1922 
Minors ’ 
Safety and Health Almanac 
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 
ALBERT B. FALL, Secretary 
BUREAU OF MINES 
H. FOSTER BAIN, Director NAfiCiini LIBRARY OF MEDICINE 
The tables giving the time for the rising and the setting of the sun are calculated 
for Washington, D. C.,Virginia, Kentucky, Missouri, Kansas, Colorado, Utah, Nevada, 
and central California. Exact time for rising and setting of sun in other sections of 
the United States may vary 2 to 30 minutes, more or less, from this table, depending 
on the parallel of latitude upon which a given place is situated. 
To obtain noon’s phases in central time, subtract 1 hour; mountain time, subtract 
2 hours; Pacific time, subtract 3 hours. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 
albert b. fall, secretary 
BUREAU OF MINF.S 
H. FOSTER BAIN, Director 
SAFETY AND HEALTH ALMANAC 
FOR 1922 
Published in cooperation with 
UNITED STATES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 
For the use of miners 
COMPILED BY 
R. C. WILLIAMS 
Passed Assistant Surgeon, United States Public Health Service 
WASHINGTON 
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
1921 The Bureau of Mines, in carrying out one of the provisions of its organic act—to 
disseminate information concerning investigations made—prints a limited free edition 
of each of its publications. 
When this edition is exhausted, copies may be obtained, at cost price, only through 
the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 
The Superintendent of Documents is not an official of the Bureau of Mines. His 
is an entirely separate office and should be addressed: 
SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, 
Government Printing Office, 
Washington, D. C. 
Tlie general law under which publications are distributed prohibits the giving of 
more than one copy of a publication to one person. The price of this publication is 
5 cents. 
Persons desiring for lecture purposes the use, free of charge, of lantern slides of the 
illustrations in this publication, should make request of the Director of the Bureau 
of Mines, Washington, D. C. 
First edition, December 1, 1921. CONTENTS. 
Page. 
Introduction 5 
Avoid self-medication.. 6 
A perfect mine 6 
The miners’ contempt of danger 8 
The physical needs of a miner coming off shift 10 
How to get pretty white hair 12 
The teeth and their care 14 
Prevention of flies 14 
The metal miner and dust 16 
Typhoid fever 18 
Good advice 18 
Safety—a common meeting ground 20 
Save something . 20 
What will be your condition a year from now? 22 
Taking chances 24 
Catarrh 24 
Cooperation between United States Bureau of Mines and the National Safety 
Council 26 
Colds 26 
Health supervision of school children 28 
There is no armistice with venereal disease 28 
The advance of safety 30 
Every miner should study first aid 30 
Wet stoping drills versus dry stoping drills 31 
Keep the watchdog awake 32 
What the metal miner may do to save himself and companions at time of a 
mine fire 34 
Carbon-monoxide poisoning 35 
“Am I my brother’s keeper?” 36 
Permissible explosives 38 
If—.., 30 
Bureau of Mines rescue cars and safety stations 40 
Famous last words of foolish miners 43 
Postal savings 44 
A wise miner 44 
Construction of a sanitary concrete privy box for privy with concrete floor 45 
What every mining town needs and why 49 
Publications of the Bureau of Mines on safety and sanitation 50 
Publications of the United States Public Health Service 52 
3 ILLUSTRATIONS. 
Page. 
The movie of a careless miner 33 
Miners’ good-health calendar 37 
New all-steel mine rescue car of the Bureau of Mines 41 
Mine rescue truck of the Bureau of Mines 41 
Interior view of mine rescue car 42 
Miners at work underground wearing oxygen breathing apparatus 42 
Sketch showing the changes made in existing privy building to conform to 
concrete standard 45 
Sketch showing the construction of the forms for the concrete privy box 46 
Sketch showing the concrete box after the forms have been removed 47 
4 MINERS’ SAFETY AND HEALTH ALMANAC FOR 1922. 
Compiled by R. C. Williams. 
INTRODUCTION. 
The Bureau of Mines was established in 1910, following a series of 
disastrous mine accidents, and was charged by Congress with specific 
responsibility for bettering health conditions and lessening accidents 
in the mines. 
The first decade of the bureau’s history has been completed with 
a record of constant decrease in the accident rate in the mining in- 
dustry. The bureau claims no exclusive credit for this record, feeling 
that the hearty cooperation received from operators, inspectors, and 
miners, and especially the desire of the miners themselves to work 
safely, has been mainly responsible for the decrease. 
Safety methods can not be taught by force. Safety can be achieved 
only when the miner realizes that the happiness and welfare of his 
family depend on his safe return at the completion of his day’s work. 
Although the Bureau of Mines, from time to time, has issued pub- 
lications dealing with the prevention of accidents and sickness, and 
recognizes that the responsibility for safety underground and in the 
works rests with the men, it feels also that the miner’s family may 
desire a daily reminder of the need of constant watchfulness in 
achieving safety. 
With this purpose in view, the Bureau of Mines has published 
annually a Safety and Health Almanac. The almanac for 1922, the 
fourth of the series, is sent to you in the hope that it will remind you 
daily of the need for your own cooperation in making mines safe and 
healthful places in which to work. 
H. Foster Bain, 
Director, United States Bureau of Mines 
5 6 
MINERS7 SAFETY AND HEALTH ALMANAC FOR H>22. 
AVOID SELF-MEDICATION 
Miners sometimes acquire the habit of taking various so-called 
harmless drugs for any and all conditions. This practice is pernicious 
and often leads to serious results. 
Usually, and quite naturally so, the use of drugs in this manner 
does not relieve the condition complained of, because the medication 
is not directed toward the cause of the trouble. 
The miner who takes medicine of his own prescribing is making 
his own diagnosis. Self-drugging means self-diagnosis. This is a 
grave error. The average person who attempts self-drugging tries 
to treat the symptoms, which he frequently mistakes for the disease 
producing the symptoms. The effort is made to treat headache, 
backache, constipation, or some other annoying symptom without 
finding out the disease that is responsible for the symptom. Con- 
stipation, shortness of breath, weakness, headache, backache, rise of 
temperature are symptoms; they are not diseases. 
Persons who are not well and who suffer from disagreeable or 
annoying symptoms should consult a competent physician and 
request a thorough examination. Many serious conditions begin 
insidiously and often make considerable progress before noticeable 
symptoms are produced; incipient pulmonary tuberculosis, beginning 
Bright’s disease, cancer, and certain forms of heart disease are 
examples. The point to be emphasized is that when one is sick, a 
qualified physician should be consulted, and every person, whether 
sick or well, should have a complete physical examination, including 
teeth, made every year. 
A PERFECT MINE. 
There is one perfect mine and mining town. 
Every official of this mine and every man employed underground 
or on top always does his work well and never breaks the safety 
rules. There are never any accidents at this mine, nothing ever 
goes wrong, the working conditions are fine. Everybody is con- 
tented and happy, no one quits or gets fired. There is work every 
day and the pay is good. 
The town is clean and sanitary; the houses are comfortable; 
there is a good school; there is never any sickness; all the prices are 
reasonable; no one ever offends his neighbor; and all is peace and 
contentment. 
This is the Ideal Mine, located in Modeltown, Progressive County, 
State of Good Health. 
Your mine and mining town perhaps do not measure up to the 
standard set by the Ideal Mine at Modeltown, but if everyone will 
strive each day to reach that end, you can come close to it. MINERS’ SAFETY AND HEALTH ALMANAC FOR 1922. 
7 
First month 
JANUARY 
31 Days 
._. V ' IV i 
Moon’s Phases. Eastern Time. 
d. H. M. 
First Quarter 6 5 23.8 a.m. 
Full Moon 13 9 36. 5 a. m. 
Moon’s Phases. Eastern Time. 
r>. h. m. 
Last Quarter 20 12 59.8 a.m. 
New Moon 27 6 48.2 p. m. 
Day of 
month. 
Day of 
■week. 
SAFETY HINTS AND HISTORICAL EVENTS. 
Sun 
rises. 
Sun 
sets. 
1 
Sun. 
New Year’s Dav. National holiday. 
A. M. 
7. 19 
P. M. 
4. 48 
2 
Mon. 
Profit by the experience of others. 
7. 19 
4.49 
3 
Tue. 
7. 19 
4. 50 
4 
Wed. 
7. 19 
4. 51 
5 
Thu. 
7. 19 
4. 52 
6 
Fri. 
7. 19 
4. 52 
7 
Sat. 
Mine disaster, mine No. 11, Krebs, Okla., 1892. Lives 
7. 19 
4. 53 
8 
Sun. 
lost, 100. 
Consult a physician when ill; do not put it off. 
7. 19 
4. 54 
9 
Mon. 
7. 19 
4. 55 
10 
Tue. 
7. 19 
4. 56 
11 
Wed. 
Home remedies are all right, but do not wait too long 
7. 19 
4. 57 
12 
Thu. 
to see a doctor. 
7. 19 
4. 58 
13 
Fri. 
A prop in place is worth a thousand on the timber pile. 
7. 18 
4. 59 
14 
Sat. 
7. 18 
5. 00 
15 
Sun. 
7.18 
5.01 
16 
Mon. 
Eighteenth amendment to United States Constitution 
7. 17 
5. 02 
17 
Tue. 
proclaimed, 1919 (Prohibition). 
Always consider yourself a member of the general safety 
7. 17 
5. 03 
18 
Wed. 
committee. 
7. 17 
5. 05 
19 
Thu. 
James Watt, inventor of steam engine, born 1736. 
7. 16 
5. 06 
20 
Fri. 
7. 16 
5-. 07 
21 
Sat. 
7. 15 
5. 08 
22 
Sun. 
7. 15 
5. 09 
23 
Mon. 
7. 14 
5. 10 
24 
Tue. 
United Mine Workers of America organized, 1890. 
7. 13 
5. 11 
25 
Wed. 
7. 13 
5. 12 
26 
Thu. 
First settlement in Australia, 1788. 
7. 12 
5. 14 
27 
Fri. 
Samuel Gompers, president American Federation of 
7. 11 
5. 15 
28 
Sat. 
Labor, born 1850. 
7. 11 
5. 16 
29 
Sun. 
7. 10 
5. 17 
30 
Mon. 
7.09 
5. 18 
31 
Tue. 
Every miner must be a safety man. 
7.08 
5. 19 
Insure your health by periodic physical examinations. 8 
MINERS’ SAFETY AND HEALTH ALMANAC FOR 1922. 
THE MINERS’ CONTEMPT OF DANGER. 
Some one has said that “ familiarity breeds contempt,” and perhaps 
in no occupation is this saying truer than in mining. 
Men face dangerous conditions day after day without being killed 
or getting hurt, and they gradually come to think that they are 
immune, “bom under a lucky star,” as they might put it. It is 
then that the chances of injury increase manyfold, not only to them- 
selves but to their fellow workmen. 
The writer recalls that many years ago the division engineer of a 
large coal company in the Eastern coal fields made it a point to go, 
with a naked light, beyond a danger board, in order to impress his 
subordinates with his superior knowledge. Many a miner has ignited 
a pocket of gas in the presence of those who, in his opinion, were his 
inferiors in the wisdom of the mine. No doubt the gratification of 
selfish vanity has caused many a death. For the momentary pleasure 
of “showing off” before his admiring comrades, many a man has 
sacrificed a limb, if not his life. 
This contempt of danger sometimes causes some peculiar attitudes 
of mind. A foreman in a Southern coal mine was told that there 
was explosive gas in a certain district in his mine and he proceeded, 
with the assistance of five men, to arrange for its removal. An 
explosion occurred, wrecking that part of the mine. Afterward this 
mine foreman was found in the very room in which gas had been 
reported, his safety lamp taken apart and six matches in his pockets. 
He and his companions died because of his idea that he could light 
his lamp in the presence of gas. Probably he had done it before 
and thought he could do it any time he pleased. 
The laws of nature are unchangeable, rocks will fall, gas will ignite, 
and no man can successfully defy these laws. 
If one is willing to take a chance himself, he should regard at least 
the rights of others, his family, his fellow workmen, or the com- 
munity in which he lives, who may be compelled to bear the burden 
and to pay the price of his folly, but yet have no say in the matter 
of his taking the chance. 
Eternal vigilance is the price of safety as well as the price of liberty, 
and it behooves each and every one of the men who labor under- 
ground to see to it that as far as he is concerned, no unnecessary 
chance is taken. 
George S. Rice, 
Chief Mining Engineer, United States Bureau of Mines. MINERS’ SAFETY ANI) HEALTH ALMANAC FOR 1!>22. 
9 
Second month 
FEBRUARY 
2 ft Days 
Moon’s Phases. Eastern Time. 
d. H. M. 
First Quarte r 4 11 52.3 p.m. 
Full Moon 11 8 17.5 p. m. 
Moon’s Phases. Eastern Time. 
D. H. M. 
Last Quarter 18 1 18.1p.m. 
New Moon 26 1 47.7 p. m. 
Day of 
month. 
Day of 
week. 
SAFETY HINTS AND HISTORICAL EVENTS. 
Sun 
rises. 
Sun 
sets. 
1 
Wed. 
Screw propeller for steamships patented by John 
A. M. 
7.07 
P. M. 
5. 20 
2 
Thu. 
Ericsson, 1838. 
Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California ceded by 
7.00 
5. 22 
3 
Fri. 
Mexico to the United States, 1848. 
Diplomatic relations with Germany broken, 1917. 
7.00 
5. 23 
4 
Sat. 
7. 05 
5.24 
5 
Sun. 
7.04 
5. 25 
6 
Mon. 
7.03 
5. 20 
7 
Tue. 
Long-distance telephone between New York and 
7. 02 
5.27 
8 
Wed. 
