FAILURE OF VACCINATION. 
VARIOLOUS INFECTION AN ILLUSION; VACCINATION AN IN- 
JURY TO HEALTH AND A DANGER TO LIFE, AND AS A 
PROTECTION AGAINST SMALL-POX, A VANITY. 
CARL SPINZIG, M. D. 
(Read before tlie St. Louis Medical Society, January 16, 1881.) 
Reprint from the St. Louis Clinical Record for February and March, 1881. FAILURE OF VACCINATION 
CARL SPINZIG, M. D. 
Prognostication:—“ Small-pox is eradicated!”—Aug. Friedr. Hecker, 1803(f). 
Experience :—“ Ars medendi non nisi tardo pede progreditur.”—Htinrich Rehl/a, 1879. 
Within the compass of this but chanced 
essay it might have appeared sufficient only 
to prove by statistics the truth of the propo- 
sitions enunciated in the heading, but as 
statistical data generally, and those of vac- 
cination in particular, admit of any desired 
flexibility, either to sustain arguments in its 
favor or totally to condemn it, it is essen- 
tial primarily to obtain a correct under- 
standing of the nature of small-pox, of the 
patho-chemical processes, and of the physi- 
cal laws that determine its occurrence. 
preventive power over the “small-pox 
poison ” in its properly diluted state when 
applied to a perfectly healthy person, com- 
pares, in proportion, to an inflammation 
excited by the prick of a pin in the cutis 
intended to prevent e.g. pneumonia. 
The “ scientific proof ” of the infectious 
nature of variola, controlable by vaccina- 
tion, is then submitted in form of tabulated 
evidence, and intended to exhibit the “ ad- 
vantages ” (here already advantage in lieu 
of protection) manifested by those who had 
taken, small-pox and were previously vac- 
cinated, over those who also had taken 
small-pox and never had been vaccinated. 
Pursuant to some reports (Philadelphia, 
Berlin, etc.), the vaccinated cases exhibit 
a rate of mortality only of one against 
three of those unvaccinated, and that in 
proportion to the number of plain and full 
vaccination marks the severity of small- 
pox slides from the maximum to the mini- 
mum. But such statistics are liable to 
have recorded incidentalities, and are open 
to numerous other and grave objections, yet 
the convenience thereby- afforded spares the 
trying efforts of the scientific investigation 
of physiologic© or patho-chemical and 
physical research. 
The phrase, the “variolous poison is a 
specific entity, sui generis,” has, at the 
present state of physiological science, no 
other significance than being a contradictio 
in adjecto, having no other means of sup- 
port as an established truth, except an 
indiscriminating credulity, or interested 
motives identified with the spoils of vac- 
cination. 
In harmony with the doctrine of specific 
infection, nothing is required to be known 
of the nature of variola. 
The mysterious “ poison of infection ” is 
beyond the limits of physical analysis, and 
its action on the human organism is hence 
regarded also beyond explanation. It is, 
therefore, essential, in this “ enlightened 
mystery,” to employ another mystery, viz : 
vaccination, as the intellectual antidote, 
(analogous to the principles of homoeo- 
pathy—similia similibus, etc.) which, by 
means of dilution, is claimed to be posses- 
sed of the requisite ability" to afford protec- 
tion. With gossip of this kind the multi- 
tude is then lulled into dormancy-, but alas, 
of a deceiving surity ! Vaccination appears 
equaled by the “ thirty-second dilution” of 
Hahnnemann’s wisdom, for, its claimed 
Ultimately, after the originally claimed 
“protection,” the controlling influence of 
vaccination over small-pox is, even statisti- 
cally, not sustained. Refuge is then taken 
in another assertion, that vaccination (re- 
vaccination and frequent repetitions or sub- 
sequent vaccination) exercises a mitigating 
influence over the intensity of small-pox, 
and thus, it is asserted, small-pox epi- 
demics, at the present (t. e., in the latter 
decades) have been but light and of less 4 
FAILURE OF VACCINATION 
frequent occurrence.* In substance, this 
dernier pretext is literally crashed by the 
weight of the evidence from the destruc- 
tive epidemics that devastated Europe and 
America in 1870, 1871-72. Moreover, the 
arguments in its favor are partly invalidated 
by the facts that the social state and the 
hygienic conditions of those suffering from 
small-pox are of marked difference, and 
prove in favor of those vaccinated (demon- 
strated by the records of Philadelphia, 
Berlin and Vienna), for the suffering prole- 
tary contributed most extensively to the 
rate of mortality, and among whom vaccin- 
ation, as a rule, is usually neglected. 
To indicate, in chronological succession, 
the stages of these processes and the space 
of time elapsing for the completion of each, 
would, in this place, be only a repetition of 
what has been submitted in extenso in our 
pamphlet on Variola, of 1878. Here it 
may suffice once more to state the fact, 
since corroborated, that the eruptive charac- 
ter of small-pox is the outward manifesta- 
tion of a process of decomposition of the 
blood, produced by the disproportionate 
quantity (from an excess of .05 to .08 per 
cent.) of urea. 
By reliable chemical analysis in physio- 
logical research, ,extending over a period of 
more than two decades, the fact is now 
fairly established, as is stated by most 
eminent that normal human 
blood does not contain more than .01 to .02 
per cent of urea, but variolous blood .08 per 
cent, and over.-j- The accumulation of urea 
in the blood is owing to structural changes 
of the glands of secretion (kidneys, etc.), 
which thus fail properly to functionate, and 
from decomposed nitrogenized and albu- 
minous matter throughout the human organ- 
ism. I Its immediate augmentation is due, 
in a great measure, to the proneness to de- 
composition, which is effected by even a 
slight increase of individual caloric, thereby 
evolving gases (carbonic acid, carburetted 
hydrogen and ammonia), some of which are 
highly expansible and unduly increase the 
pressure of the blood, particularly in the 
In correct inquiry, in medical science, 
the nature of the object, here small-pox, 
must be understood before remedial meas- 
ures can be recommended with propriety; 
the study, therefore, of the nature of small- 
pox, and, eo ipso, of “infection,” must be 
first in order. 
In consequence of the facts derived from 
the morbid anatomy in variola, especially 
when the period of development of the 
morbid structural changes is compared with 
the space of time allotted to it by the doc- 
trine of specific infection, the “infectious” 
origin and “specific” nature of small-pox 
must unceremoniously be rejected. The 
lesions, revealed by the autopsy, can not 
assume the degree of morbid alterations 
presented during the period of “incuba- 
tion ” and duration of the disease to date 
of death, a period of about two to three 
weeks,* the grave forms, lardaceous degen- 
eration and disintegration of the glandular- 
tissue, require, by far, a longer period. 
