Madison County Board of Health. 
REPORT OF SECRETARY, 
RULES AND REGULATIONS 
ALSO THOSE 
ISSUED BY THE STATE BOARD. 
TO THIS IS ADDED A 
NOSOLOGICAL TABLE, 
PREPARED AND-PUBLISHED BY THE 
/ 
STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. 
1884. Madison County Board of Health. 
REPORT OF SECRETARY, 
RULES AND REGULATIONS, 
ALSO THOSE 
ISSUED BY THE STATE BOARD. 
TO THIS IS ADDED A 
HOSOLOGcIGAL TABLE, 
PREPARED AND PUBLISHED BY THE 
STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. 
1884. MADISON COUNTY BOARD OF HEALTH. 
Jacob Broxxexberg President. 
John F. Thurston, ' 
Benj. F. Aiman, 
Members. 
C. E. Diven, M. D Secretary and Executive Officer. 
INDIANA STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. 
Office of the Secretary, 
No. 21. Masonic Temple, Indianapolis, 
MEMBERS. 
J. W. Compton, M. D., President Evansville. 
Wm. Lomax, M. D Marion. 
W. W. Yinnedge, M. D Lafayette. 
J. M. Partridge, M. D South Bend. 
E. S. Elder, M. D., Secretary and Executive Officer Indianapolis. SECRETARY’S REPORT. 
To the Honorable Board of Health of Madison County: 
As your Secretary, it becomes my duty to make a report to 
you of the condition of the Board of Health, what has been 
done, to suggest, as far as I am able, what should be done, and, 
I might say, to state to you the objects and purposes of the 
State Board of Health. 
The rules of the State Board of Health require that the 
■county and local Boards he properly organized, and adopt 
some organic law like the following: 
The County Board have the power to adopt additional rules. 
It is by proper organization that we may enact and enforce 
proper sanitary laws, so that we may, to a great extent, limit 
our liability to disease of whatsoever character, and to reduce 
the mortality from disease, and more efficiently combat epi- 
demics when they appear. 
Upon our vital statistics must he based our plans of opera- 
tions. From these we gather our expectancies of life for our 
community. These statistics not only give the number of 
deaths, but the rate of per cent, by the population, the rate ac- 
cording to the total sickness, sex, occupation, social condition, 
etc., and as to nationality, as this makes quite a difference in 
the death rate, as well as does the influence of heredity. 
Among the reasons given for benefits arising from the collec- 
tion of vital statistics are: “That the attention of the people 
may be called to the proper modes for the prevention of dis- 
ease.” “The existence of contagious disease is shown, and 
means of avoiding the same indicated; also, power may be 
given for the enforcement of quarantines, and other beneficial 
rules. We find that physicians, in having to report diseases, 
are much more careful- in making a diagnosis, and are not so 
ready to raise an unnecessary alarm over diseases that exist 4 
MADISON COUNTY BOARD OF HEALTH. 
only in the minds of impecunious members of the profession. 
We aid greatly in the prevention of secret marriages and the 
concealment of crime.” 
The Secretary of the State Board, 1882, sums up the reasons 
for the collection of vital statistics, as follows: 
First—“Of ascertaining the sickness and mortality with refer- 
ence to their causes and prevalence in any locality, and of fur- 
nishing the proper authorities requisite knowledge, so that 
remedies for evils may be applied.” 
Second—u Of determining the condition of the people in their 
social relationship, and the influence that controls their grada- 
tions in society, their habits, practices,” etc. 
Third—“Of aiding, by inquisitorial requirements, in the de- 
tection of crime.” 
Fourth—“ Of affording a reliable record of certain events 
which are often essential to be proved in establishing rights to 
property.” 
This branch of the work has been defined by a sanitarian of 
England by saying: “Considered physically, the main objects 
of correct civil registration of .births, deaths and marriages is 
to aid in disclosing the cause of disease. Considered legally, 
the object is to provide means of tracing descent and preserv- 
ing personal identity; and, considered politically, it is to assist 
the Government in arriving at correct conclusions in regard to 
measures of internal economy.” 
Our vital statistics in Madison county are not, and have not 
been, as complete as they should be, but as good as could be 
expected when the lack of organization, power to act, and 
opposition to be met and overcome, is properly considered. I 
believe I can truthfully say that all the physicians, with but 
very few exceptions, are now making prompt and full reports. 
There are a few physicians, living out of our county and prac- 
ticing within its borders, who are failing to make reports. 
This I expect in a short time to remedy. I can assure the 
Board that there are more physicians reporting, and with 
more promptness and fuller reports, than any preceding year. 
There were reported in Madison county, for 1888, 751 births 
and 757 children—about 2 1-5 per cent, increase in population. 
0 twin births, 12 illegitimate children. The youngest mother 
was 15 years, the youngest father 20 years, and the oldest 
father 70 years. There were 293 marriages. Whole number MADISON COUNTY BOARD OP HEALTH. 
5 
of deaths reported for 1883, 162. The average age at death 
was 21 49-162 years, or 5 2-5 persons per thousand of popula- 
tion, or about one-half of 1 per cent of the population died. 
The following are the causes of death, 54 of which occurred 
before the age of one year: Poisoning, 1; rheumatism, 1; 
necrosis, 1; psoas abscess, 2; intussusception, 1; peritonitis, 3; 
debility, 3; bronchitis, 2; membranous laryngitis, 2; pneumo- 
nia, 11; phthisis, 16; inanition, 5; still-born, 26; premature 
birth, 5; congenital deficiency of bowel, 1; congenital syphilis,. 
1; convulsions, 2 ; hydrocephalus, 1; meningitis, 8 ; actelectasis, 
1; cyanosis, 1; cholera infantum, 8; diphtheria, 9; scarlatina, 
1; duodenal occlusion, with double stomach, 1; asthma, 1 ; 
typhoid fever, 9; Bright’s disease, 2; enteritis, 5; measles, 4; 
small-pox, 3; valvular disease of heart, 3; hypertrophy of heart, 
2; hydropericardium, 1; diarrhea, 2; paramenia, 1; childbed, 
1; disease of liver, 1; congestion of lungs, 1; malarial fever, 
2; gastritis, 2; jaundice, 1; dropsy, 1; anaemia, 1; hemorrhage 
of bowels, 1; epilepsy, 1; myelitis, 1; erysipelas, 1; encepha- 
litis, 1; unknown, 3. The births are in excess of deaths 595, 
or 1 7-10 per cent, or 4f times as many births as deaths. 
The work of sanitation I hope to push with more efficiency 
by your organization and adoption of sanitary rules, to be pub- 
lished and given to the people. We can not hope to do much 
good in this direction unless we give widespread to the people 
advice as to what they should avoid and how to avoid it. 
A sanitary survey of school houses in the county has been 
partially made. There are many improvements can be made 
to better the health and increase the longevity of the rising 
generation, by means of better ventilation, improvements in 
lighting of houses, and, probably, among the greatest may be 
the proper care of privy vaults, their contiguity to wells of 
water, etc., etc., as well as proper drainage of school grounds. 
With some, or all of these corrections, many lives may be 
saved and the constitutions of our children improved so that 
their inherent vitality may be strengthened so as to render 
them less liable to the ravages of disease. 
The decrease in the death-rate in the last few years has been 
great, but by looking at the statistics of deaths from prevent- 
able diseases, there is still room for great improvement. 
The time was, when all disease sprang from a displeasure of 
Providence, and treatment or cure was only asked through 6 
MADISON COUNTY BOARD OF HEALTH. 
priests, whose mysterious manipulations and incantations would 
now seem like mockery. Even to-day the people are not en- 
tirely rid of superstitious ideas with regard to disease, and con- 
sider it the penalty visited upon them by a displeased God for 
some wickedness, and we are surrounded by people who be- 
lieve in cures by faith, and laying on of hands, with incant- 
ations ; others expect to be healed through the intervention of 
some heathen or ignorant spirit, most generally, that of a dead 
Indian. 
It is our duty as sanitarians, to show the people that they 
must reason from cause to effect, and teach them that viola- 
tions of the laws of hygiene are bound to pay the penalty. 
I have seen the money value of a human life, estimated to 
be from $50 to $100 per annum, in the report of Howard coun- 
ty’s Secretary of Board of Health. Let us place it at $100. 
We had 162 deaths in this county, reported in 1883. Here 
would be a loss to the county of $16,200. The full value of a 
human life, according to Dr. Farr, is about $800. Here we 
have a loss to our county, by 162 deaths, of $129,600. Add 
to this the time lost in sickness, undertakers’ bills, and funeral 
and other expenses, will add to this 50 per cent., or in a whole, 
$194,400. The diseases that cause these deaths, will at some 
time be well enough understood to, in a large measure, rob 
them of their danger, and limit the suffering caused by them. 
I have made an examination of your jail, and find it as well 
kept by the sheriff as it can be under the present arrangement. 
The heating should be improved as soon as possible. . I am 
aware that your arrangement is to have a different mode of 
heating soon. 
There will have to be a different way to get rid of the 
sewerage. By continuance of the present condition, a burst- 
ing of pipes is again liable, after repair, to take place as soon 
as the weather should become cold enough. The odor aris- 
ing from the commodes and urinals, is dangerous and detri- 
mental to health. Owing to the extreme cold of the past win- 
ter and poor means for heating the prison, there has been 
caused some sickness. Should a death occur from either this 
cause, or from the noxious gases arising from the commodes 
and urinals, the county would undoubtedly be held responsible 
for damages. 
I have ordered that these places be disinfected daily, by MADISON COUNTY BOARD OF HEALTH. 
7 
washing with a solution of two pounds of copperas to a gallon 
of rainwater; also, that the prison be whitewashed down stairs, 
and through the summer that this he done once a month. 
The quartering of vagrants and tramps in the jail, is certainly 
dangerous to the public health, as they are often the carriers of 
contagious and infectious diseases, and steps should be taken 
to prevent them from seeking sleeping-rooms in your county 
prison. 
Before I leave this subject of sanitation, I would ask you 
specially to require all pupils before entering the public schools 
to *be vaccinated. This, in our city and town schools, has been 
tolerably well done; but not so well in the country. 
By vaccination we very greatly rob one of the most loathsome 
diseases of its terrors, and we hope in no great length of time 
to drive it out of existence. Hardly a death has occurred in 
the State from the disease after vaccination, and it can, and 
has been, materially modified in its severity by vaccination 
after the initial chill. Let the vaccination be done with good, 
pure bovine virus. Under the present arrangement this may 
be obtained in good condition and pure. The State Board of 
Health requires the points to be put up in original packages, 
with date of preparation and the name of the farm from whence 
they came. They will also hold the producers liable for any 
damages that may occur. There have been many objections 
raised to the bovine virus, and no doubt at the starting out 
there was considerable trouble from impure virus, etc., as well 
as carelessness of persons vaccinated. The bovine virus is 
more active than humanized. 
When small-pox prevails there exists an increased suscepti- 
bility to diseases of the skin from irritation. The vaccination 
is at times more violent for this reason. 
In the increased demand for virus there was undoubtedly a 
number of points sold that were not sufficiently charged with 
the virus. 
It is a pleasure to state that during the prevalence of small- 
pox in the cities, owing to the fact that the rule for vaccina- 
tion has been enforced, the schools have continued without ces- 
sation, and without a single case occurring among the vaccin- 
ated children. 
I will quote Dr. Elder upon this point, and again on another 
point before I close. MADISON COUNTY BOARD OF HEALTH. 
