RULES AND REGULATIONS 
OF THE 
BOARD OF HEALTH 
OF THE 
CITY OF FITCHBURG 
MAY, 1897. RULES AND REGULATIONS 
OF THE 
BOARD OF HEALTH 
OF THE 
CITY OF FITCHBURG 
MAY, 1897, 
FITCHBURG; 
Press of Blanchard & Brown, 
1897. ORGANIZATION. 
DWIGHT S. WOODWORTH, M. D., Chairman. 
JOSEPH H. PADARDY, M. D., Clerk. 
ISAAC C. WRIGHT. 
CHESTER L. LINCOLN, 
Agent of Board. 
JOHN F. BRESNAHAN, 
Inspector of Plumbing. 
OTIS F. LORD, D. V. S., 
Inspector of A7iimals and Provisions. RULES AND REGULATIONS OF 
THE BOARD OF HEALTH. 
The Board of Health of the city of Fitchburg hereby 
makes and publishes, as required by the Public Statutes 
of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, the following 
Rules and Regulations for the public health and safety: 
Extract from the Public Statutes, Chapter 80, Sec- 
tion 18: 
“ The Board shall make such regulations as it judges 
necessary for the public health and safety. Whoever 
violates such regulations shall forfeit a sum not exceed- 
ing one hundred dollars ($100.00).” v 
CLEANLINESS OF HOUSES AND 
PREMISES. 
Public Statutes. Chapter 80, Section 24, provides: 
“ The Board when satisfied upon due examination 
that a cellar, room, tenement or building in its city, 
occupied as a dwelling house has become, by reason of 
the number of inhabitants, want of cleanliness or other 
cause, unfit for such purpose, and a cause of nuisance or 
sickness to the inhabitants or the public, may issue a 
notice in writing to such occupants or any of them re- 
quiring the premises to be put in a proper condition as to 
cleanliness; or if they see fit, requiring the occupants to 
quit the premises within such time as the Board may 
deem reasonable.” Rule 1. No person shall deposit or permit to be 
deposited, or allow to remain on any land of which he is 
the owner, lessee, or occupant, any house offal, fish, 
dead animals, decayed fruit or vegetables or any other 
rubbish or filth of any kind; neither shall he deposit the 
same in any stream, pond, catch basin, street, lane, 
alley, or public ground of the city. Further, no person 
shall clean, scale, or wash fish or meat or throw the 
offal thereof upon any street, lane, alley, or public 
ground of the city. 
Rule 2. All putrid, decaying or decayed animal or 
vegetable matter shall be removed from the cellars and 
outbuildings on or before the first day of June in each 
year. 
Rule 3. No person shall burn on premises occupied 
by him any garbage, refuse woolen, silk, leather or India 
rubber goods or other substances so that the same shall 
evolve offensive odors and gases while burning. 
Rule 4. No person or persons shall deposit ashes or 
rubbish in any place within the city limits except in 
such places as shall be designated by the Board of 
Health. 
Rule 5. No owner or occupant of land abutting on 
a private passage-way, and having the right to use such 
passage-way, shall suffer any filth or waste or stagnant 
water to remain on that part of the passage-way adjoin- 
ing such land. 
Rule 6. No workman or other person shall commit 
any nuisance in the cellar of any building while the 
same is in process of construction. Rule 7. The owner or lessee of any hotel, lodging 
or tenement house within the limits of the city shall, 
when in the opinion of the Board of Health or its duly 
authorized agent it is deemed necessary, white-wash, 
paint or otherwise clean and make wholesome the walls 
and ceilings of the rooms and passage-ways of the build- 
ing. 
Rule 8. The owner, agent or lessee of every build- 
ing within the limits of the city shall provide a suitable 
receptacle for ashes and rubbish, and shall not allow 
ashes or rubbish to be thrown in or about the yard or 
premises. 
Rule 9. The owner or lessee of every lodging house 
within the limits of the city shall provide for at least 500 
cubic feet of air space for every lodger intended to be 
accommodated therein. 
Rule 10. The owner, lessee, or occupant, at his own 
expense shall remove any nuisance, source of filth, or 
cause of sickness found on private property, when 
ordered to do so by the Board of Health, and within 
such time as the said Board shall specify. 
Rule 11. If the owner or occupant fail to comply 
with such order, the Board may cause the nuisance, 
source of filth, or cause of sickness to be removed; and 
all expenses incurred thereby shall be paid by the owner 
or occupant or other such person who caused or permit- 
ted the same, if he has had actual notice from the Board 
of Health of the existence thereof. 
HOUSE OFFAL. 
Rule 12. Every house shall be provided with a 
suitable water-tight covered receptacle to keep garbage and swill until the same is removed by the city scaven- 
gers. All house offal, whether consisting of animal or 
vegetable substances, shall be placed therein, and no 
refuse, tin cans, ashes, glass, sweepings, oyster and clam 
shells, sawdust, cork dust, old boots or shoes, dead 
animals, lawn clippings or poisonous substances, shall 
be mingled therewith, and the same shall be kept in 
some convenient place to be taken away by the swill col- 
lector, which shall be done as often as twice each week. 
Any garbage containing foreign matter of the kind 
enumerated above must be cared for by the owners at 
their own expense. 
Rule 13. No person shall go about, in or through 
the streets, squares or highways of the city collecting or 
removing swill, offal, manure, butchers’ waste, soap 
grease, rough tallow or slaughter-house refuse unless 
duly authorized and licensed by the Board of Health. 
Rule 14. All such refuse collected and carried 
through the streets, squares or highways as before pro- 
vided shall be put and carried in a close-covered vehicle, 
box or other tight vessel from which no odors can escape 
and which shall at all times, when not necessarily open 
for the purpose of depositing the material collected 
therein, be kept securely covered. If any of the con- 
tents thereof shall be spilled or fall upon any street, 
walk or premises, it shall be the duty of the keeper 
or driver to replace the same immediately and remove all 
traces thereof. 
ANIMALS. 