Thus the true nature of the small-pox pro- 
cess can only be comprehended after imag- 
inary morbid causes are excluded from 
consideration, and the elements engaged 
therein are recognized as physiological 
component parts of the human organism, 
changed by the surrounding physical influ- 
ences into pathological compounds. 
*Gorup-Besauez, Physiologische Chemie. 
fCoze et Feltz, Maladies infectieuses. 
t A healthy man voids about half an ounce of 
urea in twenty four hours.—Golding Bird, Uri- 
nary Deposits, p. 77. 
Urea is also derived from the decomposition of 
uric acid, which already takes place at 680 Fahr. 
Here is the equation: 
Uric AcidC. N. H. O. 
10 4 8 16 
cleaving into two atoms of urea; and six of 
€O2, viz: 
C. N. H. O. 
4 4 8 4 
6 12 
* Compare author’s pamphlet on Variola, etc., 
1878, p. 38. 
C. N. H. O. 
10 4 8 16 
Compare Preyer, Pflueger’s Archiv, 1868, p. 424, 
and Golding Bird, 1. c. p. 87. FAILURE OF VACCINATION 
5 
capillary circulation. Thus the functions 
of the kidneys are greatly interrupted and 
a high degree of a uraemic (azoturic) pois- 
oning of the blood will be the result. It is 
obvious, and, in this connection, perhaps, 
proper to observe that, in the winter season, 
merely limited meteorological fluctuations 
are sufficient to promote such processes in 
the human organism, and which, in their 
outward reaction, produce exanthematous 
manifestations. Moreover, by the degree 
of intensity of the meteorological variations 
and by the potency of uraemic reaction, the 
species of the eruption is determined, as 
this regressive action is analogous to that 
produced by fibrinous fermenting matter 
(fibrinfermente—Koehler) which from the 
energetic absorption of oxygen lead, in the 
reaction of small-pox, to the formation of 
vesicles upon those surfaces to which atmos- 
pheric air ha? uninterrupted access. 
These facts, relating to the natural his- 
tory of variola, grow in importance when 
we remember that urea is found in the 
human system in a higher per centage in 
the winter than in summer, and that it is 
more predominant in the male than in the 
female ; in the child more than in the adult, 
but in the aged less than in either.* More- 
over, we should remember the clinical fact 
that males are more numerously affected by 
small-pox than females, children more than 
adults, and the aged the least of all.f 
Further, that in geographical distribution 
the same law is found in operation, viz : in 
hot regions, small-pox prevails chiefly in 
high elevations (from six to ten thousand 
feet) and in the plains it nearly disappears. 
These facts of observation are chief!}7 no- 
ticed in Mexico, Central America, South 
America and Africa (Egypt). \ It is, hence, 
fully evident, from the general facts and 
statistical data adduced, that the law is 
established, and as these facts precisely 
Small-pox, like scarlatina and rubeola, 
according to their etiology, appertain to 
that class of diseases which prevail in the 
wintry season, when, from the intensity of 
the variations of meteorological influences, 
an epidemic prevalence results.* 
* Compare Gorup-Besanez. 1. c., pp 587 and 690. 
fTo corroborate this clinical fact, the following 
tabular statements of mortality, which is a fair 
index of the percentage of morbidity, of sex and 
age, may here be reproduced : 
* Most convincing evidence, in behalf of these 
propositions, occurred h re in St. Louis, some few 
weeks since. Within one week, three daughters 
in one family died of scarlatina that could not be 
traced to infection ; the residence of the family is 
located healthfully and conforms with ordinary 
sanitary regulations. The first daughter, aged five 
years and three months, died Nov. 27th; the sec- 
ond, aged seventeen years and two months, died 
on the 28th of November; the third, aged two 
years and eleven months, died Dec. 1, 1880. 
Now it may be borne in mind that the wintry 
weather here set in on the 6th of November and 
continued, with only quotidian interruptions until 
the 12th of December, and from then until now. 
The above mortality coincided with the period of 
the greatest meteoiological fluctuation, viz: when 
the barometrical ranges were equaling those ex- 
tending over a period of an entire year. And in 
■conformity with the barometrical fluctuation, the 
temperature fluctuated as a matter of consequence. 
The meteorological records are as follows : 
Tears. Per cent. Tears. Per cent. 
0-10 47.27 50-60 2.36 
10-20 15.01 60-70 1 32 
20-30 19 15 70-80 0.31 
30-40 8 98 80-90 0.04 
40-50.......... 5.20 
Of 175 children under ten years of age, 97 were 
males and 78 females. Ot 588 deaths from small- 
pox, the age is represented in the following table: 
Tears. Number. Tears. Number. 
0- 1 157 35-40 21 
1- 5 226 40-45 5 
5-10 65 45-50 5 
10-15 14 50-55 3 
15-20 20 55 60 5 
20-25 28 60-65 4 
25-30 20 65-90 0 
30-35 15 
. /Males, 56 83 per cent. 
/Females, 43.17 “ 
Barometer. Degree. Time. 
Maximum 30 786 Nov. 22, 7a. m. 
Minimum 29 329 Dec. 4, 11 p. m. 
Range, in thirteen days, 1.457 inches. 
Thermometer- Degree. Time. 
Minimum 10 F. Nov. 22, 7 a. m. 
Maximum 60 F. Dec. 4 11 p. m. 
Fluctuation, in thirteen days, 50 deg. F. 
The first two tables are copied from the Annual 
Report of the Board of Health, Philadelphia for 
the year 1872, and the third one from the Jahres- 
bericht des Wiener Stadt Fysikates, for 1879. 
J Compare Lombard, Climatologie medicale, 
Yol. 111, pp. 357 to 389 and 560; also Muehry, 
Klimatologische Untersuchungen, p. 277. In Mo- 
rocco, where nothing but filth is met with, and a 
total absence of medical knowledge, small-pox is 
not destructive, owing to the mild climate (G. 
Rohlfs, Arch. Yol. I, p, 190). 6 
FAILURE OF VACCINATION 
correspond in elucidating a fundamental 
truth, that the nature of small-pox is found 
in the reaction of urea on the blood, and 
that small-pox will occur and prevail when 
and where the reaction of urea is intensified 
by the nature of physical surroundings. 
are intended to exhibit the “small-pox 
poison,” and which is supposed to be bac- 
terii and bacteridii that have entered the 
system from without, as by injecting blood 
fronvvariolous patients, either in the liquid 
or dried state, the same kind of bodies are 
subsequently visible on microscopic exam- 
ination. Many of the rabbits thus experi- 
mented on died soon afterward. 
