GLANDERS: 
BY 
ROBERT JENNINGS, 
VETERINARY SURGEON, 
Professor of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery in the 
Veterinary College of Philadelphia, 
Author of the “ Horse and his Diseases,” “ Cattle and 
their Diseases,” &o., &c. 
PHILADELPHIA: 
THOMPSON, PRINTER, S. W. COR. SEVENTH & MARKET STS. 
1864. * GLANDERS. 
Fellow-Citizens :— 
The sales of condemned Government horses in New Jersey 
and adjacent States having introduced into our county and imme- 
diate vicinity, the terrible scourge known as “ Glanders,” I con- 
ceive it my imperative duty to warn you in time of the danger 
which is threatening our community. 
If the experience of a Yeterinary Surgeon, who has devoted 
eighteen years of his life to the relief of the noblest animal in the 
gift of Providence, is not sufficient to excite your sympathy and 
even your fears, I am convinced that the following reports based 
upon evidential facts and undoubted authority, will attain that 
object. 
You will see the proofs that “Glanders” is a disease without 
remedy, positively incurable, extremely contagious, easily com- 
municated to man, and that every day human life is sacrificed to 
incredulity and ignorance ! 
Through the liberality of gentlemen of this county, who deserve 
our thanks, I am enabled to offer you this small pamphlet, the 
fruit of my researches and observations. Circulate it among your 
friends, and by your personal exertions avert the calamity which 
is menacing our welfare. 
GLANDERS. 
Definition.—Glanders consists in a discharge, from one or 
both nostrils, of matter which by transfer or inoculation will 
produce the disease in another animal (of the equine or human 
species,) and which discharge is sooner or later, accompanied by 
vascular injection and chancrous ulceration of the schniderian 
membrane, by tumefaction of the submaxillary lymphatic glands, 
and by farcy.—Per deal. 
Symptoms.—A discharge of matter from one or both nostrils, 
enlargement of one or both submaxillary glands. When one 
nostril only is affected the corresponding gland is almost invaria- 
bly found enlarged. The schniderian membrane (lining of the 
nose) is generally of a pale or leaden hue, and sometimes ulcera- 
tions are visible on its surface. The discharge usually sticks to 
the nostrils, and is sometimes white and thick, but oftener of a 
greyish aspect. A discharge from the nostrils, and the appear- 
ance of ulceration, is not alone sufficient to establish the presence 2 
of the disease; for these ulcerations are sometimes produced by 
the acrid nature of the disharge from catarrh. In the first stage 
of the disease there is a discharge from one nostril only of a 
whitish humor, which is inconsiderable, except when the horse has 
been exercised for some time. There is an increased redness of 
the membrane within the nostrils. The swelling of the glands 
under the jaw is on the same side as the affected nostril. The 
horse’s coat appears healthy and the animal in good condition. 
The symptoms of glanders arising from communication with a 
glandered horse are different from those of glanders produced 
by bad provender, excessive exertion, &c. In the former the 
discharge is from one nostril only, or much more from one than 
from the other; and there is no cough or other symptom of 
catarrh or cold, or any other disorder. In the latter, on the con- 
trary, there is cough, either dry or moist; and it is preceded by 
loss of appetite, or falling off in appetite and depression of spirits. 
The symptoms of the second stage are the altered appearance 
of the nasal discharge, which has become more glutinous, and 
adheres to the edges of the nostril, with a contraction and par- 
tial closing of the nostril, with increased tenderness of the swell- 
ing under the jaw, which adheres more closely to the jaw-bone ; 
the discharge is somewhat streaked with blood and of an offen- 
sive smell. The discharge is now from both nostrils. There is 
a slight tumefaction of the under eye-lid, a swelling or elevation 
of the bones of the nose or forehead. Loss of appetite, debility, 
cough, and swelling of the legs and sheath, and sometimes lame- 
ness without any apparent cause, chancers or ulcerations within 
the nostrils, great tenderness of the glands under the jaw, which 
now adhere close to the jaw-bone, a small discharge of matter 
from the inner corner of the eye. When these symptoms appear 
the disease soon proceeds to a fatal termination. The above 
svmptoms are not all peculiar to glanders, but may occur in 
strangles, peripneumony and pleurisy. The glutinous discharge, 
the swelling of the glands under the jaw and the ulceration 
within the nostrils are symptoms which occur in the above dis- 
eases, as well as in glanders. 
Although the disease is here divided into the first and second 
stages, it is not essential that in each case the former should 
precede the latter, for sometimes the acute only is present, and 
the horse speedily dies if not destroyed. In other instances the 
acute stage may be succeeded by the sub-acute. It may, however, 
be observed, that the first stage never ends in death, but it is al- 
ways in the second stage that the disease proves fatal. Besides 
these stages, glanders sometimes assumes a still more insidious 
appearance, in which the discharge is so slight, and the enlarged 
gland so trivial, as not only to deceive the ignorant, but often to 
mislead the well-instructed practitioner. The discharge is thin, 
and appears no more than a slight increase of the natural dis- 
charge, and the sub-maxillary swelling is no larger than a bean, 
though hard and indurated. Such cases as these have proved 3 
of irreparable injury to many horse proprietors, from the symp- 
toms not being sufficiently urgent as to excite alarm ; and when 
a veterinary surgeon has given his opinion that such case was 
one of glanders, there have not been wanting plenty of farriers 
and others who have altogether contemned such an opinion, and 
for a time, at least, have exulted over their own superior sagacity. 
Mr. Janies Turner relates a striking instance of this, in which 
his advice was disregarded, and a horse, with these insidious ap- 
pearances, was allowed to mix with other horses, to several of 
which he comunicated the disease, in the course of a few months. 
— White’s Veterinary Art. 
The most common cause of this disease is the impure air of 
close, ill-ventilated, damp, and filthy stables, acting injuriously 
upon the organs of respiration, destroying the constitution, de- 
bilitating the system, rendering it susceptible to the attack of 
disease. Neglected catarrh, strangles, &c., sometimes termi- 
nate in glanders; hard work and bad provender, together with 
sudden changes from exposure to cold and wet weather, to hot 
stables, &c., are likewise regarded as among the causes ; con- 
tagion is the most common of all causes, the disease being 
readily communicated from one animal to another by it. 
“ The city of Lyons, France, must always contain a great 
number of glandered horses, on account of the dampness of the 
situation and climate, and it being a public market for horses. 
The garrison at Lyons generally has its share of this disease. 
During this year the mildness of the winter, and the heat 
of the spring and summer, have prevented circumstances less 
favorable than usual, to the development of this malady; there- 
fore with the exception of horses from the garrison, and which 
had been long kept in the infirmary at the barracks before they 
were sent to us, we have had very few cases of glanders, com- 
pared with several preceding years ; yet not withstanding these 
favorable circumstances we are compelled to acknowledge that 
it has been as rebellious to treatment as ever. Our means of 
cure have always possessed too little power, seeing that when 
ulceration of the pitituary (of the nose) membrane begins to ap- 
pear, the lungs and constitution of the animal have undergone 
a modification which it is difficult to remove. 