Rule 15. No fowls, swine or goats shall be kept 
without a license from the Board of Health, and only in such place and manner as they may direct, within those 
portions of Fitchburg included in the following limits, 
to wit: Beginning at junction of Main and Caldwell 
streets, thence by Caldwell to Arlington street, thence 
to junction of High and Mechanic streets, thence in a 
straight line to junction of North street and Pearl Hill 
road, thence by Pearl Hill road to the junction of Pearl 
street, thence by Pearl street to Townsend street, thence 
in a straight line to junction of Lunenburg and Garland 
streets, thence in a straight line to junction of Bemis and 
Summer streets, thence by Summer street to Lunenburg 
line, thence in a straight line to the north junction of 
Water street and Abbott avenue, thence by Water street 
to the Leominster line, thence by Leominster line to 
Abbott avenue, thence by Abbott avenue to Water 
street, thence by Water street to Newton street, thence 
in a direct line to junction of Rollstone street and Pratt 
road, thence by Pratt road to Oak Hill road, thence by 
Oak Hill road to River street, thence by River street to 
West street, thence by West and Main streets to the 
place of beginning. Also, beginning at the junction of 
Eaton street and River street, thence in a direct line 
south to the Nashua River, thence by the river to a point 
in the river directly south of the junction of Westminster 
and Temple streets, thence to said junction of Westmin- 
ster and Temple streets, thence in a straight line to the 
junction of Vernon and Phillips streets, thence by 
Phillips and Sanborn streets to Ashburnham street, 
thence in a straight line to junction of Westminster and 
Eaton streets, and thence by Eaton street to place of be- 
ginning. These limits shall include both sides of the 
boundary streets. 
Rule 16. No person shall keep any fowl or swine or 
any animal in any place in the city where the Board of Health may deem such keeping detrimental to the health 
or comfort of the residents of the neighborhood or to 
those who may pass thereby; and the said Board shall 
have the power to remove or cause to be removed there- 
from such fowl or animal so kept. 
Rule 17. No person shall receive a license to keep 
goats or swine within the limits prescribed in Rule 15, 
without first paying to the Board of Health for the use 
of the city, $l.OO for each goat or swine to be kept. 
All such permits shall expire on the first day of May, 
annually, and may be revoked at any time by the Board 
of Health. 
Rule 18. No deceased animal or its flesh shall be 
sold or offered for sale, and no decayed, diseased, or un- 
wholesome meat, fish, vegetables, fruit or other article 
of food shall be sold or offered for sale in this city. 
Rule 19. No person shall abandon or leave in any 
street, alley, lot or other public place within said city 
any sick or injured horse or other animal. It shall be 
the duty of the owner of such sick or injured animal to 
make provision for the care and shelter of the same, or, 
if such sick or injured animal shall be adjudged past 
recovery, to kill or cause to be killed the same and re- 
moved under the rules and regulations of the Board of 
Health. 
Rule 20. Any sick or injured animal found or 
abandoned upon any street, alley, lot or public place 
within said city, without an owner, which is adjudged by 
the Board of Health or the Inspector of Animals, to 
be past recovery, shall, after an interval of two hours, 
if unclaimed and uncared for by the owner thereof, be 
killed and removed by order of said Board. Rule 21. No person shall deposit or cause to be 
deposited upon any lot or in any street, alley, lake or 
river, or other body of water within said city, any dead 
animal or part thereof. It shall he the duty of any 
owner or other person having charge of any animal at 
the time of its death to remove or cause to he removed 
the dead body of such animal, within six hours after 
death, to the licensed rendering factory or any other 
place within said city designated by the Board of Health, 
unless permission to do otherwise is given in writing by 
said Board. 
Rule 22. No dead animal shall be transported 
through the streets of the city except in such a vehicle 
as shall be designated and under such regulations as 
shall be prescribed by the Board of Health. 
DRAINAGE. 
Rule 1. No person shall occupy or permit others to 
occupy, any building owned by him as a dwelling, tene- 
ment, or lodging-house, unless such building is provided 
with a suitable water-tight privy vault, or with a water- 
closet, nor unless every water-closet, sink, set-bowl, 
slop-hopper or like fixture is connected with a water- 
tight soil pipe or underground drain of sufficient size to 
carry off the contents to a cesspool or sewer. 
Rule 2. When there is a main drain or common 
sewer in any street, highway, passageway, or alley, 
every owner of land adjoining such street, highway, 
passageway, or alley, shall make a sufficient drain from 
his house, yard or lot to such sewer, and shall cause all 
waste water and sewage from sinks and water-closets to 
be conducted through the same to said main drain or common sewer, and no person shall suffer any waste or 
stagnant water to remain in any cellar or upon any lot 
or vacant grounds by him owned or occupied. 
Rule 3. Whenever, upon due examination it shall 
appear to the Board of Health that any tenement or 
building is not furnished with vaults constructed accord- 
ing to the provisions of these Regulations, or with suf- 
ficient privies or water-closets, or drains under ground 
for waste water, they will thereupon issue their notice, 
in writing, to the occupants, or any of them, requiring 
them to remove and quit such tenement or building with- 
in such time as the Board shall deem reasonable, and 
the same shall not be again occupied as a dwelling 
place without the consent, in writing, of the Board. 
Rule 4. No person shall permit the drainage of any 
building to enter any lake, pond or stream within the 
limits of the city of Fitchburg, the water of which is 
used for domestic purposes or from which ice is cut. 
PRIVIES, VAULTS, AND CESSPOOLS. 
Rule 1. No privy or privy vault shall be estab- 
lished in this city, either upon premises situated on a 
public or private street, court, or passageway where 
there is a public sewer opposite thereto, or upon premises 
connected with a public or private sewer, without per- 
mission in writing first obtained from the Board of 
Health. And whenever there is a privy or privy vault, 
so situated which, in the opinion of the Board of Health, 
is injurious to the public health, said Board shall declare 
the same to be a nuisance, and forbid its continuance, 
and sections twenty-one to twenty-three, inclusive, of 
chapter eighty of the Public Statutes, shall apply to such 
nuisances so declared. Rule 2. No cesspool or privy, or privy vault shall 
be established on land where there is any well, spring, 
or other source of water supply used for culinary or 
domestic purposes, except by special permit in writing 
first obtained from the Board of Health. 
PRIVY VAULT CONSTRUCTION. 
Rule 3. Hereafter all privy vaults shall be made of 
brick and cement, and shall contain at least 60 cubic 
feet. They shall be made water tight and shall be so 
constructed that the inside of the vault shall be at least 
two feet distant from the line of every adjoining lot, 
unless the owner of such lot shall consent and agree 
otherwise, and also two feet from every street, lane, 
passageway or public place. 
CESSPOOL CONSTRUCTION. 
Rule 4. No person shall build or cause to be built 
a cesspool within the city limits unless the same is con- 
structed in a thorough and substantial manner. It shall 
be lined with stone, brick, or other suitable material! 
of sufficient strength and thickness to prevent the walls 
from falling in. 
Every cesspool shall be of sufficient size to contain 
at least 80 cubic feet, measured from a point 18 inches 
below the surface of the ground. When not water tight 
it shall be at least 20 feet from the outside of the cellar 
wall of any tenement or dwelling. Cesspools shall be so 
located that the inside of the same shall be at least three 
feet distant from the line of any adjoining lot or street. 