From the physical nature of urea we 
know that it is readily dissolved by the 
warm animal fluids (warm water dissolves 
it in any proportion), and thus, from its 
proneness to decomposition, it acts on the 
blood corpuscles as a deoxidizing (reduc- 
ing) agent.* 
But similar, if not identical, effects are 
produced by mixing blood from healthy 
rabbits with a solution of chemically pure 
urea, and keeping the mixture in a warm 
room (65° to 70° F.) for eight or twelve 
hours. A great many of the blood cor- 
puscles have then become granular, and 
have serrated or thorny edges. The liquor 
sanguinis contains large numbers of “danc- 
ing” granules of urea wduch resemble most 
perfectly micrococci and shreddy bacterii. 
The spectroscopic analysis of variolous 
blood, executed by Coze et Feltz, prove 
also nearly identical with those of Prof. 
Preyer (compare Pflueger’s Archiv, Vol. I), 
with uric acid on hsemoglobin. In both 
examinations the haemoglobin impressions 
had vanished. 
Oxygen is then at first attracted in the 
formation ef septic matter, as a matter of 
consequence, and which again energetically 
absorbs additional oxygen from the atmos- 
phere, analogous to “fibrinous ferments,” 
and thereby the capillary vessels of those 
surfaces to which atmospheric oxygen is 
most readily accessible, are infiltrated with 
septic matter, and there terminate, by way 
of diapedesis, into the formation of the con- 
tents of the subsequent small-pox vesicles, 
which, in their phases, constitute septic 
abscesses on a small scale. 
In the study of the etiology of variola, 
and if the theory of infection is admitted, 
the belief appears to be entertained that 
the morbid alterations of the blood cor- 
puscles, as the peculiarities are found on 
microscopic examination, are a direct dem- 
onstration of the presence and form of the 
“ specific poison of infection.” But, in the 
limited compass of that mode of inquiry, 
the actual state of the facts is not realized. 
Those visible changes can be produced arti- 
ficialty by exposing healthy blood to the 
reaction of a solution of urea. This sub- 
ject is of uncommon interest, and it may, 
hence, not appear improper to allude to it 
here in detail. 
With the view that small-pox never 
originated except by conveyance or “infec- 
tion,” and that the supposed “infecting” 
agent is a form representation of the lowest 
degree of organic development (similar to 
the also supposed “ malarial poison”), it is 
intimated that atmospheric ozone, when 
acting in the normal mean, or even in an 
excess, would be the natural antidote also 
to variola, as the fact is well established 
that intermittent and remittent fevers dis- 
appear when ozone is predominant. But, 
as we know, variola can not be classified 
with fevers that originate and prevail in the 
summer and autumnal season when urea in 
the blood is reduced to the minimum, 
and glycogenic matter predominates. The 
pathogeny of those fevers is influenced by 
ozone, as by this agent it is reconverted 
into cheraico-physiological processes that 
are curative of the fevers. In variola. 
The lithographic representations of cor- 
puscles of variolous blood submitted by 
Coze et Feltz (Op. Cit., plate iv, fig. vii), 
f Urea reacts intensely on the blood corpuscles. 
—Rollet, vide Strieker, Lehre von den Geweben, 
page 290. FAILTRE OF VACCINATION 
7 
urea is in excess and glycogonic matter is 
almost entirely missing; ozone, therefore, 
does not influence the pathogeny of variola, 
and variola is, hence, found to prevail 
when ozone exists in the air even in marked 
excess. A direct proof is afforded by the 
records of Vienna, of the year 1877, when 
that place was subject to a rather light epi- 
demic of variola, and the monthly means 
of atmospheric ozone were in excess, as 
recorded in ihe following table (Annual 
Report d. Stadtfysikates for 1877) : 
Month. Variation. Month. Variation. 
Jan -f-4.5 July + 2.7 
Feb —3.1 Aug + 7.4 
March —0.5 Sept +16.6 
April +6.1 Oct 0.2 
May +5.2 Nov .+ 4.3 
June —2.4 Dec + 4.4 
Annual mean + 4.6 
Annual mean rain-fall, var...—19.0 m. m. 
It will be seen that these variations are 
extreme. In their fluctuations and inten- 
sity of reaction, during the season in which 
they were irregular, is to be found the 
cause of the morbid phenomenon here 
under consideration. 
RELATIVE HUMIDITY. 
Month. Per cent. Month. Per cent. 
Jan 4.6 July 8.2 
Febr 7.2 Aug 7.6 
March 7.5 Sept 7.9 
April 8.8 Oct 7.4 
May 8.4 Nov 6.1 
June 7.8 Dec 6.7 
In order to compare the law of causation 
with the results of morbidity and mortality 
of variola, the following two tables are of 
great interest. They illustrate the verified 
fact that variola, in its occurrence and fatal 
effects, is on a parallel with the meteoro- 
logical seasonal influences, and that its pre- 
dominance is in a ratio with the intensity 
of reaction of their irregularities. 
Annual mean 7.35 
To learn the approximate normal monthly 
and yearly means of ozone at Vienna, the 
rates for 1854 and 1855 are here repro- 
duced : 
Month. Per cent. Month. Per cent. 
Jan 5.23 July 5.23 
Feb 7.90 Aug 3.60 
March 5.71 Sept 2.70 
April 4.25 Oct 5.01 
May 4.30 Nov 2.90 
June.. 3.75 Dec 3.90 
Morbidity of variola at Vienna in the 
year 1877: 
Month. No. cases. Month. No. cases. 
Jan 233 July 78 
Feb 191 Aug 60 
March 287 Sept 46 
April 198 Oct 91 
May 158 Nov 129 
June 94 Dec 184 
Annual mean 4.06 
But of the meteorological fluctuations 
which are essential to the origin and preva- 
lence of variola, ihe following variations 
are recorded at Vienna for the year 1877 : 
Total for the year 1,749 
Mortality of variola at Vienna in the 
year 1877: 
BAROMETER. 
Month. Variation. Month. Variation. 
Jan —0.5 July —0.5 
Feb —4.1 Aug —0.9 
March —5.5 Sept —0.7 
April —5.1 Oct + 1.1 
May —2.3 Nov —1.7 
June. +2.1 Dec ~..+0.2 
Annual mean —1.5 
Month. Male. Female. Total. 
January 47 38 85 
February 36 33 69 
March 44 41 85 
April 38 37 75 
May 23 25 48 
June 23 18 41 
July., 14 21 35 
August 13 10 23 
September 9 8 17 
October 11 16 27 
November 23 21 44 
December 20 19 39 
THERMOMETER. 
Month. Variation. Month. Variation. 