“ The greater part of the animals that have gone from us, ap- 
parently cured of glanders, have speedily relapsed when they have 
been subjected to hard woi’k, or have been exposed to neglect 
or privation.”—Extract from the report of the Veterinary 
College of Lyons, 1834 and 1835. 
Mr. W. Percival, in his “Hippopathology,” gives us the follow- 
ing facts as the result of his own experience : 
1. “That farcy and glanders, which constitute the same dis- 
ease, are propagated through the medium of stabling, and this 
we believe to be the more usual way in which diseases are com- 
municated from horse to horse. 4 
2. That infected stabling may harbor and retain the infection 
for months, or even years ; and although by thoroughly cleansing 
and making use of disinfecting means, the contagion may be de- 
stroyed, yet it would not be wise to occupy such stables imme- 
diately after such supposed or alleged disinfection. 
3. That the virus, or poison of glanders, may lie for months 
in a state of incubation in the horse’s constitution before the 
disease breaks out. Of this we have had most positive evidence. 
4. That when a stable of horses becomes contaminated, the 
disease often makes fearful ravages among them before it quits ; 
and it is only after a period of several months exemption from 
all disease of the kind, that a clean bill of health can be rendered.” 
FARCY. 
This I regard as an incipient stage of glanders, or as a type 
of the same fatal malady, and is to a certain extent curable. 
Experiments prove that the virus from a farcied horse will pro- 
duce glanders by inoculation in a sound one, and that the glan- 
dered matter will in like manner produce farcy. There are two 
distinct varieties or stages of farcy ; one, which is called button 
farcy, is altogether superficial, being confined to the lymphatic 
vessels of the skin, and readily yields to medical treatment; the 
other variety makes its appearance in the extremities, generally 
upon the inside of the hind legs, which become completely en- 
gorged ; but the swelling is very different from the ligamentary 
thickening, or from oedema, being very uneven or lumpy, exces- 
sively tender, and painful to the touch. Small abscesses are 
formed, which at first discharge a healthy pus, but soon ulcerate 
and discharge a thin sanious matter, these abscesses first make 
their appearance on the inside of the hind legs, and then on the 
fore ones in like manner; the neck and lips come next in turn, 
and they may appear in all parts of the body, when glanders will 
begin to manifest itself. 
Stonehenge says, “Farcy appears to depend upon the devel- 
opment of the same poison as in glanders; but the attempt at 
elimination is made in the skin, instead of the mucous membrane 
lining the nose. A horse inoculated with glanders may exhibit 
Farcy, and vice versa.” 
“Farcy usually shows itself, first by one or two small hard 
knots in the skin called “farcy buds,” these soon soften and con- 
tain a small quantity of pus; but as this is rapidly absorbed, the 
lymphatics which convey it into the circulation inflame ; and at 
a short distance another bud is formed, &c. In process of time 
the general system suffers, as in glanders, and the horse dies, a 
miserable, worn-out object. No treatment can be relied on to 
cure the disease; and as it is equally contagious with glanders, 
every farcied horse ought at once to be destroyed. The hard 
nature of the buds, and the thickened lymphatics extending like 
cords between, clearly make known the nature of the disease.” 5 
Glanders Contagious.—This brings us to the more important 
part of our subject, and places us upon our guard, so as to pre- 
vent us as far as possible exposing ourselves to such a calamity. 
The time which glanders appears after inoculation is very un- 
certain ; it may be a few days, or it may be several months, vary- 
ing according to circumstances and the condition of the animal. 
Glanders has been known to remain dormant in the system for 
a period of two or three years previous to its being developed. 
“The main cause is contagion.—I now approach, gentlemen, 
not without hesitation, but without fear, the grand cause of 
Glanders—Contagion. I advisedly call it “ the grand cause,” 
for I believe that I shall be able to render it probable that glan- 
ders arises oftener from contagion than from any other source. 
I know that our continental neighbors deny the contagious- 
ness of Glanders altogether; but they do not, and cannot deny 
that the disease does follow contact, and often mere proximity of 
situation. When they tell me that it is not the disease that is 
communicated, but a mere predisposition, a greater aptitude in 
the frame generally, or some part of it, to be affected by the usual 
causes of glanders, I cannot but regard this as the merest quib- 
bling. I take the broad fact, that a glandered horse being in- 
advertantly admitted into a stable, some of his companions, after 
awhile, become glandered too. The stable had previously, and 
for many years—nay, from the very time of its erection, been free 
from the disease, and no alteration, whatever, has taken place in 
the system of management: a glandered horse finds his way 
thither, in a few months the whole team is glandered. When in 
the face of this, a person tells me that it was not tfee disease which 
was communicated, but a facility of being acted upon by certain 
agents, I regard it as a species of quibbling, unworthy of a 
scientific pathologist; and I deprecate the injury which may be 
done to the agricultural community by the broad assertion, thus 
ridiculously and falsely explained, that glanders is not contagious. 
One point, however, is established, I think,—that glanders is 
far more contagious than many have supposed ; Mr Turner’s 
mare destroyed four of her companions. The poor Widow at 
Paddington had her stable perfectly emptied by the disease ; 
and I will venture to say, that there is not a district throughout 
the kingdom, in which some farmer, by the loss of a considerable 
proportion, or the greater part of his team, has not had sufficient 
proof of the contagiousness of glanders. The cause of this doubt 
with regard to the frequent communication of the disease by inocu- 
lation, seems to have arisen from ignorance of its insidious nature. 
When glanders appears, and the horse has, for several weeks or 
months scarcely been exposed to the possibility of contagion, it has 
at once been concluded that the disease was generated in him by 
some assigned or unknown recent cause. It has now, however, 
been proved to us that the disease may exist and may be com- 
municated to others, when, for many months, there has been 6 
nothing to excite suspicion in the mind of the groom or the 
owner; and when the candid veterinary surgeon acknowledges, 
that, had not the circumstances been pointed out to him, it would 
probably have escaped his observation. The truth of the mat- 
ter is then, that every horse that passes through a fair, or is baited 
at an inn, or even travels the common public road, may be infect- 
ed without the rider’s or owner’s knowledge or slightest suspi- 
cion. A glandered stallion neighed at a mare that wras separa- 
ted from him by a double hedge and a deep lane ; the virus wras 
wafted across by the wind, and she became diseased, and died. 
It is impossible for any one to say, except there be some plain 
and manifest cause for the generation of the disease, that any 
horse did not receive it by infection. There would bo a degree 
of presumption in the assertion which the calm inquirer after 
truth should not display. The opinion of our ancestors, from 
time out of date, had taught us to beware of glanders as a con- 
tagious as well as a fatal disease. Let us not, without incon- 
testable proof, abandon that which for ages was never doubted. 