“ My opinion is that the work of the State Board of Health 
has been fully as satisfactory as the work of any new bureau 
oould have been. The efforts in restricting small-pox alone 
have been of incalculable value. A feeling of confidence has 
been implanted in the minds of the people, and they confi- 
dently and intelligently appreciate the dangers of preventable 
diseases, and cheerfully co-operate in maintaining good hy- 
gienic surroundings, without which good health can not be 
maintained.” 
THE PAUPER SICK AND DISTRESSED. 
It is not only inconvenient to be poor, but dangerous. It is 
among the poor that most of our preventable dangerous dis- 
-eases exist. Deprived of the necessities of life, nourishing 
food, comfortable clothing, in illy-ventilated apartments, often 
■crowded, the pauper easily becomes the prey of contagious and 
infectious diseases. Hot pecuniarily able to disinfect, to de- 
stroy clothing and bedding used during sickness, do you won- 
der at the spread of disease among them? Can you imagine 
how they rid themselves as well as they do of disease? But 
the point I wish to get at is, that our poor and illy-nourished 
people are sick oftener and more dangerously than his well-to- 
do neighbor, and requires of all other persons careful and good 
medical treatment with medicines and nourishment to be 
furnished. Do you believe they get this under the present 
system of letting out the poor practice of the different town- 
ships to the lowest bidder, without bond or obligation. Ho 
question of merit or medical accomplishment is asked—merely 
the man who will do it the lowest; he makes his bid and draws 
his pay. Do you know anything as to whether he performs 
his duty? Can you, as candid and honest citizens, having these 
matters under your charge, believe they are right and just? Do 
you believe a majority of the tax-payers of Madison County 
would desire a continuance of this deplorable plan? I am 
sure they do not, and in time will blame you and me for a 
dereliction of duty if it continues. 
You will no doubt, want to know my remedy. I have sev- 
eral, and the one that I positively and conscientiously believe 
to be the best, I will not suggest to you at present, but one I 
■consider an improvement ©n the present plan. It is, first, to 
make township physicians keep a record of the cases, of their 
diagnosis, progress from day to day, as to condition of bowels, MADISON COUNTY BOARD OF HEALTH. 
temperature, pulse, tongue, etc., etc., with the daily treatment,, 
and result of the case, these reports to be submitted to the 
Board of Health, or their Secretary, for approval, quarterly, 
and that the warrant on the Treasurer to not be drawn until 
this quarterly report be approved; that no more bids be 
received for such business, but appointments be made on 
merit; the salary fixed by you as Board of Health, and the 
appointee to give a bond in double the amount of his salary 
for the faithful performance of his duties. Let the pay be a 
fair compensation for services rendered, and the services to 
be such as the Board of Health may determine. 
I would further recommend that the pay of your Secretary, 
especially the last quarter, depend upon your approval of an 
annual report from him in January; also, you to examine the 
condition of the records to see if they be well and properly 
kept. In other words, let the pay of your health officer, not be 
ordered as it now is, to be paid every quarter, but to depend 
upon the approval of the Board of Health, or Commissioners. 
There are accumulating a number of valuable papers, reports, 
records, etc., that should have some place provided for their 
preservation. These will continue to accumulate. 
There should be printed not less than five hundred copies of 
“ Buies and Regulations of State Board of Health,” for gratu- 
itous distribution. In doing this, we would only follow the 
example of most other counties of the State, and what should 
have been done long ago here. 
A book should be gotten to keep a record of the meetings 
of the Board, a record of organization, and of all laws and reg- 
ulations enacted by the Board. 
The Health Officer of the State desires you to hold a sani- 
tary convention here in the spring, at which he, with other 
prominent sanitarians, will read papers and address the peo- 
ple upon the subjects of Hygiene and Sanitation. The objects 
will be to get the people interested, and endeavor to educate 
them not in the treatment and cure of diseases, but how ta 
avoid disease and preserve health. 
In conclusion, I desire to ask your aid and hearty co-opera- 
tion in the work before us. It is no trifling matter. It has 
commenced in earnest and will be continued. If there is any 
person who thinks this a matter of foolishness, and not for the 
good of the people, if he will examine his personal calendar 
he may find that time has taken a step beyond him. In other 10 
MADISON COUNTY BOARD OF HEALTH. 
words, he may consider himself a back date, and will have to 
strive hard to again get even. Twenty-seven States have 
Boards of Health in good working order. Ours is doing well, 
but there is room for improvement, and the laws will be 
amended in the next Legislature so as to render it still more 
efficient. 
Every county in Indiana is now in working order, some not 
up to the standard, I will admit, but the greater number are 
striving to see which county may excel in its good work. How 
shall our county remain in the background, to be considered 
one of the non-progressive, or shall she step to the front and 
endeavor to promote the welfare of her citizens by making a 
fight upon her personal, political, financial and common enemy, 
disease and death. Heretofore, with the exception of a few 
corporate and municipal laws, no code of health laws or rules 
has existed. The public and many of the medical fraternity 
are lamentably ignorant and careless in regard to sanitation. 
And just in proportion as the laws of the State Board of 
Health are studied and comprehended, they will be appreciated 
and obeyed. Those laws are right—founded on the accumu- 
lated wisdom of sanitary observation, and as right and truth 
progressively prevail with a higher order of intelligence, so 
will the rules and regulations of the Board of Health become 
appreciated, and the wisdom which prompted their promulga- 
tion will be recognized as they are more completely compre- 
hended. 
Health officers are the efficient agents in the execution of 
the health laws. County Commissioners are not supposed to be 
skilled sanitarians ; but health officers must be physicians, and 
are presumed to be selected because of their special qualifica- 
tion for the work. The degree of completeness of the health 
officers’ work will measure the value of the operations of the 
law to the people at large. 
If a single case of disease can be prevented, or if a single 
life saved, certainly Madison county will be well repaid for the 
small pittance expended on its health officers. 
I thank you, gentlemen, for your kind attention, and hope 
I may receive your hearty support in the work before us, and 
respectfully invite you to come to my office and examine the 
records and work we now have to do. 
Respectfully yours, C. E. DIVEH, M. D., 
Secretary Madison County Board of Health. 11 
MADISON COUNTY BOARD OF HEALTH. 
On motion the report was adopted and ordered printed, with 
500 copies of the rules and regulations of the State Board of 
Health, also adopted by this Board. • 
TOWNSHIP PHYSICIANS. 
The Board of Commissioners made the following order regu- 
lating the practice of physicians employed to care for the poor 
of the various Townships in the County: 
The Board orders that Township physicians shall keep a 
record of pauper cases as to diagnosis, progress from day to 
day, condition of bowels, pulse, tongue, and temperature, with 
treatment of same, to be reported for approval to the Board of 
Health. 
Paupers are defined to mean “ such persons as bring orders 
for medical treatment from Township Trustees.” 
It is further ordered by the Board that Township physicians 
be considered assistant health officers. The Law establishing a State Board of Health 
in Indiana. 
Approved March 7,1881.] 
Section 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State 
of Indiana, That a Board is hereby created and established 
which shall be known under the name of the State Board of 
Health. It shall consist of five members, as follows, four mem- 
bers who shall be appointed by the Governor, with the consent 
of the Senate, and a Secretary, as prescribed in section four of 
this act. The four members so appointed shall be so designated 
by the Governor that the term of office of two shall expire on 
the last day of February, 1883, and two on the last day of Feb- 
ruary, 1885. Thereafter the Governor, with the consent of the 
Senate, shall biennially appoint two members, who shall hold 
their offices for four years. Any vacancy in said Board may be 
filled by the Governor until the next regular meeting of the 
General Assembly. 
Sec. 2. The State Board of Health shall have the general 
supervision of the interests of the health and life of the citi- 
zens of this State. They shall especially study the vital statis- 
tics of this State, and endeavor to make intelligent and profit- 
able use of the collected records of deaths and of sickness 
among the people; they shall make sanitary investigations and 
inquiries respecting the causes of disease, and especially of 
epidemics; the causes of mortality, and the effects of localities, 
employments, conditions, ingesta, habits and circumstances on 
the health of the people. They shall, when required, or when 
they deem it best, advise officers of the Government, or other 
State Boards, in regard to the location, drainage, water supply, 
disposal of excreta, heating and ventilation of any public insti- STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. 
13 
tution or building; and it shall be the duty of the Board to re- 
port what, in their best judgment, is the effect of the use of in- 
toxicating liquors as a beverage upon the industry, prosperity, 
happiness, health and lives of the citizens of the State. They 
shall, prior to the 15th day of November of each year, make a 
report to the Governor of their doings, investigations and dis- 
coveries during the year ending on the 31st day of October 
next preceding, with such suggestions in regard to legislative 
action as they may deem important. 
Sec. 3. The Board shall meet at least once each quarter, in 
the city of Indianapolis, and as often as they may deem neces- 
sary, and at such other places and times as they may deem ex- 
pedient during epidemics. A majority shall be a quorum for 
the transaction of business. They shall choose one of their 
number to be their President, who shall serve two years, unless 
his term of office as a member of the Board shall sooner ex- 
pire. They may adopt rules and by-laws subject to the pro- 
visions of this act. They shall have authority to send their 
Secretary, or a committee of the Board, to any part of the 
State, when deemed necessary to investigate the cause of any 
special or unusual disease or mortality. 
Sec. 4. At their first meeting, or as soon as a competent and 
suitable person can be secured, the Board shall elect a Secre- 
tary, who shall, by virtue of such election, become a member 
of the Board, and its executive officer, and who shall serve 
four years, unless sooner removed for just cause by the votes of 
three members of the Board voting therefor. The Board shall 
deliver to such Secretary a written statement of the cause of 
removal, and also state the cause of such removal to the next 
session of the General Assembly. The Board may elect one of 
their own number Secretary, in which case the Governor shall 
appoint another member to complete the full number of the 
Board. 
Sec. 5. The Secretary of the Board of Health shall be a 
physician, and the Health Officer of the State. He shall keep 
his office at Indianapolis, and shall perform such duties as are 
prescribed by this act or may be required by the Board. He 
shall keep a record of the transactions of the Board; shall 
have the custody of all books, papers, documents and other 
property belonging to the Board, which may be deposited in 
his office; shall, so far as practicable, communicate with other 14 
RULES AND REGULATIONS 
State Boards of Health, and with the local Boards of Health 
within this State; shall keep and file all reports received from 
such Boards, and all correspondence of the office appertaining 
to the business of the Board. He shall, so far as possible, aid 
in obtaining contributions to the library and museum of the 
Board. He shall prepare blank forms of returns, and such in- 
structions as may be necessary, and forward them to the clerks 
of the several Boards of Health throughout the State. He 
shall collect information concerning vital statistics, knowledge 
respecting diseases, and all useful information on the subject of 
hygiene, and through an annual report and otherwise, as the 
Board may direct, shall disseminate such information among 
the people. 
Sec. 6. The Secretary shall receive an annual salary not to 
exceed twelve hundred dollars, which shall be fixed by the 
State Board of Health. The Board shall quarterly certify the 
amount due him, and on presentation of said certificate, the 
Auditor of State shall draw his warrant on the State Treasurer 
for the amount.’ The members of the Board shall receive no 
other compensation for their services, but their traveling and 
other necessary expenses while employed on the business of 
the Board; shall be allowed and paid upon an itemized account, 
verified under oath by the member in whose favor the claim is 
made. 
