Surgeon General’s Conference on Agricultural Safety and Health FaRMSAFE 2000 « A National Coalition for Local Action Convened by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health April 30 - May 3, 1991, Des Moines, lowa NATIONAL PARTICIPANTS ~” Figure 1. The 41 States That Were Represented by Participants at the Conference. ALABAMA Petree teeter eee tree ee ree orn POA AAA eH e a ARIZONA Mr. Henry Miles, Sr. ALASKA Sevnseneeseosnetsentonivesauesnseevcennsuncontesnente FEA Adveor fh rresrremnene Mr, Lance Flueget Paramount High School Mr. Richard Kennedy - Safety Coordinator P. ©. Box 188 Statistician Arizona Cooperative Extension Boligee, AL 35443 NIOSH, CDC 222A Forbes Building 3601 C. Street, Suite 250 Tucson, AZ 85721 Mr. Jimmy Moore Anchorage, AK 99503 FFA Safety Chairperson Paramount High School Mr. Robert Seay ARKANSAS | / P.O. Box 188 County Extension Agent conrrneectrearterste rena owrennnenuensenevneseerse Boligee, AL 35443 Cooperative Extension Service Mr. Jim Wohlleb 1204 SW 14th Street Assistant Director Mr. Charles B. Ogburn Bentonville, AK 72712 Arkansas Area Health Extension Agricultural Engineer 4123 South University Alabama Cooperative Extension Little Rock, AR 72205 Service, Auburn University Room 218, Agricultural Engineering Building Auburn, AL 36849 Surgeon General's Conference on Agricultural Safety and Health - 1991 601 National Participants Dr. Carol Conroy Occupational Epiderniologist California Occupational Health Program 2151 Berkeley Way, Annex 11 Berkeley, CA 94704 Dr. David F. Goldsmith University of California, Davis Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine ITEH Davis, CA 95616 Mr. Gene F. Graham Assistant Program Director W.K. Kellogg Foundation 1111 N. Dartmouth Ave, Apt 205 Clairemont, CA 91711 Mr. James Grieshop Specialist, Applied Behavioral Sciences University of California Department of Applied Behavioral Sciences Davis, CA 95616 Mr. Kevin Kokrda Engineering Admininistrative Manager Kubota Tractor Corporation 550 W. Artesia Boulevard Compton, CA 90220-7020 Mr. Neil Maizlish Epidemiologist California Occupational Health Program 2251 Berkeley Way, Annex 11 Berkeley, CA 94704 Mr. Craig Merrilees Special Projects Director National Toxics Campaign and Consumer Pesticide Project 425 Mississippi Street San Francisco, CA 94107 Dr. James M. Meyers Agricultural Health Specialist University of California, Berkeley 322 Warren Hall Berkeley, CA 94720 570/ 642-8375 570/ 642-5815 - FAX Dr. John Miles University of California, Davis Agricultural Engineering Department Davis, CA 95616 Mr. Dalton Paxman University of California, Berkeley 322 Warren Hall Berkeley, CA 94720 602 Dr. Mare Schenker University of California, Davis Agricultural Health and Safety Center Davis, CA 95616 Dr. William E. Steinke Extension Agricultural Engineer Agricultural Engineering Extension University of California Davis, CA 95616 Mr. Don Villarejo Executive Director California Institute for Rural Studies P.O. Box 2143 Davis, CA 95617 Mr. Robert Wagner Director, Agricultural Safety Zenith Insurance Company 226 Airport Parkway San Jose, CA 95110 Ms. Ellen G. Widess Director of Health and Safety Policy Children’s Advocacy Institute Suite 340 1160 Battery Stret, Suite 340 San Francisco, CA 94111 Ms. Melanie Zavala Farm Worker Safety Coordinator University of California, Davis IPM Education and Publications Davis, CA 95616-8620 COLORAD Mr. .Paui D. Ayers Colorado State Department of Agricultural and Chemical Engineering Ft. Collins, CO 80523 Ms. Lela K. Criswell Epidemiology Colorado State University Department of Environmental Health Ft. Collins, CO 80523 Mr. Bill Daniels Regional Representative Public Health Service Region 8 1961 Stout Street Denver, CO 80227 Dr. Lorann Stallones Associate Professor Department of Environmental Health Colorado State Fort Collins, CO 80523 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Ms. Judith Bowers Head, Public Affairs Communication, information, and Technology Unit 3331 South Building Washington, DC 20250-0900 Ms. Carmen Calhoun Assistant to the Director National Association of Wheat Growers Foundation 415 Second Street, N.E. Washington, DC 20002 Dr. David J. Cochran Industrial Engineer 175 Nebraska Hall Lincoln, NE 68588-0518 Ms. Cynthia Douglass 401 M. Street, SW OS-120 Washington, DC 20460 Mr. Tom Harkin U.S. Senator State of lowa University SH531 Hart Senate Office Building Washington, DC 20510-1502 Dr. Myron D. Johnsrud Administrator, Extension Service USDA Room 338 A, Administration Building Washington, DC 20250-0900 Dr, Daniel E. Kugler Director, Office of Agricultural Materials USDA 14th and Independence Avenue, SW, Aerospace Center 342 Washington, DC 20250-2200 Mr. Stephen Mallinger Deputy Director of Technical Support OSHA, US Department of Labor 200 Constitution Avenue, NW Room N3653 Washington, DC 20210 