There is not a circumstance that has been productive of half so 
much loss to the agriculturist, and the proprietor of horses, as this 
too frequently and too positively repeated assertion of the non- 
contagiousness of glanders. Many thousands of pounds would 
not cover the annual loss. A case occurred about twTo years 
ago, and not a vei’y great way from this metropolis. A gentle- 
man had a team of farm-horses, almost unrivalled for activity 
and strength. One of them exhibited symptoms of incipient 
glanders. A newly arrived young veterinarian was cousulted as 
to the propriety of preventing all further mischief, and cutting 
short the affair, by destroying the diseased animal. “ Oh ! by 
no means,” said he ; “ there is not the danger about glanders 
which some foolish people imagine ; you wrell ventilate your 
stables, and let there be no animal poison lurking there from air 
that has been breathed over and over again, and I will answrer 
for it, your other horses are safe enough ; there is not one horse 
in a thousand that catches glanders.” The gentleman was some- 
wrhat surprised, and expressed a little doubt about the matter; 
but, the young theorist producing chapter and verse in elucida- 
tion of his point, he suffered himself to be over-persuaded ; and 
in less than a twmlvemonth he had not a sound horse upon his 
farm.—YouatVs Lectures at the University of London, 1832. 
The glanders is a disease of the horse tribe, communicable to 
man and other animals. It is chiefly manifested by unhealthy 
suppuration of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavities, and 
pustular eruptions on the skin, and unhealthy abscesses in the 
lymphatic system.—Druitt's Surgery. 
The instant that there is any appearance of it, the horse 
should be immediately removed to a place by itself, as this malady 
is exceedingly infectious; and from want of due caution, when 
even a suspicion is entertained, the most disastrous consequences 
have been the result.—Brown’s Farriery. Glanders.—A disease in horses, attended with a copious dis- 
charge of mucus from the nose. It is needless to endeavor to 
describe the various attempts which have been made to cure this 
almost invariably fatal disorder. But the farmer must avoid a 
common error of confounding ulceration of the membrane of the 
nose with glanders, for the symptoms are very similar. The 
farmer will do well, as soon as lie finds a horse attacked with this 
disease, to place him by himself}* give him green food, and thor- 
oughly whitewash the stable from which he is taken, for it is a 
most contagious disease.—American Farmer's Encyclopedia. 
Two thorough-bred colts, yearlings, that had never been broke 
or put into a stable, were affected with the glanders to a violent 
degree. It was considered by the proprietor as a very extraor- 
dinary circumstance that having never been kept with any other 
horse, these colts should have been attacked with the disease. 
On inquiry, however, the author found that a canal ran on the 
side of the field in which these colts were kept, and that upon 
one occasion, some boatmen had been detected in turning their 
horses to graze in the same field ; and hence a very fair presump- 
tion arose that the contagion was communicated in that way.— 
Lawrence. 
That the glanders is contagious, has been clearly and indispu- 
tably proved by numerous experiments, and the manner in which 
it is propagated has likewise been satisfactorily demonstrated. 
The great number of horses that have been destroyed by glan- 
ders, especially in the army, and in the establishments where 
great numbers of horses are kept, has excited particular atten- 
tion to the subject, especially in France and Italy, where many 
attempts were made in the beginning of the last century to dis- 
cover a remedy for it.—Skeavington. 
“ It is a remarkable circumstance” says Mr. White, “ that 
glanders cannot be communicated by applying the matter which 
is discharged from the nose of a glandered horse to the nostrils 
of a sound one, unless there be an open wound or sore, even 
though a piece of lint soaked in the matter be put up the nostrils, 
and kept in contact with the pituitary membrane for a short time ; 
or even if the matter be thrown up the nostrils with a syringe. 
But, if the smallest quantity of matter be applied in the way of 
inoculation, either to the membrane of the nostrils, or to any 
part of the body, a glanderous ulcer will be produced, from which 
farcy buds and corded lymphatics will proceed. After a few 
weeks the poison will get into the circulation, and the horse will 
be completely glandered. The circumstance of glanders not 
being communicated by applying matter to the nostril, enables 
us to account for a horse escaping the disorder, as he sometimes 
does, after being put into a glandered stable, or standing by the 
side of a glandered horse. I am inclined to believe that the dis- 
order is more readily caught by eating the glanderous matter 
mixed with oats or hay, than by drinking it with water, as in the 
former case it is so intimately mixed with the food in mastication. 8 
M. St. Bell placed two sound horses by a glandered horse, 
drinking out of the same pail, and eating out of the same 
manger. One of the sound horses was six years old, and just 
taken from grass ; the other nine years old, and taken from regu- 
lar work. The first showed evident signs of glanders at the 
expiration of thirty-four days; it fully declared itself in the 
second at the end of six weeks.” 
John Gamgee, Professor in the EdinburghYeterinary College, 
says : “Horses undoubtedly affected with this dreadful malady 
should be destroyed as soon as the disease is satisfactorily diag- 
nosed. Various mineral tonics, have been vaunted as specifics, 
but we cannot conceive on what principle animals should be 
allowed to live, endangering the life of those around them with 
no benefit to themselves. 
“ A glandered horse may contaminate the air of a stable to 
such a degree, that horses breathing the same air may become 
infected with the disease, although the infected may never come 
in contact with the infecting horse. Fortunately glanders is not 
so infectious as some other diseases to which horses are liable, 
otherwise the breed would soon become extinct.”—Veterinarian, 
1833. 
“ Glanders.—We have had about the same number of glan- 
dered horses as in the last year; and we must repeat, that in 
spite of all the care that has been bestowed upon them, and the 
strict attention which has been paid to the administration of 
medicines the most likely to have a good effect, and the power 
of which has been vaunted by others, we are not able to relate a 
single case of the complete cure of glanders. Seven horses 
were returned to their owners apparently cured—all the recogni- 
zable symptoms of the disease had disappeared; six of them 
were, after some months, returned to us more decidedly glandered 
than they were before ; they were destroyed. The seventh has 
now been away three months ; but we reckon upon seeing him 
again about the same time as the others, and in the same state as 
that in which they returned.”—From the proceedings of the 
Veterinary College, Alfort, France, 1833-4. 
“Acute Glanders.—MM. Renault and Bowlev have con- 
tinued their researches on this disease. An inquiry into the 
nature of this malady, its symptoms, and, more especially, its 
contagious property, has acquired increasing interest since its 
transmissibility from the horse to the human being has been 
lately proved in so many instances. MM. Renault and Bowley 
have arrived at the following results : Acute glanders is conta- 
gious by inoculation from horse to horse. Every experiment of 
the last and the present year has given this positive constant re- 
sult. Without a single exception, the symptoms of the infection 
of glanders have appeared in the inocculated animals from the 
third to the fifth day, and death has ensued between the tenth 
and fifteenth days.”—Veterinarian. 9 
In the year 1861, my attention was called to seventeen horses 
the property of Mr. E. K. B., of Felton, Delaware, who, some 
six months previous, had purchased a horse at the horse auction in 
Philadelphia. This animal was supposed to have a slight attack 
of what is commonly called “distemper.” In a short time some 
of Mr. B’s other horses showed symptoms of the same disease, 
several of which died. Mr. B. becoming alarmed at his repeated 
losses, called in my assistance. I found (if my memory serves me 
right) five of the seventeen horses glandered, three of which I 
ordered killed. The others which had not shown symptoms of 
disease I ordered to be at once removed from the stable, so as to 
prevent all possible communication between them and those in 
which the disease was not fully developed. Mr. B. loaned Mr.H., 
a neighbor, one of his horses to work in a lumber team ; soon 
after which the disease made its appearance in Mr. IPs stock of 
ten horses. My attention was called to these animals, also, several 
of which I found laboring from the same fatal malady. Two of 
these animals in which the disease was fully developed I ordered 
killed. Removing my residence from Philadelphia to Borden- 
town, IS". J., about this time, I lost sight of these cases, and have 
not since heard from them. 