Chicago opened, 1892. 
Gen. William T. Sherman born, 1820. 
7. 01 
5. 29 
9 
Thu. 
United States Weather Bureau established, 1870. 
7. 00 
5. 30 
10 
Fri. 
0. 58 
5. 31 
11 
Sat. 
0. 57 
5. 32 
12 
Sun. 
Abraham Lincoln born, 1809. 
0. 50 
5. 33 
13 
Mon. 
0. 55 
5. 34 
14 
Tue. 
St. Valentine’s Day. 
0.54 
5. 35 
15 
Wed. 
Battleship Maine sunk in Havana harbor, 1898. 
0. 53 
5. 37 
16 
Thu. 
Before you begin work look for the fire boss’s mark. 
6.51 
5. 38 
17 
Fri. 
6. 50 
5. 39 
18 
Sat. 
6.49 
5. 40 
19 
Sun. 
Thomas A. Edison patented phonograph, 1878. 
6. 48 
5. 41 
20 
Mon. 
0. 40 
5. 42 
21 
Tue. 
6. 45 
5. 43 
22 
Wed. 
George Washington born, 1732. National holiday. 
6.44 
5. 44 
23 
Thu. 
0. 42 
5. 45 
24 
Fri. 
0. 41 
5. 46 
25 
Sat. 
First patent for revolver granted Samuel Colt, 1830. 
0. 40 
5. 48 
26 
Sun. 
0. 38 
5. 49 
27 
Mon. 
0. 37 
5.50 
28 
Tue. 
Take no undue risk at any time. 
0. 35 
5. 51 
Every day should be safety day, 10 
miners’ safety and health ALMANAC FOR 1922. 
THE PHYSICAL NEEDS OF A MINER COMING OFF SHIFT. 
Health is the miner’s greatest asset, and he should guard it well. 
Good habits of sleeping, eating, dressing, and bodily cleanliness, 
both internal and external, are aids in maintaining health. Many 
of the mining companies have change houses well equipped with 
washing and bathing facilities, latrines, and lockers, enabling miners 
to give proper attention to their physical needs after work in mines 
that may be damp or wet. 
A large number of miners fail to realize the importance of giving 
proper care to their bodies on coming off shift. During work, the 
body accumulates wastes that must be eliminated. The skin is one of 
the organs through which these wastes are thrown out, in the form of 
sweat. As the clothes become saturated with sweat and dirt, the pores 
of the skin are clogged, and the bowels and kidneys have to assume the 
extra burden of doing the work that the skin fails to do. This condi- 
tion results in the waste remaining as poisons in the body for a longer 
period than usual, and the body’s resistance to disease is thus lowered. 
The clogged condition of the pores also makes it difficult for air to 
be taken in through the skin, and an important channel through 
which fresh air is brought into the body is cut off. If a miner goes 
home in this condition he is exposing himself to a bad cold or pneu- 
monia and all the ills that may follow such diseases. He can elim- 
inate this danger, however, by making proper use of the change 
house. He may dislike the delay in getting home, but he ought to 
remember that a serious case of pneumonia, and even death, may be 
averted by a few simple precautions. 
The miner should waste no time in getting out of his work clothes, 
which are damp and saturated with sweat. A good shower bath 
should be taken immediately. Warm water is best for this purpose, 
and the body should be well lathered with a good soap, in order to 
remove all dirt and perspiration from the pores. It is advisable to 
finish with cool water, about 60° to 65° F.; then follow with a vigor- 
ous rub down with a Turkish towel, until the body is glowing red. 
A complete change of clothes will take only a few minutes’ time, and 
the miner will be more than repaid by the refreshment and the 
feeling of self-respect which result from a clean and well-kept body. 
C. E. Kindall, 
Car Surgeon, United States Bureau of Mines. miners’ safety and health ALMANAC FOR 1922. 
11 
Third month 
MARCH 
01 Days 
Moon’s Phases. Eastern Time. 
d. H. M. 
First Quarter 6 2 21.6 p. m. 
Full Moon 13 6 14.4 a. m. 
Moon’s Phases. Eastern Time. 
d. H. M. 
Last Quarter 20 3 43.0 m. 
New Moon 28 8 3.4 a m. 
Day of 
month. 
Day of 
week. 
SAFETY HINTS AND HISTORICAL EVENTS. 
Sun 
rises. 
Sun 
sets. 
1 
Wed. 
Take care of your health. 
A. M. 
6. 34 
P. M. 
5. 52 
2 
Thur. 
6. 33 
5. 53 
3 
Fri. 
6. 31 
5. 54 
4 
Sat. 
President Warren G. Harding inaugurated, 1921. 
6. 30 
5. 55 
5 
Sun. 
6. 28 
5. 56 
6 
Mon. 
6. 27 
5. 57 
7 
Tue. 
The change house is for your convenience; use it. 
6. 25 
5. 58 
8 
Wed. 
6. 24 
5. 59 
9 
Thur. 
6. 22 
6. 00 
10 
Fri. 
Mine explosion, Courri6res, France, 1906. Persons 
6. 21 
6.01 
11 
Sat. 
killed, 1,060. 
Avoid sudden chilling when coming on top in wet 
6.19 
6. 02 
12 
Sun. 
clothes. 
6. 18 
6. 03 
13 
Mon. 
6. 16 
6. 04 
14 
Tue. 
6. 14 
6.05 
15 
Wed. 
Czar Nicholas II of Russia abdicates the throne, 1917. 
6. 13 
6. 06 
16 
Thur. 
6. 11 
6. 07 
17 
Fri. 
St. Patrick’s Day. 
6. 10 
6. 08 
18 
Sat. 
Do not go home in wet digging clothes. Use the change 
6. 08 
6.09 
19 
Sun. 
house. 
6. 07 
6.10 
20 
Mon. 
6. 05 
6. 11 
21 
Tue. 
6. 04 
6. 12 
22 
Wed. 
6. 02 
6. 13 
23 
Thur. 
Take an invigorating bath on coming off shift. 
6.00 
6. 14 
24 
Fri. 
5. 59 
6. 15 
25 
Sat. 
5. 57 
6.16 
26 
Sun. 
5. 56 
6. 17 
27 
Mon. 
• 
5. 54 
6. 18 
28 
Tue. 
5. 53 
6.19 
29 
Wed. 
Field Marshal Foch made commander in chief of allied 
5. 51 
6. 20 
30 
Thur. 
armies, 1915. 
5. 49 
6. 21 
31 
Fri. 
Commit no sanitary nuisance in the mine. 
5. 48 
6. 22 
For health and comfort use the change house. 12 
miners’ safety and health almanac FOR 1922. 
HOW TO GET PRETTY WHITE HAIR. 
Of course, everybody wants to have a head of white hair so that he 
will be distinguished looking. Everybody naturally wants to look 
distinguished, and white hair does it. 
There are plenty of happenings in the metal miner’s life that ought 
to turn his hair white even if they do not. One of the simplest recipes 
for getting this result is to sink a shaft about a thousand feet, tim- 
bering as you go. Don’t be too particular about the timbering, 
because a miner is always in a hurry to reach the ore, and he never 
has the money or time to do things right from the start. Don’t be 
fussy about the guides. They are only put there for looks, and if 
their gage is poor and alignment crooked, never mind; they can be 
fixed up when the sinking bucket and crosshead are replaced by the 
permanent cage. 
If the foregoing instructions are followed, it is quite probable that 
some night, about 11 o’clock, when you are taking down the powder 
to shoot the cut, you will suddenly find that the crosshead has left you. 
You will know immediately that it has not gone far, but you won’t 
know just how far, nor just when it will suddenly come back to you. 
In fact, you will be hanging in considerable doubt, not to say anxiety. 
You will be perfectly free to do anything you want to do and can do. 
Probably you will reach gingerly out, groping for the bellcord, and give 
one bell, together with a high-pressure prayer that the hoist man will 
ease up to a stop and not jerk her. If he does, and you are still there, 
you will slide out onto the closest wall plate like a snake on rubber 
wheels, and gently give another bell. Then you will hold your breath 
and listen as you never listened before, while the dangling bucket 
disappears into the darkness above. If your luck holds, and the 
hung-up crosshead holds on the guides until the bucket picks it up, 
doubtless you will be rescued from your perch after a while, and you 
will finally get the cut round off about 2 a. m. If your luck doesn’t 
hold, the little matter of the cut round won’t bother you. 
If the foregoing method does not turn your hair white, there are 
other methods you can try in shaft sinking, but it isn’t necessary to 
try more than one at a time. 
Of course, there are crosshead attachments that are supposed to 
hold the crosshead to the bucket until positively released; and also 
the guides can be properly aligned and gaged. But that would be 
too simple, and besides would spoil a perfectly good chance of getting 
pretty white hair. 
M. VAN SlCLEN, 
Assistant Chief Mining Engineer, United States Bureau of Mines miners’ safety and health ALMANAC FOR 1922. 
13 
Fourth month 
APRIL 
JO Days 
Moon’s Phases. Eastern Time. 
d. H. M. 
Eirst Quarter 5 12 45.6 a. m 
Full Moon 11 3 43.7 p. m 
Moon’s Phases. Eastern Time. 
d. n. m. 
Last Quarter 18 7 53.7 r. m. 
New Moon 27 12 3. 7 a. m. 
Day of 
month. 
Day of 
week. 
SAFETY HINTS AND HISTORICAL EVENTS. 
Sun 
rises. 
Sun 
sets. 
1 
Sat. 
All Fools’ Day. 
A. M. 
5. 46 
P. M. 
6. 23 
2 
Sun. 
First United States mint established, 1792. 
5. 45 
6.24 
3 
Mon. 
5. 43 
6. 25 
4 
Tue. 
5. 42 
6. 26 
5 
Wed. 
5. 40 
6. 27 
6 
Thu. 
War on Germany declared by the United States, 1917. 
5. 38 
6.27 
7 
Fri. 
No matter how great the hurry, always be careful. 
5. 37 
6. 28 
8 
Sat. 
5. 35 
6. 29 
9 
Sun. 
5. 34 
6. 30 
10 
Mon. 
5. 32 
6.31 
11 
Tue. 
5. 31 
6. 32 
12 
Wed. 
Confederates fired on Fort Sumter, 1861. 
5. 29 
6. 33 
13 
Thu. 
5. 28 
6. 34 
14 
Fri. 
Good Friday. 
5. 26 
6. 35 
15 
Sat. 
5.25 
6. 36 
16 
Sun. 
Easter Sunday. 
5. 23 
6.37 
17 
Mon. 
5. 22 
6. 38 
18 
Tue. 
5. 21 
6. 39 
19 
Wed. 
5. 19 
6. 40 
20 
Thu. 
It always pays to do your work carefully and well. 
5.18 
6. 41 
21 
Fri. 
5. 16 
6. 42 
22 
Sat. 
5. 15 
6. 43 
23 
Sun. 
5. 14 
6.44 
24 
Mon. 
Accidents and death are the price of carelessness. 
5.12 
6.45 
25 
Tue. 
Never deface a signboard. 
5.11 
6. 46 
26 
Wed. 
5. 10 
6.47 
27 
Thu. 
Mine explosion, Hastings, Colo., 1917; 122 killed. 
5. 08 
6.48 
28 
Fri. 
5. 07 
6. 49 
29 
Sat. 
Carbide containers should always be kept covered. 
5. 06 
6.50 
30 
Sun. 
Elevated railroads opened in New York, 1878. 
5. 04 
6. 51 
Think less* of time saved and more of risks taken. 14 
miners’ safety and HEALTH ALMANAC FOR 1922. 
THE TEETH AND THEIR CARE. 
One of the most important factors in preserving the health of 
miners is care of the teeth. The teeth were placed at the gateway of 
the human body to prepare the food for digestion. With dirty, 
decayed, diseased, broken, or missing teeth we can not expect to chew 
our food so as to prepare it properly for digestion. 
A well-cared-for mouth and teeth are a mark of character and a 
sign of careful attention to personal hygiene. A mouth filled with 
dirty, decayed, vile-smelling teeth is a reproach to any miner. 
Children also should be taught at an early age to brush the teeth 
and keep them clean. 
The teeth should be kept clean because clean teeth do not decay. 
Every miner and members of his family should visit a dentist at 
least every six months and have a careful examination made. What- 
ever dental work the dentist finds is needed should be done at once. 
No one should wait for toothache to send him to the dentist. 
PREVENTION OF FLIES. 
Any campaign for destroying flies should be directed toward the 
elimination of their breeding places. The most common breeding 
place in many mining camps is the manure pile. The female fly lays 
her eggs in manure, filth, or garbage, and in about two weeks, except 
in cold weather, the larvae develop into full-grown flies. 
Stables should be cleaned out and manure piles moved at least 
every two weeks, in order to prevent the hatching of fly eggs. When 
manure is removed from the stable, it should, if practicable, be scat- 
tered in a field, and allowed to dry. Fly breeding may be prevented 
by the application of borax, using not over 1 pound to 16 cubic feet 
of manure, if the manure is to be used as a fertilizer. A better plan 
is to sprinkle the manure pile or stable with a solution of 2 pounds of 
copperas per gallon of water. 
Battering the surface of a manure pile with a spade and thus con- 
solidating the pile will prevent the breeding of many flies for the 
heating of the manure just below the surface by decomposition is 
then such that the larvae are largely destroyed. 
Manure is valuable as a fertilizer and, if possible, should always be 
used in such manner. When manure can not be utilized as a ferti- 
lizer, it should always be disposed of in a way to prevent the breeding 
of flies. 
All other breeding places for flies in and around mining towns, as 
open privy vaults and accumulations of garbage, should be eliminated. miners’ safety and HEALTH ALMANAC FOR 1922. 