Dr. J. Michael McGinnis Deputy Assistant Secretary for Health DHHS 330 C Street, SW, Room 2132 Washington, DC 20201 Mr. Joseph M. Miller Bureau of Census Agriculture Division 426 lWverson Building Washington, DC 20715 Papers and Proceedings Dr. Antonia C. Novello Surgeon General USPHS The Hubert Humphrey Building Room 710G 200 Independence, SW Washington, DC 20201 Ms. Joann Orr National Aerial Agricultural Association 1005 E Street, SE Washington, DC 20003 Mr. Vernon Orr President National Agricultural Aviation Association 1005 E Street, SE Washington, DC 20003 Mr. Bradley K. Rein USDA Extension Service Agricultural Programs Room 3346, S. Building Washington, DC 20250-0900 Dr. Jane Rissler Biotechnology Specialist National Wildlife Federation 1400 16th Street, NW Washington, DC 20036 Mr, Randall Rutta Director of Governmental Affairs National Easter Seai Society 1350 NY Avenue, NW, Suite 415 Washington, DC 20005 Mr. Thomas Seymour Deputy Director of Safety OSHA, US Department of Labor 200 Constitution Avenue, NW Room N3605 Washington, DC 20210 Dr. Louis W. Sullivan Secretary of Health and Human Services 200 Independence Avenue, SW Room 615F Washington, DC 20201 Dr. Leslie Whitener Leader, Agricultural Labor Section USDA 1301 New York Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20005 Ms. Valerie A. Wilk Health Specialist Farm Worker Justice Fund, Inc. 2001 S. Street, NW, Suite 210 Washington, DC 20009 Surgeon General’s Conference on Agricultural Safety and Health - 1991 FLORIDA Mr. Arturo Lopez Executive Director Coalition of Florida Farmworker Organizations P.O. Box 326 Homestead, FL GEORGIA. Ms. Diane Allen NIOSH, CDC Room 3066, MS D-26 Atlanta, GA 30333 Ms. Jennifer L. Ballew NIOSH, CDC Room 3417, MS D-32 Atlanta, GA 30333 Ms. Kimberly L. Barth NIOSH, CDC Room 3043, MS D-26 Atlanta, GA 30333 Mr. Paul Burlack Public Health Advisor CDC Koger Center, 1045, MS F-36 Atlanta, GA 30333 Ms. Glenda Cowart Office of the Director cdc Room 2011, MS D-15 Atlanta, GA 30333 Ms. Ann Cronin NIOSH, CDC Room 3124, MS D-36 Atlanta, GA 30333 Ms. Brooke Dixon Director, Georgia Migrant Health and Agricultural Surveillance Program Georgia Division of Public Health 1190 Winding Branch Circle Dunwoody, GA 30338 Ms. Betty Dryden NIOSH, CDC Room 3067, MS D-26 Atlanta, GA 30333 Mr. Brian Dugan NIOSH, CDC Room 3423, MS D-32 Atlanta, GA 30333 Participants Dr. Richard L. Ehrenberg NIOSH, CDC Room 3047, MS D-26 Atlanta, GA 30333 Dr. Roy M. Fleming Associate Director for Grants NIOSH, CDC Room 3057, MS D-30 Atlanta, GA 30333 Mr. William Gimson Deputy Director Office of Program Support, CDC Financial Management Office Buckhead, 200, MS E-12 Atlanta, GA 30333 Ms. Mary Griffin NIOSH, CDC Room 3112, MS D-36 Atlanta, GA 30333 Mr. Tim Groza NIOSH, CDC Room 3040 MS D-29 Atlanta, GA 30333 Ms. Denise Johnson Public Health Advisor CDC 1600 Clifton Road, NE Atlanta, GA 30333 Ms. Joyce A. Johnson NIOSH, CDC Room 3040, MS D-29 Atlanta, GA 30333 Mr. Ted Katz NIOSH, CDC Room 3116, MS D-36 Atlanta, GA 30333 Ms. Evelyn Lemelin Program Analyst NIOSH, CDC Room 3040, MS D-29 Atlanta, GA 30333 Dr. Richard A. Lemen Deputy Director NIOSH, CDC Room 3007, MS D-36 Atlanta, GA 30333 Dr. Eugene J. Lengerich Epidemiologist CDC, CCDPHP Chamblee, 1019, MS F-13 Atlanta, GA 30333 Mrs. Joan P. Millar 3243 Wake Robbin Trail, NE Atlanta, GA 30341 603 National Particlpants Dr. J. Donald Millar Director NIOSH, CDC Room 3007, MS D-36 Atlanta, GA 30333 Ms. Barbara Morrison Program Analyst NIOSH, CDC Room 3040, MS D-29 Atlanta, GA 30333 Mrs, Annette B. Myers 1293 Berkley Road Avondale Estates, GA 30002-1517 Mr. Melvin L. Myers Special Assistant to the Director NIOSH, CDC Room 3041, MS D-26 Atlanta, GA 30333 Ms. Barbara Nelson Program Analyst NIOSH, CDC Room 3040, MS D-29 Atlanta, GA 30333 Mr. Claude F. Pickeisimer, Jr. Director, FMO CDC Buckhead, 200, MS E-12 Atlanta, GA 30333 Dr. Patricia H. Price Medical Officer ATSDR Executive Park, MS E-33 Atlanta, GA 30333 Dr. William L. Roper Director, CDC Room 2000, MS D-14 Atlanta, GA 30333 Mr. Sven J. Rundman, ill OSHA, U.S. Department of Labor 1375 Peachtree Street, NE Room 587 Atlanta, GA 30367 Mr. Stan Salisbury Regional Program Consultant Public Health Service Region IV 101 Marietta Tower Atlanta, GA 30323 Ms. Ann Smith Program Analyst NIOSH, CDC Room 3040, MS D-29 Atlanta, GA 30333 604 Mr. Larry W. Sparks NIOSH, COC Room 3104, MS D-36 Atlanta, GA 30333 Ms. Gwendolyn L, Strickland Senior Attorney CDC, Office of the General Counsel Room 4017, MS C-05 Atlanta, GA 30333 Ms, Newell B. Tozzer Program Analyst NIOSH, CDC Room 3040, MS D-29 Atlanta, GA 30333 Mr. Bobby L. Tyson Extension Engineer University of GA Athens, GA 30602 Ms. Barbara Wedding NIOSH, CDC Room 3053, MS D-30 Atlanta, GA 30333 Ms. Katherine Wilson Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion CDC Koger Center, 4102, MS