. THYROIDUS.—P. 123 et seqq., October 1817. Shell thin, 
fragile, convex, umbilicate; whorls five, obtusely wrinkled, or 
rather with equidistant, gradually elevated, obtuse lines; ' and 
spirally striate, with minute, impressed lines ; lip widely reflected, 
white and flat before, partially concealing the umbilicus; pillar- 
lip furnished with a very oblique tooth. Breadth four-fifths to 
nine-tenths of an inch. 
This species very much resembles H. albolabris of Nicholson’s 
Encyc., Amer. ed., but is umbilicated, and toothed on the pillar- 
lip. It is much less common. This shell was indicated in the 
American edition of the Enc3Tclopccdia, but its characters were not 
laid down. 10 
II. minuta.—Shell rather thick; spire convex, little elevated, 
with three volutions; suture well defined, impressed; whorls 
obtusely wrinkled across; aperture nearly orbicular; lip much 
thickened, reflected, white, distant from the umbilicus : umbilicus 
large, exhibiting the volutions. Breadth less than one-tenth of 
an inch. Found under the bark of a decaying oak ; is readily dis- 
tinguishable from other species by its small size and conspicuous 
lip- 
II. labyrinthica.—Shell conic, dark reddish brown, body 
lighter 5 whorls five or six, with conspicuous, elevated, equidis- 
tant, obtuse lines across, forming grooves between them; apex 
obtuse, lip reflected, rounded : pillar-lip with a large, lamilliform, 
elongated tooth, which appears to revolve within the shell, parallel 
to the suture; a smaller raised line revolves nearer to the base 
within the shell, but becomes obsolete before it arrives at the 
pillar-lip ; umbilicus rather large. Breadth one-tenth of an inch. 
Found on fungus in decaying wood. This shell is remarkable 
for the two much elevated lines, which revolve within the shell 
upon the penultimate whorl, the upper one larger, and terminating 
at the aperture very conspicuously, and resembling a tooth. 
Genus Polygyra.—Say. 
Journal Acad, vol i. p. 276, anno, May, 1818. 
Shell discoidal, more or less carinated on the upper edge of the 
•whorls, umbilicated ; aperture longer than broad ; lips thickened, 
toothed, or folded and continued, folds concave beneath ; pillar-lip 
raised above the preceding whorl and concave beneath. 
Animal granulated, tentacula four, eyes at the tip of the supe- 
rior tentacula and retractile ; operculum none. 
P. AURICULATA.—Shell beneath, convex; whorls five, a little 
rounded, crossed by numerous raised equidistant lines, forming 
grooves between themspire very little raised; lateral line (ex- 
tending from the outer whorl to the apex,) not convex, but some- 
what concave ; mouth very unequal, lips prominent above, ad- 
pressed to the preceding whorl beneath; pillar lip suddenly re- 
flected, and pressed into the mouth at an acute angle, beneath 
very acutely concave; outer lip a little more prominent in the 
middle, and within the edge protruded into the mouth ; throat 
extremely narrow ; suture near the mouth suddenly reflected from 11 
the preceding whorl, and carinate; umbilicus dilated, very small 
within, and exhibiting a groove on the outer whorl. 
Breadth of the female nearly half an inch, of the male about 
three-tenths. Inhabits Florida. Cabinet of the Academy. This 
curious species we found near St. Augustine, East Florida, in a 
moist situation. They were observed in considerable numbers; 
the color is reddish brown, indistinctly banded with whitish lines, 
sometimes with darker ones, mouth white. 
P. ayara.—Shell covered with numerous short, robust hairs ; 
spire convex3 whorls four, regularly rounded, with hardly elevated 
lines forming grooves, which are much more conspicuous near the 
mouth ; mouth subreniform, two projecting, obtuse teeth on the 
outer lip within, separated by a deep sinus ; outer lip elevated, 
equal, describing two-thirds of a circle ; pillar-lip elevated, broadly 
but not profoundly emarginate, concave beneath, and connected to 
the inner side by an elongated, lamelliform tooth, which is placed 
obliquely on the penultimate whorl, near the middle of the mouth ; 
lips almost equally prominent, continued 3 umbilicus moderate, not 
exhibiting the volutions, no groove on the untimate whorl within it. 
Breadth quarter of an inch. Inhabits Florida. Cabinet of the 
Academy. Animal longer than the breadth of the shell, acute 
behind, above granulated and blackish, beneath, and each side, 
white. 
This we found in the orange groves of Mr. Fatio, on the river 
St. John, East Florida ; it is usually covered wTith a black, earthy 
coat, which is probably retained and collected by the hairs. When 
unencumbered with this vesture, the shell is of a horn color. It 
is by no means so common as the preceding species. 
P. septemvolva.—Shell much depressed, discoidal; spire not 
prominent 3 whorls seven, perfectly lateral, compressed, depressed, 
and marked with conspicuous lines and grooves above, a projecting 
Carina on the upper edge of the body whorl, beneath which the lines 
and grooves are obsolete ; aperture subreniform, not contracted ; 
lips equal, elevated, outer one reflected, regularly rounded so as to 
describe two-thirds of a circle 3 pillar-lip projecting inwards, into 
an angle or tooth, which is concave beneath; beneath the four 
exterior volutions equally prominent, transverse diameters equal 
to those of the upper surface ; umbilicus central, moderate, at- 
tenuated to the apex so as to exhibit the remaining volutions. 12 
Breadth, female, two-fifths—male, three-tenths of an inch. In- 
habits Georgia and East Florida. Cabinet of the Academy. A 
very common shell in many parts of Georgia, particularly the sea 
islands, also in East Florida. We found them numerous under 
the ruins of old Port Picolata on the St. John Biver, and on the 
Oyster-Shell Hammocks, near the sea, and in other situations 
under decaying palmetto logs, roots, &c. 
These shells would have been referred by Linne to the genus 
Helix, but as that genus has been limited by Mr. Lamarlc and 
others, to those shells of which the apertures are broader than 
long, I cannot with propriety, in the present state of Conchology, 
consider them as of that genus. Neither can I refer them to 
either of the genera which have been separated from Helix by 
Messrs. Lamark, Montfort, &c., by the characters which those 
naturalists have given of their genera. They differ from the others 
in having the pillar-lip elevated considerably above the surface of 
the penultimate whorl, so as to be equally prominent with the 
outer lip, with which it forms an uninterrupted continuation, and 
by the concavities beneath the lips, formed by the protrusion of a 
portion of the shell into the aperture. In this last character it 
approaches the genus Caprinus of Mr. Montfort, but differs in 
being umbilicated. 
Succinea campestris.—Shell oval, very fragile ; whorls three, 
not remarkably oblique, pale yellowish, with opaque, white, and 
vitreous lines, irregularly alternating. 
Length not quite three-fifths, breadth seven-twentieths of an inch. 
This shell is extremely common in many parts of the Southern 
States ; it abounds in the sea islands of Georgia in the low, 
marshy grounds behind the sand-hills of the coast, where they are 
destroyed in great numbers by the annual conflagration of the old 
grass. On Amelia Island, East Florida, I found them in great 
plenty on the highest sandy ground of the island. On Cumber- 
land Island, in Mr. Shaw’s garden, I obtained several specimens 
from the leaves of radishes. 
The resemblance between this species and the ovalis is very 
great; it differs, however, in being less elongated, and of a more 
robust form ; the revolution of the spire is much less oblique, the 
shell itself is thicker and less fragile. 
Animal whitish 3 eyes, inferior tentacula, and a line passing 13 
from the eyes, disappearing under the shell, black ; a gamboge 
colored vitta is visible through that part of the shell which is 
opposed to the mouth. 
Polyphemus glans.—This shell furnished De Montfort with 
the type of his genus Polyphemus; he refers to Bruquiere as 
the first describer of it, under the name of Bulimus glans in the 
Encycl. Method. The animal has not been described, but we are 
informed that it lives in the immense marshes, formed by the over- 
flow of the great rivers that water the vast country of Louisiana. 
In the sea islands of Georgia, we found them numerous in the 
marshy districts immediately behind the sand-hills of the coast, in 
Florida in similar situations, and also on the Oyster-Shell Ham- 
mocks, and generally in such situations as are tenanted by Succinea 
campestris. The color of the shell on the spire is chestnut brown, 
which gradually and very perceptibly becomes paler to the aper- 
ture ; aperture occupying about half the length of the shell. On 
elevated situations they are small, almost transparent, and of a 
fragile consistence. It is only in low, marshy situations that they 
attain their greatest size. 
Length two inches and two-fifths, breadth one inch nearly. 
Animal elongated, as long again as the shell, granulated, tenta- 
cula four, superior ones oculiferous, abruptly deflected at tip, be- 
yond the eyes ; inferior ones much shorter and deflected at tip ; 
lips beneath the tentacula elongated, palpiform, almost as long as 
the superior tentacula, retractile, generally more or less recurved, 
compressed, attenuated, and acute at tip, and forming a considera- 
ble interval between their prominent bases. 
When the animal is in motion, the elongated lips are used as 
tentacula to feel the way. 
Genus Olygyra. 
Shell rounded; aperture longer than broad, semiorbicular, 
emarginated by a projoction of the penultimate whorl; external 
lip reflected; pillar-lip with obsolete calcareous deposit; umbilicus 
none ; columella slightly angulated at base. 