Jan + 1.3 July + 19.2 
Feb + 2.7 Aug +21.0 
March + 3.7 Sept +1.2.7 
April + 8.1 Oct + 8.0 
May +11.9 Nov 4.8 
June + 19.7 Dec + 0.1 
Annual mean 9.4 
Totals 301 287 588 
The meteorological variations at Vienna 8 
FAILURE OF VACCINATION, 
for 1877 compare fairly with those of Phila- 
delphia at the time of the great epidemic of 
1871-72. At both places, low borometri- 
cal pressure, high rates of temperature, 
also high rates of relative humidity and de- 
ficiency of rain-fall, are noted. But it may 
not be necessary here to represent the man- 
ner in which these influences react on the 
human organism. This has been, to some 
extent, already indicated, and is elucidated 
by the study of biology and 
Here it is only requisite to direct attention 
to their preexistence and co-existence with 
the occurrence and prevalence of small-pox. 
diseases, and their subtile modes of diffu- 
sion have, by infectionists, been designated 
the source of the propagation. But from 
the ‘ ‘ cylindrotsenium” to the ‘ ‘ globulated 
bacterii,” “ shreddy bacterii ” and “ bacte- 
ridii,” the entire series is now known as 
mere products of the process of decomposi- 
tion, forming the patho-chemical basis of 
one or the other epidemic disease. 
The fermentative process supposed to be 
produced by virtue of one or another 
fungoid growth, which, in consequence of its 
special characteristics, determines the re- 
spective form of any of the ‘ ‘ zymotic dis- 
eases,” is now demonstrated to be simply a 
process of oxidation, as “zymogen,” a 
non-fermenting substance of the pancreatic 
secretions, is converted into “ trypsine,” a 
highly fermentable substance, the in- 
crease of its equivalent proportion of oxy- 
gen ; and that “trypsine” is as readily 
reducible to “zymogen” by diminishing 
the quantity of its oxygen to the original 
chemical standard (Compare L. Hermann, 
Handbuch der Physiologie, Vol. V, p. 189). 
Whatever form representative of retrogres- 
sive growths is observed in fermentation 
can, hence, not be recognized as the cause, 
but only as a product of this process, of 
which oxygen is the agent and these 
growths, as material, only form a part of 
the agency for inducing an augmentation of 
fermentation. This fact is well founded in 
mycology by direct observation (Karsten, 
Hallier), and was abundantly corroborated 
by the late Dr. Theodore Hilgard, of this 
city, viz; the access of atmospheric air 
and the composition of the substrata or 
nutrient matter upon which the fungus is 
cultivated, determine its form representa- 
tion (Eidam, Mycologie, p. 187). 
The existence of the supposed agent of 
infection, the “ infectious X” is, under the 
focus of scientific inquiry, consequently, 
nowhere to be discovered, and the agency * 
active in the causation of epidemics, can 
not be admitted to be the asserted ‘ ‘ impor- 
tation ” and “ transmissibility from person 
to person or by things,” but can only be 
recognized according to the .evidence that 
we have produced, viz : that the nature of 
surrounding physical influences determines 
the line of demarcation of healthful or 
morbid action, and by the potency of their 
shadings, in the respective season and at 
the respective station, specialize the type 
of the prevailing epidemic. 
In the presence of these facts, the ques- 
tion suggests itself: what is to be under- 
stood by the nature of the supposed 
“poison of infection?” Although various 
efforts have been made, ai different periods, 
to demonstrate the nature and character of 
the “infectious agent,” yet so far as the 
results of inquiry are brought to general 
knowledge, nothing of a definite character 
or “ specific nature” can be demonstrated. 
Organic forms of the lower and lowest type 
of organization, whose nature is identified 
with that of retrogressive metamorphosis, 
were regarded as the true cause or the 
agents of several, at least, of the epidemic 
Owing to these cardinal points in natural 
history, the hjqjothesis of the ‘ ‘ specific 
nature of the “germs of infection” as the 
cause of diseases occurring epidemically, 
naturally proved contradictory in the ex- 
planation of the origin and diffusion of 
those diseases, and the proof supposed to 
* These terms are here employed upon a classi- 
cal definition of Dr. J. E. Tefft, Springfield; Mo., 
kindly suggested in a private letter. FAILURE OF VACCINATION, 
9 
be at hand in sustaining “ infection” as to 
origin and portability, or the mode of diffu- 
sion, was exploded as a fact of experience 
after every epidemic. But efforts are not 
yet spared to revive the theory of specific 
infection. It is suggested by the “germ 
doctrine,” although it is the ultimate rescue, 
that what are termed ‘ ‘ the Pasteur discov- 
eries” are direct evidence in its behalf. 
Inoculation (attenuation) was then aband- 
oned (Compare the Vaccination Inquirer, 
Nov. 1879, p. 105). 
However, all of these assertion can not 
be claimed as “Pasteur’s discoveries,” 
nearly the entire series have formed the 
basis of the nosolog}' of infection for sev- 
eral decades, and the doctrine upon which 
vaccination is based, has been in vogue, 
following similar ideas, for more than a 
century. 
Although the statements of Prof. Pasteur, 
made before the of Science, at 
Paris, during the year 1880, have, in this 
city, been accessible onty in fragments, yet 
the evidence is fully obtained that the exis- 
tence of a contagium vivum is admitted, by 
which the endeavor is made to explain the 
origin and propagation of epidemic diseases 
(small-pox as one of them). For cholera 
the microhion is claimed to be the “ cholera 
organism;” for anthrax micrococcus, spor- 
ules, bacterii, etc., etc., (according to 
Samuel, bacillus anthracis) to be the infect- 
ing poison ; for small-pox, as of old, the 
unknown “X,” and therefore it is, by Prof. 
Pasteur, confidently believed that variola 
and vaccine virus will prove to be identical 
(of which, however, there has of late been 
no more dispute). It is thus further inti- 
mated, that in the attenuation of the virus, 
vaccinating, small-pox and cholera(?), will 
be found the prophylactic power against the 
true disease, in conformity with the doc- 
trine, in the case of small-pox that an indi- 
vidual can be infected but once. 
Neither is the supposition of Prof. Pas- 
teur strictly original as expressed in regard 
to the “anthrax poison ;” that from buried 
animals, the poison would be brought to the 
surface again by the earth worms. It is 
stated that the bacterii would adhere to the 
surface of those worms, and would, in that 
manner, be brought again upon the surface 
of the earth, subsequently these being dried 
and carried off by air currents and thus be 
generally diffused for another infection. 
Prof. Pettenkofer claims to have first ex- 
pressed such ideas respecting the diffusion 
of cholera, based on a similar supposition. 