K-46 Atlanta, GA 30333 Ms. Rebecca B. Woif Program Analyst CDC, OPPE Room 2050, MS D-23 Atlanta, GA 30333 WOAH Mr. Larry Belmont Director, Idaho Panhandle Health District 1 2195 Ironwood Court Coeur d'Alene, 1D 83814 Dr. Jim Berry Director, Production Research Rogers NK Seed Company 6338 Highway 20-26 Nampa, !D 83687 Mr. Tom Karskey Extension Farm Safety Specialist University of Idaho Agricultural Engineering Department Moscow, ID 83843 Mr. Ryan Kuehmichel OSHA U.S. Department of Labor 3050 North Lakeharbor Lane Sulte 134 Boise, |D 83703 ILLINOIS Mr. Kevin Adolphson Commercial Loss Control Coordinator Country Companies 1705 Towanda Avenue Bloomington, IL 61702-2100 Dr. Robert Aherin Professor, Department of Agricultural Engineering University of Illinois 1304 West Pennsylvania Avenue Urbana, IL 61801 Or. Walter J. Armbruster Associate Managing Director Farm Foundation 1211 W. 22nd Street, #216 Oak Brook, IL 60521-2197 Mr. L. Dale Baker Product Safety Engineer Jl Case Company 7 South 600 County Line Road Hinsdale, IL 60521 Mr. Emmett Barker President Equipment Manufacturers institute 10 South Riverside Plaza Suite 1220 Chicago, IL 60606-3710 Ms. Page L. Bellinger Manager of Product Safety and Engineering Standards Deere and Company John Deere Road Moline, IL 61265 Mr. James F. Bennett Farm and Industrial Equipment Manufacturer's Institute 10 South Riverside Plaza, Suite 1220 Chicago, IL 606Q6-3710 Mr. Stanley Bozdech Assistant Manager of Engineering Dekalb Plant Genetics 3100 Sycamore Road Dekalb, IL 60115 Papers and Proceedings Mr. Jack W. Burke Program Manager Agricultural Safety National Safety Council 444 North Michigan Avenue Chicago, IL 60611 Dr. Wade P. Clarke Director, Government Affairs Deere and Company John Deere Road Moline, IL 61265 Mr. John H. Crowley Director Safety Programs Equipment Manufacturers Institute 10 South Riverside Plaza, Suite 1220 Chicago, IL 60606-3710 Ms. Belinda Dehart Illinois Department of Public Health Center for Rural Health 535 W. Jefferson Springfield, IL 62761 Mr. Richard De Pauw Product Safety Coordinator John Deere Harvester Works PDD 1800 158th Street East Moline, IL 61244 Dr. Gary Erisman Private Farmer P.O. Box 278 Stanford, IL 61774 Ms. Elizabeth Esseks Graduate Student University of {Ilnois Department of Health and Safety Studies 121 Huff Hall, 1206 S. Fourth Street Champaign, IL 61820 Ms, Theresa Foes Director of Health Education Rock Island County Health Department 2122 25th Avenue Rock Island, IL 61207 Mr. Joseph A. Kinney Executive Director National Safe Workplace Institute 122 §. Michigan Avenue, Suite 1450 Chicago, IL 60603 Mr. Mark Landmark Director of Safety American Farm Bureau Federation 225 Toughy Avenue Park Ridge, IL 60068 Surgeon General’s Conference on Agricultural Safety and Health - 1991 Mr. Terry L. Loughrin Product Engineering Manager Walterscheid, Inc. 16 W 030 83rd Street Burr Ridge, IL 60521 Mr. Murray D. Madsen Product Safety Engineer for Agriculture Equipment Deere and Company Product Safety and Engineering Standards Moline, IL 61265 Ms. Judy Marshall Writer Deere and Company dohn Deere Road Moline, |L 61265 Mr. Shane Miller Route 1, Box 228 Tolono, iL 61880 Ms. Leslie Nickels Project Director University of Illinois 815 W. Van Buren, Suite 214 Chicago, IL 60607 Mr. Keith Pfundstein Owner KPS Technology 3714 44th Street Rock Island, IL 61201 Ms. Marsha Purcell Director of Program Development American Farm Bureau Federation 225 Touhy Avenue Park Ridge, IL 60068 Ms. Barbara |. Riordan Childhood Injury Prevention Consultant lltinois Dept of Public Health 2009 Glenview Road Rockford, IL 61107 Mr. Dave Schmerse Project Manager, Product Safety Deere and Company John Deere Road Moline, iL 61265 Mr. Doug Sommer District Coordinator of Community Education Country Companies Box 2020 Bloomington, IL 61701 Participants Mr. Mike Tumbleson University of Illinois Veternary Medicine Basic Science Building, Room 3217 2001 S. Lincoln Avenus Urbana, IL 61801 Mr. James Westaby University of Illinois Department of Agricultural Engineering 1304 W. Pennsylvania Avenue Urbana, IL 61801 Mr. James L. Williams Associate Director Community Education Country Companies 1701 Towanda Avenue P.O. Box 2020 Bloomington, IL 61701 Mr. Ted O. Yanecek Legislative Counsel Deere and Company John Deere Road Moline, IL 61265 INDIANA Mr. Tracy Mefford FFA President Southwestern- Hanover FFA Route 5, Box 222 Madison, IN 47250 Or. Robert R. Pinger Director Public Health Entomology Laboratory Ball State Muncie, IN 47306 Mr. Ken Salkeld FFA Advisor Southwestern FFA Route 1, Box 473 D Lexington, IN 47138 Mr. Mark Timm President National FFA Organization Route 1, Box 20AA Fillmore, IN 46128 VOWA enenneneunne Ms. Marilyn Adams President Farm Safety for “Just Kids" P.O. Box 458 Earlham, IA 50072 605 National Participants Mr. Eugene L. Ahrenholtz Vice President of Operations Clean Air Filter Company Route 1, Box 18 Defiance, [A 51527 Mr. Dale &. Anthony Agricultural Injury Investigator lowa Department of Public Health 321 E. 12th Street, Lucas Building Des Moines, IA 50319-0075 Mr. Christopher Atchison Director lowa Department of Public Health 321 E. 12th Street, Lucas Building Des Moines, IA 50319 Mr. Lawrence E. Barker Director Scott County Health Department 428 Western Avenue Davenport, IA 52801 Ms. Marcia A. Barrett Agricultural Occupational Health Nurse MMSC AgriCare 3 South 4th Avenue Marshalltown, IA 50158 Ms. Marlene Beckman EMS Supervisor Southeastern Community College Route 1, Box 85 Mediopolis, !