Sec. 7. The State Board of Health shall have supervision 
of the system of registration of births, deaths and marriages 
as herein provided, and they shall make up such forms, and 
shall from time to time recommend such legislation as they 
may deem necessary for the thorough registration and report 
of vital and sanitary statistics throughout the State. The 
Secretary of the Board shall be superintendent of all such 
registration, and the clerical duties and safe keeping of the 
Bureau of Vital and Sanitary Statistics thus created shall be 
provided for by the Secretary of State upon requisition of the 
Secretary of the State Board of Health, approved by the Pres- 
ident thereof. 
Sec. 8. The Trustees of each town, the Mayor and Common 
Council of each incorporated city, except where a regular con- 
stituted Board of Health, by ordinance of such city, now exists 
or may hereafter be created, and the Board of County Com- 
missioners of each county, shall constitute a Board of Health, STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. 
15 
ex-officio, for each of the several towns, cities and counties 
respectively of the State, who shall perform such duties respec- 
tively required of them by this act without compensation. 
They shall annually, in the month of January of each year, 
complete their organization by the election of a Secretary, who 
shall be a physician. The Secretary of such local Boards of 
Health, and the Secretary of any regular constituted Board of 
Health of any incorporated city, shall be the Health Officer of 
every town, city or county respectively, for the purposes pro- 
vided in this act, and shall be allowed such compensation from 
the town, city or county treasury respectively as the Board 
electing them may determine: Provided, That the Secretary 
of each County Board of Health shall render such medical 
and surgical services as may be required by persons confined 
in the county jail of such county, and such other medical ser- 
vices as may be required of him by the Board of County Com- 
missioners. 
Sec. 9. The Board of Health of each county shall act in 
conjunction with the State Board of Health, and it shall be 
the duty of the Secretary of such County Boards, at least once 
in each year, and as often as may be deemed necessary by the 
State Board of Health, to report such facts and statistics as 
may be required under instructions from, and according to, 
forms and blanks furnished by said Board; and the Board of 
Health of each town and city situate in any county of this 
State, shall act in conjunction with the Board of Health of 
such county, and it shall be the duty of the Secretary of such 
local boards, at least once each quarter, and as often as may be 
deemed necessary by the County Board, to report such facts 
and statistics as may be required under instructions from, and 
according to forms and blanks furnished by the State Board of 
Health through such County Boards. And every physician in 
each town, city and county shall be required to report to the 
Secretary of the Board of Health of such town, city or county, 
such facts and statistics as may be required by him under the 
direction of the County Board, or of the State Board through 
such County Board, and such town, city and county Board 
shall have authority, and it shall be their duty in the locality 
concerned, under the direction of the State Board of Health, 
to promulgate and enforce such regulations for the preservation 
of public health, and the prevention of epidemic and conta- 16 
RULES AND REGULATIONS 
gious diseases as may be deemed advisable by them; and any 
person or persons, or the officers of any corporation neglecting 
or refusing, after having been notified in writing to comply 
with the requirements of such regulations, shall be guilty of a 
misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be fined in any 
sum not less than five dollars nor more than twenty-five dollars, 
and each day said failure or refusal shall continue, shall, after 
proper notification, constitute a separate offense. 
Sec. 10. It shall be the duty of all physicians and accou- 
cheurs in this State to register their names and post-office ad- 
dress with the Clerk of the Circuit Court of the county in which 
they reside, and all such physicians and accoucheurs shall re- 
port to the Secretary of the Board of Health of the town, city 
or county in which they may occur, and within fifteen days- 
thereafter, all births and deaths which may occur under their 
supervision, with a certificate of the cause of death, and such 
correlative facts as may be required in the blank forms fur- 
nished, as provided in this act. When any birth or death shall 
occur with no physician or accoucheur in attendance, then such 
birth or death shall be reported as hereinbefore' provided by 
the householder where or under whose observation such birth 
or death may occur, with the cause of death, if such be known. 
Any physician, accoucheur or householder wilfully or pur- 
posely, after notice by the Secretary of the local Board under 
whose jurisdiction such householder may live, failing or refus- 
ing to comply with the provisions of this section, shall be 
deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, upon conviction thereof, 
shall be fined in any sum not less than five dollars nor more 
than ten dollars. Provided, That any death coming under the 
jurisdiction or supervision of any Coroner, shall be by him re- 
ported to the Secretary of the Board of Health of the town, 
city or county in which such death may occur, within fifteen 
days after such death comes under his jurisdiction, and such 
death so reported shall not be required to be reported by any 
other person. 
Sec. 11. The Clerk of the Circuit Court of each county in 
this State shall be required to keep a book especially prepared 
and set apart for the registration of name and post-office ad- 
dress of physicians and accoucheurs of their county: And it 
shall be the duty of such Clerk to report to the Health Officer 
of the county on or before the fifth day of each month the STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. 
17 
number of certificates of marriages that have been recorded 
during the preceding month, together with the names of par- 
ties contracting such marriage, and the date when such mar- 
riage was solemnized: Provided, That the Clerk shall be entitled 
to charge each physician and accoucheur so registered a fee of 
ten cents and no more, and the County Commissioners shall 
allow such Clerk fifty cents and no more for each monthly re- 
port made to the Health Officer of the county. 
Sec. 12. It shall be the duty of the Board of Health of each 
county to keep a complete record, according to the form pre- 
scribed by the State Board, of all marriages, births and deaths 
reported to them under the provisions of this act, and such re- 
cord shall be open to the inspection of any citizen without fee. 
Sec. 13. It shall be the duty of the State Board of Health 
to prescribe the form for the records of marriages, births and 
deaths to be used in the office of the Secretary of the County 
Board, and prescribe such forms, and the Secretary of the State 
Board shall, upon requisition of the Health Officer of each 
county, furnish him, and through him the Secretary of each 
local Board in such county, such blanks as may be required for 
the gathering and reporting of vital and sanitary statistics, ac- 
cording to the provisions of this act. 
Sec. 14. It shall be the duty of the Secretary of State to 
provide suitable office for the meetings of the State Board of 
Health, and for the Secretary thereof. 
Sec. 15. The sum of five thousand dollars per annum, or so 
much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby appropriated to 
pay the salary of the Secretary, and other necessary expenses, 
of the State Board of Health, according to the provisions of 
this act; and the expenses of the State Board of Health shall 
in no event exceed the amount herein appropriated. 
County Boards of Health. 
County Boards are subordinate to the State Board, and must 
execute the regulations of the State Board in their respective 
counties outside of the municipal corporations, and see that 
local Boards fulfill their duties. 18 
RULES AND REGULATIONS 
County Boards are authorized, and it is their duty, to make 
regulations additional to the State Board regulations, as special 
conditions may demand, not incompatible with law. 
County Boards must adopt an organic law substantially as 
follows: 
Plan of Organization. 
COUNTY BOARD OF HEALTH. 
Adopted, 
•, 188— 
The County Board of Health is organized pursuant to, 
and for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of the Act 
of the General Assembly of the State of Indiana, approved 
March 7, 1881, establishing a State Board of Health. 
The President of the Board of County Commissioners shall 
be the President of the County Board of Health, and he shall 
perform the ordinary duties of a presiding officer. 
Stated meetings of the Board of Health shall be held on the 
first Mondays of January, March, June, September and Decem- 
ber of each year, and at such other times as the Board may 
designate at any meeting thereof. 
Special meetings of the Board of Health may be convened at 
any time when needed for special duty, on the call of the Sec- 
retary of the Board. 
All meetings of the Board of Health shall he held in the 
official room of the County Commissioners, unless otherwise 
ordered. 
The Secretary of the Board of Health shall he elected annu- 
ally, at the stated meeting on the first Monday in January. 
It shall be the duty of the Secretary to keep a record of the 
proceedings; conduct the correspondence, and to preserve all 
papers and things belonging to the Board requiring preserva- 
tion ; to execute in county the provisions of the statute 
creating the State Board of Health, the legal orders of the State 
Board of Health, and the regulations of the County Board 
of Health; to have supervision of the sanitary affairs of 
county, and to superintend the work of the local Boards of 
Health in county. 
All the regulations of the State Board of Health in force, 
pertaining to the duties of the county Board of Health, 
are hereby adopted as a part of the organic law of this Board. 19 
STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. 
CITY BOARDS OF HEALTH. 
"Where a city has a Board of Health established by ordinance, 
such Board will conform to the ordinance where not incom- 
patible with the State law. The Secretary of such City Board 
of Health shall be the health officer for such city, and shall 
have the same relation to the County and State Boards of 
Health as other local health officers. 
The City Board of Health shall fix the compensation of its 
Secretary, which shall be paid out of the city treasury. 
City Boards of Health are subordinate to the County Board 
of Health of the county in which they are situated, and must 
execute the regulations of the County Board within their re- 
spective municipalities, and have immediate supervision of the 
sanitary condition of the city and the general health of its 
inhabitants. 
City Boards of Health are authorized, and it is their duty, to 
make regulations additional to the County Board regulations, 
as special conditions may demand, not incompatible with law. 
City Boards of Health must adopt an organic law similar to 
that prescribed for County Boards of Health, as far as appli- 
cable. See page 6. 
TOWN BOARDS OF HEALTH. 
The Trustees of each town shall constitute a Board of Health 
for such town, and they shall, in January of each year, elect a 
Secretary, who shall be a physician, and such Secretary shall be 
the health officer for such town. The Town Board of Health 
shall fix the compensation of its Secretary, which shall he paid 
out of the town treasury. 
Town Boards of Health are subordinate to the County Board 
of Health of the county in which they are situated, and must 
execute the regulations of the County Board within their re- 
spective municipalities, and have immediate supervision of the 
sanitary condition of the town and the general health of its- 
inhabitants. 
Town Boards of Health are authorized, and it is their duty, 
to make regulations additional to the County Board regula- 
tions, as special conditions may demand, not incompatible with 
law. 20 
RULES AND REGULATIONS 
Town Boards of Health must adopt an organic law similar to 
that prescribed for County Boards of Health, as far as appli- 
cable. See page 6. 
HEALTH OFFICERS. 
Health officers are the efficient agents in the execution of the 
health law. Neither County Commissioners, City Councils nor 
Town Trustees are supposed to be skilled sanitarians, but health 
officers must be physicians and are presumed to be selected 
because of their special qualifications for health work. The 
degree of completeness of the health officers’ service will meas- 
ure the value of the operations of the law to the people at 
large. 
The town and city health officers should not only attend 
specially to the health aflairs of their respective municipalities, 
but should, in a general way, aid the county health officer by 
reporting to him such pertinent facts of importance as may 
come to their knowledge in their respective vicinities, and 
county health officers should be diligent in devising and exe- 
cuting measures for obtaining correct information touching 
the sanitary condition of, and the health of the people in, all 
parts of their respective counties, including that most remote 
from their offices and least accessible. 
PHYSICIANS AND ACCOUCHEURS. 
All physicians and accoucheurs must register their names 
and post-office address with the Clerk of the Circuit Court of 
the county in which they reside, and if a registered physician 
or accoucheur change his residence to another county, he must 
again register in the county to which he has removed. Failure 
to thus register will lay the failing party liable to a fine of not 
less than $5 nor more than $10. 
Blanks will be furnished to physicians on which to make 
returns of births, deaths and certain named diseases, and to 
accoucheurs for making returns of births. 
Each physician and accoucheur must apply to the health 
officer of the city or town in which he resides for these blanks, 
and, if the physician or accoucheur reside outside of all muni- 
cipal corporations, he must apply for blanks to the health 
officer of his county. STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. 