This writer was of the opinion more than 
fifteen years ago, that deposits from cholera 
patients, containing the “poison,” were 
absorbed by the ground, from thence again 
emitted into the air, and there generally 
diffused, and thus causing new infections. 
But at the present day this hypothesis is 
regarded as entirely obsolete even by radi- 
cal infectionists. 
If science lacks better information, clini- 
cal history alone could produce facts proving 
the contrary. That “attenuation” (i. e., 
“ vaccination ” or “ inoculation ”), is fol- 
lowed by a signal failure, may be learned 
from the fact that, in Paris, as early as 
1756, inoculation was practiced, and that a 
small-pox epidemic devastated that city in 
1763. Those inoculated contracted the 
disease as well as those who have been vac- 
cinated at the present day, and that Louis 
XV suffered from small-pox when fourteen 
yrears of age and died of the same disease 
in 1774, at the age of sixty-four years. 
To prove the illusion of Prof. Pasteur’s 
supposition in regard to the revivification 
and diffusion of the “anthrax poison,” as 
an illustration of infection, attention is 
invited to the fact that bacterii, bacteridii, 
sporules, micrococci, etc., etc., are found 
in myriads in the cesspools drained from 
dung piles; in ichorous fluids of decom- 
posed animal substance, and in manure. 
Now, mostly all over the earth’s surface, 
these substances are taken to the fields as 
fertilizers, particularly in close proximit}l- 
- most populous cities (here at St. Louis, 
for instance, by the gardeners), and the FAILURE OF VACCINATION 
10 
augmented crop, thus harvested in return, 
is there consumed without extermination of 
man and beast, as logically the result ought 
to be in accordance with the views of infec- 
tion potentializcd as suggested by the 
“Pasteur discoveries.” To illustrate fur- 
ther the illusion attending that doctrine, the 
city of Croyden(?), England, may be cited 
here, where all dejections, slops, and foul 
water are conveyed by sewerage to meadows 
under irrigation, for fertilizing, the crop of 
hay harvested in consequence thereof is 
increased many fold, and the live-stock is 
fed with that hr.y ; and now the butter and 
milk obtained from the stock and the meat 
of it is consumed by the inhabitants, yet it 
is not known that the}7 are subject to more 
frequent or more intense epidemics than 
the inhabitants of other English cities. 
Those abortive bodies, the supposed agents 
of “infection” as we know are of the 
lowest form representations in the regres- 
sive metamorphosis, and many of them 
have not even the power to propagate their 
own species. In “fermentation” they con- 
tribute to the augmentation of decomposi- 
tion. Through warmth and moisture, they 
energetically absorb oxygen and cause that 
process to take a more rapid and intensified 
course. In their reaction, in the process of 
fermentation, they are analogous to lepto- 
thrix cells, and in regressive actions of the 
human organism, if injected directly into 
the blood, to urea; they are agents accom- 
panying the fermentative processes, and by 
means of which they disintegrate. Their 
recurrence from decay and putrefaction 
proves, consequently, that they pertain to 
the products of these processes. Accord- 
ing to Karsten, “ they neither appertain 
to the animal nor to the vegetable world, 
their mission being only to contribute to 
the promotion of putrefaction and disin- 
tegration, like all septic bodies. They 
are only the constant companions of 
death” (compare Eidam, Mycologie, p. 
186), hence they are totally devoid of 
The view that they are to be recognized as 
the source of “specific infection” must, 
therefore, be rejected, from the known facts 
of their natural history. 
They are not the seeds of fructification in 
the development of special diseases, but they 
simply constitute material which, in com- 
bination with other fermentable substances, 
undergo septic (regressive) actions, analo- 
gous to urea in combination with albumin- 
ates or plasma. 
Adverting now to vaccination, and bear- 
ing in mind the identity of vaccine lymph 
with that of the variola pustule, or that 
both contain merely the elements of pus 
(perhaps a higher percentage of urates re- 
spectively), the danger must be compre- 
hensible to every one conversant with 
physiological chemistry, to which a per- 
son is exposed, particularly in early child- 
hood, by being inoculated (i. e., vaccin- 
ated) with such material of decay; and 
the vanity of the “protective power” of 
“vaccine” matter over the fancied “poison 
of the specific infection” of small-pox is 
obvious. 
By the masterly and most exhaustive 
treatise of Keber* on vaccine lymph, and 
by the thorough investigations microscopi- 
cally, chemically and spectroscopically, of 
variolous blood, variola and vaccine lymph, 
by Coze et Feltz (L. C. p. 179), the iden- 
tity of vaccine and variola lymph is fully 
established; also by the inquiry of the 
author, submitted in his treatise on variola 
(published in 1878), in which the results 
of extensive and careful personal examina- 
tions of variolous lymph are narrated and 
the facts indicated of its identity with vac- 
cine lymph. Both contain the elements of 
common pus, and the origin of which is 
identical with that of the latter, according 
to the observations of Cohnheim (Entzuen- 
dung, pp. 66 and 67, Embol. Proc., p. 102). 
Now these substances of disintegration, 
*tleber die mikroscopisheu Bestandtheile der 
Pocken Lymphe, Virchow’s Archiv, Vol. XLII,. 
p. 112, etc. 
specific quality. FAILURE OF VACCINATION 
11 
if applied in a diluted form (attenuation), 
namely, by vaccination, it is asserted, in 
favor of vaccination, will “protect” against 
an influence of which the “ specific” nature 
and mode of action is, in harmony with the 
specific infection theory, also a supposition, 
and if the hypothetical “ specific” materies 
morbi of small-pox would thereby not be 
counteracted, a modifying effect would, at 
any rate, be the result. Pursuant to these 
suppositions, it is therefore suggested that 
two like processes can not transpire simul- 
taneously in our systems. 
epidermis by the operation designated vac- 
cination. and thus producing a slight septic 
poisoning, would not survive the ordinary 
course of morphological rotation. 
Admitting, for the sake of argument* 
that bv such septic poisoning the “ suscep- 
tibility ” to small-pox would be suspended 
{i. e., for the time being), its reaction on 
the blood, however, would in a very 
short period (within three or four weeks) 
be completely overcome, unless structural 
changes of other vital organs had followed. 
Thus the “ protection,” even if it be ad- 
mitted, would be but ephemeral. But on 
the contrary, is the system in such condition 
that an already uremic reaction may have 
matured, and its grave effects are ignited 
by access of septic matter from vaccinna- 
tion, either, as frequently is the case, a 
general and grave variolous eruption fol- 
lows, or a septic decomposition of the blood, 
ending in the death of the patient. 