Rule 5. In case the conditions of construction or 
location of privy vaults or cesspools contained in the 
foregoing sections cannot be carried out, a special per- Mit in writing must first be obtained from the Board of 
Health for the construction of the same:—otherwise the 
Board may declare the same to be a nuisance and may 
cause the same to be amended, altered, repaired or 
removed. 
EARTH CLOSETS. 
Rule 6. Earth privies or closets may be established 
where dry earth or ashes are added in sufficient quantity 
to absorb all moisture and where the entire contents are 
removed weekly. 
CLEANING VAULTS AND CESSPOOLS. 
Rule 7. All privies or privy vaults and cesspools 
shall be kept in good repair and shall be cleaned at least 
once each year. Any privy, or privy vault, or cesspool 
not cleaned within that time shall be declared a nuisance 
and ordered cleaned. 
They shall also be cleaned at such other times when- 
ever they shall become filled to a point 12 inches from 
the surface of the ground, and also whenever the Board 
of Health shall direct. 
Rule 8. No person, except one holding a license to 
follow the business of vault cleaning, shall empty any 
cesspool or privy vault without first obtaining a written 
permit from the Board of Health. 
Such permit shall be granted only for the time and 
according to the method expressed in the same and ap- 
proved by the Board. 
Rule 9. No person shall bury the contents of any 
vault or cesspool on premises occupied or owned by 
him within the city limits, nor shall he empty the same 
into any drain or catch basin. Rule 10. In no case shall the contents of any privy 
vault be removed unless the same is properly disinfected 
before the work is commenced, and after the completion 
of the cleaning, by such disinfectants as shall be ap- 
proved by the Board of Health. 
Rule 11. Whenever the use of any privy is discon- 
tinued, the seats shall be torn out, and the vault shall be 
cleaned to the bottom and filled up with earth or other 
suitable material. 
Rule 12. No person shall engage in the business of 
cesspool or vault cleaning without first obtaining a 
license from the Board of Health, and any person hold- 
ing such license shall forfeit the same by failing to 
comply with such rules and regulations as the Board 
may see fit to adopt. 
Rule 13. The prices to be charged for such vault 
cleaning shall be fixed as follows: $3.00 for a tank-load 
of thirty cubic feet, or for a load of six barrels filled with 
solid material. When the contents of a vault are greater 
or less than thirty cubic feet they shall be removed at 
rates above specified; but if less than twenty cubic feet 
it shall be considered a load, and two dollars charged. 
Should complaints arise at any time that the work is 
not properly done, or there is dissatisfaction with the 
charges, it is requested that all such complaints should 
be communicated at once to the Board of Health for 
adjustment. 
Chapter 213 of the Acts of 1895, as amended by Chap- 
ter 332 of the Acts of 1890 ; 
STABLES 
Section 1. No person shall hereafter erect, occupy or use for a stable any building in any city whose popula- 
tion exceeds twenty-five thousand, unless first licensed 
so to do by the Board of Health of said city, and in such 
case only to the extent so licensed. 
Sect. 2. The foregoing provisions shall not be con- 
strued to prevent any such occupation and use which 
may be authorized by law at the time of the passage of 
this act, to the extent and by the person or persons so 
authorized: provided, however, that the Board of Health 
ot any such city may make such regulations or orders 
respecting the drainage, ventilation, number of animals, 
and the storage and handling of manure, in any exist- 
ing stables in their respective cities as in their judgment 
the public health requires. 
Sect. 3. Whoever violates the provisions of this 
act or of any regulation or order made pursuant thereto, 
shall be punished by a fine of five dollars for each day 
such offence continues; and any court having equity 
jurisdiction may restrain any such erection, occupation 
or use contrary to the provisions of this act. 
No person shall hereafter occupy or use in any city 
any building for a livery stable or a stable for taking 
and keeping horses and carriages for hire or to let, 
within two hundred feet of any church or meeting-house 
erected and used for the public worship of God, without 
the consent, in writing, of the religious society or parish 
worshipping therein. 
Chapter 220, Acts of 1891, Section 2: 
RULES. The conditions upon which such license is 
issued are: 
1. The stable must be erected and complete in all 
its appointments before license to occupy is granted. 2. The erection of said stable shall begin within 
ninety days from date of application for a permit to 
build and be prosecuted to completion with reasonable 
dispatch. 
3. The manure pit shall be constructed of brick or 
stone, laid in cement and so situated as to allow the 
manure when removed to be loaded inside the stable. 
4. When such water-tight pit or cellar is situated 
under the building it shall be ventilated by a shaft not 
less than twelve inches square, carried two feet above 
the roof of the main building. 
5. The accumulation or storage of manure outside 
of such pit or cellar is prohibited. Manure or bedding 
shall not remain outside the stable. 
6. The drainage of every stable shall be properly 
conducted to the public sewer whenever practicable and 
to the satisfaction of the Board of Health. 
7. In every case the ventilation and drainage shall 
be made satisfactory to the Board of Health. 
8. The said building shall not be enlarged or altera- 
tion made without special permit having first been ob- 
tained from the Board of Health. 
9. Hogs shall not be kept in or about the stable 
except by special license from the Board of Health. 
10. Owners and occupants of livery and other 
stables within the city, shall not wash or clean their 
carriages or horses, or cause them to be washed or 
cleaned in the streets or public ways. They shall keep 
their stables and yards clean, and not allow large 
quantities of manure to accumulate in or near the same 
at any one time between the first day of May and the 
first day of November, and no manure shall be allowed 
to accumulate or remain uncovered outside of a stable 
building. 11. Any building now in use for stable purposes 
that is not constructed in conformity with the above 
regulations shall be so reconstructed whenever in the 
opinion of the Board of Health the public health may 
demand it. 
12. The license may he revoked by the Board of 
Health whenever in its judgment the health and comfort 
of the people residing in the vicinity of said premises 
require it. 
18. The fee for a license to occupy a building for 
stable purposes shall he one dollar ($1.00). CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. 
DISEASES DANGEROUS TO PUBLIC 
HEALTH. 
Rule 1. The Board of Health considers the follow- 
ing diseases as dangerous to public health within the 
meaning of the Statute: Asiatic cholera, yellow fever, 
small-pox, varioloid, diphtheria, membranous croup, 
scarlet fever, measles, typhoid fever, typhus fever, and 
epidemic cerebro-spinal meningitis. 
Rule 2. Every person, in whose dwelling there shall 
occur a case of either of the diseases specified in Rule 1, 
shall immediately notify the Board of Health of the 
same, and, until instructions are received from the 
Board shall not permit any clothing or other property 
that may have been exposed to infection to be removed 
from the house, nor shall any occupant take up a resi- 
dence elsewhere without the consent of the Board. Any 
physician who may know of or be called to a case of 
either of the diseases specified in the foregoing regula- 
tions, shall at once report such case to the Board of 
Health. 