21 
When a birth or death occurs it must be returned by the 
physician or accoucheur under whose care it occurs, promptly 
to the health officer under whose jurisdiction it takes place; 
that is, if it take place within the limits of a city or incorporated 
town, it must be returned to the health officer of such city or 
town. If it take place outside the limits of municipal incorpo- 
rations it must be returned to the health officer of the county in which 
it occurs. And if no physician or accoucheur have the care of 
such birth, or the care of the person who dies, then the house- 
holder where or under whose observation such birth or death 
occurs shall return it to the proper health officer. If such 
return be delayed fifteen days, the person so delaying will be 
liable to a penalty of not less than $5, nor more than $10. 
♦ Twin births must be returned separately on two blanks, each 
noted as one of twin births. 
A still birth must be returned as a birth, and also as a death, 
noted as a still birth. 
When a woman is delivered of a child at or after the twenty- 
eighth week of utero gestation, it must be returned as a birth, 
under the twenty-eighth week it is an abortion or miscarriage, 
and does not require a return. 
SUGGESTIONS AS TO BLANKS, ETC. 
Physicians and accoucheurs should read the blanks carefully 
and exercise due care in filling them, as the value of the vital 
statistics that may be collected by the State Board of Health 
will depend almost entirely on the fidelity and accuracy of phy- 
sicians and accoucheurs in making their returns to the health 
officers. 
In reports of diseases and causes of death, the names of many 
diseases and causes of deaths are not sufficiently definite to he 
of any service whatever. 
The following will serve to illustrate: 
“Abscess.” Of what part? 
“Accident.” What kind? 
“Amputation.” Of what, and what for? 
“Asphyxia,” or “Suffocation.” From what cause? 
“Bowel Complaint.” Was it Diarrhea, Dysentery, or what 
disease? 
“ Brain Disease.” What kind? 22 
RULES AND REGULATIONS 
“Burned.” State in what manner, and whether by means of 
kerosene or other illuminating oil? 
“Chronic Disease.” What particular disease? 
“Complication of Diseases.” Select one or more. 
“Chest,” or “Breast Disease.” Was it Cancer? If disease 
of the Lungs, of what nature? 
“ Cold.” Was it some lung disease or freezing? 
“Congestion.” Of what organ or part? 
“Convulsions.” Of what kind? From what cause? 
Deaths from “Drowning,” “Poison,” “Injuries,” “Gun-shot,,r 
etc., should state whether accidental, suicidal or homicidal. 
“Debility.” In infancy or old age? If not, from what 
cause ? 
“Dropsy on Brain.” If born with it, state the fact; if not,, 
from what cause? 
“Eruption.” Of what kind? 
“Exhaustion.” From what cause? State nature of disease, 
and especially, if some brain disease. 
“Explosion.” Of what? as steam boiler, blast, lamp, etc., 
and how caused? as by powder, nitro-glycerine, kerosene, 
gasoline, etc. 
“Fever.” Of what kind? 
“Fracture.” Of what bones or linbs? 
“Fits.” Of what kind? 
“Hemorrhage.”' From what part, and what cause? 
“Infirmity.” Of what nature? 
“Inflammation.” Of what organ or part? 
“Tumor.” What kind, and where located? 
“Ulcer.” Of what part? 
County, city and town Health Officers will be expected to see 
that all blanks are properly filled out, the completeness and value 
of the reports depends upon the energy and competency of the 
local Health Officers. The provisons of the law are plain and 
adequate, and where returns are imperfect the Health Officer is 
at fault. STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. 
23 
OPINION OF ATTORNEY GENERAL BALDWIN AS TO PORTIONS OF ACT 
ESTABLISHING STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. 
Indianapolis, November 15, 1881. 
To the Board of Health of the State of Indiana: 
You ask if section 9 of the Act of March 7, 1881, establish- 
ing a State Board of Health, will authorize you “to formulate 
any means they (you) deem necessary for the preservation of 
public health, and to order the local boards to promulgate and 
enforce such rules promulgated by the State Board of Health 
in the same manner and degree as if the local boards formu- 
lated or promulgated them?” Yes, I think you have the power, 
but with one qualification, viz.: That your rules and regula- 
tions are according to law. You could not, under color of 
regulating public health, order all saloons to be closed and 
all their liquor thrown into the streets. This would be clearly 
unconstitutional. I do not assume you would do any such 
thing, yet it is necessary to make the qualification so as to give 
you a correct answer. 
Second. I think your powers in the premises are more than 
advisory. You can make mandatory regulations. 
Third. I think the Act of 1881 requires City Boards of 
Health now established, if they have not already done so, to 
elect Secretaries, and that these Boards hold the same relation 
to you as do the County Health Board, with Local Health 
Boards, established by this Act of 1881. 
(Signed), D. P. Baldwin. 
ATTORNEY GENERAL BALDWIN’S OPINION AS TO ENFORCEMENT OF THE 
LAW RESPECTING BIRTHS, DEATHS, ETC. 
November 29, 1881. 
* * Physicians and accoucheurs who are registered, and 
who receive your blanks, are notified what to do by the terms 
of the law and blanks. * * As to physicians, accouch- 
eurs and coroners, the provisions of this law are practicable. 
(Signed), 
D. P. Baldwin. 24 
RULES AND REGULATIONS 
OPINION OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL. 
To the State 'Board of Health: 
I have received from the Board and proceed to answer the 
following inquiries: 
1. “Can Local Boards of Health enact regulations on the 
subject of nuisances for the preservation of the public health?’r 
The statute provides that “such Town, City and County 
Boards shall have authority, and it shall be their duty, in the 
locality concerned, under the direction of the State Board of 
Health, to promulgate and enforce such regulations for the pre- 
servation of public health and the prevention of epidemic and 
contagious diseases as may be advisable by them. Any person 
or persons, or the officers of any corporation neglecting or 
refusing, after having been notified in writing, to comply with 
the requirements of such regulations, shall be guilty of a mis- 
demeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be fined in any 
sum not less than $5 nor more than $25, and each day said fail- 
ure or refusal shall continue, shall, after proper notification, 
constitute a separate offense.55 (R. S. 1881, Sec. 4,994.) 
The power of the several States to pass quarantine and healht 
laws, and to make proper police regulations in reference thereto 
is undoubted. (Cooley Const. Lim., p. 722, 739, 740, 5 ed.; St. 
Louis vs. McCoy, 18 Mo., 238; St. Louis vs. Boffinger, 19 Mo., 
13; Metcalf rs. St. Louis, 11 Mo., 102; Ault vs. Lexington, 18 
Mo., 401.) The preservation of the public health is often made 
a matter of municipal duty, and it is well that power for the 
protection of the public against plague and pestilence shall be 
somewhere lodged. 
Many of the powers most generally exercised by municipal- 
ities relating to the health of the inhabitants, are under the 
police powers of the State, and every citizen holds his property 
subject to the proper exercise of this power, either by the State 
Legislature directly, or by public corporations, or agencies to 
which the Legislature may delegate it; and it is well settled 
that laws and regulations relating to the public health, though 
they may to some extent disturb the enjoyment of individual 
rights, are not unconstitutional, though no provision is made 
for compensation for such disturbances. These regulations 
rest upon the maxim, Salus populi suprema est lex. , (1 Dill Mun. 
Corp., Secs. 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373; STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. 
25 
Cooley Const. Lim., 722, 739, 740, 5 ed.; Fertilizing Company 
vs. Ilycle Park, 98 E. S. R., 659; Boston Beer Company vs. 
Massachusetts, 97 U. S. R., 25; 20 Hun., 137; 23 Amer. R., 
203.) While a State may enact sanitary laws and, for the 
purpose of self-protection, establish quarantine and reason- 
able inspection regulations, and prevent persons and animals 
having contagious or infectious diseases from entering the 
State, it can not, beyond what is absolutely necessary for self- 
protection, interfere with transportation into or through its ter- 
ritory. (Railroad Company vs. Hasen, 95 U. S. R., 465.) 
The police power is exercised when it is necessary to take, 
nse or destroy the private property of individuals to prevent 
the spreading of a fire, the ravages of a pestilence, or any other 
great public calamity. (Cooley Const. Lim., p. 722-740; side., 
p. 584, 5; 593, 4, 5tli ed.; Dillon Mun. Corp., Sec. 141, 142, 
144; Ferguson vs. Selma, 43 Ala., 398; Warner vs. Albany, 18 
Wend., 169; Miller vs. Hall, 9 Wend., 315; Wilkinson vs. Al- 
bany, 8 Fost., 9; Philadelphia vs. Scott, 81 Pa. St., 80; Surroco 
vs. Gray, 3 Cal., 69; Russell vs. Mayor, 2 Den., 461; Meeker vs. 
Van Rensselaer, 15 Wend., 397; I Bish. Crim. L. Sec. 490, 
7th ed.) 
The Legislature in the exercise of its constitutional authority 
may lawfully confer on Boards of Health the power to enact 
sanitary ordinances, having the force of law within the districts 
over which their jurisdiction extends. This power has been 
repeatedly recognized and affirmed. (Palinsky vs. The People, 
73 Y. Y., 65; 70 1 Metropolitan Board of Health vs. Heister, 
37 1ST. Y., 651; Health Department vs. Knoll, 70 1ST. Y., 530; 
People vs. Justices of Sessions, 7 Hun., 214; Coe vs. Schultz, 47 
Barb., 65, 71; Gregory vs. Mayor of New York, 40 1ST. Y., 273; 
Hoffman vs. Schultz, 31 How. Pr. R., 385; Will vs. Schultz, 33 
How. Pr., 7; Coe vs. Schultz, 2 Abe. Pr., 1ST. S., 192; Warner 
vs. Mayor of Yew Albany, 15 Wend., 262; Ronu vs. Baker, 
31 Barb., 447; Gould An., N. Y. Dig. of 1881, page 49, Secs. 1, 
2, 3, 4.) 
The Board can not make regulations that are unreasonable, 
arbitrary and oppressive. (Tuegman vs. Chicago, 78 111., 405.) 
It can deal only with public nuisances that are dangerous to 
the public health. (Lipman vs. South Bend, 84 Ind., 276; Go- 
shen vs. Crary, 58 Ind., 268.) The Board was created for “the 
prevention of epidemic and contagious diseases.” It possesses 26 
RULES AND REGULATIONS 
on power of private espionage or unnecessary interference with 
private rights of person or property. 
To secure and promote the public health, safety and conven- 
ience, the Board is liberally endowed with power to prevent 
and abate public nuisances. This authority may be constitu- 
tionally conferred on the Board, and it is authorized to act 
against that which comes within the legal idea of a nuisance, 
hut such power conferred in general terms can not be taken to 
authorize the extra judicial condemnation and destruction of 
that as a nuisance which in its nature, situation or use is not 
such. (2 Dillon Mun. Corp., Sec. 374, 3d ed.) 
What is not a nuisance per se can not be abated by a Board 
of Health until it is adjudged to be so employed as to be inim- 
ical to public health or safety, or until their owners contravene 
some ordinance prescribing the mode in which they shall be 
used and thereby make them nuisances. (State vs. Cadwalla- 
der, 3617. J. L. 283; Rogers vs. Barker, 31 Barb., 447.) And such 
matters should be ordinarily left for the action of the Court or 
municipal intervention. (Rogers vs. Barker, 31 Barb., 447; 23 
Amer. R. 203.) It can not absolutely prohibit the carrying on 
of a lawful business not necessarily a nuisance, but which may 
be conducted without injury or danger to the public health and 
without public inconvenience. And there must be notice given 
in any attempt to affect a party in his rights and give him an 
opportunity to be heard. (Weil vs. Record, 24 H. J. Eq., 169; 
Hutton vs. Camden, 23 Amer R., 203; 98 Mass., 431; Under- 
wood vs. Green, 42 H. Y., 140. 