Soon after the present rebellion broke out, one of my old cus- 
tomers, Mr.H., who kept a liverystable in Cherry st., Phila., doing 
a thriving business ; and having a number of the finest horses in 
the city kept there. Two army horses were put up for the night at 
that stable. No appearance of disease was observed about them. 
One of these horses occupied a stall near to that occupied by Dr. 
L’s horse, which was valued at $300. Soon after this visit, Dr. 
L’s horse showed evidence of ozena, which rapidly degenerated 
into glanders; the animal was killed. Case No. 2, valued at $500, 
the property of Mr. D, fell a victim to this fatal disease, and was 
also killed. Case 3, valued at $300, belonging to Mr. B., also 
became glandered and was destroyed; together with six other 
animals all valuable and highly prized by their owners. This 
calamity fell heavily on Mr. II., who in consequence was com- 
pelled to relinquish the business for some other occupation. This 
stable has since been torn out, the walls picked, remodeled, and 
is once more in successful operation, with new stock and a new 
proprietor, who it is to be hoped will meet with better fortune. 
In 1854, when inspector of the Philadelphia Mutual Livestock 
Insurance Co., I was called to examine a fine grey horse belong- 
ing to Mr. W. of the Western Exchange Hotel, recently insured 
for $300, which policy had just expired. Mr. W. asserted that 
the animal had only a slight cold, but was getting better: on 
examining the animal, however, I pronounced him glandered, 
which the owner was loth to believe : in order to satisfy him of 
the correctness of my diagnosis 1 called in T. J. Corbyn and the 
late W. W. Fraley, veterinary surgeons, both of whom confirmed 
my opinion. Mr. W. not wishing to destroy the horse, desired 
me to experiment with him, in order if possible to save his life. 10 
Some two weeks subsequently, a farmer stopping at the hotel 
supposing himself well acquainted with such diseases, offered Mr. 
W. $f5 for the horse, asserting at the same time that it was 
only the distemper that ailed him, and he could cure auy horse 
of that disease. Mr. W. immediately consulted me in regard to 
the propriety of selling the horse: my advice was, under the cir- 
cumstances, to clear himself of all responsibility. The result 
was the horse was sold. Some six months later I learned that 
the horse was dead, together with two other animals belonging 
to the same unfortunate purchaser. 
Sometime last spring, Mr. P., residing near Pemberton, New 
Jersey, purchased a horse which showed, as he thought, symp- 
toms of “distemper;” for some reason or other, Mr. P. did not 
keep this animal long, but sold him to a Mr. J., residing some 
two miles distant. Soon after Mr. P. parted with this animal, 
he sent another horse belonging to him to me for examination 
which had been previously treated for nasal gleet. This animal 
I unhesitatingly pronounced glandered, and recommended his 
destruction; the animal however died in a few days, since which 
time another of Mr. P.’s horses has shown symptoms of the 
same disease. Subsequently I was called to see the horses be- 
longing to Mr. J., who had lost three animals since the purchase 
of Mr. P.’s horse, and had two more sick with the same fatal 
disease, all of which had been treated in the same manner as 
were those of Mr. P. I found these animals also glandered, 
and ordered one of them to be killed ; the other died, making 
seven animals thus far inoculated by one glandered horse. These 
cases show the necessity existing for competent veterinary sur- 
geons who have been regularly educated in the same manner as 
are human medical practitioners. 
In my private correspondence wdth veterinary surgeons, I 
learn that glanders is rapidly spreading all over the country. 
Dr. Isaiah Michener, of Bucks County, Pa., writes to me as fol- 
lows : “I have just returned from a trip to see two cases of 
laryngitis, accompanied with enlargement of the sub-maxillary 
gland, and adhesiveness of the matter discharged from the nose, 
that led me to suspect that glanders might have been lying dor- 
mant in the system, until provoked to a development by the 
above disease; but more anon. One other case seen to day 
was bought at a sale of condemned government horses; he is 
discharging freely from both nostrils; no enlargement of the 
glands or evidence of the schniderian membrane being affected; 
still I consider that glanders is lurking in his system, in the form 
of tubercles in the lungs. I was called last spring to see a case 
of glanders that a Mr. had been treating for several weeks, 
telling the owner at every visit that there was no glanders about 
the horse, and he would cure him. The case was well defined, 
and no man who knows anything about the symptoms of glan- 
ders could for a moment be in doubt. This week I was called 
to see another case, also an army horse, treated by the same 11 
party for three months, assuring the owner that there was no 
danger, as he did not have the glanders, because the discharge 
was from the right nostril, together with other say saes equally 
absurd. The owner, strangely impressed with the idea of glan- 
ders, removed the animal from his other stock, notwithstanding 
his professional adviser assured him there was no danger, and 
that he was unnecessarily cautious. 
“ I was called last week to see a horse which the owner said 
had the distemper, but on examination I found it was glanders, 
which the owner was very unwilling to believe, and insisted that 
I should give him medicine. This horse was also from the 
army. ” 
G. W. Bowler, veterinary surgeon, Cincinnati, informs me that 
glanders is spreading at a fearful rate since the sale of govern- 
ment horses in that vicinity. T. B. Rayner, veterinary surgeon, 
of Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, informs me that many cases have 
recently come under his notice. 
On passing up Filbert street, Philadelphia, the other day, in 
company with R. McClure, Y. S., and several of the students of 
the Veterinary College, my attention was attracted to an army 
horse belonging to the 20th cavalry regiment: this animal had 
tetanus (locked jaw) in its worst form ; tied to the same post 
was another animal badly affected with farcy glanders, that is, 
the two stages of glanders combined. These horses were wait- 
ing their turn to be shod at a shoeing shop in the neighborhood. 
In close proximity to these animals were some ten or a dozen 
other horses, the owners of which were perfectly innocent of the 
danger in which their animals were placed. Qualified veterinary 
surgeons in the army would prevent all such occurrences. The 
horse with locked jaw cannot be used for any purpose, and it 
would not be a matter of surprise if he did not reach his camp. 
I have condemned several horses as glandered during the last 
few months, some of which were afterwards sold, with of course 
a guilty knowledge, to other parties innocent of the nature of 
the disease. Such men should be held responsible by law for 
all damage resulting from such a sale. Did these parties know 
the weight of the responsibility which rests upon them, they 
would not for a few paltry dollars sacrifice the property and 
often the lives of their fellow-men. 