It is surprising, as this doctrine is quite 
identical with the nosological views of Hahn- 
nemann and the actions of his therapeutics, 
that it could be (and is yet) endorsed by 
the “regular” profession. Moreover, as it 
is thereby admitted that homogenious sub- 
stances (humanized vaccine and variola 
lymph or pus) exercise a specific protec- 
tion for a number of years * (siviilia sim- 
ilibus). 
Whenever vaccination remains a mere 
local irritation, which is fortunate to those 
vaccinated, its effects are cast off again 
without having affected the constitution. 
No general impression is made, as no ab- 
sorption has taken place beyond the local 
sphere of the gangrenous inflammation. 
But when constitutional symptoms follow, 
septic inflammatory fever and deranged 
functions of the organs of secretion, in 
consequence of ensuing structural altera- 
tions, the danger is imminent that pulmo- 
nary tubercular deposits will also take 
place, fiom the morbid products which are 
not cast off by the cuticular local sores and 
are circulating through the system. They 
become in part arrested in the pulmonary 
capillaries, leading there to the formation 
of thrombi or embolisms, and finally, in 
consequence of chronic inflammatory irrita- 
tion, to tubercular nodules.* 
But, remembering that the of 
small-pox rests primarily in the prevalence 
of physical influences, which cause a 
uraemic patho-chemical reaction in our or- 
ganism, and that urea reacts on the blood 
analogous to septic matter—in case of its 
absence, or if not exceeding the normal 
proportion—the general effects of vaccina- 
tion, either from injecting minimum quanti- 
ties of septic matter into the blood current 
or introducing it in the usual way under the 
*ln this connection it is important to be aware 
that in the human organism (at least) nothing is at 
rest, “dormant” or “latent,” there is a continual 
progression (constructive metamorphosis, and re- 
gression (regressive metamorphosis) in ail its ele- 
ments and tissues. According to Mole schott, man 
has, on an average, about 24 pounds of blood, and 
the oxygen which is taken up in four to five days, 
by means of respiration, would be sufficient to oxi- 
dize all carbon and hydrogen of those 24 pounds 
of blood into carbonic acid and water, hence, the 
blood, being about one-fifth part of a grown person, 
if it were consumed (metamorphosed) within five 
days the entire body ought to be transformed in 
five times five (25) days. Artificially colored blood 
corpuscles of the sheep, introduced in large quan- 
tities into the circulation of a frog, disappeared on 
the seventeenth day entirely. Compare Dr. H. 
Rohlfs, Deutsches Archiv. fuer Gescbichte der 
Medician etc., Band I, Heft 1; pp. 120-121. 
These facts are verified directly by experi- 
ments in the physiological laboratory, by 
* Compare Yirehow, Cell Pathol , 4th Edition, 
pp. 261 and 245. Hueter Klin. Vortraege, No. 49, 
p. 288. Gerhardt, ibid. No. 91. Cless, Impfung 
und Pccken, pp. 10 and 11. 12 
FAILURE OF VACCINATION 
clinical observation, and by occasional 
deaths from vaccination.* 
and the modus operandi determining the 
vesicular eruption is understood, the phan- 
tom “infection” has lost its significance; 
also the presumed value of the hitherto 
employed prophylactic, vaccination. And, 
if statistics had been computed correctly, 
vaccination, at the present day, would be 
doomed to oblivion. Reliable statistics, 
long ago, have proved it to be utterly futile, 
which, naturally, could not be otherwise. 
The maximum of tubercular mortality is 
found recorded for all localities where vac- 
cination is performed in the extreme, and 
the minimum where vaccination is also 
obseiwed in a minimum degree, or is 
omitted, f 
To facilitate a comparison on these pre- 
eminently important facts, the following 
list of localities, representing in the first 
column those of the maximum, and in the 
second those of the minimum, is here re- 
produced : 
But as vaccination is a convenient meas- 
ure for tyrannical police regulation, and 
simultaneously offers many opportunities 
for pecuniary aims (in England $1,500,000 
are annually expended for it), a clamorous 
adherence for its maintenance is manifested 
by those who are interested, and utter- 
ances : “We have reduced even small-pox 
to human control ” * are purposely ven- 
tured and circulated. Faulty statistics are 
therefore submitted by the “ authorities.” 
Algiers, 
Berlin, Braunschweig, (city) 
Geneva, France, (in cities) 
London, Genoa, 
New York, Naples, 
Philadelphia, Rome, 
St, Louis, Turin, 
New Orleans, Venice, 
Richmond, Va., St. Helena, 
Baltimore, Ireland. 
Cincinnati. 
However,' vaccination had to be acknowl- 
edged as without scientific basis, and its 
practice to be simply an empiricism, by the 
most believers in it. It is there- 
fore evident, as there are only statistical 
data to be appealed to in its behalf, and 
which prove to be inadmissible as evidence, 
as they record mere convenient incidentali- 
ties, the claimed “protective power” of 
vaccination against small-pox is fictitious— 
na}r, it is a vanity ! Is it not, then, humili- 
ating, that after the proclamation : “ even 
small-pox is brought under human control ” 
by vaccination and revaccination, to see 
devastating epidemics of small-pox return- 
ing, befalling the vaccinated, revaccinated, 
and those who in addition had survived one 
or more attacks of variola ? Thus proving 
such assertions gratuitous gossip. 
Since the nature of variola and the eti- 
ology of this dire malady is no longer a 
mystery, the causes demonstrable upon 
which an epidemic occurrence is dependent, 
* Statistical data of the injuries from vaccina- 
tion have mostly, everywhere, been excluded from 
the records ; but since the agitation against vac- 
cination has become universal, at Berlin the facts 
could no longer be suppressed, that vaccination is 
followed by injurious results. Professor Finkeln- 
burg, member of the German “ Reichs Gesund- 
heitsamt” (National Board of Health), had to 
acknowledge, lately, as stated by Dr. H. Rohlfs, 
1. c., p. 127, that twenty-five officially confirmed 
cases were brought to notice. On this continent, 
in San Francisco, Cal.; quite recently, a boy, age 
thirteen j ears, died from the effects of vacination. 
The points of vaccination had become a large 
sloughing sore, from which absorbtion of putrid 
matter had taken place. The patient was greatly 
emaciated, and died with symptoms of convulsion 
complicated with trismus. The lymph employed 
was obtained from the San Francisco Health De- 
partment.—Amerika, St. Louis, Mo., Dec. 15, ’BO. 
f Extreme heights; such as 15,000 feet altitude in 
the Andes, where pulmonary tuberculosis is said 
not to prevail (Muehry, Lombard), are here not 
considered. 