The statute does not authorize and was not intended to 
authorize the Board of Health to redefine a public nuisance, 
which clearly is not and can not under any circumstances be 
such, at common law, and the question whether the thing to be 
removed or abated as dangerous to life or health is a jurisdic- 
tional question, and when the Board undertakes to abate a 
public nuisance, it takes upon itself by its act the risk of being 
able to show in a proper action by the party whose interests 
were injuriously affected, that the thing was a public nuisance. 
(Coe vs. Schultz, 47 Barb., 64-67; 2 Abb. Pr. R. H. S., 193; 23 
Amer. R., 203; 31 Barb., 447; Underwood vs. Green, 42 H. Y., 
140; 7 Hun. 175-178; 46 How. Pr., 24-36.) 
If acting within its jurisdiction, which is limited and special, 
the facts in any given case invoke or tend to invoke the exer- STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. 
27 
cise of discretion by the Board, its action in the premises is in 
its nature judicial, and for error of judgment it is not liable. 
(Underwood vs. Green, 42 Y. Y., 140-142; East River Gas 
Light Co. vs. Donnelly, 93 Y. Y., 557; 7 Hun. 175-178.) But 
the Board would he liable for a wanton or unnecessary injury 
(27 Ind. 394; 42 Y. Y., 140.) And I might add in this con- 
nection, that for illegal acts of the Board, under the statue it 
has been held that a city is not liable. (Bamber vs. Rochester, 
33 Sup. Ct. R., [26 Hun.] 587.) The Board has the power to 
act upon a particular thing dangerous to public health, and 
cause it to be removed; but it has not the power to assume in 
advance that all the sinks and privies in a city are or will be- 
come nuisances or dangerous to public health, and bind the 
city by a contract for the removal of their contents. (Gregory 
vs. Yew York, 40 Y. Y., 273.) 
The power to abate a nuisance is limited to the removal of 
that in which the nuisance consists, and where it is the wrong- 
ful use of property that constitutes the nuisance, the remedy is 
to stop such use, and not to tear down or demolish the build- 
ing. (Melch vs. Stowel, 2 Doug., Mich., 532; Moody vs. Board 
Supervisors, 46 Barb., 659.) 
Parties may subject themselves to the penalty prescribed by 
statute for a violation of any lawful regulation enacted by a 
Board of Health. In some instances it has been held that the 
Board of Health, by its regulation, may impose upon the per- 
son creating the nuisance the cost of its abatement, to be re- 
covered by a proceeding against him, but he must have had 
notice and had an opportunity to be heard by the Board. 
(Health Department vs. Knoll, 70 Y. Y., 530, 536; Harrison vs. 
Baltimore, 1 Gill, Md., 264; Hutton vs. Camden, 23 Am. R., 
207; Salem vs. Eastern, etc., Co., 98 Mass., 431.) 
City corporations possess extensive power for the suppression 
of nuisances dangerous to public health, and when the power 
is possessed by the municipality, and a willingness exists to co- 
operate with the Board, it is well to leave the abatement of 
nuisances with municipal authority. 
Question 2. “ Can the local Board of Health make regulations 
requiring persons with the small-pox to be transferred to a 
Hospital for such cases when it is necessary to do so to prevent 
the spread of the disease?” 
I have heretofore considered to some extent the power of 28 
RULES AND REGULATIONS 
the Board to make reasonable regulations for the preservation 
of the public health. 
Whether a person having the small-pox will be treated as a 
public nuisance, dangerous to the life and health of the public, 
to be removed to a hospital without his consent, depends upon 
the circumstances of each case. It is no crime for a man to be 
sick of a contagious disease in his own house even in a popu- 
lous locality, or for his friends declining to remove him. Yet 
if he goes into a public way carrying the infection to the dan- 
ger of the public, or if one takes out an infected child, or a 
horse having a disease communicable by infection to man the 
party was guilty of a public nuisance, and was indictable at 
common law. (1 Bish. Crim. Law, Sec. 490, 7th ed.; King vs. 
Vanlanditts, 4 Maule and Selwyn, R. 73; King vs. Burnett, 4 
id., 272; Regina vs. Henson, 18 Engh. L. and Ecp, 107.) 
A person sick of an infectious or contagious disease in his 
own house, who can be excluded from contact with the public, 
and in his isolation the contagion ceases to be dangerous to the 
public health, can not, in my opinion be removed to a public 
Hospital without his consent. (Booth vs. City of Utica, 2 Barb. 
104; Fisher vs. Clarke, 41 Barb. 329, 331; Mills vs. Hew York, 
etc., Co., 2 Robertson, 326; Eddy vs. The Board of Health, 10 
Phila. 94; Wood’s Law of Nuisance, p. 68, sec. 66, 2d ed.; 
Sherman & Redlield on Negligence, sec. 193; Walker vs. 
Heron, 22 Tex. 55; 1 Thompson on Negligence, 205, 206, sec. 
20.) 
In Boom vs. Utica, supra, it was held that a person sick of an 
infectious disease in his own house, or in suitable apartments, 
at a public hotel or boarding house, is not a nuisance, and under 
a charter authorizing the Common Council to make and pub- 
lish ordinances for abating and removing nuisances, they have 
no power to direct the removal of a person sick of an infectious 
or contagious disease from one place to another without his 
consent. 
In Fisher vs. Clarks, supra, the Court say: “A person sick 
with a contagious disease is not obliged to abandon his own 
house to prevent the spread of such disease. A house occupied 
by persons having an infectious disease is not a nuisance. 
In Eddy vs. Board of Health, 10 Phila., supra, the Court say: 
“ The power of the Board of Health to abate nuisances and the 
causes of them and to enforce sanitary regulations is very great, STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. 
29 
and the Courts never interfere with the legitimate use of their 
power; but to the contrary, excuse an excessive exercise of the 
power in cases where there is great peril to the public health. 
But the exercise of a power which is clearly unlawful, and 
which has no great public necessity to excuse it, will be re- 
strained by the Courts, no matter how praiseworthy the motive 
may be which prompted it. The Board of Health in view of 
the possible approach of cholera to our city last summer took 
active and praiseworthy measures to guard the city against 
pestilence, and so far as relates to the lawful measures adopted 
by them for the removal of nuisances and all causes of disease, 
they have the hearty approval of all our citizens. When, how- 
ever, they claim to remove citizens from their homes and close 
up their houses, they must have either the sanction of law for 
it, or they must be justified by great public necessity, which 
demands such action because there is no other way to avert the 
threatened peril, upon the same principle that buildings may 
be blowm up to prevent the spread of a great conflagration. 
Thompson on Negligence, supra, uses the following lan- 
guage: “The keeping of animals having an infectious disease 
is not per se culpable negligence. The right of every one to 
use his own property as he pleases, for all the purposes to which 
such property is usually applied, is unlimited and unqualified 
up to the point where the particular use becomes a nuisance. 
Hence the keeping of animals having an infectious disease on 
one’s own premises, although the adjoining premises have upon 
them other animals which are likely to be infected by the dis- 
ease, is not unlawful, nor will it give the owner of the adjoin- 
ing premises a cause of action for damages sustained in conse- 
quence of the disease being communicated to his animals, unless 
the person owrning the diseased animals knows the fact that 
they are diseased, and is guilty of some negligence in the man- 
ner of keeping them.” 
Wood’s Lawr of N uisance, supra, says: 
“ It is a public nuisance for a person afflicted wfith an infec- 
tious or contagious disease to expose himself in a public place, 
whereby the health of others is jeopardized. So, too, it is an 
offense of the same character for a person to expose one afflicted 
with such a disease in a public place. So, too, a hospital 
for the reception and treatment of patients with contagious 
diseases established in a public place is a public nuisance, and 
indictable as such.” RULES AND REGULATIONS 
•“A pest house erected by town, municipal or County author- 
ities near the premises of another, injuring the health of his 
family, or exposing them to contagious diseases, is a nuisance, 
for which an action will lie. * * So, too, it is a public nuis- 
ance for a person to take a horse with glanders or other infec- 
tious diseases into a public place. * * But a person 
sick in his own house or in a room in a hotel is not a nuisance.” 
In Harrison vs. Baltimore, (1 Gill. Md., 264), where the char- 
ter of the city provided “that the corporation aforesaid shall 
have full power and authority to enact and pass all laws and 
ordinances necessary to preserve the health of the city, prevent 
and remove nuisances, to prevent the introduction of contagious 
diseases within the city, and, within three miles of the same, 
it was held that the City Council had full power to pass all 
laws and ordinances necessary to preserve the health of the city, 
prevent and remove nuisances, and prevent the introduction of 
■contagious diseases within the city and within three miles 
thereof. The city within the specified limits was invested with 
all the legislative powers which the General Assembly could 
have exerted, and the Court says: “They might seek the ac- 
complishment of their object by causing the vessel and all 
persons on hoard to be taken possession of and controlled until 
their purification and disinfection were effected, and impose on 
the captain, owner or consignee the payment or reimbursement 
of all the expense incurred by such proceeding.” (P. 277.) 
The Court says further, “We concur with the County Court 
in the rejection of the appellants’ third prayer, that under the 
ordinance the health officer had no power to send to the small- 
pox hospital any hut those persons who when sent, were affect- 
ed by the small-pox or varioloid disease, and that no expense 
incurred from the sending of any other persons can be recov- 
ered in this action. The disposition to be made of persons af- 
fected with the small-pox or varioloid disease is not left to the 
discretion of the health officer. The ordinance peremptorily 
directs them to he sent to the small-pox hospital. But the dis- 
charge of this ministerial service is not the only duty imposed 
on the health officer by the ordinance, in respect to the per- 
sons on hoard such vessel. He is further required to take or 
direct such measures in regard to the officers, crew and passen- 
gers as in his opinion may be necessary to disinfect them, and 
to prevent their propagating the disease. If then, in pursuing 
such measures, the health officer, acting with reasonable skill STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. 
31 
and judgment and with a sound and honest discretion, had sent 
others of the crew and passengers than those afflicted with the 
small-pox to the small-pox hospital, we can see no sufficient ob- 
jection to its being done, or to the recovery of all reasonable 
expense incurred in their disinfection or purification, and dur- 
ing their necessary detention for the prevention of their propa- 
gation of the small-pox. (P. 282.) The persons referred to in 
the above case were strangers and away from home. In Com- 
missioner of Salisbury vs. Powe (6 Jones, L., H. C., 134,) it 
was held that a town may by ordinance prohibit a person com- 
ing from a place infested by small-pox entering such town. 
In Bessonies vs. Indianapolis (71 Ind., 189), the Court held 
that “hospitals and houses for the sick are very far from being 
nuisances per se.” Under its police powers the city, by its law 
making authorities, might perhaps prescribe reasonable rules 
and regulations for drainage of the hospital grounds, the puri- 
fication and proper ventilation of the buildings, for the remov- 
al therefrom of any person afflicted with infectious or contag- 
ious diseases, and for the general management and government 
of the hospital grounds and buildings, both internally and with 
relation to the adjacent and surrounding property.” 