Animal terrestrial, operculated ; tentacula two, filiform ; eyes 
prominent, placed at the external base of the tentacula ; rostrum 
bilabiated at tip, shorter than the tentacula; foot simple. 
0. oebiculata.—Shell subglobular ; spire not prominent, but 14 
more than convex; lateral line somewhat convex ; whorls five, 
obsoletely striated across, regularly rounded ; color pale greenish, 
yellowish, or slightly tinted with reddish, particularly on the body, 
and margined above by an obsolete white line; on the middle of 
the body a white vitta revolves, sometimes obscure or wanting ; 
aperture acute above, regularly rounded at the base, and extend- 
ing from the centre of revolution or base of the column to an 
equidistance between the base and the apex of the spire ; base of 
the columellar slightly projecting into an obtuse angle ; exterior 
lip whitish, reflected. 
Length one-fifth of an inch. Inhabits East Florida. Cabinet 
of the Academy. Animal pale ; rostrum and tentacula blackish, 
the latter with a white line ; eyes very black, elevated in the form 
of a short tubercle; length about equal to the breadth of the 
shell; foot not broader than the body; tail rounded, or somewhat 
acute; operculum simple, not spiral, yellowish brown, minutely 
granulated. 
This species we found in great numbers on what are called 
Oyster-Shell Hammocks, near the mouth of the river St. John, 
East Florida, in company with Polygyra- septemvolva. When in 
motion the tentacula are elevated and depressed alternately, as if 
feeling the way. 
This shell is certainly a Linnman Helix, but according to the 
improvements which have been made in Conchology since the time 
of the Swedish naturalist, by Mr. Lamark and other systematists, 
it is at once excluded from that genus and its congeners, by hav- 
ing but two tentacula, and by its operculated aperture. With the 
genus Cyclostoma, as it now stands, our shell has more affinity 
than it has to any other, but a very distinct generic character is 
observable in the aperture, which is not orbicular as in Cyclostoma, 
but is almost semi-orbicular, greater in length than in breadth, and 
the lips widely disunited. In addition to the characters usually 
given of the animal of Cyclostoma, Mr. Cuvier remarks that the 
tentacula are terminated by obtuse tubercles; no such appendages 
are annexed to the corresponding members of this animal. Upon 
these considerations I have thought proper to construct the present 
genus. 15 
Helix moltilineata.—Shell thin, convex, imperforated ; of a 
brown color, with numerous dark red, revolving lines, which are 
minutely and irregularly undulated; whorls six, with elevated, 
subequidistant lines, forming grooves between them; aperture 
lunated, not angulated at the base of the column, but obtusely 
curved; labrum contracting the mouth slightly, reflected, 
white, more or less distinctly stained by the termination of the 
spiral red lines, and adpressed to the body whorl near the base; 
umbilicus covered with a white callus. 
Inhabits Illinois and Missouri. Length of the columella about 
three-fifths, greatest width rather more than one inch. 
Animal granulated, granulse large, whitish, interstices blackish 5 
foot, beneath, black. 
An exceedingly numerous species in the moist forests on the 
margin of Mississippi near the Ohio, and the Missouri as far as 
Council Bluff. The red revolving lines are numerous, varying 
from four or five to twenty-five or thirty and perhaps still more ; 
they are sometime confluent into bands ; when viewed within the 
mouth they appear sanguineous. 
H. ArPRESSA.—Shell depressed, brownish horn color; whorls 
five, depressed, forming an angle on the external one, more acute 
near the superior angle of the labrum, with numerous transverse, 
elevated, equidistant lines, with interstitial grooves ; umbilicus 
covered over with calcareous matter, but concave within; aperture 
moderate; labrum dilated, reflected, white, margined with brownish ; 
near the base, appressed to the body whorl, and covering the um- 
bilicus ; a slight projecting, dentiform angle on the inner middle; 
labrum ivith a strong, prominent, oblique, compressed, white tooth, 
which gradually slopes and becomes obsolete towards the um- 
bilicus. 
Yar. a.—Labrum with twro projecting angles. Breadth three- 
fifths of an inch. 
Animal—foot pale ; neck above and each side blackish. In- 
habits the banks of the Missouri and Ohio. 
This species is very common on the banks of the Ohio below 
Galiopolis; I also found it near Council Bluff. It very much re- 
sembles H. tridentatay but the umbilicus is covered over ; the 
outer lip at base is flattened upon the shell; and there is but a 
Jour. Acad, vol ii. p. 150, anno, January, 1821. 16 
single angle upon it. In Lister’s Conch, pi. 93, fig. 93, is the 
representation of a shell, which is most probably intended for this 
species. Lister’s figure is quoted in the books for H. punctata, 
but as the figure of a different species, (Born. Mus. pi. 14, fig. IT 
and 18,) is also referred to as the same, I conclude that two dis- 
tinct species have been confounded together under the common 
name of punctata- certainly the character from which this name 
was taken is never present on our shell. Specimens have been sub- 
sequently found by Dr. Thomas McEuen near the Falls of 
Niagara. 
H. palliata.—Shell depressed, with elevated lines, forming 
grooves betweeen them; epidermis fuscous, rugose with very 
numerous minute tuberculous acute prominences; volutions five, 
depressed above, beneath rounded, forming an obtuse angle ex- 
teriorly, which is more acute near the termination of the labrum ; 
umbilicus covered with a white callus ; aperture contracted by the 
labrum; labrum widely reflected, white, two profound, obtuse 
sinuses on the inner side above the middle, forming a prominent 
distinct tooth between them, and a projecting angle near the mid- 
dle of the lip ; labium with a large, prominent, white tooth, 
placed perpendicularly to the whorl, and obliquely to the axis of 
the shell, and nearly attaining the umbilical callus. 
Inhabits Illinois. Length of the column seven-twentieths of an 
inch. Greatest breadth, four-fifths of an inch. 
Var. a.—A very prominent acute carina ; destitute of minute 
prominences. Inhabits Ohio. Breadth nearly one inch. 
This shell is found on the banks of the Mississippi in moist 
places. It very much resembles H. tridentata, but is destitute of 
umbilicus, has a rugose epidermis, and is much larger. It is still 
more closely allied to appressa, but its superior magnitude, teeth 
and epidermal vesture distinguish it from that species. Specimens 
have subsequently been found by Dr. Thomas McEuen near the 
Falls of Niagara. 
H. inflecta.—Spire convex ; volutions five, wrinkled across ; 
suture not profoundly impressed ; aperture straight; labrum re- 
flected, bidentate, teeth separated by a profound sinus, the supe- 
rior tooth inflected; behind the lip a profound groove, which 
abruptly contracts the aperture in that part, so that although the 
lip is reflected, yet its edge is not more prominent than the general 17 
exterior surface of the body whorl; at base the lip is adpressed 
and covers the umbilicus ; labrum with a large, prominent, oblique, 
lamelliform tooth ; umbilicus closed. 
Greatest transverse diameter nearly nine-twentieths of an inch. 
Inhabits lower Missouri. 
The teeth of the labrum somewhat resemble those of tridentata; 
but in the form of the groove behind the labrum, and the pillar- 
tooth, it resembles H. hirsuta. Several specimens were found, but 
all dead shells, and destitute of their epidermis. 
H. clausa.—Shell fragile, slightly perforated, subglobular, 
yellowish horn color, above convex; whorls four or five ; aperture 
slightly contracted by the lip ; lip reflected, flat, white, nearly 
covering the umbilicus. 
Inhabits Illinois. Greatest breadth from one half to three-fifths 
of an inch. 
A small and handsome species, which somewhat resembles albo- 
labris, but is much smaller, more rounded, and is subumbilicate. 
This shell also occurs, though, perhaps rarely, in Pennsylvania. 
II. obstricta.—Shell depressed, with elevated lines forming 
grooves between them ; epidermis pale brownish, naked ; volutions 
five, depressed above, beneath rounded, with an acute, projecting 
carina ; umbilicus covered with a white callus, indented; mouth 
resembling that of H. palliata. 
Inhabits Ohio. Breadth nearly one inch. 
This species is very closely allied to Helix palliata, but the 
epidermis is not covered with small elevations as in that shell, and 
the carina is very prominent and remarkable. 
II. elevata.—Shell pale horn color, spire elevated ; whorls 
.seven, regularly rounded ; umbilicus none; aperture somewhat 
angulated ; labrum dilated, reflected, pure white, at base adpressed 
to the body whorl, abruptly narrowed on the inner edge beneath 
the piiddle, and continuing thus narrowed to the superior termina- 
tion, leaving a projecting angle behind the middle ; labium with a 
large, robust, very oblique, subarquated, pure white tooth. 
Greatest breadth seven-eighths of an inch. Column nine-six- 
teenths of an inch. 
Found rather common in the vicinity of Cincinnati, Ohio. It 
seems to be distantly related to thyroidus by the tooth on the 
labium, but this tooth is much more robust; it differs much more 18 
•essentially by the much more elevated spire, and by the superior 
half of the dilated lip being abruptly narrowed so as to form a 
prominent angle near the middle. It is also a much thicker shell. 
II. interna.—Shell yellowish red ; volutions six or eight; 
whorls with regular, equidistant, elevated, obtuse lines across 
them, separated by regular grooves; lines obsolete beneath; spire 
convex, little elevated ; aperture very straight, transverse, less 
than one half of the longitudinal diameter; labrum not reflected ; 
within, upon the side of the labrum, two prominent, lamelliform 
teeth, of which the superior one is largest, and neither of them 
attain the edge of the lip; region of the base of the columella 
much indented ; umbilicus obsolete or wanting. 