15 
Fifth month 
MAY 
31 Days 
Moon’s Phases. Eastern Time. 
d. H. M. 
First Quarter 4 7 55. 8 a. m. 
Full Moon 11 1 6.2 a.m. 
Moon’s Phases. Eastern Time. 
D. H. M. 
Last Quarter 18 1 16. 9 p. m 
New Moon 26 1 4. 0 p. m 
Day of 
month. 
Day of 
week. 
SAFETY HINTS AND HISTORICAL EVENTS. 
Sun 
rises. 
Sun 
sets. 
1 
Mon. 
American fleet victorious at Battle of Manila Bay, 1898. 
A. M. 
5. 03 
P. M. 
6. 52 
2 
Tue. 
Keep the teeth clean and visit a dentist regularly. 
5. 02 
6. 53 
3 
Wed. 
5.01 
6. 53 
4 
Thu. 
5.00 
6. 54 
5 
Fri. 
4. 59 
6. 55 
6 
Sat. 
4. 57 
6. 56 
7 
Sun. 
Lusitania sunk, 1915. 
4. 56 
6. 57 
8 
Mon. 
Flies spread filth and disease germs. 
4. 55 
6. 58 
9 
Tue. 
4. 54 
6. 59 
10 
Wed. 
Screens are very useful to keep out flies and mosquitoes. 
4. 53 
7.00 
11 
Thu. 
4. 52 
7.01 
12 
Fri. 
4. 51 
7.02 
13 
Sat. 
4. 50 
7. 03 
14 
Sun. 
Go after the fly early. Destroy his wintering place. 
4. 49 
7.04 
15 
Mon. 
4. 48 
7. 05 
16 
Tue. 
4. 47 
7. 06 
17 
Wed. 
4. 46 
7. 07 
18 
-Thu. 
4. 46 
7.07 
19 
Fri. 
Fraterville mine disaster, Coal Creek, Tenn., 1902; 184 
4. 45 
7.08 
20 
Sat. 
dead. 
4.44 
7. 09 
21 
Sun. 
4. 43 
7.10 
22 
Mon. 
The temporary teeth of children also require attention. 
4. 42 
7.11 
23 
Tue. 
4. 42 
7.12 
24 
Wed. 
4. 41 
7.13 
25 
Thu. 
Porfirio Diaz forced by revolutionists to resign presi- 
4. 40 
7.13 
26 
Fri. 
dency of Mexico, 1911. 
4. 40 
7.14 
27 
Sat. 
4. 39 
7.15 
28 
Sun. 
4. 39 
7.16 
29 
Mon. 
4. 38 
7.17 
30 
Tue. 
Memorial Day. 
4. 38 
7.17 
31 
Wed. 
4. 37 
7. 18 
Swat the fly is good; destroy his breeding-place is better. 16 
miners’ safety and health ALMANAC FOR lf>22. 
THE METAL MINER AND DUST. 
Dust particles in air are undoubtedly one of the worst menaces to 
the health of metal-mine employees, yet it is only infrequently that 
adequate precautions are taken to prevent the formation of dust. 
Unfortunately, the workers whose health is directly affected are 
the ones who are apt to resist the enforcement of measures designed 
to protect their health, and operators sometimes have to take drastic 
disciplinary measures before the workers will use the means provided 
for their own protection. This attitude of resistance by workers to 
the use of equipment for dust prevention gives reactionary mine 
officials an excuse for failing to enforce dust-prevention measures 
that they consider unnecessary, or even a useless fad. 
As far as our present knowledge goes, the most dangerous dust is 
that of free silica—quartz, flint, or chert; however, it is probable that 
breathing any dust may be harmful. The most harmful dust is that 
in which the particles have sharp or needlelike edges and are so small 
that they can not be seen by the naked eye. 
The main causes of dust in the air of metal mines are dry drilling, 
shooting, or the mucking or handling of dry material. 
The minute particles of dust remain suspended for several hours in 
the still air so frequently found at working places. Hence, it is 
extremely important to take measures to prevent dust formation, 
and to remove dust immediately, or to allay it where its formation 
can not be prevented. 
Much of the burden of eliminating dust rests on the mine manage- 
ment, but the attitude of the workers has a vital influence; and as 
the worker is the most vitally benefited, his influence should be 
thrown in favor of anything and everything to curb the dust menace. 
Instead of resisting the introduction of wet stopers, he should aid 
in their installation and successful use. Further, he should use water 
sprays regularly with dry stopers; should use hose freely when equip- 
ped for sprinkling; and should use ventilating doors, tubing, and 
other regulators as directed, instead of cutting, blasting, or wantonly 
destroying them in some way, as is often done. 
There is no doubt that many workers in our metal mines to-day 
are in poor health because of their opposition to using practices 
and equipment designed to help them. These workers should re- 
member that, while the employer has undoubted responsibility in 
providing for health and safety, they can determine to a large degree 
by their attitude whether the remedies adopted will be of actual 
benefit. 
Daniel Harrington, 
Supervising Mining Engineer, United States Bureau of Mines. MINERS’ SAFETY AND HEALTH ALMANAC FOR 1922. 
17 
JUNE 
Sixth month 
30 Days | 
Moon’s Phases. Eastern Time. 
d. H. M. 
First Quarter 2 1 10.1 p. m 
Full Moon 9 10 57. 9 a. m 
Moon’s Phases. Eastern Time. 
d. H. M. 
Last Quarter 17 7 3.2a.m. 
New Moon 24 11 19. 7 p. m. 
Day of 
month. 
Day of 
week. 
SAFETY HINTS AND HISTORICAL EVENTS. 
Sun 
rises. 
Sun 
sets. 
1 
Thu. 
Metal miners should avoid rock dust. 
A. M. 
4. 37 
P. M. 
7.19 
2 
Fri. 
4. 36 
7. 19 
3 
Sat. 
4. 36 
7. 20 
4 
Sun. 
4. 36 
7.21 
5 
Mon. 
Registration of all males in United States 21 to 31 years 
4. 35 
7. 21 
6 
Tue. 
of age, under Draft Act, 1917. 
Fine sharp particles of rock dust when inhaled into the 
4. 35 
7. 22 
7 
Wed. 
lungs cause miner’s consumption. 
4.35 
7. 23 
8 
Thu. 
Granite Mountain shaft lire, Butte, Mont., 1917; dead, 
4. 34 
7. 23 
9 
Fri. 
163. 
4.34 
7.24 
10 
Sat. 
President Harding approved the Budget Act, 1921. 
4. 34 
7. 24 
11 
Sun. 
Stenches in compressed air are used to warn miners. 
4. 34 
7. 25 
12 
Mon. 
Metal miners must learn the importance of ventilation. 
4. 34 
7. 25 
13 
Tue. 
4. 34 
7. 26 
14 
Wed. 
National Flag Day. 
4. 34 
7. 26 
15 
Thu. 
Washington chosen head of American Army, 1775. 
4. 34 
7. 27 
16 
Fri. 
4. 34 
7. 27 
17 
Sat. 
4. 34 
7. 27 
18 
Sun. 
Khartisk, Russia, mine diasaster, 1905; 500 killed. 
4. 34 
7. 28 
19 
Mon. 
4. 34 
7. 28 
20 
Tue. 
4. 34 
7. 28 
21 
Wed. 
American Army lands in Cuba, 1898. 
4. 34 
7. 28 
22 
Thu. 
4. 34 
' 7. 29 
23 
Fri. 
Be temperate in your habits. 
4. 35 
7. 29 
24 
Sat. 
4. 35 
7. 29 
25 
Sun. 
Keep down dust; use the water spray. 
4. 35 
7. 29 
26 
Mon. 
4. 36 
7. 29 
27 
Tue. 
Learn all exits from a mine. 
4. 36 
7. 29 
28 
Wed. 
4. 36 
7. 29 
29 
Thu. 
Metal mines require ventilation as well as coal mines. 
4. 37 
7. 29 
30 
Fri. 
4. 37 
7. 29 
Rock dust injures the lungs. Use wet stopers and avoid it. 18 
miners’ safety and health ALMANAC FOR 1922. 
TYPHOID FEVER 
Typhoid fever is a preventable disease. Its prevention rests on 
well-known facts that every miner should understand. The cause 
of typhoid fever is a small germ. These germs are thrown off in 
the discharges from the bowels and kidneys of persons who have 
the disease, who are recovering from it, or who have had it in the 
past. Typhoid germs enter the body in only one way; that is, 
through the mouth. When any one has typhoid fever it means 
that the person affected has eaten or drunk something containing 
typhoid fever germs. In plain words, the person sick with typhoid 
has swallowed something containing human filth. 
Food, fingers, and flies are the most important agencies through 
which typhoid fever is spread. Food, which includes milk and 
water, may be contaminated in various ways. Wells, springs, and 
other sources of drinking water are usually polluted directly by 
filth from insanitary privies or from sewers. 
Milk, which itself is an ideal medium for the growth of many 
germs, may be infected by the addition of water containing the 
germs of typhoid. 
The hands are chiefly important in spreading typhoid fever when 
they are used in handling or nursing cases of the disease. Persons 
nursing cases of typhoid should always be careful to wash the hands 
after handling the patients. All bedclothes from a case of typhoid 
fever should be put in an antiseptic solution immediately after 
removal from the bed. 
Flies are also a means by which filth from the open privy may 
be brought to the food. 
The prevention of typhoid fever may be accomplished by taking 
the following precautions: 
1. Installing and maintaining sanitary privies or sewers. 
2. Protecting the water and milk supply. 
3. Protecting foodstuffs from contamination. 
4. Destroying flies and their breeding places. 
5. Protective inoculation against typhoid. 
GOOD ADVICE. 
Thirty-five cents is a small sum, but with it any miner can make 
an investment that will pay him incalculable returns for the money 
spent. With this amount he can make a purchase that will preserve 
his health, aid in protecting him against several diseases, give him a 
feeling of cleanliness, and improve his appearance as nothing else 
will do. 
This investment is safe and is recommended to all miners. Buy 
a toothbrush and use it daily. MINERS’ SAFETY AND HEALTH ALMANAC FOR 1922. 
19 
Seventh month 
JULY 
31 Days 
Moon’s Phases. Eastern Time. 
d. h. m. 
First Quarter 1 5 51.9 p. m. 
Full Moon 8 10 7.3 p. m. 
Last Quarter 17 12 11.0 a.m. 
Moon’s Phases. Eastern Time. 
d. H. M. 
New Moon 24 7 47.1 A. m. 
First Quarter 30 11 21. 6 p. m. 
Day of 
month. 
Day of 
week. 
SAFETY HINTS AND HISTORICAL EVENTS. 
Sun 
rises. 
Sun 
sets. 
1 
Sat. 
Americans engage Spaniards in battle at El Caney and 
A. M. 
4. 38 
P. M. 
7. 29 
2 
Sun. 
San Juan Hill, Cuba, 1898. 
4. 38 
7.29 
3 
Mon. 
Congressional resolution declaring peace with Germany 
4. 38 
7.29 
4 
Tue. 
signed by President Harding, 1921. 
Independence Day. National holiday. 
4. 39 
7.29 
5 
Wed. 
4.40 
7.29 
6 
Thu. 
Boil your drinking water if you think it not clean. 
4. 40 
7. 29 
7 
Fri. 
4. 41 
7. 28 
8 
Sat. 
Be sure your milk is good. 
4.41 
7. 28 
9 
Sun. 
4.42 
7. 28 
10 
Mon. 
4.42 
7.27 
11 
Tue. 
Former President W. H. Taft takes oath of office as 
4. 43 
7.27 
12 
Wed. 
Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court, 
1921. 
Prophylactic inoculation has banished typhoid fever 
4.44 
7. 27 
13 
Thu. 
from the United States Army. 
Joseph A. Holmes, first director of United States Bureau 
4.44 
7. 26 
14 
Fri. 
of Mines, died, 1915. 
Alfred Nobel invented dynamite, 1868. 
4. 45 
7. 26 
15 
Sat. 
4. 46 
7. 25 
16 
Sun. 
Build sanitary privies and prevent typhoid fever. 
4. 47 
7.25 
17 
Mon. 
4. 47 
7. 24 
18 
Tue. 
4. 48 
7. 23 
19 
Wed. 
4.49 
7.23 
20 
Thu. 
Mine disaster, Toyooka, Japan, 1907; 400 lives lost. 
4. 50 
7. 22 
21 
Fri. 
American troops take Chateau-Thierry from Germans, 
4. 50 
7. 21 
22 
Sat. 
1918. 
4. 51 
7.21 
23 
Sun. 
4. 52 
7. 20 
24 
Mon. 
4. 53 
7. 19 
25 
Tue. 
Typhoid fever is a filth-borne disease. 
4. 54 
7. 18 
26 
Wed. 
4. 55 
7.18 
27 
Thu. 
4. 55 
7. 17 
28 
Fri. 
Polluted drinking water is one way typhoid fever is 
4. 56 
7.16 
29 
Sat. 
spread. 
4. 57 
7. 15 
30 
Sun. 
4. 58 
7. 14 
31 
Mon. 
Welongong, Australia, mine disaster, 1902; 120 dead. 
4. 59 
7.13 
Clear, sparkling water is not necessarily pure. 20 
miners’ safety and health almanac FOR 1022. 
SAFETY—A COMMON MEETING GROUND. 
In the fight for safety there are no differences of position or pay. 
Bosses and workmen must share the responsibility, for, if either fal- 
ters in bearing his part, accidents and sickness will bring suffering 
and, possibly, death. 
The miner’s duty to himself and his family is to keep himself 
healthy and uninjured. The company’s duty to the miner and the 
miner’s family is to provide safe and healthful working conditions. 