|A 52637 Dr. Jack Beno Associate Professor for Occupational Safety and Health lowa State 122 Industrial ED and Tech II Ames, IA 50011 Ms. Norma Bettis Administrative Assistant lowa-Nebraska Farm Engineering Association 1311 50th Street Des Moines, IA 50265 Ms. Sarah Black Rural Initiative Coordinator lowa Methodist Health System 1200 Pleasant Street Des Moines, IA 50309 Ms. Nancy Boettger Director of Education and Resource Development Myrtue Memorial Hospital 1213 Garfield Harlan, IA 51537 606 Mr. Dennis Bradley Registered Nurse Mercy Health Center Mercy Drive Dubuque, IA 52001 Mr. Donald R. Bradiey Director, EMSLRC University of lowa Hospitals 5367 UCP lowa City, IA 52242 Mr. John Bremhurst Industrial Hygienist U.S. Department of Labor 4301 69th Urbandale, IA 50322 Ms. Mary J. Buchele President Buchele Associates, Ltd. 239 Parkridge Circle Ames, IA 50010 Dr. Wesley F, Buchele Professor Emeritus of Agricultural Engineering Buchele Associates, Ltd. 239 Parkridge Circle Ames, !A 50010 Mr. James Cain Energy Specialist lowa State Extension EES Building, Harbor Road Ames, IA 50011 Mr. Roger Chapman lowa Disability Prevention Project lowa Department of Public Health 460 Henry Mall Des Moines, IA 53704 Mr. Kenneth Choquette lowa Department of Public Health Lucas State Office Building Des Moines, IA 50316 Ms. Peggy Clarahan Nurse Consultant lowa Dept of Public Health, OHNAC 1804 Hemlock Atlantic, IA 50022 Ms. Kathy Comito Network Coordinator Mercy Hospital 6th and University Des Moines, lA 50312 Ms. Sharon Cook Program Planner lowa Department of Public Health 321 E. 12th Street Des Moines, iA 50319 Mr. Thomas Cook Professor University of lowa 2633 Syeindler Building lowa City, IA 52242 Ms. Debbi Cooper Administrator Assistant lowa Department of Public Health Lucas Building Des Moines, IA 50319 Mr. Ray H. Crammond Consulting Engineer Crammond Engineering Company 217 Center Street, P.O. Box 197 Elgin, A 52141 Dr. Russell Currier Bureau Chief of Environmental Epidemiology and Chronic Diseases lowa Department of Public Health Lucas State Office Building Des Moines, [A 50319-0075 Mr. Mark Dagoberg President Methodist Health Network of lowa 1200 Pleasant Street Des Moines, !A 50309 Mr. L. Graham Dameron Director Johnson County Department of Public Health 1105 Gilbert Court lowa City, IA 52240 Mr. W.M. Davis Box 421 Ottomwa, IA 52501 Or. E. Elaine De Boef Occupational Nurse Consultant lowa State Departmeny of Public Heaith, Disease Prevention Route 1, Box 59 Pella, IA 50219 Ms. Pam Delagardelle Director Farm Partners Sartori Memorial Hospital 6th and College Cedar Falls, IA 50613 Dr. Pat DeSotel ER Supervisor Washington County Hospital Route 3 Washington, IA 52353 Papers and Proceedings Mr. Gary DiGiuseppe NAFB Farm Safety Chairman KWMT Radio Box 578 Fort Dodge, !A 50501 Dr. Kelley J. Donham Professor Department of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health University of lowa College of Medicine lowa City, IA 52242 Mr. John P. Dorrian Mayor City of Des Moines 400 E. 1st Des Moines, IA 50309 Ms. Diane Dotson Network Coordinator Mercy Hospital Medical Center 6th and Des Moines, IA 50314 Mr. Gary L. Downey Assistant Vice President of Industry Relations Grinneil Mutual Reinsurance Company 1-80 at Highway 146 Grinnell, (A 50112 Dr. Ronald D. Eckoff Director, Division of Family and Community Health lowa Department of Public Health Lucas Building Des Moines, IA 50319 Ms. Elizabeth Elliott Associate Vice Provost for Extension lowa State University 110 Curtiss Hall Ames, IA 50011 Dr. LJ. Filer Professor of Pediatrics University of lowa College of Medicine lowa City, 1A 52242 Mr. Tom Filer Sales Manager Des Moines Marriott 700 Grand Avenue Des Moines, IA 50309 Ms. Charlene Finck Machinery Editor Farm Journal 3211 Sheridan Avenue Des Moines, IA 50310 Surgeon General’s Conference on Agricultural Safety and Health - 1991 Mr. Raymond W. Forsythe Director of Safety Farm Bureau Mutual Insurance Company 5400 University West Des Moines, IA 50265 Mr. Dan Frieberg Executive Vice President lowa Fertilizer and Chemical Association 900 Des Moines Street, Suite 150 Des Moines, IA 50309 Dr. Laurence Fuortes University of lowa lowa City, IA 52242 Ms. Jane Gatzke Safety Administrative Assistant Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. 