Transverse diameter more than three-tenths. Height of the 
columella about three-twentieths of an inch. Inhabits Lower Mis- 
souri. 
Of two specimens which I obtained, the larger one had six 
volutions, and the smaller one had eight; the superior tooth in the 
larger one was concave towards the base of the shell. It is a 
remarkable and very distinct species. 
H. CHERSINA—Shell subglobose-conic, pale yellowish white, 
pellucid, convex beneath; volutions about six, wrinkles not dis- 
tinct; spire convex-elevated; suture moderate; body whorl 
slightly carinated on the middle; mouth nearly transverse, un- 
armed, the two extremities nearly equal ; labrum simple : umbilicus 
none. 
Inhabits the Sea Islands of Georgia. Breadth one-tenth of an 
inch. Cabinet of the Academy. 
A very small species. But one specimen occurred in a cotton 
field. It is rather larger than II. labyrinthica. 
II. GULARIS.—Shell subglobose, pale yellowish horn color; 
polished, pellucid,beneath near the aperture whitish-yellow opake; 
volutions six or seven, with prominent, somewhat regular wrinkles; 
spire convex, a little elevated ; suture moderate ; labrum not re- 
flected ; throat far within upon the side of the labrum, bidentate ; 
teeth lamelliform, of which one is oblique and placed near the 
middle, and the other less elongated, placed near the base ; um- 
bilicus none. 
Breadth more than one-fourth of an inch. Inhabits Ohio and 
Pennsylvania. 19 
In general form it resembles H. ligera, but may be distinguished 
by the absence of umbilicus, and, upon particular examination, by 
the teeth, which are situated far within the aperture. In the col- 
lection of the Academy. 
H. ligera. Shell subglobose, pale yellowish horn color, 
polished; body whorl pellucid, yellowish white, opake beneath 
near the aperture; volutions rather more than six, all except the 
apicial one, wrinkled across; spire convex, a little elevated ; um- 
bilicus very small; suture not deeply impressed; labrum not 
reflected. 
Inhabits Missouri. Greatest length three-tenths, oblique length 
less than nine-twentieths, transverse diameter less than eleven- 
twentieths. 
Approaches nearest to H. glaphyra, but is readily distinguished 
by the greater convexity of the spire, and the smaller umbilicus. 
Bather common. In Lister’s Conch, on pi. 81, fig. 82, a shell is 
represented which may be intended for this species. 
LI. solitaria.—Shell subglobose, with two or three revolving, 
rufous lines ; spire conico-convex ; volutions five and a half, wrin- 
kled across and rounded ; suture rather deeply impressed ; aper- 
ture wide, embracing a rather small portion of the penultimate 
whorl; labrum not reflected; umbilicus large, distinctly exhibit- 
ing all the volutions to the apex. 
Greatest transverse diameter nearly one and one-fifth of an inch. 
Inhabits lower Missouri. 
But a single specimen was found ; it was a dead shell, destitute 
of its epidermis. It is a very distinct species. 
IL. jejuna.—Shell subglobular, glabrous, pale reddish brown ; 
volutions five, slightly wrinkled, regularly rounded; spire con- 
vex ; suture rather deeply impressed; aperture dilate lunate; 
labrum a little incrassated within, not reflected ; umbilicus open, 
small. 
Breadth rather more than one-fifth of an inch. Inhabits the 
Southern States. 
Animal—light reddish brown, with a granular surface, longer 
than the breadth of the shell; oculiferous tentacula elongated, and 
rather darker than the body. 
This shell is very closely allied to H. sericea of Southern 
Europe, but it differs from that species in being destitute of the 20 
hirsute vesture. I found several specimens of jejuna, during an 
excursion some time since into East Florida, at the Cow Fort on 
St. John River. It is in the collection of the Academy. 
H. concaya.—Shell much depressed, suborbicular, horn color, 
or whitish, immaculate ; volutions five, irregularly wrinkled across, 
more convex beneath; suture distinctly impressed: umbilicus 
very large, exhibiting all the volutions to the summit distinctly; 
aperture large, short; labrum towards the base very slightly and 
inconspicuously reflected. 
Inhabits Illinois and Missouri. Greatest width seven-tenths of 
an inch. 
Found in moist places near the Mississippi River, on the Mis- 
souri as high as Council Blufi', and on the Sea Islands of Georgia. 
It is a much depressed shell. 
H. dealbata.—Shell conical, oblong, thin and fragile, some- 
what ventricose ; volution 6-7, wrinkled across, wrinkles more 
profound and acute on the spire; spire elevated, longer than the 
aperture, sub-acute; aperture longer than wide, labrum not re- 
flected ; umbilicus small and profound. 
Length more than three-fourths of an inch, breadth nine-twen- 
tieths of an inch. In the Cabinet of the Academy and Philadel- 
phia Museum. Inhabits Missouri and Alabama. 
In outline it resembles a Bulimus. Four specimens of this 
species were sent to the Academy from Alabama, by Mr. Samuel 
Hazard ; and a single depauperated specimen was found by myself 
on the banks of the Missouri. 
H. profunda.—Shell pale horn color; spire convex, very little 
elevated; whorls five, regularly rounded, and wrinkled trans- 
versely ; body whorl wdth a single revolving rufous line, which is 
almost concealed on the spire by the suture, but which passes for 
a short distance above the aperture ; aperture dilated; labrum 
reflected, white, and excepting near the superior angle, flat; a 
slightly projecting callus near the base, on the inner edge; um- 
bilicus large, profound, exhibiting all the volutions to the apex. 
Transverse diameter nineteen-twentieths of an inch. 
Var. a.—Multilineated with rufous. Var. b., rufous line obso- 
lete. Inhabits Ohio, Mississippi and Missouri banks. 
A pretty shell, neatly ornamented with the rufous zone ; the 
spire is very much depressed. Specimens occurred near Cincin- 21 
nati oil the Ohio, and at Engineer Cantonment at Council duff, 
on the Missouri. 
Besides the above species, I have observed in the western 
regions the following known species, which I described in the 
American edition of Nicholson’s Encyclopaedia, and in the Journal 
of the Academy. 
H. albolabris.—Common as far as Council Bluff. 
H. thyroidus.—On the banks of the Ohio, Mississippi and 
Missouri. The animal is of a pale whitish or yellowish color, 
immaculate. 
H. alternata.—On the banks of the Ohio, Mississippi and 
Missouri Rivers ; this species varies in being somewhat larger, and 
in having a rather more elevated spire. The animal is of a dirty 
yellowish orange color. The foot obtusely terminated behind, 
head and tentacula pale bluish, eyes blackish. Shell nine-tenths 
of an inch in breadth. 
H. hirsuta.—Common as far as Council Bluff. 
H. LABYRINTHICA. “ “ “ 
H. MINUTA. “ “ “ 
H. perspectiya.—Occasionally occurs on the banks of the 
Missouri, and other western streams, and in some parts com- 
mon. 
Polygyra plicata.—Shell convex beneath, depressed above, 
spire slightly elevated ; whorls five, compressed, crossed by nu- 
merous raised, equidistant lines, which form grooves between 
them ; aperture subreniform, labrum reflected, regularly arquated 
describing two-thirds of a circle ; within two-toothed, teeth not 
separated by a remarkable sinus; labrum with a profound dupli- 
cature, which terminates in an acute angle at the centre of the 
aperture ; beneath exhibiting only two volutions, of which the 
external one is slightly grooved near the suture. 
Inhabits Alabama. Breadth one-fourth of an inch. Cabinet of 
Academy. 
This species is about the same size as P. avara, but, besides 
other characters, it is sufficiently distinguished by the acute fold 
of the labrum. It was sent to the Academy by Mr. Samuel 
Hazard. 
Pupa armifera.—Shell dextral; oblong oval, or somewhat 22 
obtusely fusiform ; suture distinct; whorls six, obsoletely wrin- 
kled ; aperture longitudinally subovate ; exterior lip reflected, but 
not flattened, interrupted above by the penultimate whorl, and 
with five teeth, of which the superior one, and that which precedes 
the basal one, are smallest; labrum with an undulated lamelliform 
tooth, its anterior extremity little elevated, but elongated so as 
almost to join the superior extremity of the exterior lip. 
Length three-twentieths of an inch. Inhabits Upper Missouri. 
Var. a.—The two smaller teeth obsolete or wanting. Yar. b.— 
The basal tooth obsolete or wanting. 
Yery distinct from corticaria, it being a much larger and pro- 
portionally more dilated shell; and with that species and the next 
seems to belong more properly to the genus caryckium of Muller 
and Ferussac. 
P. rupicola.—Shell dextral, attenuated to an obtuse apex, 
white; whorls six, glabrous ; suture deeply impressed; labrum 
bidentate ; superior tooth lamiform, emarginate in the middle, and 
at the anterior tip obtusely uniting with the superior termination of 
the labium; inferior tooth placed upon the columella, and extend- 
ing nearly at a right angle with the preceding ; labrum tridentate, 
teeth placed somewhat alternately with those of the labium, infe- 
rior tooth situated at the base and immediately beneath the inferior 
tooth of the labium. 
Length about one-tenth of an inch. Inhabits East Florida. 
I formerly found it abundant on the banks of St. John River, 
in East Florida, and more particularly under the ruins of Fort 
Picolata, under stones, &c. 