The company is responsible for proper ventilation of working faces, 
for the installation of proper safeguards to dangerous machinery, and 
for the instruction of miners so that they may do their work safely. 
The miner’s responsibility is that of being careful, of doing his work 
without taking chances, of being certain that no thoughtless or care- 
less deed will result in injury to a fellow worker. 
Viewed in a cold, practical way, accidents cost money. But 
accidents mean more than financial loss to the company. After an 
accident, when families are grouped about a mine, staring with tear- 
filled eyes at the mouth of the shaft and wondering if their “man” 
has been killed, they have the instant sympathy of the officials of the 
company who share with them the common grief. Accidents always 
bring suffering, but it is suffering that is felt by all. 
The time to realize this is before the accident happens. Accidents 
that can be prevented do not have to happen. But, if they are to be 
prevented, miners and bosses must work together and must each 
share the responsibility. 
The work to prevent sickness and accidents is a common meeting- 
ground on which everyone, from the lowest-paid worker to the highest- 
paid executive, must stand shoulder to shoulder as men fighting the 
same battle against injury and disease. 
F. J. Bailey, 
Assistant to the Director, United States Bureau of Mines. 
SAVE SOMETHING. 
During the World War all miners and their families had impressed 
upon them in many ways the need of thrift and saving. For some, 
the lesson remains with them and they are continuing to save and 
lay aside something; others have forgotten this lesson and are spend- 
ing freely all they earn. 
When work is plenty and pay is good, always remember the need 
of thrift, for a time may come when work will be scarce and pay 
smaller. 
Making money is easy; saving money requires skill and thrift. 
Lay aside something every pay day. MINERS’ SAFETY AND HEALTH ALMANAC FOR 1922. 
21 
Eighth month 
AUGUST 
3! Days 
Moon’s Phases. Eastern Time. 
d. H. M. 
Full Moon 7 11 18.7 a. m. 
Last Quarter 15 3 45.8 p.m. 
Moon’s Phases. Eastern Time. 
D. H. M. 
New Moon 22 3 34.0 p. m. 
First Quarter 29 6 54.9 a. m. 
Day of 
month. 
Day of 
week. 
SAFETY HINTS AND HISTORICAL EVENTS. 
Sun 
rises. 
Sun 
sets. 
1 
Tue. 
Every miner owes it to his fellow workers to be careful. 
A. M. 
5. 00 
P. M. 
7. 12 
2 
Wed. 
5. 01 
7. 11 
3 
Thu. 
Columbus sailed from Spain, 1492. 
5. 02 
7.09 
4 
Fri. 
First cable message across Atlantic Ocean, 1857. 
Make “Safety” your motto. 
5. 02 
7. 09 
5 
Sat. 
5. 03 
7. 08 
6 
Sun. 
5.04 
7. 07 
7 
Mon. 
Accidents are costly; avoid them. 
5. 05 
7. 06 
8 
Tue. 
5. 06 
7. 05 
9 
Wed. 
Do not decry expert knowledge; heed it. 
5. 07 
7. 03 
10 
Thu. 
5. 08 
7. 02 
11 
Fri. 
Science has no enemy save the ignorant. 
5. 09 
7. 01 
12 
Sat. 
5. 10 
7. 00 
13 
Sun. 
New German constitution proclaimed, 1919. 
5. 11 
6. 59 
14 
Mon. 
Gold discovered in Alaska, 1896. 
5. 11 
6. 57 
15 
Tue. 
Panama Canal opened to navigation, 1914. 
5.12 
6. 56 
16 
Wed. 
5. 13 
6. 55 
17 
Thu. 
Nothing can be accomplished without calculation. 
5. 14 
6. 53 
18 
Fri. 
5. 15 
6.52 
19 
Sat. 
5. 16 
6. 51 
20 
Sun. 
Save some of your earnings. 
5. 17 
6. 49 
21 
Mon. 
Cooperate heartily in all safety work. 
5. 18 
6. 48 
22 
Tue. 
5. 19 
6. 46 
23 
Wed. 
Compasses were used by the Chinese over 3,000 years ago. 
5. 20 
6.45 
24 
Thu. 
Keep clear of switches and trolley wires in mines. 
5.21 
6.44 
25 
Fri. 
5.21 
6. 42 
26 
Sat. 
Nineteenth amendment to United States Constitution 
5. 22 
6.41 
27 
Sun. 
proclaimed, 1920 (Woman Suffrage). 
5. 23 
6.39 
28 
Mon. 
Drake drove first oil well in America, in Pennsylvania, 
5. 24 
6. 38 
29 
Tue. 
1859. 
5. 25 
6. 36 
30 
Wed. 
5.26 
6. 35 
31 
Thu. 
Plan to save a certain amount every pay day. 
5. 27 
6. 33 
Safety methods pay both miner and mine operator. 22 
miners’ safety and HEALTH ALMANAC FOR 1922. 
WHAT WILL BE YOUR CONDITION A YEAR FROM NOW? 
Do you know that in the United States every year 3,000 men 
are killed in mines and 200,000 are injured ? And, further, do you 
know that more than half of these deaths and injuries are caused by 
the carelessness of those killed and injured or are due to the careless- 
ness of fellow employees? 
Will you, one year hence, be among those 3,000 silent ones who 
have passed to the Great Beyond, or will you be numbered among 
those 200,000 living proofs of the work of the great demon Careless- 
ness? We trust you will be absent from both groups, but your 
absence will depend greatly upon your own choice of conduct. 
No man in his right mind deliberately invites personal injury but, 
as the above figures show, many men fail to avoid injury deliberately. 
Your keeping a sound body through life depends on your asserting 
your rightness of mind by most deliberately avoiding places and con- 
ditions liable to cause you injury. 
“Safety First” is a very short phrase, but if properly applied it has 
a world of possibilities. “Safety First” is the worst enemy of old 
demon Carelessness, and is a good friend to you. It stands for the 
exercise of foresight in anticipating dangerous conditions so they 
may be avoided. It recognizes known causes of accidents as probable 
causes of like accidents, and points to the necessity of remedying 
such causes. It suggests that your good judgment be kept ever on 
the alert to sense hazards, to correct them if possible, and, if they can 
not be corrected or eliminated, to stay away from them and warn 
others to do likewise. 
“Safety First” places on you an obligation to protect your own 
body and limbs from injury. If you accept this obligation as good 
practice for your own protection, it must also be good practice for 
your fellow employees and you should enlist the interest of those who 
labor with you for “Safety First.” No matter how careful you may 
be, if some fellow worker fails to observe the rules of safety, you may 
be the one to suffer. Be a whole-hearted “Safety First” booster. 
Think “Safety First,” talk “Safety First,” and act “Safety First” in 
your work, at home, and on the streets. 
You are counted on to do your level best to cut down the number 
of monuments erected to Carelessness. Do your share and encourage 
others to join you in eliminating preventable accidents, thus saving 
loss of time and wages, preventing needless disability and suffering, 
and making unnecessary the anguish and grief of wives, kiddies, and 
other loved ones. 
Arthur L. Murray, 
Car Surgeon, United States Bureau of Mines. MINERS’ SAFETY AND HEALTH ALMANAC FOR 1922. 
23 
Ninth month 
SEPTEMBER 
30 Days 
Moon’s Phases. Eastern Time. 
D. H. M. 
Full Moon 6 2 47.2 a.m. 
Last Quarter 14 5 20.0 a.m. 
Moon’s Phases. Eastern Time. 
D. H. M. 
New Moon 20 11 38.3 p. m. 
First Quarter 27 5 40.4 p. m. 
Day of 
month. 
Day of 
week. 
SAFETY HINTS AND HISTORICAL EVENTS. 
Sun 
rises. 
Sun 
sets. 
1 
Fri. 
Help destroy the demon, carelessness. 
A. M. 
5. 28 
P. M. 
6. 32 
2 
Sat. 
5. 29 
6.30 
3 
Sun. 
5. 30 
6. 29 
4 
Mon. 
Labor Day. 
5. 31 
6. 27 
5 
Tue. 
Russo-Japanese War ended, 1905. 
5. 31 
6. 26 
6 
Wed. 
5. 32 
6. 24 
7 
Thur. 
Health is man’s credit at the bank of life. 
5. 33 
6. 23 
8 
Fri. 
5. 34 
6.21 
9 
Sat, 
5. 35 
6. 19 
10 
Sun. 
Perry’s victory over British on Lake Erie, 1813. 
5. 36 
6. 18 
11 
Mon. 
5. 37 
6. 16 
12 
Tue. 
5. 38 
6. 15 
13 
Wed. 
American troops wipe out remainder of St. Mihicl 
5. 39 
6. 13 
14 
Thur. 
salient, 1918. 
Destructive storm and tidal wave at Corpus Christi, 
5. 39 
6. 11 
15 
Fri. 
Tex., 1919. 
5. 40 
6. 10 
16 
Sat. 
5.41 
6. 08 
17 
Sun. 
. 
5. 42 
6. 07 
18 
Mon. 
“Think first” is the practical application of “safety 
5. 43 
6. 05 
19 
Tue. 
first.” 
5. 44 
6. 02 
20 
Wed. 
5. 45 
6. 03 
21 
Thur. 
5. 46 
6.00 
22 
Fri. 
5. 47 
5. 59 
23 
Sat. 
The safety movement is beyond the experimental 
5. 48 
5. 57 
24 
Sun. 
stage. 
5. 48 
5.55 
25 
Mon. 
5. 49 
5. 54 
26 
Tue. 
5. 50 
5. 52 
27 
Wed. 
Bulgarians ask for armistice and terms of peace, 1918. 
5. 51 
5. 51 
28 
Thur. 
5. 52 
5. 49 
29 
Fri. 
5. 53 
5.47 
30 
Sat. 
Be a better miner and a more careful miner. 
5. 54 
5. 46 
Make the mine a safe place in which to work. 24 
MINERS ’ SAFETY AND HEALTH ALMANAC FOR 1922. 
TAKING CHANCES. 
“I’ll get it.when it’s coming to me, why worry?” is the way many 
men look at warnings of accidents. But these “ why worry ” fellows are 
the ones who are most apt to be “bumped off”. Maybe they believe 
in Fate, saying that their life history is all mapped out, and that they 
are scheduled to pass on at a certain hour of a certain day, and that 
nothing they can do in the meanwhile makes any difference. 
The fact that some of these men have escaped death by a hair on 
previous occasions may give strength to this belief, but it won’t 
prevent them from getting caught when they’ve taken one chance 
too many. The dare-devils will get caught sooner or later, whether 
they take chances in mines, airplanes, or submarines. The law of 
averages is always working, day and night. 
There was once a miner who used to hop the cages, whether they 
stopped at his level or not. One day he was a little slow; he was 
buried a few days later. Fate had nothing to do with this accident. 
The miner simply took one chance too many. 
It may be possible to escape unhurt for a while, but if you wish to 
live to see your children grow to manhood and womanhood, play the 
game safely. Let those who have no responsibilities take the chances. 
If you have a family, remember that every time you take a chance 
your family is right alongside, taking the same chance. 
E. B. Swanson, 
United States Bureau of Mines. 
CATARRH. 
The term catarrh, as used by the general public and by miners, is so 
very broad that it may mean almost anything. Usually the term is 
employed in connection with any disturbance of the ears, nose, or 
throat. Catarrh is a symptom. The condition that people designate 
as catarrh may in reality be a symptom of one of a number of diseases. 
Numerous conditions are said to be caused by catarrh: Disturbed 
breathing, or a stuffiness in the nose, a dripping in the back of the nose 
and throat, susceptibility to colds, ringing in the ears; in fact, almost 
any disturbance of the nose or throat may be called catarrh. 
The symptoms that are designated as catarrh may be due to enlarged 
or deformed nasal bones, improper bending of the cartilage of the nose, 
injuries, as from the kick of a mule or a blow from a fall or rock, or to 
the presence of pus germs in the cavities—called sinuses—of the bones 
of the face. 
Miners who have the symptoms usually ascribed to catarrh should 
consult a reliable nose and throat specialist. Considerable relief and 
oftentimes permanent cures are effected by taking the proper treat- 
ment, especially surgical treatment. MINERS’ SAFETY AND HEALTH ALMANAC FOR 1022. 
25 
OCTOBER 
Tenth month 
31 Days 
Moon’s Phases. Eastern Time. 
d. H. M. 
Full Moon 5 7 58.3 p. m. 
Last Quarter 13 4 55.4 p. m. 
Moon’s Phases. Eastern Time. 
d. H. M. 
New Moon 20 8 40.2 a. m. 
First Quarter 27 8 26.4 A. m. 
Day of 
month. 
Day of 
week. 
SAFETY HINTS AND HISTORICAL EVENTS. 
Sun 
rises. 
Sun 
sets. 
1 
Sun. 
No miner has the right to endanger the lives of his fel- 
A. M . 
5. 55 
P. M. 
5. 44 
2 
Mon. 
low workers. 
5.56 
5. 43 
3 
Tue. 
5. 57 
5. 41 
4 
Wed. 
5. 58 
5. 40 
5 
Thu. 
Taking chances is foolish and dangerous. 
5.59 
5.38 
6 
Fri. 
6. 00 
5. 36 
7 
Sat. 
6. 01 
5. 35 
8 
Sun. 
6. 02 
5.33 
9 
Mon. 
6. 03 
5. 32 
10 
Tue. 
Anglo-Boer War began, 1899. 
6.04 
5. 30 
11 
Wed. 
Argonne Forest completely cleared of Germans by 
6. 04 
5. 29 
12 
Thu. 
American troops, 1918. 