4445 Corporate Drive, Box 6500 West Des Moines, IA 50265 Ms. Jane Gay Project Coordinator AMPF - Oakdale University of lowa lowa City, A 52242 Dr. James Gilley Head Professor Agricultural Engineering Department lowa State University Ames, !A 50011 Mr. Rodney Goodwin Director of Research National Pork Producers Council Box 10383 Des Moines, !A 50306 Dr. Thomas H. Greiner Associate Professor, Agricultural Engineering Department lowa State University 200 C Davidson Hall Ames, lA 50011-3080 Mr. Alonzo L. Griffin OSHA, U.S. Department of Labor 210 Wainut Street Des Moines, !A 50309 Mr. John Haan Industrial Hygienist lowa Division of Labor 3804 1ith Street Des Moines, IA 50313 Ms. Charlotte Halverson Rural Outwash Coordinator Mercy Health Center Mercy Drive Dubuque, IA 52001 Participants Mr. Monte Hamilton Paramedic Mary Greeley Medical Center 117 11th Street Ames, 1A 50010 Mr. Mark Hanna Extension Agriculture Engineer lowa State University 200 Davidson Hail Ames, IA 50011 Ms. Marcia Heggen Director Occupational Health and Wellness - Agricare 350 4th Avenue Marshalltown, lA 50158 Mr. Brian Herbst Senior industrial Hygienist lowa Division of Labor 1000 East Grand Des Moines, IA 50319 Ms. Marilyn Hibbs Director of Communications Time Frame Productions 3305 104th Street Des Moines, |A 50322 Mr. Charles Hooper Senior Industrial Hygienist lowa Division of Labor 1000 East Grand Des Moines, IA 50319-0209 Ms. Sue Ellen Hosch University of lowa Occupational Medicine Clinic C 33-GH lowa City, IA 52242 Ms. Kathy Houser L & W Feeders Route 1, Box 51 Watkins, IA 52354 Mr. Thomas J. Ilax Environmental Coordinator lowa State University 204 Davidson Hall Ames, IA 50010 Ms. Anne Jackson Industrial Hygienist lowa Division of Labor 1000 E. Grand Avenue Des Moines, IA 50319 Ms. Sheryl Jenko President lowa FFA Association Box 400, 301 Center Avenue, S. Mitchellville, |A 50169 607 National Participants Mr. Dale Johnson Director of Publications lowa Farm Bureau 5400 University West Des Moines, IA 50265 Mr. Jeff Jones Safety Engineer OSHA, U.S. Department of Labor 210 Walnut, Room 815 Des Moines, IA 50309 Ms. Shirley K. Jones Coordinator SPRAINS lowa Department of Public Health Lucas Building Des Maines, IA 50319-0075 Mr. Troy Karns The Greater Des Moines Convention and Visitors Bureau Tow Ruan Center 601 Locust Street, Suite 200-H Des Moines, IA 50309 Ms. Bonnie Kay Director of Occupational Health American Lung Association of lowa 1025 Ashworth Road, Suite 410 West Des Moines, IA 50265 Ms. Tracy Keninger Rural Rehabilitation Specialist Easter Seals Farm Program 8432 Franklin, #19 Des Moines, IA 50325 Mr. Craig T. Keough EMS Field Consultant Mercy Health Center Mercy Drive Dubuque, |A §2001 Ms. Carolyn Kern Nursing instructor lowa Methodist Medical Center 12th and Pleasant Des Moines, IA 50309 Ms. Janet Kinney National Board Member Communicating for Agriculture Route 3, Box 41 Alden, IA 50006 Mr. Michael David Kramer University of lowa Department of Preventive Medicine lowa City, IA 52242 Mr. Burton C. Kross Associate Director University of lowa lowa City, IA 52242 608 Ms. Wendy E. Kuhse Nurse Consultant lowa State Department of Public Health 203 Benton Street Garnavillo, IA 52049 Ms. Barbara Lacina Research Assistant University of lowa lowa City, IA 52242 Ms. Diane Lanning Administrator Humboldt County Public Health Nursing Services Courthouse Dakota City, IA 50529 Mr. Charles Larson Farm Program lowa Easter Seals Box 4002 Des Moines, IA 50333 Mr. C.W. Lawrence Farm Safety for “Just Kids" 130 E. 1st Street Earlham, IA 50072 Ms. Carol Lehtola Agricultural Engineer lowa State University 102 Davidson Hall Ames, !A 50011 Ms. Stephanie Leonard Industrial Hygienist University of lowa 124 AMRF lowa City, IA 52242 Ms. Linda Leverenz Educations Specialist University of lowa 104 AMRF - Oakdale lowa City, IA 52242 Dr. Leonard A. Levy Dean University of Osteopathic Med and Sci/Coll of Podiatric Med Surgery 2150 Grand Avenue Des Moines, IA 50312 Ms. Mary Q. Lewis Research Assistant University of lowa Department of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health 206 AMRF lowa City, IA 52319 Dr. Louise Lex State Health Planner lowa Department of Public Health Lucas Building Des Moines, 1A 50319 Ms. Shirley Long Writer The Write Touch 306 NW Bayberry Ankemy, IA 50021 Ms. Barbara J. Lykins Director Women’s Activities and Consumer Education fowa Farm Bureau Federation 5400 Avenue West Des Moines, IA 50265 Ms. Juleea Martindale Grants Coordinator Mercy Hospital Medical Center 6th and University Des Moines, 1A 50314-3190 Mr. Dennis McClure Safety Coordinator United AgriSeeds Box 637 Marshalltown, IA 50158 Ms. Lois McDermott Registered Nurse Agricultural Health and Safety Route 2, Box 165 Harlan, IA 51537 Ms. Monica