It is about the size of P. corticaria, and considerably resembles 
that species, but is sufficiently distinguished by the circumstance 
of its gradually decreasing in diameter from the body whorl, to its 
obtuse tip ; and, in the character of the mouth, it is widely dis- 
tinct. 
Succinea oyalis.—(Jour. Acad. Nat. Sc. vol. i. p. 15.) A 
large variety of this species is found very common on the Missouri, 
of the length of about four-fifths of an inch; I observed one speci- 
men which was upwards of an inch long. 
Cyclostoma marginata.—Shell turreted, pale horn color, or 
dusky, obsoletely wrinkled across; suture rather deeply impressed ; 
volutions six; aperture rnutic, suboval, truncated transversely 23 
above by the penultimate whorls, nearly one-third the length of 
the shell ; labium nearly transverse, color of the exterior part of 
the shell; labium equally and widely reflected, thick, white, um- 
bilicus distinct. 
Inhabits Upper Missouri. Length one-fifth of an inch. 
Size of Paludina lapidaria. Lister represents a species on plate 
22, fig. 19, which, although rather larger, may possibly be intended 
for this species 3 he denominates it “ Buccinum exigium, rufum, 
quinq orbium.” This shell does not perfectly correspond in 
character with Cyclostoma 5 it is most probably a Pupa, and if so, 
the specific name must be changed, as the present name is pre- 
occupied in that genus. 
Helix irrorata.—Shell imperforate, depressed, subglobular, 
pale reddish brown, with very numerous small white spots, and 
about four deeper brown obsolete bands 3 whorls rounded, nearly 
five in number, wrinkles obsolete on the body whorl, more distinct 
on the spire ; spire depressed, convex ; suture declining much 
near the mouth ; aperture on the side of the labrum, within some- 
what livid ; labrum reflected but not flattened, and not abruptly 
contracting the aperture, white before and yellowish behind 3 near 
the junction with the columella is a callus, which does not rise into 
an angle. 
Length from the apex to the base of the columella, three-fifths 
of an inch nearly. Greatest breadth one and one-tenth of an inch. 
Inhabits Northumberland county, Pennsylvania. Cabinet of Mr. 
William Hyde. 
This species may be compared with the H. lactea, Muller and 
Ferussac ; the spire is rather more prominent, the white spots, or 
rather abbreviated lines are similar in form, size and number, but 
its labrum preserves the same color with the exterior of the shell, 
and the livid tint of the inner portion of the body whorl is very 
pale ; the posterior face of the reflected labrum is immaculate, and 
its callus base is not angulated ; the aperture is much less wide 
than that of lactea; and in Mr. Hyde’s specimen, a small fissure 
remains near the umbilicus. It still more closely resembles a 
variety of a shell which inhabits the Island of Candia, but that 
Journal of the Academy. Vol. ii., page 370, anno, June, 1822. 24 
species has always a white base, beiug immaculate beneath the 
inferior band. 
H. inornata.—Shell subglobose, pale yellowish horn color, 
polished; whorls five, rounded, wrinkled; spire convex; suture 
not deeply impressed; umbilicus small, profound ; aperture wide, 
at the junction of the labia with the penultimate whorl shorter 
than the width of the mouth ; labrum simple. 
Inhabits Pennsylvania. Greatest width less than seven-tenths 
of an inch. 
This species has a strong resemblance to H. ligera, but in addi- 
tion to its superior magnitude, its aperture is proportionally wider, 
a character which of course gives the whorls a greater breadth; 
the whorls are also fewer in number, and the distance between the 
terminations of the lips is very perceptibly less than the width of 
the aperture, the reverse of which obtains in the ligera. 
II. indentata.—Shell depressed, pellucid, highly polished ; 
whorls four, with regular, distant, subequidistant, impressed lines 
across, of which there are about twenty-eight to the body whorl, 
all extending to the base ; suture not deeply indented; aperture 
rather large ; labrum simple, terminating at its inferior extremity 
at the centre of the base of the shell; umbilicus none, but the 
umbilical region is deeply indented. 
Greatest breadth one-fifth of an inch. Animal blued-black, 
immaculate. 
My cabinet and that of Mr. Wm. Hyde. Several specimens 
occurred at Harrigate, the country residence of my friend Mr. 
Jacob Gilliams, adhering to stones and logs in moist places. Mr. 
Hyde obtained many individuals in New Jersey. It may readily 
be mistaken for H. arborea, but it is destitute of the umbilicus, 
instead of which there is an indented centre to the base, in which 
the labrum terminates. The spire is very much depressed, and 
the surface prettily radiated by distant impressed lines, the inter- 
stices being perfectly smooth. 
H. lineata.— (Yol. i., p. 18.) On examination of several in- 
dividuals of this species, I have ascertained that a character exists 
in this species that was altogether wanting in the specimen from 
which I drew out the description published in the first volume of 
this work. As the shell is somewhat translucent, two pairs of 
white teeth, remote from each other, may be observed through the 25 
body whorl of the shell. One pair of these teeth is placed in the 
throat, so near to the labrum as readily to be seen by looking in 
at the aperture. These teeth are nearly equidistant from each 
other, and from the extremities of the labrum. The other pair is 
placed so far within the shell as not to be seen at all from the 
aperture. 
I found several specimens in a humid situation at Harrigate. 
Bolimus mutilatus.—Shell turriculated, pale reddish brown; 
whorls four, longitudinally striated with irregular elevated lines 
or wrinkles, which are a little more prominent near the sutures ; 
suture not deeply indented; apex widely truncated; labrum 
whitish, destitute of calcareous deposit; body whorl more than 
double the width of the truncated apex: spire one and a half 
times longer than the aperture. Length less than one inch; width 
less than half an inch; length of the aperture two-fifths of an 
inch. 
Inhabits South Carolina, about Charleston. 
This curious shell is the first and only species of the genus 
Bulimus, native of the United States, that I have yet seen. I am 
indebted for it to the researches of Mr. Stephen Elliott, of 
Charleston, who informs me that it is there found in gardens. In 
the truncated form of the apex of the spire, this species resembles 
the decollatei, consolidata, truncata, and Pupa torticollis, &c., but 
it is sufficiently distinct from the former, to which it is more 
closely allied than to the others, by its less cylindrical and more 
conic form, being much more robust in its figure and less elongated; 
the aperture is consequently wider, and forms a greater proportion 
of the total length. It does not change to an opake white after 
the death of the animal, as the decollata generally does. 
Pupa contracta.—Shell dextral, short, subovate, white ; apex 
obtuse; whorls five; umbilicus distinct; aperture regularly 
orbicular, complete, the lamina of the labium being elevated 
above the surface of the preceding whorl, and joining the extremi- 
ties of the labia ; labium with a large, elongated, prominent tooth, 
which is concave on the side towards the labrum; labrum 
bidentate, a large tooth or fold far within the throat, caused by 
the fold of the umbilicus; throat much contracted by the large 
tooth of the labrum into the form of a liorse-shoe. 
Total length less than one-tenth of an inch. Inhabits Virginia. 26 
This is a short, wide species, sufficiently distinct from others, 
and readily distinguished by the lamina of the labrum being much 
elevated, and by the magnitude of the tooth of the labium. I 
obtained two specimens at Occoquan, under a pile of bricks and 
rubbish. This species probably belongs to the genus Carychium. 
P. EXIGUA.—Shell dextral, tapering, oblong, with minute 
grooved lines; apex obtuse; whorls five; suture deeply impressed ; 
labium bidentate, superior tooth situate rather beneath the middle 
of the lip, inferior tooth small, placed on the columella; labrum 
mutic, reflected, but not flattened ; umbilicus distinct. 
Length more than one-twentieth of an inch. 
This is the smallest species that I have seen. Numerous speci- 
mens of it were found near this city by Mr. William Hyde, and I 
have obtained many at Harrigate. Its aperture resembles that of 
Pupa (Carychium) corticaria, but the superior tooth of the labium 
of that shell is situate much nearer to the superior termination of 
the labrum than the corresponding tooth of this diminutive species. 
It is probably a Carychium. 
Genus Vertigo—Muller and Ferussac. 
P. (vertigo) ovata.—Shell dextral, subovate, brown; apex 
obtuse ; whorls five, glabrous ; suture not very deeply impressed ; 
body whorl indented near and upon the labrum; aperture semi- 
oval ; labium five-toothed, of which three are situate on the trans- 
verse portion of the lip, parallel to each other, equidistant, the 
superior and inferior ones being small, the latter sometimes 
obsolete, the intermediate one lamelliform, prominent, and the two 
others situate on the columella, approximate, extending at right 
angles to the three preceding ones, the superior one oblique and 
smaller; labrum reflected, but not flattened, bidentate, teeth 
lamelliform, prominent • umbilicus distinct. 
Length less than one-tenth of an inch. Breadth nearly one- 
twentieth of an inch. 
Animal—tentacula two, rather long and thick, cylindrical- 
obconic, retractile, with a rounded oculiferous extremity j foot 
white; head and neck, as far as the mantle, black. 
Inhabits Pennsylvania Numerous specimens were discovered 
by Mr. William Hyde in the vicinity of this city, and I obtained 27 
others at Harrigate. The smallest teeth of the labium are some- 
times obsolete. 