My colleague, R. McClure, Y. S., says “The symptoms of 
glanders are to be studied, not with a view to its cure, which is 
at all times dangerous to attempt, as there is the risk of conta- 
gion to him who attempts it ; but with a view of ascertaining 
and diagnosing truly that it is glanders, that being all that can 
repay for the trouble, in order that the animal be destroyed at 
once, as it is not fit to live upon the face of the earth, with con- 
tamination following in its wake. 
“ The necessity of better acquaintance with this noisome pest, 
is daily increasing around us, so much so that in six years’ prac- 
tice of considerable extent in Phiiadelphia, as a Veterinary Sur- 12 
geon, I do not recollect a single case of glanders. But within 
the last four months, no less than ten cases of it, and in different 
parts of the city, have been presented to me, and instead of it 
being got rid of, it is steadily on the increase.” 
There is one point upon which we desire to caution our read- 
ers, a point which we deem all-important, and which, we trust, 
will challenge their earnest and prompt consideration. As rap- 
idly as army horses, whether from disease or accident, become 
unfit for service, they are put up at auction and sold to the high- 
est bidder. As the prices obtained for them are not large, many 
farmers are induced to make purchases. It is now a well esta- 
blished fact, that that most loathsome, contagious and fatal dis- 
ease, the glanders, prevails to a large extent among the army 
horses, and that, of those already sold, a great many have been 
afflicted with it. These glandered animals have been distributed 
through every section of the country, and it is a notorious fact, 
that there is now ten cases of this dangerous disease among our 
farm horses, where there was a single one two years since. 
What is to be done in such a case ? Shall this introduction of 
a most pestilent disease be permitted to go on ? If it be, we 
may confidently look forward to the almost complete extermina- 
tion of our horses; for the facility with which the disease com- 
municates itself from one animal to another, and the speedy and 
fatal termination of the disease, where it is the result of conta- 
gion, point to no other result. The government should at once 
take this matter in hand, and remedy the crying evil, by ordering 
the immediate killing of every glandered horse in the army.— 
Culturist. 
BEWARE OF GLANDERED HORSES. 
written for the “National Union,” by G.W. Bowler, Veterinary Surgeon, Cincinnati. 
GLANDERED HORSES. 
In consequence of the many reports received, of the increased 
number of glandered horses in various parts of the United States, 
it becomes our duty to make some inquiries as to the cause of 
such a malignant and fatal disease, as well as to use such measures 
as will mitigate it. I have no doubt but that it can be accounted 
for in the following manner. We are well aware of the bad 
treatment which the horses belonging to the army receive, not 
only in the manner in which they are stabled, but in the feeding 
of the animal; and where a large number of horses are crowded 
together, without any regard to cleanliness or protection from 
the cold and wet, disease in some form must necessarily ensue. 
Thousands of valuable animals are annually being sacrificed in 
the U. S. army, through ignorance, which might otherwise have 
been saved, was there but some little system adopted to prevent 
it; but, where hundreds of animals are crowded together, regard- 13 
less of proper shelter from the weather, and under the control 
of persons who know little, if anything, about the proper care of 
horses, why, nothing short of disease of a malignant character 
can be expected. The very plan to propagate such diseases as 
glanders and farcy, is daily practiced among horses ofthe U. S. 
Army; for it is well known by all medical men, that undue ex- 
posure to the weather, transition from heat to cold, improper 
feeding, uncleanliness and bad ventilation, are the very means to 
bring about such diseases as glanders, farcy and other diseases of 
a debilitating character. 
One day the animals, as I have been informed by persons in 
the Government service, will have more food placed before them 
than they can possibly consume, and, probably for several days 
previous they have been on the verge of starvation, eager to de- 
vour almost anything within their reach, not excepting the fences 
they were tied to. How then can anything else be expected, 
but a great many of them will die from disease of the bowels or 
stomach. 
Catarrhal affections are very naturally to be expected amongst 
a large number of horses exposed to the various changes of the 
weather ; but do not a great many of these affections, for want 
of proper treatment, run into glanders ? That they do, I have 
not the shadow of a doubt; but as the government does not 
employ competent persons to examine the horses regularly, why 
the disease runs on ; the glandered horse coming in contact with 
his associates transfers it to them, and thus the disease is spread 
throughout the camp. Furthermore than this, not only are the 
horses in danger of communicating the disease to their own 
species, but are in danger of transferring the disease to the per- 
sons who have charge of them, and who little know the fearful 
risk they are incurring, of becoming inoculated by the poisonous 
matter. A simple scratch on the hand, should a portion of the 
glanded matter come in contact with it, would be sufficient to 
inoculate a person, the result of which would be, a most terrible 
death. 
For the special benefit of such persons as may be enjoyed 
about the Government horses, I will give a brief account of the 
nature, cause and diagnosis of glanders in order to put the inex- 
perienced on their guard. Glanders is a disease of a most 
loathsome and malignant character, occurring far more frequently 
in the horse than any other animal; still I am inclined to believe 
that it rages with far more violence when communicated to the 
ass or mule, than it does even in the horse. Another important 
fact in regard to the loathsome disease, and which ought always 
to be born in mind by those employed about stables, where the 
disease is likely to exist, is that it is not confined to the equine 
species, but is readily communicated to the human being. The 
only domestic animals which appear to be free from contamina- 
tion are the ox and the sheep, which do not appear to take the 
disease even by inoculation. 14 
GLANDERS IN THE HUMAN BEING. 
The path of propriety and of duty evidently is to put the 
farmer and horse-proprietor on their guard. The experience of 
every age, and I would say of every man who has seen country 
practice, teaches him that a glandered horse can rarely remain 
long among sound ones without serious mischief ensuing. It 
is affirmed that glanders is communicated to the human being. 
That a loathsome and fatal disease results from inoculation with 
the matter of glanders is undoubted: I am aware, indeed, of 
one case which goes a great way towards establishing the iden- 
tity of the disease. One of the feeders in the Badsworth hunt 
cut himself while preparing a farcied leg for the hounds; he 
died within a week. A day or two before his death an ass was 
inoculated with the matter from some of the sores that broke out 
about him, and died, evidently glandered.—YouatVs Lectures. 
A man aged twenty-three was admitted into St. Thomas’s Hos- 
pital ; he complained of much pain in the head and became de- 
lirious, to mitigate which, leeches were applied to the forehead; 
he then spoke of wandering and acute pains everywhere, indi- 
cating some rheumatic affection ; a tumor appeared upon the 
hand and another on the foot, seemingly of a gangrenous nature ; 
the pain in the head would again return attended by delirium, so 
that he was compelled to be strapped on his bed ; and all the 
while his flesh was wasting and his strength diminishing. On 
questioning the poor fellow, it was ascertained that he had had a 
glandered horse under his care a month before, and that the 
discharge from the nose had come upon his hands. The case 
was now sufficiently plain ; but the patient was too far gone to 
admit of the slightest hope. Previous to his death he said, “ I 
am dying, I shall die soon, but I shall die happy;—I know now 
I am glandered—I shall die as my horses do—I shall die happy.” 
— Veterinarian, 1833. 