%In the year 1877, at Vienna, four hundred 
more died of pulmonary tuberculosis than iri the 
year previous, an increase of eight per cent. ( Vide 
“ Jahresbericht;” etc , 1877, pp. 176-77). 
In the agony of the contradicting evidence 
which exhibits more than a two-third plu- 
rality of the “ protected” to take small-pox 
* Compare Plumbers and Sanitary Engineer, N. 
Y., March 1. 1880, page 127. Further, Becker, 
Handbuch der Vaccinationslehre, p. 113, where is 
enigmatically stated; “Der Mensch hatte das 
Pockencontagium sich dienstbar gemacht, es 
gewissermassen gezaehmt. ” FAILURE OF VACCINATION 
13 
and frequently ending with grave mortality, 
some source of “ importation ” is sophisti- 
cally then traced up, but from which “ in- 
fection ” is said to be spreading, owing, as 
the excuse is added, to having been taken 
by surprise. At first one or more “unpro- 
tected ” are said to be affected, but subse- 
quently (wonderful philosophy !) others are 
found “infected” that have been vaccinated 
and revaccinated frequently and “ success- 
fully ” so as to be entirely “protected.” 
Relief is then sought in asserting, and 
with an air of indifference, that small-pox 
was imported to Berlin, Prussia, in 1871, 
by the French prisoners of war,* the offi- 
cial “ sworn enemies,”! being thereby 
disseminated. At Vienna, in 1872, it was 
suggested, in a similar mood, that the 
wave of small-pox infection came from 
Prussia via Bohemia.! 
may be more fully expressed by the details 
of the following tables : 
SMALL-POX EPIDEMICS IN ICELAMD.* 
1347 great epidemic. 
1380 do do 
1430 8,000 deaths. 
1511 great epidemic. 
1555 do do 
1574 do do 
1580 a sort of varioloid. 
1590 small-pox epidemic. 
1616-’l7 do do 
1632 do do 
1636 do do 
1655 do do 
1658 do do 
1670- 71 varioloid and small-pox. 
1707-’OB-’O9 terrible epidemic, mortality 
18,000. 
1742 light epidemic. 
1762-’63 do do 
1785 do do 
1786 epidemic, 1,237 deaths. 
1787 do 113 do 
1839-’4O epidemic from importation. 
By the statistical data of England, the 
But here, it must be asked, how and by 
whom was London, in England, “infected,” 
and how Philadelphia and other cities of 
the United States, in 1871, as there was no 
“ sworn enemy ” to these nations, and 
vaccination with all its variations had 
equally or decidedly failed in its claimed 
“protection.” Were they also taken by 
surprise ? 
evidence is produced that vaccination is 
also devoid of the mitigating effects over 
small-pox, the dernier claim of the advo- 
cates in its favor ; nay, they prove that the 
mortality of small-pox has constantly in- 
creased, particularly since the enforcement 
Small-pox epidemics come and go. Their 
reaction of intensity and periods of inter- 
mission prove, for the past centuries, to 
have been of no less nor greater dimen- 
sions than during recent periods (i. e., 
since the introduction of vaccination). 
Hundreds of years ago, to be sure, when 
vaccination was unknown, the records of 
Iceland show that several decades have 
elapsed in succession, and the island was 
free from small-pox ; so also, immediately 
prior and subsequent to the introduction of 
vaccination. The facts here mentioned 
of the compulsorj7 vaccination act. 
MORTALITY FROM SMALL-POX IN ENGLAND. 
Period. . Deaths. 
1857—1859 14,244 
1863—1865 20,059 
1870—1872 44,840 
It is further of interest to learn the rates 
of the vaccinated and unvaccinated having 
taken small-pox in 1870-72 in Germany 
(compare Becker, 1. c., chart at p. 261). 
The vaccinated cases ascend from 20 to 400 
at the age of 1 to 15 years ; at the age of 
15 to 25 years there is a decline from 400 
to 372 ; at the age of 25 to 35 years a de- 
cline from 372 to 100, and at the age of 35 
* Compare statement of Dr. Albert Guttstadt in 
Zeitscbrift des statistiscben bureaus, 1873. 
f Der officielle Erbfeind. Compare Carl Vogt, 
Die Wanderung der Thiere, Westermann’s Mo- 
natsbefte, Band 47;* page 49, etc. 
J Compare Jahresbericht des Wiener Stadtfysi- 
kates, 1877, page 62. 
* Compare Anti-Vaccination Publications, Ger- 
man edition, Hanover, 1880. It may be remem- 
bered that the climate of Iceland is hibernal and 
extreme. Infantile mortality is so great that not 
more than one-half of the children attain the age 
of fourteen years, hence smail-pox is frequent and 
grave.—Letters of Bayard Taylor. 14 
FAILURE OF VACCINATION 
to 60 years a decline from 100 to nothing. 
Of the unvaccinated, the rates range in the 
following manner: At the age of Ito 7 
years there is an ascent from 230 to 250 ; 
at the age of 7 to 25 years a decline from 
250 to 210 ; at the age of 25 to 35 years a 
decline from 210 to 60, and at the age of 
35 to 60 years a decline from 60 to nothing. 
facts apply alike to both localities. Those 
most comfortably situated, and embracing 
the more intellectual class of the popula- 
tion, suffered the least as to gravity, num- 
ber of cases and mortalit}', but among 
whom vaccination is not omitted, alone 
from fear. Hence it is indisputable that 
the minimum of mortality rates with the 
better educated and wealthier class which 
represents the vaccinated cases. The max- 
imum rates with the uninformed and prole- 
tary, or the class of the unvaccinated. 
Thus the facts are corroborated through 
the data submitted even by a most enthusi- 
astic advocate of vaccination, that the 
maximum rate of small-pox cases occur 
among those that have been vaccinated, 
At Paris, France, in 1870, vaccination 
was resorted to as perhaps never before, 
and in the great majority of instances the 
lymph was taken directly from the heifer, 
and yet one of the most destructive epi- 
demics raged there during the winter of 
1870-’7l. In the four months, October, 
November, December and January, 6,423 
persons died there of small-pox, and in the 
fifteen months from the Ist of January of 
1870 to the 31st of March 1871, a total 
of 13,035. 
The validity of these statistics in proof 
of the mitigating effect of vaccination over 
small-pox mortality must even be rejected, 
as its basis is proved faulty. 
In London, 7,876 deaths from small-pox 
occurred in the year 1871, notwithstanding 
the compulsory vaccination law is in force 
in England since 1854, and is executed 
with an unparalleled cruelty and tyranny.* 
There an individual is punished for one and 
the same offense (omitting vaccination) to 
an unlimited extent, until the provisions of 
the law are complied with. In England 
there is no possibility of escaping vaccina- 
tion, and, in addition, the multitude is there 
grossly terrified about the danger of taking 
small-pox by neglect of vaccination and 
frequent revaccination. Officially, it is 
unhesitatingly asserted, that those vaccin- 
ated are “protected.”! 