V. pentodon.—Shell dextral, subovate, whitish horn color; 
apex obtuse, whorls five, glabrous, convex; suture not very deeply 
impressed; aperture semioval; labium two-toothed, of which a 
single very prominent one is on the middle of the transverse por- 
tion or true labium, and the other is remote, much smaller, and 
placed in the basal angle of the columella: labrum regularly 
arquated, tridentate, tooth nearest the base very small, and placed 
near the smaller tooth of the columella, the two others larger, 
subequal; umbilicus distinct. 
Length less than one-tenth of an inch. 
Animal—tentacula two, rather long and thick, cylindrical 
obconic, retractile, with a rounded oculiferous extremity; two 
hardly elevated truncated tubercles instead of the anterior tenta- 
cula : foot white; head and neck, as far as the mantle, black. 
Inhabits Pennsylvania. The lower tooth of the labrum is some- 
times obsolete. 
Melampus obliquus.—Obconic, reddish brown, rather thick ; 
spire very little elevated ; -whorls eight or nine, wrinkled across; 
labium with two very distinct teeth, and an intermediate and 
equidistant slight obtuse prominence ; inferior tooth very oblique, 
terminating at the base; labrum with about eight teeth or strke, 
which terminate on the margin; base of the aperture a little 
contracted by the basal tooth. 
Length more than seven-twentieths of an inch. I am indebted 
to Mr. Stephen Elliott for this species, who obtained it on the 
coast of South Carolina. It is closely allied to Bulimus monile, 
Brug., but it has no appearance of bands, which distinguish that 
shell. In the collection of the Academy are specimens from the 
West Indies. 
Helix eallax.—Spire convex ; volutions five, -with elevated 
lines forming grooves between them; labrum reflected, contracting 
the aperture, bidentate; teeth separated by a profound sinus; 
superior tooth inflected into the mouth ; inferior tooth situated 
near the base; labrum with a large, prominent, oblique, lamelliform 
In the Journal of the Academy, vol. v., page 119, et seqq., anno, 1825. 28 
tooth, curving downwards so as nearly to reach the termination of 
the labrum; umbilicus open, exhibiting the volutions. 
Greatest transverse diameter nine-twentieths of an inch. 
This resembles the tridentata, Nob., but the upper tooth of the 
labrum is much inflected, the spire is more elevated, and the size 
is less considerablein the former character it coincides with H. 
injlecta, Nob., but that shell has the umbilicus closed. 
Presented to the Academy by Messrs. Hyde and Mason, who 
found it in the vicinity of Philadelphia, where it is not uncommon. 
Since the above was written, I received a specimen from Mr. 
Stephen Elliott, of South Carolina, fully equal in size to the 
tridentata. 
H. egena.—Shell convex, polished ; whorls five, not distinctly 
wrinkled, rounded 5 aperture rather narrow, transverse ; labrum 
simple, at its inferior extremity terminating at the centre of the 
base of the shell; umbilicus none, but the umbilical region deeply 
indented. 
Breadth more than one-tenth of an inch. 
This shell was found by Mr. John S. Phillips on the banks of 
the Delaware Biver, about ten miles from Philadelphia. It is 
much more elevated and not so broad as H. arborea, Nobis.; the 
aperture also is of a different shape. It is much broader than the 
H. chersina, Nob. 
Bulimus multilineatus.—Shell conic, not very obviously 
wrinkled ; whorls not very convex, yellowish white, with trans- 
verse entire reddish brown lines ; a blackish subsutural revolving 
line; suture not deeply indented, lineolar; apex blackish; 
umbilicus small, surrounded by a broad blackish line; columella 
whitish ; labrum simple, blackish. 
Length less than seven-tenths of an inch. Greatest breadth 
less than seven-twentieths of an inch. This species was found by 
Mr. Titian Peale on the southern part of East Florida. 
Pupa fallax.—Shell turreted, pale horn color; wrinkles 
rather obtuse, hardly prominent; suture rather deeply impressed; 
volutions nearly seven, a little convex ; apex somewhat obtuse; 
aperture unarmed, suboval, truncated above by the penultimate 
whorl, less than one-tliird the whole length of the shell; labrum 
nearly transverse, color of the exterior part of the shell; colum- 
ella reflected, rectilinear, longitudinal, forming an obvious though 29 
a rounded angle with the labrum and the labium : labrum hardly 
refleeted ; umbilicus narrow. 
Length more than three-tenths of an inch. For this species I 
am indebted to I)r. T. W. Harris, of Milton, Massachusetts. 
It closely resembles P. marginata, Nob., but is much larger, and 
the labrum is not widely reflected. When viewed in front it has a 
reflected appearance, but the opposite view presents only a very 
limited excurvature. 
Aciiatina solida.—Shell conic, rather elongated, nearly 
smooth, or with distant wrinkles, polished, yellowish, paler 
towards the apex, which is white ; rather ponderous ; whorls 
about seven; spire prominent; mouth rather small; labrum on its 
inner submargin thickened: columella hardly truncated, with a 
somewhat prominent ridge on the inner side near the base. 
Length two and a half inches. This species was found by Mr. 
Titian Peale in the southern part of East Florida, where he also 
obtained the A. flammigera, Fer., and vexillum, Humph., or their 
analogues, in plenty. In outline it bears some resemblance to 
Lister’s fig. 9, of plate 14, but is much smaller. It appears to be 
rare, but one specimen having been brought home by Mr. Peale. 
Cyclostoma dentatum.—Shell conic, cylindric, truncate at 
tip ; whorls three or four, slightly convex, cancellate, with fine, 
regular, subequal, longitudinal, and transverse elevated lines; 
superior edge fimbriated, with prominences extending over the 
suture ; one or more rufous revolving lines, sometimes obsolete ; 
labrum somewhat reflected, white ; umbilicus distinct. 
Length less than one-half inch. 
For this species we are indebted to the researches of Mr. T. 
Peale in Florida. It is the only true species of Cyclostoma yet 
found within the limits of the Union. This species is somewhat 
like the Turbo crenatus, Linn., but that shell is not said to be 
truncated at tip, and has a keeled base. 
No. 3.—In the Appendix to Long’f Second Expedition to the St. Peter’s River, the fol- 
lowing species were described, anno, 1824. 
Helix harpa.—Shell conic, reddish brown ; whorls four, 
convex, with numerous elevated, subequidistant, equal, lamelli- 
form, acute lines across, the interstitial spaces flat and wrinkled ; 
aperture suborbicular, truncated by the penultimate whorl, and 30 
very little oblique 3 labrum simple ; umbilicus small, nearly con- 
cealed by the base of the labrum. 
Length rather more than one-tenth of an inch. Inhabits the 
North-west Territory. 
The elevated lines on this shell give it a very handsome appear- 
ance, and readily distinguish it from any of our native species 
that I have seen. The European analogue is the aculeata of 
Muller, but our shell is destitute of recurved points on the lamel- 
liform lines. PI. 15, f. 1. 
H. porcina.—Shell depressed, yellowish brown; epidermis 
rugose, with minute, very numerous bristles ; whorls rather more 
than four, depressed above, beneath rounded, forming a very 
obtuse angle rather above the centre of the whorl; umbilicus 
open, rather small, profound ; labrum simple. 
Breadth rather more than three-tenths of an inch. Inhabits 
North-west Territory. PI. 15, f. 2. 
H. fraterna.—Shell convex, brownish horn color, minutely 
hirsute; whorls five, rounded ; umbilicus partially or entirely 
closed by the termination of the labrum ; region of the umbilicus 
indented; aperture much contracted by the labrum; labrum 
reflected, white, unarmed ; its outer edge not projecting beyond 
the curve of the whorl 3 its inferior angle extends to the centre of 
the base of the shell; labium with a strong, prominent, com- 
pressed, white tooth. 
Breadth one-third of an inch. Inhabits Pennsylvania. 
I obtained a specimen of this shell several years ago, but sup- 
posing it to be an accidental variety of the hirsuta, I laid it aside 
without further notice. Since then, however, Messrs. Hyde and 
Mason have presented numerous specimens of the same species to 
the Academy, having found it rather common ; I therefore no 
longer hesitate to consider it as a distinct species. It resembles 
Helix monodon of Mr. Rackett (Trans. Linu. Soc. London, vol. 
xiii., pi. 5,) in the conformation of the aperture, but that shell is 
represented as being largely umbilicated, and its labrum does not 
extend near to the centre of the base, as it does in our shell. PI. 
15, f. 3. 
H. diodonta.—Shell somewhat depressed 3 spire convex, very 
little elevated ; whorls five, rounded, regularly, but not promi- 
nently wrinkled, and grooved transversely 3 aperture moderate ; 31 
labrum reflected, -with a slightly projecting dentiform callus near 
the base on the inner edge : labium -with an oblique tooth on the 
middle ; umbilicus rather large, profound, exhibiting all the 
volutions. 
Breadth rather more than seven-tenths of an inch. This shell 
inhabits the State of New York. It is closely allied to H. pro- 
funda, but may be distinguished by its smaller size and 
armed labium. Its aperture also is much more dilated than that 
of the profunda, PI. 15, f. 4. 
H. perspectiva, Nob.—Is common in the North-west Terri- 
tory ; it varies in being smaller, and in the circumstance of the 
labrum embracing a somewhat smaller portion of the penultimate 
volution. 
H. arborea, Nob.—Common in this Territory. 
II. chersina, Nob.—A variety of this species is not uncommon 
in the North-west Territory. It differs in the greater rotundity 
of the upper part of each whorl, and in the somewhat less rounded 
or more flattened figure of the labrum. It may, however, prove 
to be a distinct species, when many specimens of chersina can be 
had to compare with it. 