A case is mentioned in the “Lancet” of 1834, of a Mr. Norbrook, 
who punctured a blister on his knee with a lance with which he 
had .previously been bleeding a horse ; some of the blood re- 
mained on the blade, from this he was inoculated, and died a 
horrid death. 
“ This school has, in the year just expiring, added another 
mournful case to those previously recorded in the hospitals of 
the biped, of the communication of glanders to the human being.” 
—Alfort College Record, 1838. 
Dr. Barham of Truro, reports a case of glanders in the “ Vete- 
rinarian” of 1840, in the person of Joseph Pascoe, aged 22, re- 
sulting in death. 
A young man named P.]Kellev, aged twenty, was admitted into 
Richmond hospital on the 26th August 1838. On admission 
his face presented that peculiar aspect which is so characteristic 
of glanders ; the left half was very much swollen, tense, and 
shining, the redness fading away gradually and becoming lost 15 
in the surrounding integuments. He stated that he had always 
been healthy, and when questioned as to the nature of his occu- 
pation, said that he had been employed for the last four months 
in attending horses that were glandered ; he did not recollect 
that he had a wound or sore on either hand; he had not drank 
out of any vessel used by Ihe horses, nor had he slept in the 
stable. He died on the 29th.—Dublin Journal of Medical 
Science, 1841. 
Mr. Rocher, medical student at the hospital of Necker, was 
charged with the dressing of a patient affected, first, with chro- 
nic farcy, and subsequently with acute glanders, under which he 
died. In a few days Mr. Rocher showed evidences of the dis- 
ease, and died glandered, sixteen days from the commencement 
of the disease.—Lancet, 1841. 
In the latter part of May I was requested to see Andrew Foot, 
aged thirty-six, who presented all the symptoms of glanders. I 
could not discover any appearances of his having been inoculated, 
but having seen a glandered horse some time since, and think- 
ing the above unfortunate case so much resembled that of this 
horse, I was induced to inquire of the owner whether there was 
anything the matter with either of his horses, when he told me 
that one of them was laid up with a bad cold. On examining 
the animal it proved to be a decided case of glanders. The 
horse died in ten days afterwards ; Mr. Foot died also.—Pro- 
vincial Medical Journal. 
In the hospitals at Paris, according to the accounts of the 
medical journals, the cases of glanders among men have been 
less frequent than in any preceding years. Sidon, a veterinary 
surgeon, published a paper in France, in which he stated that 
glanders was transmissable from the horse to man, causing the 
worst kinds of ulcers. He mentions an instance in which a 
horse was affected by the disease from a farrier who had a glan- 
dered sore on his hand, which came in contact with the animal 
while he was giving it a ball. The man and the horse both died 
with the disease. 
A groom, named Provost, slept in a stable at Paris, occupied 
by a glandered horse. Some days after the death of the animal 
Provost was attacked with the same disease and died. 
Mr. Hamerton, surgeon to the Castle-town Dispensary, has 
placed upon record three cases of acute glanders in the human 
subject, all running the same course, and terminating fatally, and 
all traceable to the same cause, i. e., contagion from a diseased 
horse.—Veterinarian, 1843. 
A vine-grower, in drenching a glandered horse, was bitten on 
the cheek; fifteen days after he died glandered.— Vet. 1844. 
The patient, whom I saw several times during the progress of 
the malady, was Thomas Whittaker, whose case was clearly one 
of inoculation. The poor fellow was bald-headed, and received 
a slight scratch on his scalp which cost him his life. He recol- 
lected wiping the perspiration off his head with his dirty hands ; 16 
and as the scratch in his scalp first showed the true character of 
a farcy ulcer, there can be little doubt as to the inoculation hav- 
ing taken place at the time of skinning the farcied horse. He 
survived the inoculation twenty-one days. Robert Pick, an old, 
faithful, and I believe, valued, servant to the gentleman who owned 
the farcied pony, was the subject of the second lamentable case, 
which is considered one of infection ; and the infection js supposed 
to have been conveyed by the foetid breath of the animal, while 
the poor man was in the act of giving some mucilage of linseed 
to the pony a few hours before his death. A few hours after the 
death of the pony, Dick complained of being unwell, and of 
having pain in bis knee. At first the pain was regarded as 
rheumatism, but ultimately proved to be that of farcy, as that 
disease showed itself in its true character and virulence, which 
ended the suffering patient’s life on the twenty-second day after 
he had inhaled the fetid breath of the animal.— Vet. 1846. 
“ Within the last quarter two veterinary surgeons—one re- 
siding in Walworth, and the other in Wolverhampton—are re- 
ported as having died from inoculation of glanders. This terri- 
ble disease is not often seen in Scotland, but very frequently in 
England, and still more so in Ireland. From the latter circum- 
stance, the malady is often found to be imported about the west 
coast of Scotland. London has always been renowned for the 
prevalence of glanders among omnibus, cab, and other horses. 
A very strict supervision is maintained, and all glandered horses 
are destroyed when discovered ; but nevertheless, we can state 
on good authority that the omnibus horses of London have suf- 
fered very severely from this disease, and do so still. The par- 
tial measures adopted by companies are not sufficient to eradi- 
cate it, and the “glandered night-team” is not altogether a thing 
of the past. The danger to human life is so great that we feel 
happy to seize an opportunity to urge the adoption of the most 
effectual measures for the suppression of any practice which 
tends to prolong the life of the glandered horse.” 
Another case, as published in the “Herald of Reform,” is as 
follows :— 
“ Mr. J. Burns, a grocey, in Baltimore, died a horrid death in 
that city, a few days ago, in consequence of poison communicated 
to his system from a horse afflicted with glanders. During the 
admnistration of medicine Mr. B. thrust into the animal’s mouth 
his hand, a finger of which had been previously cut, and the flesh 
laid open. Through this wound the virus was absorbed, and mor- 
tification supervened. A surgeon wms called upon to amputate 
the diseased member. Perceiving, however, that the poison had 
penetrated to every portion of the unfortunate man’s system he 
declined performing the operation, and stated that no earthly 
skill could save his life. After lingering in great agony, death 
closed the scene.” 17 
Still another—Death of a Russian Lady from Glan- 
ders.—The awful death of Madame Palesikoff, one of the most 
charming amongst all that bevy of charming Russian ladies, 
who sometimes gladden the winters of Paris, has created a terri- 
ble shock amongst the circles she so lately embellished by her 
presence. The unhappy lady left Paris but a short time ago, on 
a summer tour to Germany. While stepping from the door of 
the opera house in Berlin, to gain her carriage, she let fall one of 
her bracelets close to the pavement. Stooping to pick it up, she 
noticed at the time, laughingly, that “ one of the horses belonging 
to a carriage standing at hand, dropped his head so close to her 
face, that he had touched her, and left a moist kiss upon her 
cheek.” In a few days the unfortunate lady was taken ill with 
that most horrible disease, glanders, and in a few days more 
breathed her last, in spite of the attendance of the first physicians 
of Berlin, and every resource to be obtained by wealth, or by the 
ceaseless vigilance of friends.— Court Journal. 