Rule 3. No person shall enter any hospital estab- 
lished for the care of contagious disease or the grounds 
surrounding the same without a written permit from the 
Board of Health. QUARANTINE. 
Rule 4. Every house in which a case of Asiatic 
cholera, yellow fever, small-pox, varioloid, diphtheria, 
membranous croup, scarlet fever, typhus fever, or 
measles, shall occur, shall be placarded with the name 
of the disease in such form and manner as may be deter- 
mined by the Board of Health, which placard shall not 
be removed except by a duly authorized agent of the 
Board. 
Rule 5. All persons affected with either of the 
diseases specified in Rule 4, and all articles infected by 
the same, shall be immediately separated from all per- 
sons liable to contract or communicate the disease, and 
none but nurses and physicians shall be allowed access 
to persons sick with said diseases, and no person sick 
with any of said diseases shall be removed at any time, 
except by permission and under direction of the Board. 
All persons infected with either of said diseases who 
cannot be properly quarantined, may be removed ac- 
cording to law, to such hospital or other place as the 
Board of Health direct, and no person shall obstruct, 
hinder or oppose such removal, and when any person 
dies of either of said diseases, the body shall be buried 
under direction of the Board of Health, and no person 
shall obstruct, hinder or oppose such burial. 
Rule 6. All bedding or other personal property, 
liable to propagate any of the diseases mentioned in 
Rule 4 shall be at once properly cleansed and fumigated 
or destroyed, and the Board of Health, if they deem it 
expedient, may cause the same to be so cleansed or 
destroyed. 
Rule 7. No person or article liable to propagate a dangerous disease shall be brought within the limits of 
the city without special consent and direction of the 
Board of Health, and whenever it shall appear to any 
person that such person or article has been brought into 
the city, immediate notice thereof shall be given to the 
Board, specifying its location. 
Rule 8. No person sick with any contagious or 
infectious disease shall be transported in any public 
vehicle used for the carrying of passengers. 
No member of a family in which there is a case of 
contagious disease who is employed in such place or 
manner as in the opinion of the Board of Health is liable 
to spread contagion shall continue such employment, 
during the time that the family is in quarantine unless 
the consent of the Board of Health has first been 
obtained. 
Rule 9. Whenever quarantine has been established 
by the Board of Health upon or in any house within said 
city in which any contagious or infectious disease exists, 
by a placard affixed to such house, such quarantine and 
all the provisions thereof shall be maintained until the 
recovery or death of the person or persons affected with 
such disease has been reported to said Board, and until 
the said house has been thoroughly disinfected and such 
placard removed by said Board. 
Rule 10. The body of any person dying, who has 
previously and within twenty-four days from date of 
death been reported by the attending physician to the 
Board of Health, as having had cholera, small-pox, 
diphtheria, membranous croup or diphtheritic croup or 
scarlet fever, shall, within twenty-four hours, be in- 
terred. Rule 11. No person shall make, procure or cause to 
be made, any clothing or wearing apparel of any kind, 
in any house or building wherein any person shall be 
sick with small-pox, varioloid or other contagious or 
infectious disease except for the personal use of some 
one of the inmates of said house, and no person shall 
sell, or expose for sale any clothing or wearing apparel 
which shall have been made in any house or building in 
which there shall have been at the time when said cloth- 
ing was made, any person sick or infected with any such 
disease. 
DISINFECTION. 
Rule 12. Upon the death, recovery or removal of any 
person sick of any disease dangerous to the public 
health, the Board of Health shall require such disinfec- 
tion of the rooms of the house where such sickness has 
occurred, and such of the articles therein contained as 
may be deemed by them advisable, and such disinfection 
if done by the householder shall be performed in a man- 
ner satisfactory to the Board of Health. 
SCHOOL ATTENDANCE. 
Rule 13. No child from a family in which there shall 
occur a case of Asiatic cholera, yellow fever, small-pox, 
varioloid, diphtheria, membranous croup, scarlet fever, 
typhus fever, or measles, shall attend any school, public 
or private, in the city during the continuance of the 
disease, or for a period of two weeks after the death, 
recovery, or removal, of the person or persons sick. 
Rule 14. No pupil who, by reason of the foregoing 
rule, has been debarred from school attendance, shall be 
readmitted to any school in the city without a written permit from the Board of Health. Such permit may be 
issued when the attending physician has certified in 
writing to the Board of Health that in his opinion the 
child may attend school without danger of communicating 
any contagious disease. 
Rule 15. No pupil while affected with whooping 
cough, chicken-pox, or purulent ophthalmia, shall attend 
any school in the city. 
Rule 16. The Principal of any school upon the re- 
ceipt of information satisfactory to him that any pupil 
attending school under his charge has visited a house- 
hold where, at the time of such visit, small-pox, diph- 
theria, membranous croup, or scarlet fever existed, is 
authorized to suspend such pupil from school for a period 
of two weeks next following such visit. 
Rule 17. When children are absent from school on 
account of illness, and whenever the Principal has 
reason to suspect the existence of contagious disease in 
any household, he is authorized to exclude pupils from 
school until the case can be properly investigated. The 
teachers are required to exercise caution in sending 
pupils to the houses of absent pupils to ascertain the 
reason for such absence, specially forbidding them to 
enter the houses to which they are sent. Pupils are not 
permitted to be sent where contagious diseases are be- 
lieved to exist in the household of absent pupils. 
Rule 18. In excluding pupils from any house in 
which small-pox, scarlet fever, diphtheria and mem- 
branous croup exists, two or more buildings must be 
considered as one house if there is any direct communi- 
cation between them; or if it is possible to enter or 
leave the two residences by means of the same hall, 
stairway or door. Rule 19. If it comes to the teacher’s knowledge that 
any pupil visits the house infected or attends the funeral 
of any person dying of those diseases, such pupil must 
be excluded at once and the case referred in writing to 
the Board of Health. 
Rule 20. Teachers in the public and private schools 
are directed to follow the letter and the intent of these 
rules and refer all questions that may arise to the Board 
of Health. Superintendents and officers of Sunday- 
schools are requested to comply with these regulations 
as far as practicable. [Form of Notice sent to the Superintendent of Schools.] 
OFFICE OF THE BOARD OF HEALTH, 
Fitchburg, Mass., 189 
To the Supt. of Schools : 
Dear Sir : 
A case of. 
is reported at No. St. 