6. 05 
5. 27 
13 
Fri. 
6. 06 
5. 26 
14 
Sat. 
Mine disaster, Senghenydd, Wales, 1913; dead, 423. 
6. 07 
5. 24 
15 
Sun. 
6. 08 
5. 23 
16 
Mon. 
6. 09 
5. 21 
17 
Tue. 
6. 10 
5. 20 
18 
Wed. 
A diseased condition of the nose or throat often causes 
6. 12 
5. 19 
19 
Thu. 
susceptibility to colds. 
6. 13 
5. 17 
20 
Fri. 
6. 14 
5.16 
21 
Sat. 
Carelessness invites accidents. 
6. 15 
5. 14 
22 
Sun. 
Stag Canon mine disaster, Dawson, N. Mex., 1913; 
6. 16 
5.13 
23 
Mon. 
dead, 263. 
Americans advance on 15-mile front north of Banthe- 
6. 17 
5.12 
24 
Tue. 
ville, 1918. 
6. 18 
5.10 
25 
Wed. 
6. 19 
5. 09 
26 
Thu. 
6. 20 
5. 08 
27 
Fri. 
Get with the right crowd; boost for safety. 
6. 21 
5. 07 
28 
Sat. 
6. 22 
5. 05 
29 
Sun. 
6. 23 
5.04 
30 
Mon. 
6. 24 
5. 03 
31 
Tue. 
Diseased tonsils frequently cause other diseases to 
6. 25 
5. 02 
develop. 
The road to the cemetery is paved with careless acts. 26 
miners’ safety and health ALMANAC FOR 1922. 
COOPERATION BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES BUREAU OF 
MINES AND THE NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL. 
One of the most important and far-reaching steps toward the main- 
taining of safety in mines during the past year has been a cooperative 
agreement entered into between the United States Bureau of Mines 
and the National Safety Council. Through this cooperation an engi- 
neer from the Bureau of Mines has been loaned to the National 
Safety Council for the purpose of disseminating information on 
safety among the mine operators of the United States, acting as a 
clearing house for safety-service information. 
In spite of all that can be done by the mining companies to prevent 
accidents, the main accident-preventive measures depend decidedly 
on each individual miner, be he mucker, miner, or general superin- 
tendent. Unless carelessness can be eliminated, accidents will 
happen. Carelessness on your part or on the part of your fellow 
workmen should never be tolerated. Prudent miners will seek 
employment only in those mines that have adopted the best plan 
of accident prevention and, having obtained employment, will insist 
that their fellow workmen consider safety and safety measures, not 
as mere trifles but as a vital part of their everyday life. 
C. Lorimer Colburn, 
Mining Engineer, United States Bureau of Mines. 
COLDS. 
The prevention of colds, grippe, and influenza, is accomplished by 
the same general measures. These diseases are contagious and are 
spread by coughing, sneezing, using the same drinking glasses, the 
same towels, or by coming in contact in some other manner with the 
secretion from the nose or mouth of a person who is sick with the 
disease, or who has apparently recovered but is still throwing off 
the germs. 
Human sputum or spit is probably the principal means of spreading 
these diseases. Therefore, in their prevention there are two things 
to be done. 
1. Avoid coming in contact with the spit from any other person. 
2. Keep the body robust and healthy. 
To avoid contact with spit from other persons, considerable care 
must be exercised, as human spit is always carelessly disposed of and 
often is unconsciously spread on many articles with which we come 
in contact. Working tools, drinking cups, handkerchiefs, towels, are 
all common objects by which spit is spread. 
Persons who have recurring colds or who are very susceptible to 
colds should have a careful examination made of the mouth, nose, 
and throat. Adenoids, diseased tonsils, or bone blocking of the nos- 
trils are sometimes responsible for the tendency to catch colds easily. MINERS1 SAFETY AND HEALTH ALMANAC FOR 1922. 
27 
Eleventh mon th 
NOVEMBER 
30 Days 
Moon’s Phases. Eastern Time. 
d. H. M. 
Full Moon 4 1 36.5 p. m. 
Last quarter 12 2 52.5 a. m. 
Moon’s Phases. Eastern Time. 
d. H. M. 
New Moon 18 7 6.4 p. m. 
First Quarter 26 3 15. 0 a. i.i. 
Day of Day of 
month. | week. 
SAFETY HINTS AND HISTORICAL EVENTS. 
Sun 
rises. 
Sun 
sets. 
A. V. 
P. M. 
1 
Wed. 
6. 26 
5.01 
2 
Thur. 
President Warren G. Harding born, 1865. 
6. 27 
4. 59 
3 
Fri. 
Austria surrenders to the Allies, 1918. 
6. 28 
4. 58 
4 
Sat. 
Sleep with fresh air in your room. 
6. 30 
4. 57 
5 
Sun. 
6. 31 
4. 56 
6 
Mon. 
6. 32 
4. 55 
7 
Tue. 
Passage of German peace envoys to French headquar- 
ters arranged, 1918. 
6. 33 
4. 54 
8 
Wed. 
Avoid all kinds of excesses. 
6. 34 
4. 53 
9 
Thur. 
6. 35 
4. 52 
10 
Fri. 
Wear clothing suited to the weather. 
6. 36 
4.51 
11 
Sat. 
German envoys sign armistice terms, 1918. Armistice 
6. 37 
4. 50 
Day. 
12 
Sun. 
Mine disaster at Hamm, Germany, 1908; dead, 300. 
6. 38 
4. 49 
13 
Mon. 
Work in as much fresh air as possible. 
6. 40 
6. 49 
14 
Tue. 
6.41 
4.48 
15 
Wed. 
Brazil proclaimed a Republic, 1889. 
6. 42 
4. 47 
16 
Thur. 
6. 43 
4. 46 
17 
Fri. 
Cherry, 111., mine fire, 1909; dead, 259. 
6. 44 
4. 45 
18 
Sat. 
6. 45 
4. 45 
19 
Sun. 
6. 46 
4. 44 
20 
Mon. 
Colds are catching. 
6. 47 
4. 43 
21 
Tue. 
Avoid sudden chilling of the body. 
6. 48 
4. 43 
22 
Wed. 
6. 50 
4.42 
23 
Thur. 
Always cover a cough or sneeze. 
6. 51 
4.42 
24 
Fri. 
6. 52 
4. 41 
25 
Sat. 
6. 53 
4.41 
26 
Sun. 
Albert B. Fall, Secretary of the Interior, born 1861. 
6. 54 
4. 40 
27 
Mon. 
6. 55 
4. 40 
28 
Tue. 
Serious consequences sometimes follow colds. 
6. 56 
4. 40 
29 
Wed. 
6. 57 
4. 39 
30 
Thur. 
Thanksgiving Day. 
6.58 
4. 39 
The TT. S. Bureau of Mines gives free training in mine-rescue and 
first-aid work. 28 
miners’ safety and health almanac FOR 1922. 
HEALTH SUPERVISION OF SCHOOL CHILDREN. 
Miners’ children not only should have sanitary and comfortable 
school buildings, but should have their health looked after. Studies 
of the physical condition of children in many places have shown that 
large numbers of them have physical defects which had been unrecog- 
nized and unsuspected. Many of the-defects thus shown are prevent- 
able and remediable. If they are not remedied they result not only 
in reducing individual efficiency, but also in reducing national 
efficiency, as was so clearly shown during the World War by the high 
percentage of American citizens found unfit for military service by 
the physical examinations made under the selective-service law. 
The conditions under which children assemble in school, and not the 
school itself, are largely responsible for much of the sickness con- 
tracted during school life and for the persistence of physical defects. 
The control of adverse conditions during this period not only has an 
immediate beneficial influence on the health of the children, but 
serves to teach them most effectively the principles of personal 
hygiene, the nonobservance of which is now believed to be mainly 
responsible for the large annual increase in the number of deaths 
from degenerative diseases later in life. 
The demands of a reasonable medical inspection of school children 
are met by the following observances: (1) To examine for the pres- 
ence of physical or mental defects which make it inadvisable for cer- 
tain children to attend school; (2) to measure and weigh all children 
to determine the average physical development by sex and 1-year 
age periods, and the utilization of such standards as an index of 
nutrition and as a guide to the discovery of harmful causes in the case 
of children who do not develop normally; (3) to discover, remove, 
and prevent defects of dentition, hearing, posture, and vision that 
hamper children in school work and retard their physical and mental 
development; (4) to aid the health authorities in the control of 
communicable diseases. 
Taliaferro Clark, 
Surgeon, United States Public Health Service. 
THERE IS NO ARMISTICE WITH VENEREAL DISEASE. 
In the fight for safety and better health miners should remember 
that venereal diseases (gonorrhea and syphilis) cause much loss of 
time and money as well as untold suffering and misery. These 
diseases are preventable and miners should avoid them. 
Join now in the campaign to make our country free of these 
destructive and costly diseases. MINERS’ SAFETY AND HEALTH ALMANAC FOR 1922. 
29 
Twelfth month 
DECEMBER 
31 Days 
Moon’s Phases. Eastern Time. 
D. H. M. 
Full Moon 4 6 23.6 a. m 
Last Quarter 11 11 40. 7 a. m 
Moon’s Phases. Eastern Time. 
d. H. M. 
New Moon 18 7 20. 0 A. m. 
First Quarter 26 12 53.1 a. m. 
Day of 
month. 
Day of 
week. 
SAFETY HINTS AND HISTORICAL EVENTS. 
Sun 
rises. 
Sun 
sets. 
1 
Fri. 
Fortunate is the mining town that has a whole-time 
A. M. 
6. 59 
P. M. 
4. 39 
2 
Sat. 
health officer. 
7.00 
4. 38 
3 
Sun. 
7.01 
4. 38 
4 
Mon. 
The mining company can not keep a camp clean unless 
7.02 
4. 38 
5 
Tue. 
everyone helps. 
7.03 
4. 38 
6 
Wed. 
Monongah mine disaster, W. Va., 1907; dead, 361. 
7. 04 
4. 38 
7 
Thu. 
7. 05 
4. 38 
8 
Fri. 
Venereal diseases often hide behind the screen of false 
7.06 
4. 38 
9 
Sat. 
modesty. 
7.07 
4. 38 
10 
Sun. 
7. 07 
4. 38 
11 
Mon. 
Marconi signals letter “S” across Atlantic Ocean by 
7. 08 
4. 38 
12 
Tue. 
wireless, 1901. 
Peace declared between United States and Spain, 1898. 
7.09 
4. 38 
13 
Wed. 
All cases of venereal disease should be treated until 
7. 10 
4. 38 
14 
Thu. 
completely cured. 
Laying of Pacific cable begun at San Francisco, 1902. 
7.10 
4. 39 
15 
Fri. 
7. 11 
4. 39 
16 
Sat. 
Help the health officer in every way possible. 
7. 12 
4. 39 
17 
Sun. 
7. 13 
4. 39 
18 
Mon. 
7. 13 
4. 40 
19 
Tue. 
Darr mine disaster, Pennsylvania, 1907; dead, 239. 
7. 14 
4. 40 
20 
Wed. 
Landing of Pilgrims at Plymouth, Mass., 1620. 
7.14 
4.41 
21 
Thu. 
Mine disaster at Bolton, England, 1910; 300 killed. 
7.15 
4.41 
22 
Fri. 
7.15 
4. 42 
23 
Sat. 
Keep up the fight against venereal diseases. 
7.16 
4. 42 
24 
Sun. 
7.16 
4. 43 
25 
Mon. 
Christmas Day. National holiday. 
7.17 
4. 43 
26 
Tue. 
7. 17 
4. 44 
27 
Wed. 
7.18 
4.44 
28 
Thu. 
Keep clean, mentally, morally, and physically. 
7. 18 
4. 45 
29 
Fri. 
Chinese Republic proclaimed, 1911. 
7. 18 
4. 46 
30 
Sat. 
Iroquois Theater fire, Chicago, 1903; lives lost, 575. 
7. 18 
4. 47 
31 
Sun. 
Has the past year been worth while? 
7. 19 
4. 47 
Protect the health of your children. 30 
miners’ safety and health ALMANAC FOR 1922. 
THE ADVANCE OF SAFETY. 
How many people ever stop to think of the differences between the 
safety movement of to-day and the safety movement of 15 or 20 
years ago ? Then, it was a catchword, used only by a few far-sighted 
men, who foresaw that before results could be accomplished the move- 
ment for greater safety must become contagious and spread among 
the men actually engaged in the industry. Most of us used to ignore 
the true meaning of safety and we took chances according to our 
individual judgment and temperament. At best, safety seemed 
something apart from the every day working of a mine and an ideal 
that could be reached only by sacrificing some of the skill and effec- 
tiveness we wished to put into our work. 
Now, in all well-conducted mining operations the safety movement 
has come to stay. In designing every successful piece of machinery 
engineers recognize the importance of safety features as well as the 
amount of money that may be saved by using it. No installation 
of apparatus is attempted without safety being considered equally 
with saving of time and labor. No method of mining, whether 
underground or surface, can be given a trial until everyone is satis- 
fied that safety is preserved. 
For this change in attitude, you miners are largely responsible. 
You no longer think it “yellow” not to work under dangerous condi- 
tions, when such conditions may be remedied. You have shown ap- 
preciation of all the companies’ expenditures that make mines a 
safer and better place to work in, and, best of all, you have taken 
that continued personal interest in the movement for greater safety 
without which progress would have been impossible. 
E. A. Holbrook, 
Assistant Director, United States Bureau of Mines. 
EVERY MINER SHOULD STUDY FIRST AID. 