In March 1853, a messenger named Meignan, of the Commune 
of Chemilli, consulted a quack by the name of Moyne about a 
discharge affecting one of his horses. Moyne, who passed in the 
country as formerly a pupil of the veterinary school at Alfort, and 
even assumed in his practice the title of veterinary surgeon, de- 
clared, after having examined Meignan’s horse, that he was affected 
with “strangles,” but that Meignan might use him and treat him 
without any risk of harm, and that he would answer for his re- 
covery. 
Meignan, equally simple and confiding, followed this dangerous 
advice. He made use of his horse, treated and groomed him ac- 
cording to the instructions given, in fact, was too faithful an ex- 
ecutor of the prescriptions of a man in whom he had placed his 
confidence: he would daily wipe the nostrils of the horse clean 
with his pocket-handkerchief, lest he might be found fault with by 
the authorities of the villages he was necessitated to passthrough. 
Such care became to him fatal. On the 7th of April this unfor- 
tunate messenger fell a victim to the effects of the fa*rcino-glan- 
derous attack contracted from his horse. Some days after his 
death, M. Pangoue, veterinary surgeon, called in by the authority, 
pronounced that the horse of this unfortunate man was affected 
with acute glanders, and recommended accordingly his immediate 
destruction. Our brethren, MM. Pangoue and Bresson, communi- 
cated to us this fact, as 'another proof of the danger of empiri- 
cism. -f 
I, mentioning a similar case were two horses were glandered, 
MM. Pangoue says, “ For the last fortnight these horses had 
been treated by the proprietor himself, who, in the course of that 
time contracted the glanders in spite of all the precautions I had 
strongly urged him to take, not doubting but that he exposed 
himself to great risks. Notwithstanding, one could not positively 
assert the channel through which contagion had taken place, it 
was very easy to suppose what the contagious agent was, and how 18 
the glandered virus had operated. However incomplete this case 
may be deemed, especially as far as concerns the unfortunate sub- 
ject of contagion, do not similar details to those I have just re- 
lated, exist in abundance, and prove in a most undeniable manner 
that human nature enjoys the sad prerogative of contracting, 
through inoculation, a disease so terrible among our domestic ani- 
mals, and one which veterinary science has designated under the 
name of glanders.—Rec. de Med. Vet. de Sep., 1854. 
In man it is generally produced through inoculation of the 
matter into a wound. Whether it can be contracted by infection, 
through the miasmata arising from it, without actual contact of 
the matter, is not yet quite decided. There are, however, some 
grounds for believing that this disease is occasionally propagated 
by infection in the horse; and that the effluvia are capable of 
communicating some form of malignant fever, although not true 
glanders, to the human subject. But the matter from the ab- 
scesses or nasal cavities ofj human beings is capable of communi- 
cating the disease both to men and animals. A man died of 
glanders in St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, in 1840, and the nurse 
who attended him inoculated her hand, and died of it also in a 
few days; and two kittens which were inoculated from the nurse, 
became affected likewise. Moreover, the blood of a glandered 
horse injected into the veins of a healthy one, communicated the 
disease, although no abnormal appearance could be detected in it 
by the microscope.—Druitt's Surgery. 
“ An inquest was opened at the Guildhall, Bath, on Friday 
evening, September 26th, by A. H. English, Esq., the city Co- 
roner, on the body of a boy who died from glanders.”— Veteri- 
narian, 1862. 
Death, from Glanders.—A blacksmith, named George Spence, 
residing at Aunadarragh, and aged about forty years, was admit- 
ted into the County Infirmary on the 27th May last, suffering 
from glanders. Notwithstanding all the efforts of medical skill, 
the unfortunate man expired on the 7th ult. This loathsome dis- 
ease must have been communicated to the deceased by some horse 
which he was shoeing. As it is now well known that glanders is 
incurable, animals infected with the disease should be destroyed 
as soon as the first symptoms are manifested.— Veterinary Re- 
view, 1862. 
From time to time, cases of glanders or farcy are reported as 
occurring in the human subject, but the frequency with which 
such reports meet the public eye bear no relation to the actual 
number of cases which are observed. As with several other forms 
of disease due to animal poisons, there are many cases overlooked, 
and never diagnosed. We have a law referring to glandered horses, 
to their use and sale, but we can state from experience that the 
law is evaded. Veterinary surgeons are not disposed to insist on 
the immediate slaughter of any glandered horse they meet with 
in practice. Cases of farcy are often much neglected, and the 
result is the spread of disease. Information has reached us of 19 
glandered horses sold by public auction, of animals similarly af- 
fected, being worked in London omnibusses, and it is well known 
that glanders has proven unusually destructive within the last two 
or three years amongst the horses of our cavalry regiments. 
Ireland is no doubt the division of the United Kingdom, in 
which there are most cases of glanders in man and horses. In 
the Report of the Census Commissioners for 1851, we find the 
the following remarks : “ The number of deaths from this cause 
afforded by the returns of 1841 was but 11 ; on the present occa- 
sion they amount to 196—viz., 168 males and 28 females. We 
think the magnitude in the returns for 1851 is owing, not merely 
to a greater knowledge, both medical and popular, of the symp- 
toms of the disease, but to an increase of these affections, and to 
a greater negligence on the part of persons engaged in the care of 
horses. Instances have been recorded of families becoming infect- 
ed with this frightful malady, from residing in the same apart- 
ments with diseased animals. In our Report upon the statistics 
of disease we have already called attention to the subject of the 
increase of this affection, and pointed out the neccessity which 
exists for bringing infected animals under the surveillance of the 
police. The seasons show the following great varieties : In spring 
there died 71 persons from this cause; in summer, 50 ; in winter, 
48 ; and in autumn but 29.”—Vet. Review, 1863. 
Law respecting Glandered Horses in England, reads thus :— 
“ Any person who shall sell, expose for sale, or keep in his posses- 
sion, or keep or suffer to be kept on his premises, or lead, drive, 
or bring in or into any street, road, or public place, any horse or 
beast affected with the said disease or any disease of the like 
nature, knowing such horse or beast to be so affected, shall be lia- 
ble to a fine not exceeding the sum of twenty pounds, ($100) or in 
default of payment to be imprisoned for a term not exceeding one 
month.” 
“ Any justice or justices, may order any horse or other beast af- 
fected with the said disease, together with any troughs, litter, hay, 
straw, or other article which he or they shall judge likely to have 
been infected thereby, to be forthwith destroyed, or otherwise dis- 
posed of in such manner as he or they shall deem proper.” 
“In 1784, a law was enacted by the French Government, to 
prevent any one from keeping a glandered horse, under a penalty 
of one hundred dollars. Every animal suspected of glanders had 
the words : suspected animal’ impressed with green wax on his 
forehead; and the penalty for selling such an animal, or offering 
him for sale, was one hundred dollars. 