In Haag vs. Board of Commissioners (80 Ind., 511), it was 
held that a pest house erected on grounds belonging to the 
County, where persons with small-pox and other contagious and 
malignant diseases were treated, so near a dwelling house that 
the same became unhealthy and the owner’s family were infect- 
ed with the small-pox, was a nuisance. 
If a disease shall become epidemic and the home of a patient 
shall become pestilential, there may be a necessity for the pro- 
tection of the life and health of the public, not only for the re- 
moval of the patient from such home, but the destruction of 
his property to prevent the ravages of pestilence. If such 
urgent necessity shall arise, the public safety becomes the su- 
preme law of the State, and the Board would be justified in 
removing the patient from his home to a hospital, or to do any 
other reasonably necessary act to abate nuisances dangerous to 
the public health. 
In my opinion, it is within the power of the Board of Health 
to enact reasonable and necessary regulations, requiring per- 
sons infected with small-pox to be excluded from all contact 
with the public, and when such isolation can not otherwise be 32 
RULES AND REGULATIONS 
secured, to require their transfer to a hospital for such cases, 
reasonably and properly prepared for their reception and cure. 
It is a power that springs from inexorable necessity, and reg- 
ulations should be enforced as suggested and required by 
emergency, with a prudent regard for the security of the public 
and without unreasonable arbitrary and oppressive exercise of 
power on the citizen. 
Francis T. IIord, 
Attorney General. 
The statutes of Indiana provides the following: 
OFFENSES AGAINST PUBLIC HEALTH. 
A uisances. 
[Approved April 19, 1881.] 
Sec. 2066. "Whoever erects, continues, uses or maintains any 
building, structure or place for the exercise of any trade, em- 
ployment or business, or for the keeping or feeding of any 
animal, which, by occasioning noxious exhalations, or noisome 
or offensive smells, becomes injurious to the health, comfort or 
property of individuals, or the public, or causes or suffers any 
offal, filth or noisome substance to be collected or to remain in 
any place, to the damage or prejudice of others or the public, 
or obstructs or impedes without legal authority, the passage of 
any navigable river, harbor or collection of waters, or unlaw- 
fully diverts any stream of water from its natural course or 
state, to the injury of others, or obstructs or encumbers by 
fences, buildings, structures or otherwise, any public grounds; 
or erects, continues or maintains any obstructions to the full 
use of property so as to injure the property of another or es- 
sentially to interfere with the comfortable enjoyment of life, 
shall be fined not more than five hundred dollars nor less than 
ten dollars. Provided, That nothing in this section shall pre- 
vent the Board of Trustees of towns and the Common Councils 
of cities, from enacting and enforcing such ordinances within 
their respective corporate limits as they may deem necessary, 
to protect the public health and comfort. 
Sec. 2067. Whoever builds, erects, continues or keeps up 
any dam or other obstruction to any stream of water, and 
thereby produces stagnant water which is manifestly injurious STATE board of health. 
33 
to the public health and safety, shall he fined not more than 
five hundred dollars nor less than ten dollars. 
Sec. 2068. Whoever puts the carcass of any dead animal, or 
the offal from any slaughter house or butcher’s establishment, 
packing house or fish house, or any spoiled meat or spoiled fish, 
or any putrid animal substance, or the contents of any privy 
vault, upon or into any river, pond, canal, lake, public ground, 
market place, common, field, meadow, lot, road, street or alley, 
and whoever, being the owner or occupant of any such place, 
knowingly permits any such thing to remain therein to the 
annoyance and injury of any of the citizens of this State, or 
neglects or refuses to remove or abate the nuisance occasioned 
thereby, within twenty-four hours after knowledge of the ex- 
istence of such nuisance upon any of the above described prem- 
ises owned or occupied by him, or after notice thereof in writing 
from any health officer of the city, or the trustee of the town- 
ship in which such nuisance exists, shall be fined not more 
than one hundred dollars nor less than one dollar. 
Sec. 2069. Whoever knowingly sells, or has in his posses- 
sion with intent to sell, or exposes for sale, any kind of dis- 
eased or corrupted or unwholesome provisions, whether for 
meat or drink, or whoever knowingly sells or exposes for sale 
any article or substance intended to be eaten or drank, and 
shall by label or in any other way represent it to be other than 
what it is, or kills for the purpose of sale any calf less than 
four weeks old, or sells or has in his possession with intent to 
sell, the meat of any calf which he knows to have been killed 
when less than four weeks old, shall be fined not more than 
five hundred dollars nor less than ten dollars, to which may 
be added imprisonment in the county jail not more than six 
months nor less than ten days. 
Sec. 2070. Whoever kills for the purpose of sale any sick, 
diseased or injured animal, or who sells or has in his possession 
with intent to sell, the meat of any such sick, diseased or in- 
jured animal, shall be fined not more than five hundred dollars 
nor less than fifty dollars, to which may be added imprisonment 
in the county jail not more than six months. 
Sec. 2071. Whoever shall knowingly sell to any person or 
persons, or sells, or delivers, or brings to be manufactured to 
any cheese or butter manufactory in this State, any milk dilut- 
ed with water, or in any wTay adulterated, or milk from which 34 
RULES and regulations 
any cream has been taken, or milk commonly known as 
“skimmed milk,” or shall keep back any part of the milk known 
as “stripping,” with intent to defraud, or shall knowingly sell 
milk, the product of a sick or diseased or injured animal or 
animals, or any milk produced from any cow fed upon the refuse 
of any distillery or brewery, or upon any substance deleterious 
to the quality of the milk, or shall knowingly use any poison- 
ous or any deleterious material in the manufacture of any cheese 
or butter, or shall knowingly sell or offer to sell any cheese or 
butter in the manufacture of which any poisonous or deleter- 
ious substance has been used, shall be fined not more than five 
hundred dollars nor less than fifty dollars. 
Sec. 2072. Whoever maliciously or mischievously puts any 
dead animal, carcass or part thereof, or any other putrid, naus- 
eous, noisome or offensive substance, upon any highway or into, 
or in any manner befouls, any well, cistern, spring, brook, canal 
or stream of running water, or any reservoir of water works, of 
which any use is, or may be made for domestic purposes, shall 
be fined not more than one hundred dollars nor less than five 
dollars, to which may be added imprisonment in the county 
jail not more than sixty days nor less than ten days. 
Oleomargarine. 
[Approved March 3, 1883.] 
Section 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of 
Indiana, That whoever sells or has in his possession, with the 
intent to sell, or expose for sale, or whoever keeps on any table 
at any hotel, or at any public or private boarding house, any 
butter other than that made from pure milk, without first label- 
ing the same in large letters Oleomargarine, shall be deemed 
guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof shall be 
fined not more than fifty dollars, nor less than ten dollars. 
Sec. 2. Whereas, an emergency exists for the immediate 
taking effect of this act, therefore the same shall be in effect 
on and after its passage. 
NUISANCES. 
Civil code—Definition of Nuisances. 
Section 289, Revised Statutes of Indiana. Whatever is in- 
jurious to health, or indecent, or offensive to the senses, or an STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. 
35 
obstruction to the free use of property, so as essentially to in- 
terfere with the comfortable enjoyment of life or property, is a 
nuisance, and the subject of an action. 
Sec. 290. Such action may be brought by any person whose 
property is injuriously affected, or whose personal enjoyment 
is lessened by the nuisance. 
Sec. 291. Where a proper case is made, the nuisance may 
be enjoined or abated, and damages recovered therefor. 
It is useless to attempt to specify what constitutes a partic- 
ular nuisance, each individual case must be decided upon its 
merits, consequently we include no rules regarding cess pools, 
ditches, drains, slops, etc. Very few things are nuisances 
“per se” yet nearly anything may become a nuisance. 
What is not a nuisance per se can not be abated by a Board 
of Health until it is adjudged to be so employed as to be inimi- 
cal to public health or safety, or until their owners contravene 
some ordinance prescribing the mode in which they shall be 
used and thereby make them nuisances. 
The following is from the Revised Statutes of Indiana: 
DISEASED ANIMALS, ETC. 
Sec. 2101. Whoever overdrives, overloads, tortures, tor- 
ments, deprives of necessary sustenance, or unnecessarily or 
cruelly beats, or needlessly mutilates or kills any amimal; or 
impounds or confines any animal in any place and fails to sup- 
ply the same during such confinement with a sufficient quantity 
of good, wholesome food and water, or carries in or upon any 
vehicle or car, or otherwise, any animal in a cruel manner, or 
feeds cows on food that produces impure or unwholesome milk, 
or abandons to die any maimed, sick, infirm or diseased animal, 
or being a person or corporation engaged in transporting live 
stock, detains such stock in railroad cars or compartments for 
a longer continuous period than twenty-eight hours, after the 
same are so placed, without supplying the same with necessary 
food, water and attention, or permits such stock to be so crowd- 
ed together as to overlie, wound, crush or kill each other, shall 
be fined not more than two hundred dollars nor less than five 
dollars. 
Sec. 2102. Whoever knowingly permits any horse, mare, 
or gelding, affected with the glanders, to be taken from his or 36 
RULES AND REGULATIONS 
her premises, or to run at large, shall be lined not more than 
one hundred dollars, nor less than live dollars. 
Sec. 2103. Any person being the owner of sheep, or having 
the same in charge, who shall turn out or suffer any sheep hav- 
ing any contagious disease, knowing the same to be diseased, to 
run at large upon any common, highway or uninclosed ground, 
or who shall sell any diseased sheep knowing the same to he 
diseased, without fully disclosing the fact to the purchaser, shall 
he deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and be punished by a fine 
of not less than two nor more than twenty-five dollars for each 
diseased sheep, to be recovered as other penalties for like of- 
fenses. 
HOG CHOLERA. 
Sec. 2652. 1. In all cases where any hog, shoat, or other 
domestic animal, shall die of the disease commonly called “hog 
cholera,” or any other disease, it shall be the duty of the owner 
or owners of such hog, shoat, or other domestic animal, or the 
person or persons having the care and custody of the same, 
having knowledge of the fact, or upon receiving notice thereof, 
to cause the carcass of said hog, shoat, or other domestic ani- 
mal, without unnecessary delay, to be burned, or safely or 
securely buried. 
PENALTY. 
Sec. 2653. 2. If any owner or owners of such hog, shoat,. 
or other domestic animal, so dying with disease, or any person 
or persons having the care and custody thereof, having knowl- 
edge of the fact, or upon receiving notice thereof, shall fail, 
neglect, or refuse to comply with the provisions of the preced- 
ing section, he, she or they, so offending, shall be guilty of a 
misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof before any tribunal 
having cognizance of the offense, shall be fined in any sum not 
less than ten dollars nor more than fifty dollars. 
CATTLE—TEXAS FEVER. 
Sec. 2654. 1. It shall he unlawful for any person to bring 
into the State of Indiana, any cattle infected with the disease 
commonly known as the “Texas or Spanish jFever,” or any 
cattle liable to impart said fever to other cattle. Rules and Regulations adopted by the State Board of 
Health, and recommended for adoption 
by all Local Boards. 
SCHOOLS. 
Rule 1. No person afflicted with any contagions or in- 
fectious disease dangerous to public health, shall be admitted 
into any public or private school within the jurisdiction of this 
Board. 
Rule 2. No parent, guardian, tutor or other person having 
charge or control of any child or children, shall allow or permit 
any such child or children to go from any house or building 
infected with scarlet fever, diphtheria, cholera, small-pox or 
other contagious or infectious diseases dangerous to public 
health, to attend any public or private school within the juris- 
diction of this Board. 