McGregor Greene County 4-H Club Route 2, Box 105 Jefferson, IA 50129 Dr. Kris Melntee Nurse Consultant lowa State Dept of Health Disease Prevention 2625 West Fourth Street Waterloo, IA 50701 Ms. Karen McMahon Contributing Editor Hogs Today Magazine 1221 Oak Park Boulevard Cedar Falls, IA 50613 Mr. Al Meier Commissioner Division of Labor 1000 E. Grand Des Moines, IA 50319 Papers and Proceedings Dr. James A. Merchant Director, Institute of Agricultural Medicine and Occupational Health University of lowa AMRF, Oakdale Campus lowa City, IA 52242 Mr. Vernon M. Meyer Professor lowa State University 201 Davidson Hall Ames, IA 50011-3080 Ms. Elizabeth Ruth Miller Assistant Resident Scientist Institute for Agricultural Medicine University of lowa AMRF, Oakdale Campus lowa City, IA 52242 Ms. Malinda Miller Field Editor lowa Farmer Today P.O. Box 5279 Cedar Rapids, IA 52406 Mr. Jerry L. Miner Safety Manager Pioneer Hi-Bred 4445 Corporate Drive, Box 6500 West Des Moines, IA 50265 Ms. Linda Moyna Director of Communications Health Education Ellsworth Municipal Hospital 110 Rocksyivania lowa Falls, 1A 50126 Mr. Joseph L. Mullen industrial Hygienist OSHA 1000 E. Grand Des Moines, IA 50319 Mr. Cliff Mullenberg OSHA 1000 E. Grand Des Moines, IA 50319 Mr. Don Nanneman Occupational Health Nurse Centra! lowa Association of Occupational Health Nurses 212 E. Clay Osceola, IA 50213 Mr. Jens Nissen Industrial Hygienist lowa Division of Labor 1000 E. Grand Des Moines, IA 50319 Surgeon General’s Conference on Agricultural Safety and Health - 1991 Ms. Nancy A. Norman Associate Director Rural Health Research Center lowa State University 1085 Elim Hail Ames, IA 50011 Ms. Linda Ogilvie University of lowa Department of Preventive Medicine AMRF, Oakdale Campus lowa City, IA 52242 Dr. Gayle Olson Program Assistant Institute of Agricultural Medicine and Occupational Health University of lowa, Oakdale Campus Winfield, IA 52242 Mr. Ted Ondracek Senior Industrial Hygienist lowa Division of Labor 1000 E. Grand Des Moines, IA 50319 Mr. Howard Oudman Research Assistant lowa State University 925 Arizona Avenue Ames, IA 50011 Mr. Shashi H. Patel Industrial Hygienist lowa Division of Labor 1000 East Grand Avenue Des Moines, IA 50319 Mr. Merlin Plagge President lowa Farm Bureau Federation 5400 Avenue West Des Moines, IA 50265 Dr. William Popendorf Professor Institute of Agricultural Medicine University of lowa 134 AMRF lowa City, IA 52319 Mr. Jim Probasco Industrial Hygienist lowa Division of Labor 1000 East Grand Des Moines, IA 50316 Dr. August Raiston Professor, College of Business lowa State 368 Carver Hall Ames, IA 50011 Participants Mr. Maurice Rarick industrial Hygienist lowa Division of Labor 1000 East Grand Avenue Des Moines, IA 50316 Mr. Robert D. Ray Chairman, National Advisory Committee on Rural Health Policy Blue Cross/Blue Shield of lowa 636 Grand Avenue Des Moines, !A 50309 Mr. Craig Redshaw Executive Director American Lung Association of lowa 1025 Ashworth Road, #410 West Des Moines, IA 50265 Mr. David Rosenau Industrial Hygienist Univresity of lowa 124 AMRF Oakdale, IA 52319 Dr. Eric Saikaly Doctor MacFarland Clinic 3012 Norbridge Parkway Ames, IA 50010 Dr. Heidi Saikaly Epidemiologist MacFarland Clinic 3012 Norbridge Parkway Ames, IA 50010 Mr. Steve Schaaf Environmental Affairs Manager Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. 7301 NW 62nd Avenue Johnston, IA 50131 Ms. Leah Schade Safety Inspector lowa Division of Labor 1000 East Grand Des Moines, IA 53019 Mr. Charles V, Schwab Assistant Professor lowa State University 207 Davidson Hall Ames, IA 50011 Mr. Dennis Schwitters lowa-Nebraska Farm Equipment Association 1311 50th Street, P.O. Box 65840 West Des Moines, IA 50265-0840 609 National Participants Dr. Mustafa Selim Assistant Professor University of lowa 137 AMRF lowa City, [A 52242 Ms. Carolyn Sheridan AgriSafe Spencer Municipal Hospital 1113 First Avenue East Spencer, IA 51301 Ms. Ann Short lowa Department of Public Health 321 East 12th Lucas Building Des Moines, IA 50319 Mr. Daryl Siebens Vice President 1A Farm Bureau Route 1, Box 155 Akron, IA 51001 Ms. Carol L. Sipfle Director of Programs American Lung Association of lowa 1025 Ashworth Road, Suite 140 Des Moines, IA 50265 Mr. Stephen J. Slater Senior Industrial Hygienist lowa Department of Labor 1000 East Grand Des Moines, IA 50319 Dr. Steve Soderlund Director, Product Development and Regulatory Affairs Microbial Genetics, A Division of Pioneer Hi-Bred International 4601 Westown Parkway, Suite 120 West Des Moines, IA 50265 Ms. Dorothy Sonksen Wellness Coordinator Burgess Memorial Hospital 1600 Diamond Avenue Onawa, IA 51040 Mr. Art Spies Vice President lowa Hospital Association 100 East Grand, Suite 100 Des Moines, IA 50309 Ms. Connie Stangl AgriSafe Spencer Municipal Hospital 1113 1st Avenue East Spencer, iA 50515 610 Ms. Chrystal Stanley Assistant Director Easter Seal Farm Program P.O. Box 4002 Des Moines, IA 50333 Ms. Michelle Stirling Community Health Educator Eldora Regional Medical Center 2413 Edgington Avenue Eldora, IA 50126 Ms. Janis Stone Extension Specialist lowa State University 141 Le Baron Hall Ames, IA 50014 Ms. Cathy Stotts Director Clinical Services Lucas County Health Center Route 3, P.O. Box 43A Chariton, IA 50042 Mr. James Strohman Executive Assistant lowa Attorney General’s Office Hoover State Office Building Des Moines, IA 50319-0114 Mr. Michael L. Swanson Loss Control Manager Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. 