“ Persons having suspected animals were to report the same to 
the mayor, syndics of villages, or other proper authorities, under 
a penalty of $100. Such horses were then inspected by experi- 
enced veterinary surgeons, appointed by the mayor or other offi- 
cer, and if found glandered were destroyed. If only suspected, 
they were marked in the forehead as before described.” 20 
The foregoing is but a drop in the bucket, compared with the 
recorded evidence upon the subject of glanders, time and space 
however will not permit a further extension of this subject. Our 
present experience in the United States of America should bring 
us to the level of Europe in passing laws, ordinances, on the sub- 
ject of glanders. The losses already sustained, by our farmers 
and horsemen by the purchase of condemned and diseased Gov- 
ernment horses, amount to more than the sum realized by the gov- 
ernment, and will go on increasing at a fearful rate. 
We are told that the glandered horses of the army have been 
shot or destroyed and that none are offered which are known as 
diseased. Half an hour in the sales yards is more than sufficient 
to convince a competent judge to the contrary. It is evident to 
the observer that the malady exists to a great extent. Where is 
the fault ? Is it not obvious that the officers having charge of the 
animals offered for sale are not competent, and do not understand 
the disease ? How many recognized Yeterinary Surgeons are 
there in the employ of the U. S. Government ? None to speak of. 
Before sending a lot of horses to any place for public sale, every 
animal should be thoroughly inspected by the most competent sur- 
geon, qualified as such, a graduate, a man of long experience and 
a practitioner, and every animal, even suspected, should be at once 
destroyed. 
Very respectfully, 
B. JENNINGS, 'VeterinarySurgeon. 
Bordentown, March 1, 186.4. THE ANNUAL ANNOUNCEMENT 
OP THE 
VETERINARY COHERE OF PHttABEtPHIA, 
For 1864-65. 
INCORPORATED 1853. 
“Ars Veterinaria post Medicinam secunda est 
VETERINARY COLLEGE OF PHILADELPHIA. 
This Institution, chartered by the Pennsylvania State Legislature, 
1852, is permanently located at Philadelphia, where it has been in 
successful operation for several years past. 
Philadelphia, the great emporium of medical science on this conti- 
nent, has been chosen as the most suitable place in which to rear up 
an institution for the promulgation of a sister science. The reputation 
of her Medical schools extends over the whole civilized world. The 
facilities for Anatomical investigations, Clinical instructions, &c., &c., 
are at least as great as those of any other city in the Union. 
The Museum of the College embraces a collection of Pathological 
Specimens, in point of excellence far surpassing those of many Euro- 
pean Colleges of many years standing. Over one thousand preparations 
have already been deposited in the College Museum, the skeletons of 
the celebrated race mare “ Patsey Anthony,’7 the trotting horse 
“ Blue Dick,77 a Shetland Pony, formerly belonging to Welch’s Circus 
Company, &c. A Mule, a Cow, a Hog, and a Dog, each neatly 
mounted on wires, add interest to this valuable collection. The lec- 
ture rooms are conveniently and comfortably fitted up. The dissecting 
rooms are sufficiently large, and afford every facility for pursuing An- 
atomical investigations, material in abundance always at hand, without 
extra charge. The Library contains a number of the most valuable 
Veterinary Works published in this country and in Europe. 22 
In establishing Veterinary Colleges in this country, a new field is 
opened to the votary of Veterinary science for extensive investigation, 
wherein to build up fame and fortune. A man with ordinary abilities, 
with proper energy, can distinguish himself in the world by embracing 
this profession, while in most others he would only arrive at mediocrity • 
here is an unbeaten path for him to pursue, which, if faithfully and 
honestly followed, will lead to usefulness and honor. 
TRUSTEES. 
Genl George Cadwalader, James Gowen, Esq., 
Prof. William Gibson, M. D., Hon. George W. Woodward, 
Alfred L. Elwyn, M. D., 
Hon. Frederick Watts, 
Gen. George M. Keim, 
Sketchley Morton, Esq., 
Alonzo Potter, D. D., 
Prof. James Bryan, M.D. 
DIRECTORS. 
ALFRED L. ELWYN, M. D., President, 
Hon. Benjamin R. Miller, Secretary. 
Prof. James Bryan, M. D., Treasurer. 
Charles Lex, Esq. 
Samuel Kilpatrick, Esq. 
FACULTY. 
R. McClure, Prof, of Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 
R. Jennings, “ “ Pathology and Surgery. 
R. McClure, “ “ Anatomy and Physiology. 
R. Jennings, “ “ Practice of Medicine in reference to 
all domestic animals. PLAN OF INSTRUCTIONS. 
This consists of daily Lectures, given during the regular annual 
sessions held; first course commencing on the first Monday in May> 
and continuing twelve consecutive weeks; the second course com- 
mencing on the first Monday in November, and continuing sixteen 
consecutive weeks, of each year. 
The lectures embrace all the several departments of veterinary med- 
ical science, in the same manner as is taught in other Medical Colleges. 
Medical and Surgical Clinics, will be given on Wednesdays and 
Saturdays of each week during the session. The students of the last 
session witnessed over three hundred Surgical operations upon horses 
and cattle. Students entering this Institution have the advantage both 
of a city and country practice during their Collegiate course. 
REQUIREMENTS OF STUDENTS. 
Each student will be required to attend one session of two courses of 
lectures previous to graduation, in addition to which he will be required 
to study at least one year under some respectable practitioner of vet- 
erinary medicine, either before or during his term of Collegiate instruc- 
tions. This institution has been recognised by the Royal Veterinary 
College of Alfort, France, the highest authority in the world; her gradu- 
ates therefore, will command the confidence and respect of the public 
wherever they may go. 
FEES. 
For the course, which consists of two sessions, - - $100.00 
Matriculation, - 5.00 
Graduation, ...... 25.00 
Whole expense, exclusive of board, - - $130.00 
Further information may be obtained on application to R. McClure, 
Veterinary Surgeon, No. 807 Filbert street, Philadelphia, or to Robert 
Jennings, Veterinary Surgeon, Bordentown, New Jersey, to whom all 
communications for the College are to be addressed. GRADUATES 
OF THE 
VETERINARY COLLEGE OF PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
HONORARY GRADUATES. 
Robt. Jennings, V. S., - Pennsylvania. 
G. W. Bowler, V. S., - - - Ohio. 
W. W. Fraley, V. S., - Pennsylvania. 
R. McClure, V. S., - - - - Pennsylvania. 
REGULAR GRADUATES. 
Jacob Dilts, - New Jersey. 
W. \V. Wesdom, - Delaware. 
Edwin H. Palmer, - Pennsylvania. 
Joseph H. Holmes, Minnesota. 
And. Thayre, Ohio. 
Samuel Wilson, ----- Kentucky. 
T. T. Evans, ----- Indiana. 
Wm. F. Noell, - Ohio. 
Geo. Griffiths, Virginia. 
Samuel B. Reed, Pennsylvania. 
Aaron B. Reed, “ 
John S. Keeler, Canada. 
Alex. Muller, Pennsylvania. 
Hudson Cassady, Illinois. 
F. H. Wright, Pennsylvania. 
William Hutton, ----- New York. 
Win. J. McConn, “ 
Joseph Higgins, New Jersey 
Jacob Phillips, ----- « 
James B. Rayner, ----- Maryland. 
Henry B. Rayner, ... - Pennsylvania 
James McCoart, - - “