There is nothing in the entire career of the mine worker that is 
more important than a diligent study of mine-rescue and first-aid 
methods. Under auspices of the United States Bureau of Mines, 
instructions have been given to coal miners in hundreds of mines 
throughout the country, and the bureau is anxious to cooperate with 
the miners everywhere so that they may become efficient in the work 
of rendering first aid to their injured fellow workers. 
United Mine Workers' Journal. miners’ safety and health almanac FOR 1922. 
31 
WET STOPING DRILLS VERSUS DRY STOPING DRILLS. 
The introduction of machine drills in mines and the improvement 
and development of the drills into the stopers now used have been 
accompanied by a decided increase in cases of miners’ consumption. 
Especially is this true of hammer-type drills. The cry for faster 
drilling, more ore, and lower costs has spurred the makers of these 
machines to improve them and has led employers to put them into 
use. Little was thought of the effect on the health of miners using 
machine drills until the hammer-type drill was put on the market. 
Examination of 720 men in the Joplin district, Missouri, developed 
the following facts: 25 per cent of the men were well, 46 per cent had 
miners’ consumption, and 15 per cent had tuberculosis in addition to 
miners’ consumption. In South Africa, out of 3,181 men examined 
1,009 were infected. In Butte, Mont., of 1,018 examined 398, or 39 
per cent, had miners’ consumption, 42 of whom also had tuberculosis. 
To overcome the dust from drilling many devices have been sug- 
gested, among them being a spray of water at the collar of the hole 
and the use of a respirator. The spray did not prove a success, 
especially in flat dipping holes, and the respirator put on the market 
was so inconvenient that it was almost impossible to get a miner to 
wear one. 
Development of the self-rotating hammer drills using hollow 
drill steel and feeding water through the bit has revolutionized rock 
drilling and solved the dust problem in flat holes. Not until recently 
has this principle been applied to the stoping drill, chiefly, perhaps, 
because the drill had to be bigger and heavier and additional con- 
nections were necessary. It was supposed that these features would 
condemn the drill among miners, but they have not in those Utah 
mines where the wet stoping drill has been tried out. 
Three lead-silver mines in Utah have been experimenting with 
different types of wet stoping drills with complete success. They 
have proved that the wet stopes drill faster than the dry stoping 
machines, but they are a little heavier and require better stagings. 
Less danger to the miners’ health and faster drilling are facts that 
practically assure the universal adoption of wet stoping drills, pro- 
vided everybody cooperates. 
We all know the terrible toll of death and disease from rock dust 
and lead particles. We now have wet machines that are practicable 
for every kind of drilling. So let us quit doing so much talking and 
actually put them into use—everywhere. 
C. A. Allen, 
Mining Engineer, United States Bureau of Mines. 32 
MINERS’ SAFETY AND HEALTH ALMANAC FOR 1922. 
KEEP THE WATCHDOG AWAKE. 
Some people walk in their sleep. Such people are rare, but any- 
body can do things without knowing how he is doing them. Do 
you put on your right or your left shoe first? Do you button your 
clothes with your right or left hand? Few people are conscious of 
how they do customary actions, and the reason why is because all 
our actions are under two sets of control, just as the spark plugs of 
an automobile are under two sets of control. When you start your 
machine you start it on battery to get a strong spark, but after it 
is running you switch to magneto, because that is automatic and 
saves draining the battery, which is a more delicate apparatus. 
The first time you do an act your conscious mind directs it, because 
there is need of careful attention, but after you have done it many 
times, like buttoning your clothes or putting on your shoes, the 
unconscious mind takes it over, and the spinal cord directs it, thus 
relieving the brain, which is a much more delicate structure than 
the spinal cord. In much the same way things are done about a 
plant; when something new is started the manager or superintendent 
devotes a good deal of time to looking after it, but after it is estab- 
lished and running smoothly he depends on some one whose time 
is less valuable to look after it. 
Turning over our customary actions to the spinal cord to direct 
involves the same hazard as arises in turning over the supervision 
of a process to a man who does not understand it as well as the man 
who started it. Some unusual situation arises that calls for special 
attention and the routine supervisor is not prepared to give it. Then 
an accident happens. A man goes up and down a ladder day after 
day until he does it automatically. One day there is a broken 
round; he doesn’t notice it and falls. He passes beneath a trolley 
wire daily; one day it is hanging down; he doesn’t notice it and 
gets a shock. 
How can such accidents be prevented? Only by keeping the 
senses alert and ready to take command on the instant when there 
is any change in the normal conditions. Train your eye to see and 
your ear to hear anything unusual and you may save yourself a 
serious injury. 
Thomas T. Head, 
Chief, Division of Education and Information, 
United States Bureau of Mines. miners’ safety and health almanac FOR li)22. 
33 
The movie of a careless miner. Test your roof. 34 
miners’ safety and health ALMANAC FOR 1022. 
WHAT THE METAL MINER MAY DO TO SAVE HIMSELF AND 
COMPANIONS AT TIME OF A MINE FIRE. 
Much has been written on the rescuing of miners from fires in 
metal mines, but little instruction has been given to the individual 
miner on what he should do to save himself. If uninstructed as to 
the dangers from the poisonous gases from a mine fire, he usually 
rushes to the nearest exit and perhaps loses his way or is overcome 
by the deadly fumes. More men have lost their lives from gas 
than from burns. The most deadly gas is tasteless, odorless, and 
invisible; it is known as carbon monoxide, and is usually given off 
when wood or other material is burning in a confined space. It is 
found especially in places where no air is moving, such as in dead- 
end drifts, stopes, or raises. An atmosphere containing 100 parts of 
carbon monoxide to 10,000 parts of air is sure death to anyone 
breathing it for a few minutes. 
When miners are warned of a mine fire, if there is a compressed- 
air line nearby, every valve should be opened to furnish as much 
fresh air as possible. All fire doors should be closed between the 
fire and the miners, and if the air is not too smoky or gassy, the miners 
should go to the nearest emergency exit and climb to the surface. 
If, however, they are cut off from an emergency exit, they should 
immediately try to bulkhead themselves in a dead end where there 
is a compressed-air line, first turning on the valve (the stenches 
used as signals in compressed-air lines are absolutely harmless) and 
then making a stopping of lagging, timber canvas, or rock plastered 
with mud to keep out the poisonous gases from the fire. Frequent 
signals to the outside should be made by pounding with a sledge 
or pick on the hack of the rock or on the air line. All lamps, cigar- 
ettes, pipes, or cigars should be extinguished in order to keep the 
air in condition fit to breathe. 
If there is no compresSed-air line, the men should sit or lie on the 
floor quietly in order to breathe as little air as possible, and they 
should, above all things, keep calm. 
A miner on top should not go into smoke or gas to rescue miners 
unless he is trained to wear oxygen mine-rescue apparatus, and 
then never alone. There is no other apparatus that can be safely 
used in mine fires. Army gas masks, smoke masks, or handker- 
chiefs over the mouth are useless. 
Knowledge in the use of mine-rescue apparatus will make a man 
familiar with the dangers of fire gases and will also teach him what 
to do when caught underground in a mine fire. 
Byron O. Pickard, 
Mining Engineer, United States Bureau of Mines. MINERS, SAFETY AND HEALTH ALMANAC FOR 1922. 
35 
CARBON-MONOXIDE POISONING. 
Carbon-monoxide poisoning is caused by breathing atmospheres 
that contain carbon monoxide. This gas is found at the blast fur- 
naces, flues, and bag houses of a smelter; and also about oil refineries, 
in exhaust gases from gasoline engines, in illuminating gas, and at 
coke ovens. In mines it is found after fires, after explosions, and 
after the use of explosives. Miners sometimes call it white damp, 
or sweet damp, but carbon monoxide itself is odorless, colorless, and 
tasteless, and the sweet odor sometimes attributed to it is not due 
to the carbon monoxide but to other substances in the atmosphere 
which accompany this gas. Carbon monoxide can be detected, how- 
ever, by the use of small animals, such as mice, or canaries, or by the 
use of a carbon-monoxide detector—a chemical apparatus developed 
as a result of studies made during the World War. 
Miners are vitally interested in the acute form of carbon-monoxide 
poisoning, the symptoms of which are headache, dizziness or giddi- 
ness, a feeling of tiredness, weakness in the knees, and palpitation of 
the heart; later, the victim becomes unable to walk, or walks only 
with a staggering gait, falls to the ground and is unable to rise, be- 
comes unconscious, has depressed respiration, and may die. 
The chief factors in preventing carbon-monoxide poisoning are the 
following: (1) Good ventilation, as this will carry away and dilute 
the gas when present; (2) avoiding as much as possible any exposure 
to air known to contain monoxide; (3) keeping calm, when one must 
enter the gas or is exposed to it, not hurrying, but getting to fresh 
air as quickly and with as little exertion as possible. 
A person who has been exposed to the gas long enough to show 
symptoms of poisoning should rest in fresh air or, preferably, should 
breathe oxygen for 10 or 20 minutes. The breathing of oxygen soon 
after breathing carbon monoxide often relieves all symptoms, even 
though they are marked. If a miner has been rescued from gases 
containing carbon monoxide and is not breathing, or his breathing 
is very slow and shallow, artificial respiration by the Schaefer method, 
supplemented by the use of oxygen, should be applied and persisted 
in until he has thoroughly recovered or until a physician arrives. 
After recovery, the patient should be kept warm and at rest in bed 
for several hours, in order to avoid all strain on the heart at this 
time. 
R. R. Sayers, 
Chief Surgeon, United States Bureau of Mines, 
Passed Assistant Surgeon, United States Public Health Service. 36 
miners’ safety and health ALMANAC FOR 1922. 
“AM I MY BROTHER’S KEEPER?” 
Almost from the beginning of the world, the question “Am I my 
brother’s keeper?” has been asked over and over again, and perhaps 
too often the answer has been “No.” 
The miner probably more than anyone else should put this question 
to himself and he should without hesitation answer, “Yes!” Why? 
Because, putting aside all ideas of humanity, the answer affects his 
most vital nerve, the tenderest part of his being. No; not his heart, 
nor his stomach, but his pocketbook. Every man injured in a mine 
adds just so much to the high cost of living. 
Because of the compensation laws in many States the miner may 
think the operator alone bears the burden. But the cost of carrying 
the compensation is charged by the operator to the cost of the coal. 
So, when the miner buys a pair of shoes, his wife buys a dress, or his 
children buy candy, the cost of the coal which is used to make steam 
for running the machinery of the factory which makes the shoes, 
dress, or candy is again added to the price of the shoes, dress, or candy, 
and, of course, comes out of the miner’s pay envelope. 
Am I my brother’s keeper? If I am careless and don’t post up 
the slate and my buddy is killed, don’t I have to pay for it in cold 
cash? Sure. Then I’ll be my brother’s keeper. 
Am I my brother’s keeper ? I don’t report a bad place in the man- 
way! It comes down and kills the fellow that I don’t like. I pay for 
his family’s keep in cold cash. Sure, I’ll be my brother’s keeper and 
report any danger. Why ? Because it’s money in my pocket. 
I see a green man loading coal under a chunk of draw slate. It’s 
none of my business! If he gets hurt it’s only one less. What’s the 
difference? The difference is just this: My next suit of clothes is 
going to cost just that much more, because the compensation paid to 
this greenie’s widow is added to the price of the coal at the tipple. 
So, for the sake of my own pocketbook, I have resolved to report 
any dangerous places, to warn anyone whom I see working under 
dangerous conditions, and also to “practice what I preach.” 
In 1920 there were 2,011 men killed in the bituminous coal mines 
in this country, and of that number 1,127, or more than half, were 
killed by “falls.” And it is safe to say that by a miner’s being either 
his own keeper or his brother’s keeper, a very large number of these 
dead men would be living to-day. 
The average compensation paid for deaths is not far from $2,500 
each, so that by these 2,011 men being killed, over $5,000,000 was 
added to the cost of the coal at the tipple. 
Does it “pay” to be my brother’s keeper? I’ll say it does! 
L. D. Tracy, 
Coal Mining Engineer, United States Bureau of Mines. MINERS' SAFETY AND HEALTH ALMANAC FOR 1922. 
37 
Miners’ good-health calendar. 38 
MINERS SAFETY AND HEALTH ALMANAC FOR 1922. 
PERMISSIBLE EXPLOSIVES. 
By permissible explosives is meant those explosives only whose 
quality is certified by the Federal Government, through the Bureau 
of Mines. They aggregate about 9 per cent of all the explosives used 
for industrial purposes in the United States. 
The chief use of permissible explosives is in coal mines, as they are 
so made that they may be relatively safe for use in the presence of 
gas and dust. Also, they are less sensitive to detonation by per- 
cussion, friction, flame, and electricity than other high explosives 
and black blasting powder. 
The strength and the safety characteristics of permissible explosives 
make them suitable for metal mining and quarrying, railroad, and 
other construction work. For these purposes in 1919 there were 
used more than 15 per cent of the total permissible explosives pro- 
duced. 
Permissible explosives have to pass certain tests at the explosives 
experiment station of the Bureau of Mines at Bruceton, Pa., where a 
plant for making these tests is maintained. Chemical tests are made 
in the laboratories of the bureau at Pittsburgh, Pa. The tests are 
equal to severe mining conditions. To meet the standard set by the 
bureau, the quality of a permissible explosive must remain uniform. 
The relative safety of these explosives for use in the presence of 
gas and coal dust is determined by firing charges into dangerous gas 
and coal-dust mixtures. 
The bureau has set a limit on the quantity of poisonous gases that 
may be evolved on the detonation of a permissible explosive. 
The results of the tests are published from time to time in order 
that users of permissible explosives may be kept informed as to the 
strength and other characteristics of the explosives. 