Rule 3. No person, until after they have been successfully 
vaccinated, shall he admitted into any public or private school or 
institution of learning within this State either in the capacity 
of teacher or pupil. 
Rule 4. The county, city and town Health Officers, within 
the jurisdiction of this Board, shall exercise especial hygienic 
supervision over the schools and school houses within their 
respective jurisdictions, and where hygienic faults are found, 
said officers shall immediately call the attention of the school 
authorities thereto. 
DISEASES DANGEROUS TO THE PUBLIC HEALTH. 
Rule 6. Whenever any householder within the jurisdiction 
of this Board shall know or suspect that any person within 
his family is sick with the small-pox, scarlet fever, diphtheria 38 
RULES AND REGULATIONS 
or any other disease dangerous to the public health, he shall 
immediately give notice thereof to the Board of Health, or the 
local health officer. 
Rule 7. Whenever any physician shall know or suspect 
that any person whom he is called to visit within the jurisdic- 
tion of this Board, is infected with the small-pox, scarlet fever, 
diphtheria or any other disease dangerous to the public health, 
such physician shall give notice thereof to the local Board of 
Health, together with the locality and full description of the 
case. 
Rule 8. Where these diseases occur within the corporate 
limits of cities and towns, such notice shall be given within 
twelve hours; outside the corporate limits of such cities and 
towns, all such diseases except small-pox, yellow fever and 
cholera, shall be reported within fifteen days. All cases of 
small-pox, yellow fever and cholera shall be reported within 
twelve hours. 
Rule 9. No parent, guardian, tutor or other person within 
the jurisdiction of this Board having charge or control of any 
child or children, shall allow or permit any such child or chil- 
dren to go from any house or building infected with scarlet 
fever, diphtheria, cholera, small-pox or other contagious or in- 
fectious diseases, to attend any public school, church or any place 
of amusement, or to travel in any street car or public vehicle. 
Rule 10. No person within the jurisdiction of this Board 
shall be allowed or permitted to go from any house or building 
infected with scarlet fever, diphtheria, cholera, small-pox or 
other contagious or infectious diseases dangerous to public 
health to attend any public school, church, or any place of 
amusement, or to travel in any street car or public vehicle. 
Rule 11. No person recovering from infectious disease dan- 
gerous to public health shall be permitted to appear upon the 
public streets within the health limits of this Board, or public 
highway, or in any public place, until all danger from contagion 
by reason of such disease is passed. 
Rule 12. The room in which there has been a case of infec- 
tious disease dangerous to public health, must he thoroughly 
disinfected immediately, and all infected clothing, bedding, 
carpets, furniture, etc., either cleaned and disinfected or de- 39 
STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. 
stroyed; all such work to be done under the supervision of the 
health officer. 
Rule 13. In all cases of death from any disease dangerous 
to public health, the body shall be placed in a coffin as soon as 
possible, and the coffin securely closed and never again opened. 
SMALL-POX. 
Rule 14. Upon notice being given of cases of small-pox 
or varioloid within the jurisdiction of this Board, the health 
physician shall cause a red cloth or flag, having “small-pox” 
conspicuously printed thereon, not less than twelve inches 
square, to be fastened upon the front door or other conspicu- 
ous place of each building where such sickness prevails. In 
cases of scarlatina or diphtheria, a yellow flag shall be used in 
the same manner in which red is used in small-pox. Said cloth 
or flag to be maintained during the existence of the disease, 
and until such time as the health physician is satisfied the 
premises have been properly cleaned, disinfected and purified. 
If said cloth or flag is removed without authority from the 
health physician, the person removing said cloth or flag, or 
any one aiding or abetting therein, or causing their removal 
without authority of the health physician, shall be subject to 
the penalty as provided by Sec. 4994 Revised Statutes. 
Rule 15. Each clay brings evidence of the increasing dan- 
ger and virulence of this loathsome disease—small-pox—and 
also increased evidence of the power of vaccination to save 
from its ravages all persons who avail themselves of its pro- 
tective influences. It is the duty of all unvaccinated persons 
within this State to be vaccinated immediately. All persons 
coming into this State, who are unprotected, are requested to 
be vaccinated on their arrival. It is desirable that all children 
born within this State be successfully vaccinated within twelve 
months after birth. 
Rule 16. It is the duty of all persons to protect themselves 
and the public against small-pox, and in all cases where an ex- 
posure to small-pox has occurred, or when an epidemic of small- 
pox is threatened, it shall be the duty of the Board of Health 
within whose jurisdiction such exposure shall have occurred, 
or danger of such an epidemic ensuing, to compel a vaccination 
or revaccination of all exposed persons, and when in the judg- 40 
RULES AND REGULATIONS 
ment of said local board the preservation of the public health 
demands it, a vaccination or revaccination of the entire com- 
munity shall be ordered and executed, and any one refusing or 
failing to comply with such order shall be liable to the penalties 
of section 4994 R. S. 
Rule 17. As adopted by the State Board of Health, October 
18,1882. “All vaccinations must be with non-humanized virus. 
But no such virus shall be bought or sold to be used by phy- 
sicians in vaccinating, except such virus has been taken from 
the original package as obtained from the producer of said 
virus, and such original package of one point or more, or one 
scab or more, shall be bought and sold in sealed envelopes, 
having upon such envelopes the name of the proprietor of the 
farm where the virus is produced, and also the date when such 
virus was taken from the cow.” 
The only exception to this rule that would be recognized by 
this Board would he in the event that small-pox was prevalent 
in epidemic form, and the health officer should certify as to the 
impossibility of obtaining such virus in sufficient quantity, and 
also as to the purity of the humanized virus to be used in lieu 
of the bovine virus. 
Rule 18. It is hereby made the duty of every person who 
may have charge of any one who has died of small-pox, to 
cause the body to be interred within twelve hours after the 
death of any such person. 
There shall be no public demonstration, within the juris- 
diction of this Board, at the funeral of any person who has 
died from small-pox. 
BURIAL AND SHIPPING PERMITS. 
Rule 19. No undertaker or other person shall remove from 
or bring within the health limits of this Board, the body of 
any deceased person who has died from small-pox, cholera, 
yellow fever, diphtheria or other disease dangerous to public 
health, except with the knowledge, consent and approval of 
the county, town or city health officers within whose juris- 
diction said body is to be brought from, and to, and then such 
transportation shall be made under their care and direction. STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. 
41 
REGARDING HEALTH OFFICERS 
Rule 20. County, city and town health officers shall be 
energetic and vigilant in the discharge of their duties, and in 
supervising the sanitary work and the hygienic conditions 
within their respective jurisdictions. 
Rule 21. City and town health officers shall record all re- 
turns of births, deaths and contagious diseases occurring with- 
in their respective jurisdictions, and they shall monthly turn 
over to the county health officer the original birth, death and 
contagious disease returns. The county health officer, after 
recording these original returns, shall return them to the city 
or town health officer whence they were received, who will 
preserve them for future reference. 
Rule 22. County, city and town health officers shall take 
cognizance of all violations of the Revised Statutes printed in 
this pamphlet, in reference to diseased animals, and whenever 
any such are found, at once cause a rigid enforcement of the 
laws, and they shall in all cases of infectious diseases in animals 
occurring within their jurisdiction, render prompt assistance in 
arresting and stamping out the malady. 
Rule 23. Diseases dangerous to public health are especially 
objects of the functions of county, city and town health offi- 
cers, who will see that such diseases are reported, that the 
necessary preventive measures are resorted to in order to pro- 
tect the public health. In all cases where diseases dangerous 
to public health are reported, the officer within whose jurisdic- 
tion the disease occurs, shall at once send one of the “Prevent- 
able Disease Circulars” to the infected household. 
Rule 24. Health officers are expected to exercise a vigilant 
sanitary supervision over tenement and lodging houses, also, 
hotels, theaters, halls and other public buildings within their 
jurisdiction, and they shall compel the owners or lessees thereof, 
to keep the said buildings in a good sanitary condition, and to 
prepare tire escapes, in compliance with section 2152 of the 
Revised Statutes of Indiana. 
Rule 25. City and Town Health Officers shall give especial 
attention to the various markets and other places where articles 
are sold for human food, and they shall cause a rigid enlorce- 42 
RULES AND REGULATIONS 
ment of sections 2069, 2070 and 2071 Revised Statutes, and the 
Acts of Legislature 1883. See pages 24-26 of this pamphlet. 
MARRIAGE. 
Rule 26. County Health Otficers shall supply the Clerk of 
their respective counties with marriage return blanks, and 
when said County Clerk issues a marriage license, they shall 
deliver to the party procuring such license a blank marriage 
return, and when such return shall have been filled out and 
returned to the County Clerk, he shall deliver it to the Secre- 
tary of the County Board of Health. 
Rule 27. All persons authorized to solemnize matrimony in 
this State, shall fill out properly a return of marriage of each 
marriage solemnized by them, and return the same with the 
license and certificate to the County Clerk. 
SANITARY OVERSIGHT AND SURVEY. 
Rule 28. All Boards of Health of counties, cities and towns, 
should cause to be made a thorough sanitary survey of their 
respective jurisdictions, for the purpose of ascertaining the ex- 
istence of conditions detrimental to the public health, includ- 
ing in such survey swamp lands, stagnant ponds, imperfect 
drainage, sewerage, cess pools and water closets. The con- 
struction, ventilation and drainage of public buildings, school- 
houses, prisons, hospitals, eleemosynary institutions, and such 
other nuisances as might prove detrimental to public health. 
Blanks for such surveys will be furnished upon application to 
the Secretary of the State Board of Health. A copy of report 
on such sanitary survey should he transmitted to the State 
Board of Health with such comments and suggestions as may 
seem proper and necessary. 
The rules and regulations made by the State Board of Health 
and adopted by the various local Boards in accordance with 
powers given by act creating State and Local Boards of Health, 
etc., are laws to be obeyed by every individual in the State. 
All prosecutions for cases of neglect or refusal to comply 
with the provisions of the statutes of Indiana, or any rule pro- 
mulgated by a local Board of Health, should be instituted by 
such Local Board of Health, after the written notice above re- STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. 
43 
ferred to has been served upon the person so neglecting or re- 
fusing. All prosecutions for violations of the statute law, or 
the rules of Local Boards of Health should be instituted by 
the several prosecuting attorneys of this State, upon informa- 
tion of such Local Boards. 
The above rules and regulations are hereby adopted, and all 
rules and regulations heretofore promulgated by circular, card 
or pamphlets, or through newspaper publications, in conflict 
with the foregoing rules and regulations, are hereby revoked. 
By order of the Indiana State Board of Llealth. 
E. S. ELDER, M. D., 
April 20, 1884. Secretary and Executive Officer. NOSOLOGICAL TABLE. 
The following nomenclature is essentially that of the Royal 
College of Physicians and Surgeons, provisionally adopted by 
the National Board of Health, and embraces the causes of 
death reported to this Board during the last year. 
This list is most respectfully submitted to the physicians of 
Indiana as a guide in the study of the mortality in our State. 
We hope in a few years to be able to adopt it in our quarterly 
reports. 
CLASS ONE—ZYMOTIC DISEASES. 
Order One—Miasmatic. 
Anthrax. 
Choleraic diarrhea. 
Cholera morbus. 
Cholera infantum. 
Congestive chill. 
Croup. 
Diphtheria. 
Diarrhea. 
Dysentery. 
Entero-colitis. 
Erysipelas. 