6800 Pioneer Parkway Box 212 Johnston, |A 50131 Ms. Cheryl Tevis Senior Farm Issue Editor Successful Farming Magazine Meredith Corporation, 1716 Locust Des Moines, IA 50336 Ms. Connie Thompson Director and Nurse of the Agricultural Health and Safety Center Myrtue Memorial Hospital Route 2, Box 57 Harian, IA 51528 Dr. Peter S. Thorne Institute of Agricultural Medicine and Occupational Health University of lowa lowa City, IA 52242-5000 Mr. Robin Ungar Program Associate University of lowa lowa City, IA 52240 Ms. Terrie Urban Weltness Coordinator Montgomery County Memorial Hospital 2301 Eastern Avenue Red Oak, 1A 51566 Ms. Stephanie Vanlier Director Grant Programs Mercy Hospital Medical Center Mercy Foundation Sixth and University Des Moines, IA 50314-3190 Ms. Susan F. Voehl Agricuitural Nurse Nobles and Rock County Public Health Route 2, Box 46 Lake Park, IA 51347 Ms. Jennifer S. Voi Advanced Care Coordinator lowa Western Community College 2700 College Road, Box 4-C Council Bluffs, !A 51502 Mr. Mark Walker Agriculture Health and Safety Coordinator St. Joseph Mercy Hospital 84 Beaumont Drive Mason City, IA 50401 Ms. Teri Walker PHN Wayne County Public Health Box 102 Corydon, IA 50060-1522 Ms. Janet Watt Respiratory Therapist University of lowa lowa City, IA 52245 Mr. Allen Weller Assistant Director of Safety Farm Bureau Mutual insurance Company 5400 Avenue West Des Moines, IA 50265 Ms. Sherri Wildin EMT - 1 Madison County Ambulance 721 West Jefferson Winterset, IA 50273 Ms. Therese Willkomm Director Easter Seal Farm Program P.O. Box 4002 Des Moines, IA 50333 Dr. Wendy K. Wintersteen Assistant Professor Extension Entomologist lowa State University 109 Insectary, [SU Ames, IA 50011 Papers and Proceedings Ms. Debbie Yount Weliness Coordinator lowa Farm Bureau Federation 5400 Avenue West Des Moines, IA 50265 Mr. Chris Zimmerman Physical Therapist University of lowa 2600 Steindier Building lowa City, IA 52242 Dr. Craig Zwerling Associate Professor Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health University of lowa 124 AMRF Oakdale Campus lowa City, IA 52242-5000 KANSAS Mr. Harold T. Bach Safety Specialist U.S. Department of Labor 1437 Tomahawk Lane Olathe, KS 66062 _— Mr. Michael H, Bradshaw Kansas State Extension Service 343 Justin Hall Manhattan, KS 66506 Mr. Chris Chitwood Executive Assistant AgriPro Biosciences, inc. 6700 Antioch, Suite 100 Shawnee Mission, KS 66210 Mr. Stanley Clark Head, Agricultural Engineering Department Kansas State Seaton Hail Manhattan, KS 66506 Ms. Kathy Collmer Educational Materials Specialist Agricultural Safety and Health Program, Kansas State Seaton Hall Manhattan, KS 66506 Mr. Marvin H. Hachmeister Kansas State Extension of Agricultural Engineering 237 Seaton Hall Manhattan, KS 66506-2917 Surgeon General's Conference on Agricultural Safety and Health - 1991 Dr, Stephen Konz Professor Department of Industrial Engineering, Kansas State Durland Hall Manhattan, KS 66506-5101 Mr. John A. Kramer Extension Assistant, Farm Safety Kansas State Universuty Seaton Hall Manhatten, KS 66506 913/ 532-5813 Mr. David F. Willsie Director State of Kansas University Division of Safety and Health 512 SW 6th Street Topeka, KS 66603 Dr. Cindy Wood Epidemiologist Department of Health and Environment 109 SW 9th Street, Suite 605 Topeka, KS 66612-1271 Dr. S.W. Horstman Associate Professor University of Kentucky College of Medicine 800 Rose Street, Room MS129X Lexington, KY 40536-0084 Ms. Susan Jones Western Kentucky Department of Nursing AC 112A Bowling Green, KY 42101 Dr. Robert McKnight Assistant Professor University of Kentucky MS 129X Lexington, KY 40536-0084 Mr. Larry Piercy Extension Safety Specialist University of Kentucky Agricultural Engineering Building Room 128 Lexington, KY 40546-0276 Participants MAINE Mr. Stephen C. Shannon Director, Occupational Safety and Health Maine Bureau of Health 157 Capitol Street Augusta, ME 04333 Ms. Rhonda Webber Planning and Research Association Maine Bureau of Health State House Station 11 Augusta, ME 04901 MARYLAND Dr. Aaron Blair Chief, Occupational Studies Section National Cancer Institute Executive Plaza North, Room 418 Bethesda, MD 20892 Dr. Gershon Fishbein Publisher Genetic Engineering Letter 