The value of the testing of these explosives by the Bureau of Mines 
is indicated by the way coal-mine fatalities due to explosives have 
decreased as the use of permissible explosives has increased. For 
instance, in bituminous coal mines between 1903 and 1910 the deaths 
due to explosives were never less than 2 per 10,000 men employed; 
after 1910 the fatalities were never more than 1.38 per 10,000; and 
in 1917, the fatalities were only 0.91 per 10,000, a decrease of over 
50 per cent as compared with the rate from 1903 to 1910. 
S. P. Howell, 
Explosives Engineer, United States Bureau of Alines MINERS’ SAFETY AND HEALTH ALMANAC FOR 1922. 
39 
IF— 
If he had worn goggles and protected his eyes, he would not be 
blind. 
If he had obeyed the Safety First rules posted up all over the mine, 
he would not have lost his hand. 
If he had not lighted the match in gas, the mine explosion would 
not have occurred. 
If he had only left alcohol alone, he would not have disgraced 
himself and ruined his health. 
If he had not tried horseplay on the cage, he would not have been 
hurt. 
If he had tested his roof, he would not have been killed by the 
fall of rock. 
If he had watched his step, he would not have fallen down the 
ladder. 
If he had used common sense, he would not have opened a can of 
powder with a pick. 
If he had not lost his temper, he would not have lost his job. 
If he had only been careful, neither he nor his fellow workers would 
have been injured. 
If he had known first-aid work, he could have saved an injured 
comrade’s life. 
If he had consulted a doctor in time, his health might have been 
saved. 
Of course, some risks are necessary, but how much loss and remorse 
a habit of caution and a pair of wide-open eyes would save miners. 
From, “If,” by Dr. Frank Crane, adapted for miners. 40 
miners’ safety and health almanac FOR li>22. 
BUREAU OF MINES RESCUE CARS AND SAFETY STATIONS. 
For properly carrying out its mine rescue and first-aid work, the 
Bureau of Mines has divided the United States, so far as the organ- 
ization of the work is concerned, into nine districts. Each district is 
served by a mine rescue car and the majority of the districts have 
bureau safety stations and bureau mine rescue trucks as well. 
In case of mine disaster wire the Bureau of Mines, Pitts- 
burgh, Pa. 
District “A.”—Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, and the New 
England States: 
Mine Rescue Car No. 3, headquarters, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Mine Rescue Truck, headquarters, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Mine Safety Station, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Mine Safety Station, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 
District “BA—Ohio, Kentucky, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, 
and Delaware: 
Mine Rescue Car No. 5, headquarters, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Mine Rescue Car No. 8, headquarters, Huntington, W. Va. 
Mine Safety Station, Norton, Va. 
Mine Rescue Truck, headquarters, Norton, Va. 
District “ CA—Louisiana, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, 
Alabama, Georgia, Florida, and Mississippi: 
Mine Rescue Truck, headquarters, Birmingham, Ala. 
Mine Safety Station, Birmingham, Ala. 
Mine Safety Station, Knoxville, Tenn. 
District “DA—Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, and a part of Michigan: 
Mine Rescue Car No. 7, headquarters, Des Moines, Iowa. 
Mine Rescue Car No. 6, headquarters, Terre Haute, Ind. 
Mine Safety Station, Vincennes, Ind. 
Mine Safety Station, Evansville, Ind. 
Mine Rescue Truck, headquarters, Vincennes, Ind. 
Mine Rescue Truck, headquarters, Evansville, Ind. 
District “ EA—North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, 
and a part of Michigan: 
Mine Rescue Car No. 10, headquarters, Ironwood, Mich. 
District11 FA—Nebraska, Kansas, Missouri, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and 
Texas: 
Mine Rescue Car No. 4, headquarters, Pittsburg, Kans. 
Mine Safety Station, McAlester, Okla. 
District “GA—Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico: 
Mine Rescue Car No 2, headquarters, Raton, N. Mex. MINERS' SAFETY AND HEALTH ALMANAC FOR 1922. 
41 
District “H”—Montana, Washington, Idaho, Wyoming, and Utah. 
Mine Rescue Car No. 11, headquarters, Rock Springs, Wyo. 
Mine Rescue Truck, headquarters, Seattle, Wash. 
Mine Safety Station, Seattle, Wash. 
District “I.”—Oregon, California, and Nevada: 
Mine Rescue Car No. 1, headquarters, Reno, Nev. 
Mine Safety Station, Berkeley, Calif. 
Mine Rescue Truck, headquarters, Berkeley, Calif. 
Cars 1, 2, 5, 10, and 11 are all-steel cars purchased since 1917. 
Cars 3, 4, 7, and 8 are converted Wagner sleeping cars. These cars 
were equipped with steel underframes in 1917. Car G is also a wooden 
car, equipped with steel underframc, and was secured from the United 
States Public Health Service in 1920. 
A mine safety station is equipped with first-aid supplies, rescue 
apparatus, and other safety devices. A motor truck is used to trans- 
port the crew of the station and the necessary equipment to various 
parts of the district for the training of classes in first aid or for rescue 
work at mine disasters. 
New all-steel mine rescue car of the Bureau of Mines. 
Mine rescue truck of the Bureau of Mines. 42 
MINERS’ SAFETY AND HEALTH ALMANAC FOR 1922. 
Interior view of mine rescue car. 
Miners at work underground wearing oxygen breathing apparatus. miners’ safety and HEALTH ALMANAC FOR 1922. 
43 
FAMOUS LAST WORDS OF FOOLISH MINERS. 
Typical sayings spoken just before the Fool Killer used his ax: 
“I wonder if this is e. hve wire. I’ll touch it and see.” 
“It is against the rules to strike matches in this mine. But I am 
going to do it.” 
“I know this is dynamite, but an experienced miner, as I am, does 
not need to be so careful.” 
“Here is a ‘Danger’ sign. Watch me go on past it and find out 
the trouble.” 
“ I don’t care if the sign does say this ladder is not safe. I am in a 
hurry and haven’t time to go around.” 
“Cap crimpers are toys for kids; see me use my teeth.” 
“There comes the trip. Wonder if I can get across the track 
ahead of it.” 
“All the talk about this mine being full of gas is bunk. I am going 
to open my safety lamp and light it.” 
“There’s only one way to manage a mine mule. Walk right up 
in back of him and surprise him.” 
“Don’t care if smoking is not allowed in this mine. I just must 
have a smoke now.” 
“What a funny noise that is, sounds like a gas feeder. Think I 
will strike a match and see.” 
“This must be a missed shot. I’ll dig in and find out.” . 
“Seems that I smell smoke. Go ahead, I am not afraid of mine 
gases and fires.” 
“These safety guys make me tired. It is too much trouble to 
test out this breathing apparatus.” 
“I don’t need a safety line; this is easy.” 
“This roof looks bad but I’ll risk it.” 44 
MINERS ’ SAFETY AND HEALTH ALMANAC FOR 15)22. 
postal Saving 
A WISE MINER. 
A wise miner works and saves— 
If he would guard against want. 
If he would give his children a good education. 
If he would provide for sickness or a rainy day. 
If he would provide for any possible stopping or reduction in 
his wages. 
If he would have a home. 
If he would take advantage of some opportunity in the future. 
If he would enjoy a comfortable and happy old age. 
After the mind is made up to save, it is of the greatest importance 
to select an absolutely safe and secure place to deposit the money. 
If it is carried in the pockets, there will be a temptation to spend it. 
To hide it in the cupboard, under some bricks, under the corner of the 
carpet or in cans, is to risk loss from burglary or fire, and the money 
so hidden is kept from trade or business. If all the money in hid- 
ing or carried needlessly on the person were placed in the banks and 
by them made to work, living costs would be reduced at once. 
A house is built a brick at a time; a dollar or more savings regu- 
larly soon builds a fund to be used whenever needed. The quickest 
way to get rid of poverty is to work hard and steadily, and save 
earnestly and regularly. Every miner with a savings account is a 
better citizen, a greater value to the community and to his neigh- 
bors; he becomes a better miner and a more reliable employee. 
The United States Government through the Postal Savings pro- 
vides an absolutely safe and convenient means for the saving and 
safe-keeping of money. The faith and credit of the Government 
are pledged to the repayment of the deposit on demand and interest 
at regular intervals. 
Call on your local postmaster. He will be glad to furnish you 
detailed information as to how easily accounts may be opened, their 
absolute safety, the ease with which money may be withdrawn, and 
the rate of interest paid. MINERS’ SAFETY AND HEALTH ALMANAC' FOR 1922. 
45 
CONSTRUCTION OF A SANITARY CONCRETE PRIVY BOX FOR 
PRIVY WITH CONCRETE FLOOR. 
The installation of a concrete floor in new or existing privies will 
not only repay the owner by a saving in repair bills but will be much 
Sketch showing the changes made in existing privy building to conform to concrete standard, a, Block 
to make seat self-closing; b, cover; c, seat; d, galvanized pail; e, concrete box; f, vent pipe of galvanized 
metal, screened at /; g, location of vent holes; ft, wall; k, screened vent; m, concrete blocks keeping can 
from contact with paved floor; n, paved floor; o, 2 by 4 sill. 
more sanitary than the old wood floor and box. In addition the 
concrete floor and box will be rodent proof and to a certain extent 
vermin proof. 46 
miners’ safety and health almanac for 1922. 
As most mining camps already have some type of privy this article 
will deal with the remodeling of these buildings to conform to the 
concrete type. 
Begin the work by the installation of the foundation wall. This 
wall, while serving as a support for the privy, will also protect the 
concrete floor margin against the ingress of rats and other rodents 
beneath. Select any side of the privy building and cut off the wood- 
work 1 foot above the ground level. With a narrow spade dig a 
trench the length of the side, 6 inches wide and 18 inches or 2 feet 
deep. Fill in with a good mixture of concrete (1 part cement, 3 
parts sand, and 4 parts gravel or broken brick) to the ground level. 
Sketch showing the construction of the forms for the concrete privy-box. 
a, 11-inch holes fitted with pegs before pouring concrete; e, concrete 
poured in this space; /, pipe of the same diameter as vent pipe form- 
ing hole for vent. This hole is covered with screen wire after the 
forms are removed. 
The wall can then be brought up to the cut-off line of the building 
with brick, or if desired concrete can be used by employing forms. 
This process is to be repeated on all sides of the privy. For sills, a 
2 by 4 placed on the wall to which all the upright timbers are fastened 
will answer very well. When this is completed all woodwork of the 
building will be at least 1 foot above the ground, thereby eliminating 
all chance of deterioration. Wall is shown at h, page 45. 
The concrete floor (n, p. 45) should be at least 3 inches thick and fin- 
ished with a half-inch layer of cement. Surface of the floor should be 
level with the top of the wall. If desired, four small lugs can be set 
into the floor to keep the box in place; the weight of the box, how- 
ever, will be sufficient to accomplish this end. MINERS* SAFETY ANI) HEALTH ALMANAC FOR 1922. 
47 
Wood forms for making the concrete box are shown on page 46. 
These forms should be made of three-fourths-inch material. If a 
number of the boxes are to be made, forms should be fastened together 
with bolts or clamps in order that they may be dismantled and set 
up repeatedly. 
Dimensions of form. 
The inside dimensions of the larger form (can 15 inches by 15 
inches) should be as follows: 
Single seat. Double seat. 
Length (inches) 
.... 28* 
53 
Breadth (inches) 
.... 24 
24 
Depth (inches) 
The outside dimensions of the smaller form to be: 
.... 17* 
17* 
Length (inches) 
.... 22 1 
Use two forms with 
Breadth (inches) 
.... 18 
► same dimensions 
Depth (inches) 
.... mj 
as for single seat. 
Sketch showing the concrete box after the forms have been removed, 
a, Hole for 5-inch vent pipe: b, hole for ventilation. Both a and 
b to be screened with copper wire gauze not coarser than 11-mesh, 
securely cemented to the inside of the box. 
Forms are placed on a level surface and so spaced that the space 
(e, p. 46) is equal at all points—3 inches. A small piece of the vent 
pipe or other pipe of the same outside diameter is passed through 
both forms as at/, page 46. About 1 inch from the bottom of the 
form a number of holes are bored and fitted with wood pegs 
that pass entirely through the forms. Concrete is then poured into 
the space e, tamping well around the pegs and the piece of pipe/. 
When the concrete is nearly set the pegs and pipe can be removed, 
leaving in the one case a row of vent holes and in the other a properly 48 
miners’ safety and health almanac for 1922. 
sized hole for the ventpipe/, page 46. After concrete has thoroughly- 
set the forms are removed and the entire surface of the box given a 
smooth finish of cement. This does not apply, of course, to the 
inner surface of the vent pipe hole as any additional material at this 
point may make the vent pipe difficult to fit. The holes at the 
bottom of box and the vent pipe hole must be screened with copper 
gauze wire of not greater than 14 mesh to the inch. These screens 
can be securely cemented in place on the inside of the box. 
The lid of the box c also forms the seat for the privy. It is fastened 
in place with strap hinges. It must be of sound lumber and project 
at least 1 inch over front and both sides of box. In order to render 
the closing of this seat fly tight, strips must be nailed on the under 
side in such a position that the closing of the lid will cause them to 
fit snugly along the inner edge of the box. Front edge of seat hole 
should be at least 6 inches back from the front edge of seat. 
Seat cover (b, p. 45) is fastened with strap hinges and should over- 
lap the hole at least 3 inches at all points. The block of wood a pre- 
vents the cover from reaching a perpendicular position and so renders 
it self-closing. 
Small concrete blocks m, about three-fourths inch high, allow a 
circulation of air beneath the can, preventing condensation of mois- 
ture. They also serve to keep the can in place. 