H. Alternata, Nob. and H. albolabris.—On our return 
homewards, these two species were not found until we arrived in 
the secondary country towards the eastern extremity of Lake 
Superior. 
H. thyroipus, Nob.—Falls of Niagara. 
H. ligera, Nob.—North-west Territory. 
Vitrina PELLUCiDA of Authors.—This shell was first found 
near Coldwater Lake in latitude 48! north, under stones, fallen 
timber, &c. It afterwards frequently occurred in similar situa- 
tions, until we approached Lake Superior, when it was no more 
seen. Like its congeners, the inhabitant is much too large to 
retract within the shell, and a great portion of the body is there- 
fore constantly exposed. No species of this genus has been 
hitherto found in this country ; the discovery of this shell is 
therefore the more interesting. The specimens which we collected 
do not appear to differ in any respect from those of Europe. 
Bulimus lubricus of Authors.—The species occurred under 
stones, &c., on the shores and islands of Lake Winnepeck and 
Lake of the Woods. It is altogether similar to the European 32 
specimens of this species, excepting that the labium is somewhat 
more transverse. 
Pupa modesta.—Shell dextral, suboval, minutely wrinkled ; 
apex obtuse; whorls six; umbilicus distinct; aperture obliquely 
subovate; labium with a prominent, compressed, semioval tooth, 
equidistant from the extremities of the labrum, and a somewhat 
conic one rather below the middle of the columella; labrum not 
reflected, joining the preceding whorl at its upper extremity wTith 
a curve; bidentate, lower tooth placed opposite to that of the 
middle of the labium, the others smaller and placed a little 
above. 
Length less than one-tenth of an inch. Inhabits the North- 
west Territory. PI. 15, fig. 5. 
Var. a.—The smaller tooth of the labrum obsolete or wanting. 
Succinea ayara.—Shell suboval, pale reddish-yellow, subdia- 
phanous, fragile, covered with an earthy crust; whorls three, 
minutely wrinkled ; body whorl very large ; spire small; aperture 
large, subovate, about two-thirds of the whole length of the shell. 
Length three-twentieths of an inch. Inhabits the North-west 
Territory. 
This small species of Succinea occurs in humid places, very 
frequently under stones and near the water. The shell is always 
completely encrusted with a coating of earth. It may at once be 
distinguished from either the ovalis or campestris by its very small 
size. PI. 15, fig. 6. 
S. obliqua.—Shell oblong-oval, nearly pellucid, pale amber- 
colored ; whorls three, very obliquely revolving, distinctly wrinkled ; 
spire a little prominent; aperture suboval, somewhat oblique. 
Length seven-tenths of an inch; length of the aperture less 
than one-half inch. Inhabits Pennsylvania. 
Of this fine species, found in the vicinity of Philadelphia, many 
specimens were some time since presented to the Academy Nat. 
Sc. by Messrs. Hyde and Mason, and we obtained a specimen near 
the Falls of Niagara. It may at once be distinguished from 
either the ovalis or campestris by the much greater obliquity of 
the revolutions of its whorls. It is very much like the helix 
putris of Linn., but it is more than double the size of that species. 
It may, however, be a variety of that shell. PI. 15, fig. 7. 33 
(Say’s American Conchology, vol. i., No. 11, April, 1831.) 
Helix albolabris.—Shell convex, imperforated, immaculate, 
pale reddish brown ; volutions about five and a half, with rather 
obtuse wrinkles, crossed by very minute lines, more obvious on 
the body whorl than on the spire ; suture distinct, not very deeply 
impressed ; labrum abruptly contracting the mouth, rather widely 
and abruptly reflected, flattened in the plane of the mouth, white, 
rather deeply and abruptly more arquated at base. Plate 13, 
fig. a. 
Synonyms. 
Helix albolabris, Nobis—Nobis. Am. Ed. of Nicbols. Encycl., 
vol. iv. Ferussac, Hist. Nat., pi. 43, f. 1 to 5. 
Cochlea virginiana, subalbida, mediocris, circiter quinis orbibus, 
parum altis ad claviculam circumscripta. Lister, Synops. pi. 47, 
f. 45. 
This is one of our most common species, less abundant, however, 
in the Western than in the Eastern portion of the United States ; 
and is an inhabitant of an extensive region, extending from 
Canada to South Carolina, 'whence an individual was sent me by 
the late Mr. Elliott; and it is probably found even in Florida. It 
belongs to the genus Acavus, Montfort, which be separates from 
Helix, in consequence of being destitute of umbilicus. 
A species of the Linnaean Genus Acarus infests the animal. I 
have frequently seen this little active parasite, running out and in 
the respiratory cavity, when the orifice was open to receive the 
air. Sometimes it is excluded for a few moments by the closing 
of the orifice, but it courses nimbly about until another dilatation 
of the pulmonary aperture receives it into the interior. An 
analogous species inhabits the Helix nemoralis, L. of Europe, 
according to Kirby and Spence. 
H. thyroidus.—Shell rather thin, convex, umbilicate, pale 
reddish brown, immaculate; volutions five, wrinkled; suture 
distinct, but not very deeply impressed ; labrum abruptly con- 
tracting the aperture, rather widely reflected, flattened in the 
plane of the mouth, excepting the superior third, and white ; 
umbilicus narrow, distinct; labium with an oblique white tooth, 
rather above the middle, and not very prominent. 34 
Synonyms. 
Helix thyroidus.—Nobis, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. vol. i., p. 123. 
Nicholson’s Encycl. (Am. edition.) 
Ferussac, Tabl. System, p. 33. 
Cochlea umbilicata, capillaceis stryis per obliquum donata. 
Unico dente ad fundum oris. List. Synopsis Conch, pi. 91, f. 91. 
The following synonyms are from Ferussac, Tab. Sys. Petiver, 
Gazophyll. t. 405, f. 4—Philos. Trans, vol. xx., p. 375. 
Cochlea terrestris Yirginiana, &c. Schroter, Enleit, ii., p. 192, 
No. 60. 
A very abundant species, much more numerous than the pre- 
ceding in this region. It has certainly a general resemblance to 
the albolnbris, but it is smaller, always umbilicated; the labrum, 
near its junction with the penultimate whorl is not so flatly 
reflected, and the tooth of the labrum is very conspicuous. It 
belongs to Montfort’s genus Cepolis, plate 13. 
Glandina truncata. 
Synonyms. 
Buccinum striatum. Chemnitz, ix., t. 120, fig. 1028, 1029, 
(Ferussac.) 
Bulla truncata. Gmel. Dillwyn, (Fcr.) 
Polyphemus glans. Nobis. Nicholson’s Encycl. 
Helix rosea. Ferussac. 
e flumine quodam Carolina. List. Conch. 1059, fig. 4. 
Shell pale reddish brown, or slightly tinted with rosaceous, 
often deepest on the spire, gradually becoming paler to the aper- 
ture ; spire rather prominent, somewhat mamelary at tip; volutions, 
five or six, very obviously wrinkled ; two or three apicial volutions, 
almost destitute of wrinkles; suture well defined, irregularly 
crenulated; columella decidedly incurved. 
When in the Sea Islands of Georgia and Florida with Mr. 
Maclure, we found this species in great abundance in marshy dis- 
tricts immediately behind the sand hills of the coast. In Florida 
they also occurred on elevated mounds of oyster shells, called 
hammocks, and generally in such situations as are tenanted by 
Succinea cnmpestris, Nob. On these elevations they were gene- 
rally small, translucent, and of a fragile consistence, and we 
observed that they obtained their greatest development only in 35 
the low marshy places. Mr. Elliott, of Charleston, South Carolina, 
since favored me with living specimens from near that city, where, 
he informed me, they are not very abundant. These individuals 
refused such vegetable food as I could procure for them, (in 
December,) but one of them devoured the animal of a Helix which 
was in the vessel that contained them. Lister’s figure above 
quoted is referred to with doubt by Ferussac, in his Tab. Syst. p. 
57, for his Helix goniostoma. 
In Lesueur’s collection are specimens which he found at St. 
Francisville on the Mississippi, and Mr. Titian Peale found speci- 
mens on the Florida Keys. So that, taking the above-mentioned 
localities into consideration, this shell seems to be an inhabitant 
of the whole alluvial region, from at least the middle of South 
Carolina to the Mississippi, and perhaps even still farther south. 
In the American edition of Nicholson’s Encyclopaedia I pub- 
lished an account of this species under the name of Polyphemus 
glans; I supposed it to be that species, as Montfort says it lives in 
the interior of Louisiana. But Ferussac says that our shell is not 
the glans of Bruquiere, which is not an inhabitant of Louisiana, 
but of St. Domingo. In his general observations, as well as in a 
letter to me, he says it is the Buccinum striatum of Chemnitz, and 
Bulimus striatus of Bruquiere ; whereas, in his enumeration of the 
species, he rejects the name of striatus entirely, and places those 
two synonyms under two separate species, to which he gives new 
names. I think, however, that this name cannot, in justice to 
Muller—from wdiom Bruquiere adopted it—be applied to our spe- 
cies, inasmuch as he had reference to the South American species. 
As it is, therefore, neither the glans nor the striata, I adopt the 
name applied by Gmelin, for which I am indebted to the synonyms 
collected by Ferussac, on whose accuracy and opportunities for 
comparison in this instance I wholly rely, when, in my own opinion, 
the reference would, but for this authority, be doubtful. 