Fever, cerebro spinal. 
Fever, catarrhal. 
Fever, continued. 
Fever, congestive. 
Fever, intermittent. 
Fever, malarial. 
Fever, pernicious. 
Fever, remittent. 
Fever, relapsing. 
Fever, typhoid. 
Fever, typho-malarial. 
Fever, scarlet. 
Gangrene. 
Measles. 
Mumps. . 
Pertussis. 
Puerperal fever. 
Puerperal peritonitis. 
Puerperal phlebitis. 
Puerperal septicaemia. 
Pyaemia. 
Order One—Continued. 
Small-pox. 
Septsemia. 
Urticaria. 
Order Two—Enthetic. 
Syphilis. 
Acquired. 
Constitutional. 
Order Three—Dietic. 
Delirium tremens. 
Inanition. 
Intemperance. 
Purpura. 
Order Four—Parasitic. 
Aphtha. 
Elephantiasis. 
Thrush. 
CLASS TWO—CONSTITUTIONAL 
DISEASES. 
Order One—Diathetic. 
Anasarca. 
Anaemia. 
Ascites. 
Cancer. 
Cancer of abdomen. STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. 
45 
Order One—Continued. 
Cancer of breast. 
Cancer of bladder. 
Cancer of bowels. 
Cancer of duodenum. 
Cancer of eye. 
Cancer of foot. 
Cancer of face. 
Cancer of kidneys. 
Cancer of liver. 
Cancer of muscles. 
Cancer of rectum. 
Cancer of scrotum. 
Cancer of shoulder. 
Cancer of stomach. 
Cancer of tongue. 
Cancer of uterus. 
Chlorosis. 
Dropsy. 
Gout. 
Leucocythsemia. 
Lymphadenoma. 
Prostate gland, enlargement of. 
Rheumatism. 
Rheumatism, inflammatory. 
Rheumatic disease of heart. 
Order Two—Tubercular. 
Abscess psoas. 
Glands, disease of. 
Hydrocephalus. 
Morbus-coxaris. 
Mesenteric glands, atrophy of. 
Meningitis tubercular. 
Phthisis pulmonalis. 
Pott’s disease. 
Rachitis. 
Scorbutus. 
Scrofula. 
Tabes-mesenterica. 
Order One—Continued. 
Chorea. 
Convulsions. 
Epilepsy. 
Hemicrania. 
Insanity. 
Inflammation. 
Locomotor-ataxia. 
Muscular atrophy. 
Meningitis. 
Myelitis. 
Neuralgia. 
Nervous exhaustion. 
Neuroma. 
Paralysis. 
Spine, disease of. 
Spine, congestion of. 
Stenosis of spinal cord. 
Spasms. 
Thrombosis, cerebral. 
Tetanus. 
Trismus-nascentium. 
Tumor of brain. 
Order Three—Circulatory. 
Aneurism. 
Angina-pectoris. 
Arteries, ossification of. 
Arteries, inflammation of. 
Blood vessel, rupture of. 
Congestion. 
Endocarditis. 
Embolism. 
Hemorrhage. 
Hydropericardium. 
Heart, abscess of. 
Heart clot. 
Heart, congestion of. 
Heart, disease of. 
Heart, dilitation of. 
Heart, fatty. 
Heart, hypertrophy of. 
Heart, neuralgia of. 
Heart, paralysis of. 
Heart, valvular disease of. 
Pericarditis. 
Phlebitis. 
Syncope. 
Order Three—Respiratory. 
Asthma. 
Apnea. 
A ngin a-trachealis. 
Bronchitis. 
Catarrh, bronchial. 
Catarrh, capillary. 
Catarrh, senile. 
Empyema. 
Hydrothorax. 
Lungs, abscess of. 
Lungs, congestion of. 
Lungs, disease of. 
CLASS THREE—LOCAL DISEASES. 
Order One—Nervous System. 
Apoplexy. 
Arachnitis. 
Abscess of brain. 
Abscess of spine. 
Brain fever. 
Brain, compression of. 
Brain, congestion of. 
Brain, disease of. 
Brain, effusion of. 
Brain, hemorrhage of. 
Brain, hyperaemia of. 
Brain, inflammation of. 
Brain, paralysis of. 
Brain, softening of. 
Cerebritis. 46 
NOSOLOGICAL TABLES. 
Order Three—Continued. 
Lungs, hepatization of. 
Lungs, hemorrhage of. 
Lungs, oedema. 
Lungs, ulceration of. 
Laryngitis. 
Larynx, tumor of. 
(Edema of glottis. 
Pneumonitis 
Pneumonitis typhoid. 
Pneumonitis pleuro. 
Pleurisy. 
Trachea Tumor of. 
Throat, ulceration of. 
Order Four—Digestive. 
Abdomen, tumor of. 
Bowels, abscess of. 
Bowels, congestion of. 
Bowels, hemorrhage of. 
Bowels, inflammation of. 
Bowels, intussusception of. 
Bowels, occl usion of. 
Bowels, obstruction of. 
Bowels, paralysis of. 
Bowels, tumor of. 
Bowels, ulceration of. 
Cirrhosis. 
Colic. 
Colitis. 
Constipation. 
Colon, ulceration of. 
Dyspepsia. 
Enteritis. 
Gastritis. 
Gastro-enteritis. 
Gall stones. 
Hemorrhoidal tumor. 
Hepatitis. 
Hernia. 
Hernia, strangulated. 
Hydroperitoneum. 
Ileus. 
Intussusception 
Indigestion, chronic. 
Jaundice. 
Liver, atrophy of. 
Liver, abscess of. 
Liver, cirrhosis of. 
Liver, congestion of. 
Liver, disease of. 
Liver, enlargement of. 
Liver, fatty. 
Mouth, inflammation of. 
(Esophagus, contraction of. 
Peritonitis. 
Parotitis. 
Pharyngitis. 
Rectum, ulceration of. 
Regurgitation. 
Stomach, abscess of. 
Stomach and bowels, congestion of. 
Stomach, disease of. 
Order Four—Continued. 
Stomach and bowels, disease of. 
Stomach, hemorrhage of. 
Stomach, neuralgia of. 
Stomach, ulceration of. 
Stomach, tumor of. 
Spleen, disease of. 
Stomatitis. 
Tonsillitis. 
Order Five—Urinary System. 
Albuminuria. 
Bladder, disease of. 
Bladder, hemorrhage of. 
Bladder, rupture of. 
Bladder, tumor of. 
Calculus. 
Cystitis. 
Diabetes. 
Kidneys, abscess of. 
Kidneys, disease of. 
Kidneys, fatty of. 
Kidneys, ulceration of. 
Nephria (Bright’s disease.) 
Nephritis. 
Prostatitis. 
Urine, suppression of. 
Urethra, stricture of. 
Uraemic poisoning. 
Order Six—Generative Organs. 
Metritis. 
Ovaritis. 
Ovariotomy. 
Ovarian tumor. 
Testicles, inflammation of. 
Uterine tumor. 
Uterus, ulcer of. 
Vicarious menstruation. 
Womb, catarrh of. 
Order Seven—Osseous and Locomo- 
tor y. 
Abscess (ischio rectal). 
Caries (vertebral). 
Femur, inflammation of. 
Medullary tumor. 
Necrosis. 
Otorrhea. 
Pelvic bones, ulceration of. 
Order Eight—Integumentary. 
Abscess. 
Abscess, antrum of high more. 
Abscess of ear. 
Abscess, lumbar. 
Abscess, mastoid. 
Abscess of nates. 
Abscess of parotid gland. 
Abscess, peritoneal. STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. 
Order Eight—Continued. 
Abscess, prostatic. 
Cellulitis. 
Umbilicus, ulceration of. 
Ulcer of legs. 
Ulcer, chronic. 
Order Nine—Miscellaneous. 
Ear, inflammation of. 
Keratitis. 
Tumor (undefined). 
Tumor of —. 
CLASS FIVE—ACCIDENT, NEGLI- 
GENCE AND VIOLENCE. 
Order One—Accidents and Negli- 
gence. 
Abortion. 
Asphyxia. 
Accident. 
Amputation of leg. 
Buzz saw. 
Burns. 
Blow on abdomen. 
Crushed by saw-log. 
Caving in of sand bank. 
Caught in machinery. 
Concussion of brain. 
Drowned. 
Drinking concentrated lye. 
Explosion of gun-powder. 
Explosion of boiler. 
Exposure to cold. 
Foreign body in trachea. 
Foreign body in bronchia. 
Fall. 
Falling tree. 
Falling on sharp stick. 
Falling on slate in mine. 
Fracture. 
Fracture of femur. 
Fracture of neck. 
Fracture of ribs. 
Fracture of spine. 
Fracture of skull. 
Fright. 
Gun-shot wound of . 
Internal injury. 
Injury from wrestling. 
Kicked by a horse. 
Lightning. 
Mechanical occlusion of . 
Paracentesis. 
Pistol wound. 
Runaway. 
Rupture of blood vessel. 
Rattlesnake bite. 
Run over by railroad cars. 
Skull smashed. 
Strangulation. 
Shock from operation. 
Scalded. 
Sun stroke. 
Suffocation in elevator. 
Spine, concussion of. 
Thrown from a horse. 
Toy pistol. 
Poison. 
Poison by aconite. 
Poison by belladonna. 
Poison by colored paper. 
Poison by laudanum. 
Poison by morphine. 
Poison by opium. 
Poison by patent medicine. 
CLASS FOUR—DEVELOPMENTAL 
DISEASES. 
Order One—Children. 
Atelectasis. 
Anus imperfect. 
Birth, premature. 
Birth, injuries at. 
Birth, still. 
Cyanosis. 
Debility, infantile. 
Malnutrition. 
Malformation. 
Nursing sore throat and mouth. 
Prolapsus funis. 
Spina bifida. 
Teething. 
Umbilical hemorrhage. 
Umbilical cord, disease of. 
Order Two—Women. 
Amenorrhcea. 
Climacteria. 
Child birth, accident at. 
Puerperal eclampsia. 
Puerperal hemorrhage. 
Post partum hemorrhage. 
Parturition. 
Pelvic abscess. 
Pelvic cellulitis. 
Uterine hemorrhage. 
Order Three—Old Age. 
Old age 
Order Four—Nutrition. 
Asthenia. 
Debility. 
Exhaustion. 
Imperfect nutrition. 
Marasmus. 48 
NOSOLOGICAL TABLES. 
Order Three—Continued. 
Shot while attempting to lynch prisoner. 
Stabbed. 
Wound in head. 
Order Four—Suicide. 
Suicide. 
Suicide by cutting throat. 
Suicide by drowning. 
Suicide by gun shot. 
Suicide by hanging. 
Suicide by opium. 
Suicide by pistol shot. 
Suicide by poison. 
Suicide by strangulation. 
Unknown. 
Order One—Continued. 
Poison by rat medicine. 
Poison by spirits of turpentine. 
Poison by white lead. 
Order Two—Hanging. 
Hanging. 
Order Three—Homicide. 
Homicide. 
Infanticide. 
Killed by a mob. 
Pistol shot. LOCAL HEALTH OFFICERS OF MADISON COUNTY. 
Dr. Wm. Suman Anderson, Ind. 
S. W. Edwins, M. D Frankton, Ind. 
J. W. Pugh, M. D Alexandria, Ind. 
Geo. E. Swallow, M. D Summitvilie, Ind. 
Dr. A. S. Huston Pendleton, Ind. 
Elwood, Ind.