Family of 
Patient’s name is Age, 
Members of the family are said to attend the following 
schools: 
Agent. [Form of Certificate for Readraission to School.] 
CITY OF FITCHBURG. 
Office of the 
BOARD OF HEALTH. 
Fitchburg, Muss., 189 
This is to certify that 
is entitled to he readmitted to the schools of Fitchburg, the 
provisions of the Rules and Regulations of the Board of 
Health having been complied ivith. 
For Board of Health. 
Rules of the Board of Health. 
Rule 13. No child from a family in which there 
shall occur a case of Asiatic cholera, yellow fever, small- 
pox, varioloid, diphtheria, membranous croup, scarlet 
fever, typhus fever, or measles, shall attend any school, 
public or private, in the city during the continuance of 
the disease, or for the period of two weeks after the 
death, recovery, or removal, of the person or persons 
sick. 
Rule 14. No pupil who, by reason of the foregoing 
rule, has been debarred from school attendance, shall be 
readmitted to any school in the city without a written 
permit from the Board of Health. Such permit may be 
issued when the attending physician has certified in 
writing to the Board of Health that in his opinion the 
child may attend school without danger of communicat- 
ing any contagious disease. Rule 15. No pupil while affected with whooping 
cough, chicken-pox, or purulent ophthalmia, shall attend 
any school in the city. 
VACCINATION. 
Rule 21. No child shall be admitted to the public 
schools in this city unless he shall have first presented 
to the teacher of the school he desires to attend a cer- 
tificate of vaccination or exemption from vaccination 
from the Board of Health. Such certificates will be 
issued by the Board upon the satisfactory evidence of 
any reputable physician in accordance with the provis- 
ions of the statutes. 
VACCINATION CERTIFICATE. 
BOARD OF HEALTH. 
Office of the 
Fitchburg, Mass., 189 
In accordance with the Public Statutes and the Rules 
and Regulations of the Board of Health regarding vaccina- 
tion, 
is entitled to attend the Public Schools. 
For Board of Health. Public Statutes. 
Chap. 47, § 9. The school committee shall not 
allow a child who has not been duly vaccinated to be 
admitted to or connected with the public schools. 
Chap. 515, §2. All children who shall present a 
certificate, signed by a regular practicing physician, that 
they are unfit subjects for vaccination shall not be sub- 
ject to the provisions of section nine of chapter forty- 
seven of the Public Statutes excluding unvaccinated 
children from the public schools. * * * * 
Rules of Board of Health. 
Rule 21. No child shall be admitted to the public 
schools in this city unless it shall have first presented 
the teacher of the school it desires to attend, a certificate 
of vaccination or exemption from vaccination from the 
Board of Health. certificates will be issued by the 
Board upon the satisfactory evidence of any reputable 
physician in accordance with the provisions of the 
Statutes. 
USE OF PUBLIC LIBRARY. 
Rule 22. No person from a family wherein a case 
of Asiatic cholera, yellow fever, small-pox, varioloid, 
diphtheria, membranous croup, scarlet fever, or 
measles exists, shall take any book to or from the 
Public Library. 
The Board will inform the librarian of all cases of 
the above-mentioned diseases, and will take charge of 
all books and cards found in such cases and return them 
to the library after they have been disinfected. Until 
the librarian is notified that all danger of contagion is 
passed he shall deliver no books or magazines to any 
member of said family. With every notification of any contagious disease 
which the Board of Health receives, the following notice 
is at once sent to the Librarian of the Public Library: 
OFFICE OF THE BOARD OF HEALTH. 
Fitchburg, Mass., 
189 
TO THE 
Librarian of tbe Public Library: 
Bear Sir : 
A case of. 
is reported at No gt. 
Family of 
All library books and library cards now in possession of 
said family will be taken by the Agent of the Board of 
Health and disinfected and returned by him to the library. 
Please deliver no books to said family until further notice 
from the Board of Health. 
Agent. BURIALS AND REMOVAL OF BODIES. 
Rule 23. Any undertaker or other person having 
in Ids career possession the body of any person who has 
died of a disease dangerous to the public health, shall 
give immediate notice to the Board of Health, and shall 
prepare the body and conduct the funeral and interment 
strictly in accordance with the instructions given him 
from the Board of Health. 
Rule 24. It shall be the duty of the undertaker, near 
relatives or any other person having charge of the 
funeral or burial of the dead body of any person within 
said city, who has died of Asiatic cholera, yellow fever, 
typhus fever, small-pox, scarlet fever, diphtheria, mem- 
branous croup, to keep such funeral strictly private and 
to permit no other person or persons excepting the 
immediate members of the deceased person’s family who 
are resident at the place of death, and the officiating 
clergyman or minister, to be present thereat; and to 
convey such dead body directly from the place of death 
to the place of burial and in no other vehicle than a 
hearse, and the funeral to take place within twenty-four 
hours after death. 
Rule 25. It shall be the duty of the undertaker, 
near relatives and of any other person or persons within 
this city, who shall have charge of the burial or ship- 
ment, or of the preparations for the burial or shipment 
of the dead body of any person who has died of any 
contagious or infectious disease, to observe and obey the 
following rules and regulations embodied in this section; 
(a) The body of any person who has died of 
any contagious or infectious disease shall be thoroughly disinfected, and shall not bo exposed to the view of any 
person who is not necessarily engaged in the preparation 
of the same for burial. 
(6) The body of any person who has died of any 
contagious or infectious disease shall not he placed 
or kept in any receiving vault, in any cemetery or bury- 
ing-ground, unless such dead body shall be first enclosed 
in a hermetically sealed, zinc-lined or other metallic 
casket. 
(c) No body of any person who has died of Asiatic 
cholera, yellow fever, typhus fever or small-pox, 
shall be shipped or carried into or from this city by any 
means or conveyance whatsoever. 
(d) In preparing for shipment the body of any 
person who has died of scarlet fever, diphtheria, or 
membranous croup, the said body shall be wrapped in 
a sheet saturated either with a solution of bichloride of 
mercury of a strength of one part in two thousand, or 
with a solution of carbolic acid of the strength of one 
part in forty. The said body shall then be enclosed in a 
tightly sealed casket, and said casket shall be placed in 
a zinc or tin-lined box hermetically sealed. 
Rule 26. Every grave in which any dead body shall 
be buried within this city shall be dug to a depth of not 
less than five feet below the surface of the ground. 
Rule 27. No new cemetery, burying-ground, vault 
or tomb for the reception and burial of dead human 
bodies shall he established within said city, or under the 
control of any organization within said city, without a 
permit so to do shall first have been granted by the 
Board of Health of said city. No additions shall be 
made to those already in use without the same authority. MILK. 