No. 4.—March, 183J. 
Helix clausa.—PL 37, fig. 1. As in Journ. Acad. 
H. ELEVATA.—PI. 37, fig. 2. As in Journ. Acad. Synonym 
H. Knoxvilliana ? Fer. Tab. Syst. p. 33. 36 
H. profunda.—Plate 37, fig. 3. As in Journ. Acad. My 
description of this shell was published in the year 1821. Lamark’s 
description of H. Richardi did not appear until April, 1822, but 
he quotes, by anticipation Ferussac, Hist, des Mollusques, No. 174, 
for the specific name, which was, however, not then published in 
that work, but appeared in the Tableau Systematique of the latter 
author in the earlier part of the same year. The name of pro- 
funda has therefore the priority, and consequently must be 
adopted. 
No. 5.—August, 1832. 
Helicina orbiculata.—Plate 46, f. 1, 2, 3. Same as Oligyra 
orbiculata, Nicholson Encycl. 
H. occulta.—PI. 46, f. 4, 5, 6. Same as Trans. Journ. Med. 
No. 6.—April 1834. On the cover. 
It seems probable that Helix irrorata is a variety of H. 
lactea, Mull., with which I compared it when describing it. 
Caracolla helicoides, Lea.—Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vol. iv. 
N. S., is variety a, of Helix palliata, Say, II. denotata, Fer. 
Helix carolinensis, Ibid.—Corresponds by descriptions and 
figures with II. appressa, Say, Var. a. 
No. 5 and 6.—Descriptions of some new Terrestrial and 
Fluviatile Shells of North America, &c. 
Helix ltjcubrata.—Shell subglobose, depressed, reddish 
brown, polished, subtranslucent; whorls over four, much wrin- 
kled ; spire much depressed, convex ; suture moderate ; beneath 
paler ; umbilicus open, rather large; aperture nearly orbicular ; 
labrum simple. 
Greatest width one inch. Inhabits Mexico. Closely allied to 
H. inornata, Nob., but the umbilicus is much larger, and the 
aperture is more accurately rounded ; the color is nearly the same, 
excepting that in the present it is of a deeper shade. 
H. suppressa.—Shell subglobose, depressed, pale horn color, 
polished, somewhat pellucid ; body whorl opake, whitish near the 37 
aperture ; volutions six, wrinkled ; spire convex ; aperture sublu- 
nate, narrower beneath; within, a prominent tooth near the base, 
distant from the margin ; labrum simple; umbilicus rather small, 
orbicular, profound ; region of the umbilicus indented. 
Greatest breadth more than one-fifth of an inch. Inhabits 
Pennsylvania. 
I found a few specimens of this shell on the farm of my friend 
Mr. Reuben Haines, at Germantown. 
With the exception of the size and the armature of the throat, 
it is somewhat of the habit of H. ligera, JVob.; but the opacity of 
the body whorl near the aperture, is much more remarkable. 
These characters, combined with that of the tooth, will readily 
distinguish this species from any other. 
Polygyra fatigiata.—Shell convex beneath, nearly plane 
above, the spire being hardly perceptibly elevated ; whorls a little 
over six, compressed, acutely carinated, crossed by numerous 
raised, equidistant lines, which form grooves between them; 
superior surface not at all convex ; aperture subreniform; labrum 
reflected, regularly arctuated, describing two-thirds of a circle; 
within two-toothed, lower tooth conic obtuse, superior tooth com- 
pressed, transverse, placed further within the aperture than the 
inner one, from which it is separated by a wide and deep and 
obvious sinus ; labrum with a very profound duplicature, which 
has a concave surface, but with no emargination near its acute 
tip ; beneath exhibiting only two volutions, without any distinct 
groove on the external one near the suture; beneath the carina 
the elevated lines are obsolete. 
Greatest breadth seven-twentieths of an inch. 
Found by Mr. Lesueur in the vicinity of New Harmony. It is 
very closely allied to that species which I described under the 
name of plicata; the character of the mouth is very similar, but 
in that shell, such is the situation and form of the teeth of the 
labrum, that at first view they do not seem to be separated by a 
remarkable sinus, and the inferior tooth is compressed and larger 
than the other ; the duplicature of its labium is emarginate near 
the tip. The present species is also larger, carinated, and the 
elevated lines are obsolete below the carina. 
Helicina occulta.— Carinated; carina almost concealed on 
the spire, and nearly obsolete on the body whorl; whorls about 38 
five, carinate, or with an acute shoulder, which is almost concealed 
on the spire by the suture; it becomes more obtuse and almost 
obsolete, or even impressed on the body whorl, but near the 
labrum it is again very obvious; the whole surface has slightly 
elevated, somewhat regular lines, forming grooves between them 
across the whorls, and there is an appearance of revolving lines 
on the body whorl, particularly beneath; labrum entire, thick, a 
little reflected, obtusely a little more prominent towards the base, 
but not angulated. 
All the specimens I have found are dead and bleached. They 
occur abundantly in the ragged and abrupt “ bluff,” half a mile 
below New Harmony, near the river bank, with many Helices that 
are commonly found in the Western States. They are much of 
the same size or even a little larger than the Helicina orbiculata, 
Nob., which species is destitute of carina or of prominent wrinkles 
or elevated lines, its labrum is reflected, but not thickened, with 
a distinct angle near its base. 
Succinea VERMETA.—Shell suboval, yellowish, very thin and 
fragile, somewhat diaphanous, with nearly three very oblique 
volutions; whorls very much rounded, wrinkled; suture very 
profoundly impressed ; spire rather prominent and acute ; aperture 
ovate, the superior termination rounded. 
Inhabits margins of ponds near New Harmony. 
This species is remarkable for the very deep indentation of its 
suture, giving to the whorls of the spire the appearance of being 
almost separated from resting on each other ; and by this char- 
acter it may be readily distinguished from the other species of this 
country. It was found by Dr. Troost. 
S. undulata.—Shell suboval, pale yellowish, translucent, 
fragile; volutions three and a half.; spire moderate, wrinkles 
obsolete, body whorl wrinkled, or rather slightly undulated; 
columella narrowed, so as to exhibit the appearance of an interior 
umbilicus, when viewed with a lens from the base. 
Length about one-half inch. Inhabits Mexicj. 
Very similar to S. ovalis, Nob., but the suture is not so deeply 
indented, and it has from one-half to three-fourths of a whorl 
more; the surface of the body whorl also is rather undulated than 
wrinkled. One of the individuals lived nearly twelve months in 
my cabinet, without any apparent sustenance. 39 
Pupa placida.—Shell dextral, cylindric-conic, pale yellowish 
horn color; apex whitish, obtuse; whorls six and a half, some- 
what wrinkled ; suture moderately impressed ; aperture unarmed, 
longitudinally oval, truncate a little obliquely above by the 
penultimate volution ; columella so recurved as almost to conceal 
the umbilicus ; labrum, with the exception of the superior portion, 
appearing a little recurved when viewed in front, but when viewed 
in profile, this recurvature is hardly perceptible ; umbilicus very 
narrow. 
Length over three-tenths of an inch. Inhabits Massachusetts. 
For this shell I am indebted to Dr. T. W. Harris, of Milton, 
from whom I have received many interesting species of our more 
northern regions. At first view it might be mistaken for the P. 
marginata, JVo6., but it is quadruple the size, and the labrum is 
not reflected and thickened. 
Bulimus alternatus.—Ovate conic, with alternate gray and 
brownish longitudinal vittrn. Inhabits Mexico. 
Shell umbilicated, ovate-conic, with longitudinal lines, subequal, 
gray and light brownish vittge; the brown is paler, almost 
approaching in some instances a drab ; the white vittse consists of 
more or less confluent, transverse, irregular lines, and small spots ; 
whorls about six, a little convex : suture not profoundly impressed ; 
labrum (in some specimens) with a thickened line or rib on the 
inner submargin; within white, with a perlaceous tinge. 
Length one and one-fifth of an inch. Greatest breadth seven- 
tenths. This species appears to be not uncommon in Mexico, as 
many specimens were sent me by Mr. Maclure ; but from what 
particular locality, I know not. 
B. undatus, Brug.—Occurs in some parts of Mexico. I 
found a specimen on the road from Yera Cruz to the city. The 
late Mr. Elliott, of Charleston, presented to me a Bulimus which I 
described under the name of reses; but on comparing it to the 
present species, I think it may be considered as a variety; it is 
rather less ventricose, the longitudinal lines are very slender and 
pale, and the transverse lines much more distinct. It inhabits 
trees on the south part of Florida. 
B. serperastrus.—Elongate subovate, about six banded. 
Inhabits Mexico. Shell conic or elongate subovate, umbilicated ; 
whitish or white, with about six interrupted, more or less con- 40 
fluent, dark rufous bands ; spire as long, or rather longer than 
the aperture, with three or four widely interrupted bands; suture 
not very deeply impressed ; whorls a little convex ; labrum widely 
curved a little outwards ; columella rather wide at its origin. 
Length one and a half inch ; greatest breadth, excepting the 
lip, (parallel, of course, to the suture,) seven-tenths of an inch. I 
obtained it on the side of the road between Vera Cruz and Mexico. 