The ventilation flue of galvanized iron should be at least 5 inches 
in diameter and should extend about 1 foot above the roof of the 
privy. It can be fastened to the building with galvanized straps as 
shown. 
The can should be of galvanized iron, 22-gauge, 15 inches in diame- 
ter and 15 inches high. 
The collection of night soil should be done by the company or 
public scavenger. The final disposition of the night soil is as impor- 
tant as the construction of the sanitary privy. Night soil should 
not be accessible to insects, fowl, or stock, nor be likely to come in 
contact with persons during or after removal. 
If a sewer system is available, a good method of disposal is to 
dump into a sewer. In case a sewer system is not within reach, 
burial in the ground is usually the simplest and best method. Burial 
in the ground may be accomplished by plowing a furrow, emptying 
the material in the furrow, and then covering with another furrow. 
The incineration of night soil with garbage and rubbish is the most 
satisfactory method. Every mining camp should have an adequate 
incinerator. MINERS’ SAFETY AND HEALTH ALMANAC FOR is>22. 
49 
BULLETIN 
WHAT EVERY MINING TOWN NEEDS 
AND WHY 
r H EALTH 
SAFETY 
education! 
Installation of sanitary 
privies and sewer connec- 
foTis to prevent spread of 
filth-borne diseases 
Plenty of dean water 
and proper protection of 
water supply to prevent 
typhoid fever, dysentery, 
and simitar diseases 
Effective codec fion amt 
d/sposa/ of garb age 
Elimination of manure 
piles, open privies, and 
other p/aoes where 
fhes breed 
Drainage of a/t wafer 
that may furnish breeding 
places for mosquitoes 
Supervision ofad milk* 
and foodstuffs offered for 
safe 
Genera/ spirit of in- 
terest and cooperation 
in matters of heafth 
and sanitation 
A who/e-fime health 
organization to super- 
vise and improve 
local hea/fh conditions 
Adequate surface 
fire-fighting equipment tor 
town to protect lives and 
properry 
Street signs warning 
against speeding or care- 
less driving 
Public playgrounds 
for children, to keep them 
off the streets 
Gates at adradro.ad 
crossings, to prevent 
accidents and death 
Mme rescue station 
and apparatus for use m 
case of mine disaster or 
fire. 
A good first-aid 
organization. 
More miners to 
own their homes- 
Every miner to 
have a savings account 
and save for the future 
Peip from every 
one to make the down 
a better place in which 
to tive 
C/ean, wed-kept 1 
school buddings and I 
grounds, /he chi/dren de -I 
serve /he best schoo/s that I 
can be obtained 
Sufficient number of 
competent and 'wed-paid 
teachers /o conduct /he 
schoo/s properZy. 
Public library io en- 
courage more reading of 
be/fer boohs and period- 
icals. 
Proper hea//h super- 
vision oda//school children 
Io improve their hea/th and 
phys/ca/ cond/Hon 
Enforcement of guaran- 
tiee measures io exc/ude 
from school a//children har- 
ing communicable diseases 
so as io protect children no! 
s/ch with such diseases. 
Sanitary drinking 
fountains, proper heating, 
lighting ventilation, lava to- 
nes, and toilets for a/t 
schools. 
Compulsory attend- 
ance of at/ children of 
school age for a certain 
number of days each 
year. 50 
miners’ safety and health ALMANAC FOR 1922. 
PUBLICATIONS ON SAFETY AND SANITATION. 
A complete list of the publications issued by the Bureau of Mines 
may be obtained by addressing the Director, Bureau of Mines, 
Washington, D. C. 
The following is a partial list of publications dealing with sanita- 
tion and safety which are available for free distribution. 
BULLETINS. 
Bulletin 17. A Primer on Explosives for Coal Miners, by C. E. Munroe and Clar- 
ence Hall. 1911. 
Bulletin 80. A Primer on Explosives for Metal Miners and Quarrymen, by C. E. 
Munroe and Clarence Hall. 1915. 
Bulletin 87. Houses for Mining Towns, by J. H. White. 1914. 
Bulletin 93. Miners’ Nystagmus, by F. L. Hoffman. 1916. 
Bulletin 132. Siliceous Dust in Relation to Pulmonary Disease in the Joplin Dis- 
trict, Missouri, by Edwin Higgins, A. J. Lanza, F. B. Laney, and G. S. Rice. 1917. 
Bulletin 139. Control of Hookworm Infection at the Deep Gold Mines of the Mother 
Lode, California, by J. G. Cumming and J. IT. White. 1917. 
TECHNICAL PAPERS. 
Technical Paper 11. The Use of Mice and Birds for Detecting Carbon Monoxide 
after Mine Fires and Explosions, by G. A. Burrell. 1912. 
Technical Paper 21. The prevention of Mine Explosions: Report and Recommenda- 
tions, by Victor Watteyne, Carl Meissner, and Arthur Besborough. 1912. 
Technical Paper 30. Mine-Accident Prevention at Lake Superior Mines, by D. E. 
Woodbridge. 1913. 
Technical Paper 59. Fires in Lake Superior Iron Mines, by Edwin Higgins. 1913. 
Technical Paper 75. Permissible Electric Lamps for Miners, by H. H. ('lark. 
1914. 
Technical Paper 82. Oxygen Mine Rescue Apparatus and Physiological Effects 
on Users, by Yandell Henderson and J. W. Paul. 1917. 
Technical Paper 84. Methods of Preventing and Limiting Explosions in Coal 
Mines, by G. S. Rice and L. M. Jones. 1915. 
Technical Paper 97. Saving Fuel in Heating a House, by L. P. Breckenridge and 
S. B. Flagg. 1915. 
Technical Paper 102. Health Conservation at Steel Mills, by J. A. Watkins. 1916. 
Technical Paper 103. Organizing and Conducting Safety Work in Mines, by H. M. 
Wilson and J. R. Fleming. 1917. 
Technical Paper 116. Miners’ Wash and Change Houses, by J. H. White. 1915. 
Technical Paper 132. Underground Latrines for Miners, by J. H. White. 1916. 
Technical Paper 150. limits of Complete Inflammability of Mixtures of Mine 
Gases and Industrial Gases with Air, by G. A. Burrell and A. W. Gauger. 1917. MINERS’ SAFETY AND HEALTH ALMANAC FOR 1922. 
51 
Technical Paper 153. Occurrence and Mitigation of Injurious Dusts in Steel Works, 
by J. A. Watkins. 1917. 
Technical Paper 156. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in the Steel Industry, by J. A. 
Watkins. 1917. 
Technical Paper 167. Men Who Received Bureau of Mines Certificates of Rescue 
Training, July 1, 1914, to June 30, 1916, compiled by I). J. Parker. 1917. 
Technical Paper 190. Methane Accumulations from Interrupted Ventilation, With 
Special Reference to Coal Mines in Illinois and Indiana, by H. I. Smith and R. J. 
Hammon. 1918. 
Technical Paper 229. Accident Prevention in the Mines at Butte, Mont., by Daniel 
Harrington. 1920. 
Technical Paper 248. Gas Masks for Gases Met in Fighting Fires, by A. C. Fieldner, 
S. H. Katz, and S. P. Kinney. 1921. 
Technical Paper 251. Ventilation in Metal Mines, a Preliminary Report, by Daniel 
Harrington. 1921. 
Technical Paper 260. Miners’ Consumption at Butte, Mont., by Daniel Harrington. 
1921. 
MINERS’ CIRCULARS. 
Miners’ Circular 4. The Use and Care of Mine-Rescue Breathing Apparatus, by J. W. 
Paul. 1911. 
Miners’ Circular 5. Electrical Accidents in Mines, Their Causes and Prevention, by 
H. H. Clark, W. D. Roberts, L. C. Ilsley, and H. F. Randolph. 1911. 
Miners’ Circular 7. Use and Misuse of Explosives in Coal Mining, by J. J. Rutledge, 
with a preface by J. A. Holmes. 1913. 
Miners’ Circular 9. Accidents from Falls of Roof and Coal, by G. S. Rice. 1912. 
Miners’ Circular 10. Mine Fires and How to Fight Them, by J. W. Paul. 1912. 
Miners’ Circular 11. Accidents from Mine Cars and Locomotives, by L. M. Jones. 
1912. 
Miners’ Circular 12. Use and Care of Miners’ Safety Lamps, by J. W. Paul. 1913. 
Miners’ Circular 13. Safety in Tunneling, by D. W. Brunton and J. A. Davis. 1913. 
Miners’ Circular 14. Gases Found in Coal Mines, by G. A. Burrell and F. M. Seibert. 
1913. 
Miners’ Circular 16. Hints on Coal-Mine Ventilation, by J. J. Rutledge. 1914. 
Miners’ Circular 17. Accidents from Falls of Rock and Ore, by Edwin Higgins. 
1914. 
Miners’ Circular 18. Notes on Miners’ Carbide Lamps, by J. W. Paid. 1915. 
Miners’ Circular 19. The Prevention of Accidents from Explosives in Metal Mining, 
by Edwin Higgins. 1914. 
Miners’ Circular 20. How a Miner Can Avoid Some Dangerous Diseases, by A. J. 
Lanza and J. H. White. 1915. 
Miners’ Circular 21. What a Miner Can Do to Prevent Explosions of Gas and of Coal 
Dust, by G. S. Rice. 1915. 
Miners’ Circular 22. Dangerous and Safe Practices in Bituminous Coal Mines, by 
Edward Steidle. 1919. 
Miners’ Circular 23. Elementary First Aid for the Miner, by W. A. Lynott and 
Daniel Harrington. 1916. 
Miners’ Circular 27. Causes and Prevention of Fires and Explosions in Bituminous 
Coal Mines, by Edward Steidle. 1920. 52 
miners’ safety and HEALTH ALMANAC FOR 11)22. 
HANDBOOKS. 
Manual of First-Aid Instruction for Miners, a Report on Standardization, by a Com- 
mittee of Surgeons: G. II. Halberstadt, A. F. Knoefel, W. A. Lynott, W. S. Rountree, 
and M. J. Shields, revised by R. R. Sayres. 1921. 
Rescue and Recovery Operations in Mines After Fires and Explosions, by J. W. 
Paul and II. M. Wolflin. 1916. 
CHARTS. 
Resuscitation from Gas Asphyxiation, Drowning, and Electric Shock, compiled by 
Yandell Henderson. 1919. 
Chart of Properties of Mine Gases, by G. A. Burrell. 1918. 
PUBLICATIONS THAT MAY BE OBTAINED ONLY FROM THE SUPER- 
INTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, 
WASHINGTON, D. C., AT THE PRICES NOTED. 
Technical Paper 24. Mine Fires, a Preliminary Study, by G. S. Rice. 1912. 5 
cents. 
Technical Paper 33. Sanitation at Mining Villages in the Birmingham District, 
Ala., by D. E. Woodbridge. 1913. 5 cents. 
Technical Paper 39. The Inflammable Gases in Mine Air, by G. A. Burrell and F. 
M. Seibert. 1913. 5 cents. 
Technical Paper 56. Notes on the Prevention of Gas and Dust Explosions in Coal 
Mines, by G. S. Rice. 1913. 5 cents. 
Technical Paper 77. Report of the Committee on Resuscitation from Mine Gases, 
by W. B. Carnon, G. W. Crile, Joseph Erlanger, Yandell Henderson, and S. J. Meltzer. 
1914. 5 cenls. 
Technical Paper 105. Pulmonary Disease in the Joplin District, Missouri, and Its 
Relation to Rock Dust in the Mines, by A. J. Lanza and Edwin Higgins. 1915. 10 
cents. 
Miners’ Circular 24. Miners’ Safety and Health Almanac for 1919, by R. C. Williams. 
1918. 1 j cents. 
Mineis’ Circular 26. Miners’ Safety and Health Almanac for 1920, by R. C. Williams. 
1919. 10 cents. 
Miners’ Safety and Health Almanac, 1921, by R. C. Williams, 1920. 5 cents. 
PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE. 
The following publications of the United States Public Health 
Service are of interest to miners. They may be obtained by address- 
ing the Surgeon General, United States Public Health Service, 
Washington, D. C. 
Keep well series: 
1. The Road to Health. 
8. How to Avoid Tuberculosis. 
4. Diphtheria. 
6. Cancer Facts Which Every Adult Should Know 
8. Motherhood. 
9. Breast Feeding Her Baby. 
10. Bottle Feeding for Babies. MINERS’ SAFETY AND HEALTH ALMANAC FOR 1922. 
53 
Public Health Bulletins: 
37. The Sanitary Privy: Its Purpose and Construction. 
42. Disinfectants: Their Use and Application in the Prevention of Communicable 
Diseases. 
68. Safe Disposal of Human Excreta at Unsewered Homes. 
69. Typhoid Fever: Its Causation and Prevention. 
70. Good Water for Farm Homes. 
89. A Sanitary Privy System for Unsewered Towns and Villages. 
102. A Homemade Milk Refrigerator. 
103. The Rat: Arguments for Its Elimination and Methods for Its Destruction 
Supplements : 
5. Fighting Trim: The Importance of Right Living. 
10. The Care of the Baby. 
11. What the Farmer Can Do to Prevent Malaria. 
14. Diphtheria: Its Prevention and Control. 
16. The Summer Care of Infants. 
29. Transmission of Disease by Flies. 
31. Safe Milk: An Important Food Problem. 
House-fly poster. 
Hanging card.—Eighteen Rules for Right Living. 
Venereal disease bulletins: 
Pamphlet “A,” for young men. 
Pamphlet “B,” for the general public. 
Pamphlet “C,” for boyB. 
Pamphlet “D,” for parents. 
Pamphlet “E,” for girls and young women. 
Pamphlet “F,” for educators.