Sect. 1. No milk which has been watered, adultera- 
ted, reduced or changed in any respect by the addition 
of water, or other substance, or by the removal of cream, 
shall he brought into, held, kept, or offered for sale at 
any place in the city of Fitchburg, nor shall any one 
keep, have, or offer for sale in the said city any such 
milk. 
The term “ adulterated ” when so used in this 
section means: 
First. Milk containing more than eighty-eight per 
centum of water or fluids. 
Second. Milk containing less than twelve per 
centum of milk solids. 
Third. Milk containing less than three per centum 
of fats. 
Fourth. Milk drawn from animals within fifteen 
days before or five days after parturition. 
Fifth. Milk drawn from animals fed on distillery 
waste, or any substance in a state of fermentation or 
putrefaction, or on any unhealthy food. 
Sixth. Milk drawn from cows kept in a crowded or 
unhealthy condition. 
Seventh. Milk from which any part of the cream has 
been removed except as hereinafter stated. Eighth. Milk which has been adulterated with 
water or any other fluid, or to which has been added, or 
into which has been introduced any foreign substance 
whatever. 
Sect. 2. Any milk found to be adulterated, either by 
the addition of water or other substance, or by the removal 
of cream, or which has been brought into, or is held or 
offered for sale, in the city of Fitchburg contrary to the 
provisions of Chapter 57, Public Statutes, may be seized 
and destroyed by any inspector, or other officer of this 
department authorized to inspect milk. 
Sect. 3. No milk shall be received, held, kept, 
offered for sale or delivered in the city of Fitchburg 
without a special permit in writing from the Board of 
Health, and subject to the conditions thereof. 
SKIM MILK. 
Sect. 4. Skim milk shall not be sold, exchanged or 
delivered unless a special license for the same shall first 
have been obtained from the Board of Health, the provis- 
ions of Public Statutes, 57, paragraph 7, Acts of 1896, 398, 
paragraph 1, must be observed and the number of the 
wagon and the number of the license must be painted on 
both sides of the wagon in letters two (2) inches in 
length and one-half inch in width in some contrasting 
color to that of the wagon. 
Sect. 5. No milk shall be brought into, held, de- 
livered or offered for sale, in this city, from cows that 
are diseased, from cows that are not properly cared for, 
or that are kept in a stable that is improperly located, 
or in a stable that is not kept in a clean, wholesome and 
sanitary condition. 
COWS, CONDITION AND CARE. REGULATIONS. 
1. Milk shall not be kept for sale or stored in 
stables, or in any room used for sleeping or domestic 
purposes or opening into the same. 
2. Milk must not be transferred from cans to bottles 
or other vessels on streets or at depots, except when 
transferred to vessel of purchaser at time of delivery. 
3. Milk shall not be sold in bottles except under the 
following rules: 
Bottles must be washed clean with hot water solu- 
tion of soap, or soda or some other alkali, and then with 
hot water before filling with milk. 
Bottles must not be filled except at the dairy or 
creamery, and in the city only in rooms so situated as to 
prevent the contamination of the milk by dust from the 
streets or other impurities. 
Bottles must not be washed or filled with milk in 
any room used for sleeping or domestic purposes, or 
opening into the same. 
4. The vessel in which milk is kept for sale must be 
so protected by means of a suitable cover or covered 
receptacle and so placed in the store as to prevent dust 
from the street or other impurities falling into it. 
5. Store permits must be posted in stores so that 
they can be easily seen at all times. 
6. Wagon permits to be carried on the wagons at all 
times when engaged in the sale, transportation or 
delivery of milk. 
7. The number of wagon and the number of permit 
must be painted on both sides of the wagon in letters two (2) inches in length ami one-half (%) inch in width, 
and in some contrasting color to that of wagon. 
8. If any changes are made in the information given 
on application blank, the Department must be imme- 
diately notified. 
RULES FOR HANDLING AND KEEPING 
MILK. 
1. Milk should be kept in some place where dust 
and other impurities cannot fall into it, such as a box 
with tight fitting cover; preferably an icebox. 
2. The milk should be kept at as low a temperature 
as possible, not above 50° Fahrenheit. 
3. After the day’s sales are over, the measures and 
utensils used in the sale of milk should be thoroughly 
cleaned with boiling water, to which a small amount of 
soda has been added in the proportion of one tablespoon- 
ful of washing soda to a gallon of water. 
4. The overflow pipe from the ice-box in which the 
milk is kept must not be connected directly with the 
drain pipe or sewer, but must discharge into an open, 
water-supplied, properly-trapped, sewer connected sink. 
5. The ice-box in which the milk is kept should be 
cleaned, by scrubbing out with hot soda solution made 
as in No. 3, at least twice a week. 
6. In selling milk, stir up the contents of the can 
thoroughly before measuring out the amount desired. 
This will prevent unintentional skimming. In this way 
the last quart of milk sold from the can will contain as 
much cream as the first quart sold. 7. In cold weather should the milk be delivered to 
the dealer more or less frozen, detach the ice from the 
side of the can and gently heat the contents until the ice 
is all melted. If there is much ice in the can it is abso- 
lutely necessary to do this before selling the milk, other- 
wise the liquid part dipped out and sold at first will 
contain more of the solid part of the milk and cream, 
while the ice remaining and consisting principally of 
water, will after a time melt, and the result will be milk 
containing more water than pure milk, and this might 
be enough to appear as though the milk had been 
adulterated with water. 
8. Do not place ice in the milk if it is desired to cool 
it or keep it cold, as the ice will melt and you will then 
have adulterated the milk with water. 
Public Statutes, Chapter 418. 
BAKERIES. 
An act relative to bakeries and persons employed 
therein. 
The attention of bakers and all other persons 
interested, engaged or employed in the business therein 
specified, is called to the provisions of this act and they 
are directed to comply with the same. PLUMBING. 
Section 1. No person shall carry on the business or 
do any work of plumbing unless he shall have first 
obtained a license and registered his name and place of 
business in the office of the Board of Health, in accord- 
ance with the provisions of Chapter 455, Acts and 
Resolves of 1894. 
PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS. 
Sect. 2. The plumbing and drainage of all buildings, 
public and private, shall be executed in accordance with 
plans and specifications previously submitted to and 
approved in writing by the Board of Health. Plans and 
specifications of such plumbing and drainage shall in 
each case be submitted upon blanks in such form as the 
Board of Health shall order, and placed on file in the 
Health department. No person shall commence work 
on such drainage or plumbing until such plans and 
specifications shall have been submitted to and approved 
by the Board of Health. Plans and specifications so 
submitted shall be approved or rejected as soon as possi- 
ble, and at latest, within forty-eight hours after the filing 
of the same. After a plan or piece of work has been 
once approved no alteration of either shall be allowed, 
except on written application of the plumber, indorsed 
by the owner or his agent, and approved by the Board of 
Health. CELLAR DRAIN. 