In the city of Berlin, Prussia, during the 
year 1871, occurred 17,020 cases of small- 
pox, of which 14,287 were vaccinated and 
2,733 were not vaccinated. The mortality 
of small-pox numbered 3,536 (according to 
Virchow, Sterbliehkeit Berlin’s, 5,215) of 
which 2,410 were vaccinated and 1,126 un- 
vaccinated cases. 
But as England, in 1871, and the United 
States, had no “ official sworn enemy” to 
whom the “importation of the poison of 
infection” could be attributed, yet, in both 
countries (London and Philadelphia as 
representative cities), in defiance of the 
“protection” of vaccination, small-pox 
An epidemic of small-pox devastating 
the population of Philadelphia in 1871- 72, 
numbered 15,629 cases, with 3,899 deaths. 
The statistics of “ successful” vaccination 
report for the same period the number of 
48,724, of which 30,526 pertain to the 
year 1871. 
However, the statistics of Berlin and 
Philadelphia state the mortality among 
those not vaccinated to exceed that of 
those vaccinated by far. At Berlin, of the 
unvaccinated, the percentage of mortality 
was 41.2, and of the vaccinated 16.8. At 
Philadelphia, of the unvaccinated, 60.42, 
and of the vaccinated 28.78. But other 
* Mr. William Tebb, of London, prosecuted 
twelve times for refusing to have his children vac- 
cinated, stated before the American Anti-Vaccina- 
tion League, that in EngbndSO per cent, of small- 
pox mortality was from vaccinated cases.— Vaccin- 
ation Inquirer, Nov. 1879, p. 119. 
f See Bauke’s Vaccination Acts, p. ix. It may 
here be proper to remind pretension of the words 
of Prof. Prever, when he says : “ Das nie irgend 
Einer und sei er der EdeLte und Groesste, unges- 
traft die Wissenschaft irgendwo durch einen 
Machtspruch zuverbarricadiren versucht hat.”— 
Ursache des Schlafes, n. 27. FAILURE OF VACCINATION 
15 
originated and prevailed with an unsur- 
passed degree of intensity. 
surprising—nay, alarming—facts are dis- 
covered sthat this district suffered second 
highest as to the number of cases, and un- 
paralleled in the rate of mortality—96.2 
At Vienna, Austria, in 1877, an epidemic 
of small-pox prevailed, numbering in the 
ten districts of that city, 1,749 cases and 
564 deaths, as we have already seen, but as 
there was. on this occasion, no opportunity 
to charge this occurrence to an “ importa- 
tion,” in subserviance to the alma mater, it 
is stated, that it was one of the subsequent 
epidemics of which the ‘1 germs of infec- 
tion ” had remained over in several of the 
districts from 1872,* and again vaccination 
and revaccination had been urged, as also 
performed, most assiduously. But no bet- 
ter illustration could be adduced in proof 
of the signal failure of the “protective 
powrer” of vaccination against small-pox, 
than the reproduction of the statistical data 
contained in the annual report of the 
“ Stadtf3rsikat ” of Vienna for 1877, p. 45. 
There it is stated that 14,195 primary vac- 
cinations had been performed, and 1,022 
revaccinations. The number of primary 
vaccinations exceeded that of the year 
previous (1875) by 4,368. 
Now in special reference to the fifth dis- 
trict, which is classified as the least cared 
per cent. 
These records of Vienna also corroborate 
the great truths that small-pox morbidity 
and mortality can not be affected by vac- 
cination, but that they are on a parallel— 
even proportionately—with poverty and 
ignorance, in comparison to where comfort 
of life and a higher rate of intelligence are 
enjoyed. These facts precisely correspond 
with those already indicated above, of 
Philadelphia and Berlin, and demonstrate 
the fallacy of indiscriminate statistical 
data which are based onty on the perform- 
ance or omission of vaccination. The 
observance of vaccination and revaccina- 
tion is a matter of incidentality, as the 
wealthier and better educated class does 
not omit it mainly from fear, as we know, 
and the class of the proletory and unedu- 
cated neglect it from want of means and 
from indifference. But the following table 
affords the proof that vaccination is devoid 
even of a shadow of prophylactic influence 
against small-pox, and the data of the 
fifth district, where the “ protective influ- 
ence ” of vaccination was with the greatest 
assiduity “ brought to those in need of 
protection,” the fact of the most untoward 
results is demonstrated. 
for, but it is reported that 1,457 primary 
vaccinations were there performed, against 
784 the year previous, inducing to the self- 
congratulation : “ the spreading of small- 
pox was thus most energetically counter- 
acted,”! and then comparing the lists of 
small-pox morbidity and mortality, the 
Morbidity and mortality of small-pox at 
Vienna in 1877 of all the districts : 
Morbidity. Moi’tality. 
First District 39 4 
Second District 290 56 
Third District 356 70 
Fourth District 163' 35 
Fifth District 292 281 
Sixth District 160 41 
Seventh District 191 32 
Eighth District 79 13 
Ninth District 71 14 
Tenth District 88 18 
Totals .1,749 564 
* Jahresbericht ect. 1877, page 62. These mis- 
representations find their analogy in the explana- 
tion of the reoccurrence of yellow feyer at Mem- 
phis; in 1879, by the national health authorities. 
By them it was also asserted that the “germs of 
infection ” had remained over from the epidemic 
of the year previous. Also bv the report of the 
“Scientific Commission” (Deputation), appointed 
for the purpose, to state that “ vaccination pro- 
tected and never injured,” to afford a basis for 
passing the compulsory vaccination law of the 
German Empire. 
f The importance of the subject will justify the 
reproduction of the whole sentence in the original 
tongue: “Es ist aber durch diesen Aufschwung 
in der oeffentlichen gerade in den von 
den aermsten Bewohnern die Wahlthat des Blat- 
terschutzes von den Sanitaetsorganen sozusegen 
entgegengebracht und dadurch der Blatternver- 
breitung in den verwahrlosesten und am dichtesten 
bewohnten Staelten energisch entgegengearbeited 
worden.” P. 48. Also compare pp. 45, 114, 116. 
Now, in conclusion, in view of the patho- 
chemical action of variola, and the danger 
and utter futility of vaccination, above 
abundantly set forth, must not, then, its 
claimed “ protection” against small-pox be 
regarded as a vanity, and its continued 
practice a crime ? 
St. Louis, 1302 S. Fifth street.