B. emeus.—With crowded, minute, transverse striae. Inhabits 
Mexico. Shell conic or elongate ovate, slightly angulated on the 
middle of the volutions, and covered with minute, undulated, 
impressed, capillary lines ; whitish, with maculated bands : suture 
not deeply impressed: aperture shorter than the spire ; labrum 
exteriorly simple, interiorly with a thickened submargin ; colum- 
ella short, recurved ; umbilicus small, but distinct; spire with 
the angulation concealed by the suture; body whorl with the 
angulation almost obsolete. 
Length thirteen-twentieths of an inch; greatest breadth 
(parallel to the suture) three-tenths. I found this species on the 
road from Vera Cruz to Mexico. As I possess only the “ Tableaux 
Systematiques” of Ferussac’s splendid work, the preceding species 
of Bulimus are offered with considerable hesitation; but those 
who possess that work can readily detect an error, if there be one. 
Note.—Through the kindness of Dr. Meigs, the obliging 
Librarian of the Academy, I have been able to have impressions 
taken of Mr. Say’s plate of Helix clausa. INDEX. 
Ta^e. 
Achatina Solida—Say. Jour. Acad., vol. v., p. 122, 29 
Bulimus Alternatus—Say. New Harm. Dis. Jan. 1, 1831, 39 
Emeus—Say. New Harm. Dis., Jan. 1, 1829, 40 
Lubricus—Mull. Long’s Exp., vol. ii., p. 259, - - 31 
Multilineatus—Say. Jour. Acad. vol. v. p. 120, - 28 
Mutilatus—Say. Journ. Acad., vol. ii., p. 373, - - 25 
Undatus—Bruq. New Harm. Dis., Jan. 1, 1829, - - 39 
Serperastrus—Say. New Harm.'Dis., Jan. 1, 1829, - 39 
Cabacolla Helicoides—Lea. Am. Conch., No. 6, - - 36 
Ctclostoma Dentata—Say. Jour. Acad., vol. v., p. 125, 29 
Marginata—Say. Jour. Acad., vol. ii. p. 172, - 22 
Glandina Truncata—Say. Am. Conch., No. 2, . - - 34 
IIelicina Occulta—Say. Am. Conch., No. 5 ; Trans. Jour. Med. 
iv., p. 529, anno, 1831, .... 36, 37 
Orbiculata—Say. Am. Conch., No. 5, 36 
Helix Albolabris—Say. Nich. Encycl., vol. iv., pi. 1, fig. 1; Jour. 
Acad., vol. ii., p. 161; Long’s Exp., vol. ii., p. 258 ; Am. 
Conch., No. 2, 5, 21, 31, 33 
Alternata—Say. Nich. Encycl., vol. iv., pi. 1, fig. 2; Jour. 
Acad., vol. ii., p. 161; Long’s Exp., vol. ii., p. 258, 6, 21, 31 
Appressa—Say. Jour. Acad., ii., p. 151, - - - 15 
Arboreus—Say. Nich. Enc., vol. iv., pi. 4, fig. 4; Long’s 
Exp., vol. ii., p. 258, 5, 31 
Carolinensis—Lea. Am. Conch., No. 6, 36 
Chersina—Say. Jour. Acad., vol. ii., p. 156 ; Long’s Exp. 
vol. ii., p. 258, - - * - 18, 31 42 
Helix Clausa—Say. Jour. Acad., vol. ii., p. 154; Am. Conch., 
No. 4, 17, 35 
Concava—Say. Jour. Acad., vol. ii., p. 159, 20 
Dealbata—Say. Jour. Acad., vol. ii., p. 159, 20 
Diodonta—Say. Long’s Exp., vol. ii., p. 257, 30 
Egena—Say. Jour. Acad., vol. v., p. 120, - - - 28 
Elevata—Say. Jour. Acad., vol. ii., p. 154; Am. Conch., 
No. 4, 17, 35 
Fallax—Say. Jour. Acad., vol. v., p. 119, 27 
Fratema—Say. Long’s Exp., vol. ii., p. 257, - - 30 
Glaphyra—Say. Nich. Enc., vol. iv., pi. 1, fig. 3,- - 7 
Gularis—Say. Jour. Acad., vol. ii., p. 156, - - - 18 
Harpa—Say. Long’s Exp., vol, ii., p. 256, - - - 29 
Hirsuta—Say. Nich. Enc., vol. iv., Jour. Acad., vol. i., p. 
17—vol. ii., p. 161, - - - - - 7, 8, 21 
Indentata—Say. Jour. Acad., vol. ii., p. 372, 24 
Inflecta—Say. Jour. Acad., vol. ii., p. 153, 16 
Interna—Say. Jour. Acad., vol. ii, p. 155, 18 
Inornata—Say. Jour. Acad., vol. ii., p. 371, 24 
Irrorata—Say. Jour. Acad., vol. ii., p. 370, - - - 23 
Jejuna—Say. Jour. Acad., vol. ii., p. 158, - - - 19 
Labyrinthica—Say. Nich. Enc., vol. iv.; Jour. Acad., vol. 
i., p. 124—vol. ii., p. 161, 7, 10, 21 
Ligera—Say. Jour. Acad., vol. ii., p. 157 ; Long’s Exp., 
vol. ii., p. 258, ------- 19, 31 
Lineata—Say. Nich. Enc., vol. iv.; Jour. Acad., vol. i., 
p. 18—vol. ii., p. 373, 7, 9, 24 
Lucubrata—Say. New Harm. Dis., vol. ii„ p. 229, July, 1829 36 
Minuta—Say. Jour. Acad., vol. i., p. 123 and 161. Nich. 
Enc., vol. iv., - - - - - - - -7, 10 
Multilineata—Say. Jour. Acad., vol. ii., p. 150, - - 15 
Obstricta—Say. Jour. Acad., vol. ii., p. 154, 17 
Palliata—Say. Jour. Acad., vol. ii., p. 152, 16 
Perspectiva—Say. Nich. Enc., vol. iv.; Jour. Acad., vol. 
i., p. 18—vol. ii., p. 161; Long’s Exp., vol. ii., p. 258, 
7, 9, 21, 31 43 
Helix Porcina—Say. Long’s Exp., vol. ii., p. 257, - - - 30 
Profunda—Say. Jour. Acad., vol. ii., p. 159; Am. Conch. 
No. 4, 20, 36 
Solitaria—Say. Jour. Acad., vol. ii., p. 157, 19 
Suppressa—Say. New Harm. Dis., vol. ii., p. 229, July, 1829 36 
Thyroidus—Say. Nich. Enc., vol. iv.; Jour. Acad., vol. 
i., p. 123; Long’s Exp., yoI. ii., p. 258; Am. Conch., 
No. 2, 7, 9, 21, 31, 33 
Tridentata—Say. Nich. Enc., vol. iv., pi. 2, fig. 1,-6 
Mklampus Obliquus—Say. Jour. Acad., vol. ii., p. 377, 27 
Oligyra Orbiculata—Say. Nich. Enc., vol. iv.; Jour. Acad., vol. 
i., p. 283, - - 7, 14 
Poltgtra Auriculata—Say. Nich. Enc., vol. iv.; Jour. Acad., 
vol. i., p. 277, - - - - - - - 7,10 
Avara—Say. Nich. Enc., vol. iv.; Jour. Acad., vol. i., 
p. 277, - - - . - - - - 7, 11 
Fatigiata—Say. New Harm. Dis., vol. ii., p. 229, July, 
1829, 37 
Plicata—Say. Jour. Acad., vol. ii., p. 161, - 21 
Septemvolva—Say. Nich. Enc., vol. iv., Jour. Acad., 
vol. i., p. 278, 7, 11 
Polyphemus Gians—Say. Nich. Enc., vol. iv., Jour. Acad., vol. 
i., p. 282, 7, 13 
Pupa Armifera—Say. Jour. Acad., vol. ii., p. 162, - - - 21 
Contracta—Say. Jour. Acad., vol. ii., p. 374 25 
Corticaria—Say. Nich. Encycl., iv., pi. 4, fig. 5, - - 7 
Exiqua—Say. Jour. Acad., vol. ii., p. 375, 26 
Fallax—Say. Jour. Acad., vol. v., p. 121, 28 
Modesta—Say. Long’s Exp., vol. ii. p. 259, - - - 32 
Placida—Say. New Harm. Dis., vol. ii., p. 230, anno, July, 
1829, 39 
Rupicola—Say. Jour. Acad., vol. ii., p. 163, 22 
Succinea Avara—Say. Long’s Exp., vol. ii., p. 260, - 32 
Campestris—Say. Nich. Enc., vol. iv.; Jour. Acad., 
vol. i., p. 281, 7, 12 
Obliqua—Say. Long’s Exp., vol. ii., p. 260, - - 32 44 
Succinea Ovalis—Say. Nich. Enc., vol. iv.; Jour. Acad., yol. i., 
p. 15—vol. ii., p. 163, 7, 8, 22 
Undulata—Say. New Harm. Dis., vol. ii., p. 230, anno, 
July, 1829, 38 
Vermeta—Say. New Harm. Dis., vol. ii., p. 230, anno, 
July, 1829, - - 38 
Vertigo Ovata—Say. Jour. Acad., vol. ii., p. 375, - - - 26 
Pentadon—Say. Jour. Acad., vol. ii., p. 376, - - 27 
Vitrina Pellucida—Mull. Long’s Exp., vol. ii., p. 258, - - 31 1 Hel&x> clazi&Oy S 
2 r/rvafst S 
,3 fisrofundcv S 
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