Sect. 3. When a building is constructed upon soil 
that is wet or damp, there shall be laid a suitable blind 
drain, properly trapped with running trap and sewer 
valve. 
SEWER CONNECTIONS. 
Sect. 4. Every building connected with the public 
sewer, shall be separately and independently connected. 
The drainage of one house shall not be connected with, 
nor pass through the cellar of another. 
SOIL, WASTE AND VENT PIPES 
Sect. 5. All soil, waste or vent pipes shall be of 
sufficient size, and when within a building, and for a 
distance of at least ten feet outwardly from the inside 
face of the foundation walls or sills, shall be made of 
cast iron, except that lead pipes may be used for short 
connections exposed to view. Such pipes or fittings 
shall be of the quality known as extra heavy, of uniform 
thickness throughout, and shall have an average weight 
of not less than that below specified. 
2 inch pipe, lbs. per foot. 
3 “ “ 9y£ “ “ “ 
tt a a a a 
pj a a yi it “ t( 
6 “ “ 20 “ “ “ 
8 “ “ 33j£ “ “ “ 
10 “ “ 45 “ “ “ 
12 “ “ 54 “ “ “ 
Sect. 6. All branches of soil or waste pipe, fifteen 
feet or more in length, shall extend undiminished in size, two feet above the roof and not less than live feet 
above the top of any window situated within fifteen feet; 
but waste pipes may be connected with a soil pipe above 
the highest fixture. Changes in direction shall be made 
with curved pipes, and all connections with horizontal 
or vertical pipes shall be made with proper Y branches, 
maintaining an angle of forty-five degrees, or such other 
fitting as will contain the same relative properties. This 
section shall not apply to air pipes where suitable 7" 
branches may be used. 
Hangers:—wrought iron hangers (double hangers) 1-2 
inch in diameter will be required for five and six inch 
pipe, 3-8 inch for three and four inch pipe, and 1-4 inch 
for two inch pipe. Hangers, clamps, or suitable brick 
piers shall be placed at intervals of eight feet. 
Sect. 7. All lead waste and vent pipes used in 
plumbing shall be of not less than the weight of the 
corresponding size as specified below: 
1% inch lbs. per foot. 
1# “ 3 “ “ “ 
2 “ 5 “ 
3 “ 6 “ 
4 « 8 “ 
Sect. 8. Lead waste pipe shall not exceed six feet 
in length. Waste pipes of over six feet shall be of iron. 
All connections of lead supplies, waste or vent or flush 
pipes shall be made by means of wiped joints, and shall 
be supported their entire length by means .of lead tacks 
or brass clips screwed to boards provided for the 
purpose. 
Sect. 9. All drain, soil or waste pipes shall be ex- 
posed to sight where practicable, or, if necessarily placed within partition walls, shall be covered with wood work 
so fastened with brass screws as to be readily removed. 
In no case shall they be absolutely inaccessible. They 
shall be laid in the ground, or properly secured to walls 
by iron hangers, in such manner as the Board of Health 
shall direct. 
CLEAN-OUTS AND TRAPS. 
Sect. 10. Every right angle turn in the drain, soil or 
waste pipes shall be provided with suitable clean-outs. 
Traps used hereafter shall be provided with suitable 
accessible openings for cleaning purposes, and all such 
openings or clean-outs shall be open and exposed to view. 
All traps depending on secret partitions to form a seal 
and the trap cover, with putty connections, are prohib- 
ited. Trap screws where possible, shall be sealed with 
water. 
Sect. 11. Every sink, basin, bath-tub, water-closet, 
wash-trappi slop-hopper, and every other fixture having 
a waste pipe, shall be furnished with a separate trap, 
which shall be placed as near as possible to the fixture 
it serves, except that when a bath-tub and bowl, or set 
of bowls, or set of wash-trays, are close together, one 
trap may be used for them, but the trap must be within 
three feet of the fixture or set of fixtures it is intended to 
serve. Wooden sinks or wash-trays are prohibited, 
unless rendered impervious to water. 
VENTILATION OF TRAPS. 
Sect. 12. All traps shall be protected from syphonage 
or air pressure by special cast-iron air pipes of a size not 
less than the waste pipe they serve, placed outside or 
below the trap. The diameter of back vent for $ water- closet traps shall be for one closet, not less than two 
inches; for two and not more than four closets, not less 
than three inches; and for any number exceeding four 
closets, the diameter shall not be less than four inches. 
When two or more air pipes, other than those used for 
water-closet traps, are connected, the diameter of such 
air pipes shall not be less than two inches. 
Sect. 13. Air pipes shall run as direct as practicable 
and shall have such continuous slope as to avoid collect- 
ing water by condensation. Two or more air pipes may 
be connected together, or with a soil pipe, but in every 
case of connection, such connection shall be made above 
the upper fixture of the building. Sewer, soil or waste 
pipe ventilators shall not be constructed of brick, sheet- 
metal, or earthen-ware, and chimney flues shall not be 
used as such ventilators. 
WASTES FROM SINKS, BOWLS, BATH, 
ETC. 
Sect. 14. When two and not more than six fixtures, 
such as sinks, bowls, baths, or wash-trays are used on 
one line, the waste pipe must be of cast-iron, and not 
less than two inches in diameter; for any number ex- 
ceeding six the waste pipe shall have a diameter of not 
less than three inches. No pipe less than one and one- 
fourth inches in diameter shall be used for waste, vent 
or flush pipes. 
WATER CLOSETS IN PUBLIC BUILD- 
INGS AND TENEMENTS. 
Sect. 15. In every building erected hereafter there 
shall be a separate water-closet for each tenement and store, and at least one water-closet for every fifteen 
persons living, occupying or employed therein, conven- 
iently located and constantly supplied with water. In 
no case shall water-closets he located in cellars. 
Sect. 16. Every water-closet hereafter constructed 
shall be supplied with water from a special tank or 
cistern not used for any other purpose, unless permission 
has been first obtained from the Board of Health to use 
other fixtures, and shall in all cases be separately and 
independently connected with the general or common 
drain pipe of the house. The use of the pan or plunger 
closet is prohibited. 
WATER-CLOSETS-HOW FLUSHED. 
VENTILATION OF WATER-CLOSET 
APARTMENTS. 
Sect. 17. All water-closets hereafter constructed, 
when practicable, shall be located in a well-ventilated 
apartment with a window of suitable dimensions leading 
directly to the outer air. When otherwise located the 
apartment shall be supplied with a suitable ventilating 
shaft. The space in and around water-closets and wash- 
bowls, shall not be enclosed by wood work, but shall 
remain open and exposed to view, except that a closet 
may be made under a wash-bowl, when provided with a 
suitable door. 
JOINTS IN IRON AND LEAD PIPES. 
Sect. 18. Joints must be run full with molten lead, 
packed with oakum, thoroughly calked and made tight. 
Connections of lead pipes with iron pipes shall be made with extra heavy brass ferrules properly wiped to the 
lead. Combination brass ferrules with ground joints may 
be used. 
Sect. 19. Rain water leaders shall be suitably 
trapped and when within a building shall be of a size 
not less than the pipe which conducts the water from the 
roof. When two or more are connected together the 
diameter shall he correspondingly increased; leaders 
shall be connected with the main soil pipe in front of all 
connections to whicli fixtures are attached. Rain water 
leaders shall be constructed, of extra heavy soil pipe. 
The joint between the leader and the roof must be air 
tight. Slip joints shall not be allowed inside of any 
building. 
RAIN WATER LEADERS. 
HOUSE TRAP AND FRESH AIR 
INLET. 
Sect. 20. There shall be a house trap on every drain 
at a point where it enters the building or immediately 
before, which shall be furnished with brass clean-outs. 
There must also be provided an inlet for fresh air at least 
four inches in diameter, to enter the drain on house side 
of trap. This inlet is to be carried to the outer air open- 
ing at a suitable distance from the nearest window and 
where it cannot contaminate the cold air box of the 
furnace. 
REFRIGERATOR WASTE 
Sect. 21. Waste pipes from refrigerators or other 
receptacles in which provisions are stored shall not be 
connected with drain, soil or other waste pipes unless such waste pipes are provided with traps suitably venti- 
lated and in every case there shall he an open tray or 
sink between the trap and refrigerator. 
STEAM EXHAUST AND BLOW-OFF 
PIPE. 
Sect. 22. No steam exhaust, drip or blow-off pipe 
shall connect with any house drain, soil or waste pipe 
unless it first discharges into a suitable tank or con- 
denser of a capacity, for low pressure work, of not less 
than twenty gallons, and for high pressure work, of not 
less than forty gallons, the same to be provided with a 
vent leading from its dome to the outer air of a diameter 
of not less than the size of the discharge pipe. 
GREASE TRAPS. 
Sect. 23. A suitable grease trap must be placed 
under the sink of every hotel, restaurant, eating-house 
or other cooking establishment. 
INSPECTION. 
Sect. 24. Pipes and other fixtures shall not be 
covered or concealed from view until after the work 
has been examined by a plumbing inspector, and the 
plumber shall notify the Board of Health when the 
work is sufficiently advanced for inspection. 
Sect. 25. All joints between the water-closet and 
soil pipe shall be made by means of brass connections 
properly soldered to lead soil pipe and united to closet 
by rubber gasket. No saddle hubs shall be used. TESTS. 
Sect. 26. All plumbing, including lead connections, 
when placed in position, must be tested by the water, 
peppermint or other test as the Board may direct, in the 
presence of a plumbing inspector, and all defective joints 
made tight. Defective pipe must be removed and re- 
placed with sound pipe. None of said pipes shall be 
covered until after satisfactory test by the inspector. 
When the entire plumbing work is completed and before 
it is used it must be tested by peppermint or other prac- 
tical test in the presence of a plumbing inspector, and 
upon satisfactory completion of said work the Board of 
Health shall issue a certificate of approval. 
LOCAL VENTILATION OF WATER 
CLOSETS. 
Sect. 27. Every water-closet shall be provided with 
a separate local vent, the material of which shall be 
copper, galvanized or cast iron, and its diameter shall 
not be less than two inches. It shall be carried upward 
and into a heated flue, if one is provided for the purpose 
aud if there is no heated flue it shall be entered into the 
kitchen chimney above the highest opening in said 
chimney. The connection of this local vent where it 
enters the flue or chimney, shall be made with cast 
iron or other reliable material, of a size not less than 
one-third larger than the vent. An exception to the 
foregoing may be made when several closets are set close 
together in the same apartment, the local vents may be 
connected together before entering flue or chimney. 
The diameter for one closet to be not less than two inches 
for two aud not more than four closets, three inches,’ 
and for any number exceeding four closets a proportion- 
ally increased diameter. HOUSE DRAIN AND SOIL PIPES FOR 
WATER-CLOSETS. 
Sect. 28. All plumbing fixtures in the building shall 
have proper connections with the house drain, and all 
pipes must have a downward inclination to the drain or 
sewer of not less than one-fourth inch to the foot, unless 
by special permission from the Board of Health. Soil 
pipes from water-closets shall be not less than four 
inches in diameter. When there are six closets and not 
more than twelve the soil pipe shall be five inches in 
diameter and shall be increased according to the number 
of fixtures. 
CHANGES OR ALTERATIONS. 
Sect. 29. When any change or alteration in the 
plumbing or drainage system in any building built 
previous to the passage of this chapter is demanded, 
such change shall be made in conformity with the pro- 
visions thereof, unless special permission to do otherwise 
is granted by the Board of Health. 
TANKS, BALL COCKS, VALVES, ETC. 
Sect. 30. Tanks erected after the passage of this 
chapter shall be of suitable dimensions and provided 
with the most improved ball cocks and floats, capable of 
withstanding the pressure to which they may be sub- 
jected, and valves which shall conduct a copious supply 
of water at all times to the fixtures which it serves. 
HOT WATER BOILERS. 
Sect. 31. All hot water boilers set hereafter shall 
be provided with a steam exhaust or expansion pipe leading up to and above the tank which supplies the 
water to the boiler. This tank shall he located so as to 
prevent danger from freezing. When pressure boilers 
are used they shall be provided with vacuum valves or 
some other suitable appliance to prevent the collapse or 
bursting of the boiler. 
Sect. 32. All pipes, tanks, valves, faucets or other 
fixtures and appliances used hereafter in plumbing shall 
he sound and free from any defects, and the work he 
executed in a practical, thorough and workmanlike 
manner. All pipes must drain by gravitation, and when 
necessarily trapped shall he provided with suitable 
outlet conveniently located and so adjusted as to he 
easily operated. 
Sect. 33. All drains now in, as well as soil and waste 
pipes, shall be reconstructed whenever, in the opinion of 
the Board of Health it may be necessary. 
PENALTY: Whoever violates any of the 
foregoing Rules shall be liable to a fine not 
exceeding FIFTY DOLLARS. 
All rules and regulations inconsistent with the 
foregoing are hereby annulled. 
Adopted May 3, 1897.