8750 Georgia Avenue, Suite 124 Silver Spring, MD 20910 Mr. Jeffrey Human Director, Office of Rural Health Policy U.S. Public Health Service 5600 Fishers Lane Parklawn Building, Room 14-22 Rockville, MD 20857 Dr. Rice C. Leach Chief of Staff Office of the Surgeon General USPHS Room 18-67 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, MD 20857 Mr. Mark A. Veazie Johns Hopkins Injury Prevention Center 62.; North Broadway, Room 557 Baltimore, MD 21205 Mr. Robert Wright Chief, Utilization Expenditures Statistics National Center for Health Statistics 6525 Belcrest Road, Room 850 Hyattsville, MD 20782 677 National Participants Mr. Dan Lauwers Assistant Program Director W.K. Kellogg Foundation 400 N. Avenue Battle Creek, MI Ms. Geraldine R. Smith Coordinator "Farming Safely in the Thumb" Huron Co. Health Department 1142 S. Van Dyke Bad Axe, MI 48413 Creeren yeerens ervereteeenrrmerverrererrrrerany Dr. Debora Boyle University of Minnesota 1635 W. Skillman, #2 Roseville, MN 55113 Mr. Bruce Chadwick Market Manager 3M St. Paul, MN Mr. Willis Eken Chairman National Farmer's Union Executive Board St. Paul, MN Dr. Susan Goodwing Gerberich Director of Environmental and Occupational Health University of Minnesota School of Public Health 420 Delaware Street, SE, Box 197 UMHG Minneapolis, MN 55455 Dr. lan A. Greaves Professor University of Minnesota Box 197, 420 Delaware St., SE Minneapolis, MN 55455 Ms. Stephanie Harnick Manager, Occupational Safety and Health Northrup King Company 7500 Olson Memorial Highway Golden Valley, MN 55427 Mr. Mark Horton Environmental Affairs Office Northrup King Company 7500 Olson Memorial Highway Golden Valley, MN 55427 612 Ms. Linda Olson Keller Consultant Minnesota Department of Health 717 SE Delaware Minneapolis, MN 55440 Ms. Brenda Lenz Public Health Nurse Meeker, McLeod, Sibley Community Health Service 804 11th Street E Glencoe, MN 55336 Ms. Catherine Lexau Project Coordinator Minnesota Department of Health/CHS Division 717 SE Delaware Minneapolis, MN §5440 Mr, Mark Melander Consultant Northrup King Company 7500 Olson Memorial Highway Golden Valley, MN 55427 Ms. Colleen Nelson Public Health Nurse Quin County Community Health Services P.O. Box 248 Newfolden, MN 56738 Mr. John M, Shutske Extension Safety Specialist University of Minnesota 1390 Eckles Avenue St. Paul, MN 55108 Mr. Ray Sinclair Television Production Specialist NIOSH, CDC 2728 Sheidon Street Roseville, MN 55113 Mr. Steven Suchy Safety Engineer Cargill, Inc. P.O. Box 9300 Minneapolis, MN 55440 Ms. Kelly Sullivan Editor Pro Act 4947 Wild Canyon Drive Woodbury, MN 55125 Mr. Aaron K, Trippler Vice President Communication for Agriculture 2626 E. 82nd Street, #325 Bloomington, MN 55425 Ms. Peg Zenk Managing Editor Farm industry News Magazine 7900 International Drive Minneapolis, MN 55425 MISSISSIPPI _ Dr. George C. Furr Medical Doctor Mississippi State Medical Association 270 YA Zoo Avenue Clarksdale, MS 38614 Mr, Willlam Simpson 3330 Liberty Street Canton, MS 39046 MISSOURI Mr. David E. Baker Extension Safety and Health Specialist University of Missouri 205 Agricultural Engineering Building Columbia, MO 65211 Mr. Frank Berry USPHS Regional Office - Region Vil 601 E. 12th Street Kansas City, MO 64106 Mr. Charles F. Brundage Product Safety Engineer Deutz-Allis Corporation 627 South Cottage Independence, MO 64050 Ms. Sandy Clarkson Administrator Cariton County Health Department P.O. Box 214 Keytesville, MO 65261 Ms. Claudine Frazeer Administrator Adam Co. Health Department 516 South Main Kukswelle, MO 63507 Mr. Russell H. Hahn Director of Standards American Society of Agricultural Engineers 2950 Niles Road St. Joseph, MO 49085 Papers and Proceedings Ms, Judy Heffernan Executive Director of Heartland Network for Town and Rural Ministries University of Missour/ 201 Sociology Building Columbia, MO 65211 Dr. Gary Kukulka Senior Staff Associate National Rural Health Association 301 E. Armour Boulevard, Suite 420 Kansas City, MO 64111 Mr, John T. Phillips Regional Administrator U.S. Department of Labor 911 Walnut Street Kansas Clty, MO Dr. W, Michael Rogers District Director US Food and Drug Administration 1009 Cherry Street Kansas City, MO 64106 Mr. John Rummel FFA Advisor Stockton High School Route 1, P.O. Box 190 Stockton, MO 65785 Dr. C, Saran Professor Central Missouri State Warrensburg, MO 64093-5030 Mr. Jamie Swaggerty FFA Safety Chairperson Stockton High School Route 1, P.O. Box 190 Stockton, MO 65785 Ms. Patti Van Tuinen Assistant Director Office of Injury Control Missouri Department of Health P.O. Box 570 Jefferson City, MO 65102 NEBRASKA a. Ms. Joleen Huneke Health Educator Nebraska Department of Health Health Promotion and Education 301 Centennial Mall South Lincoln, NE 68509-5007 Ms. Melissa D. Leypoldt Nebraska State Health Department 301 Centennial Malt South Box 95007 Lincoin, NE 68521 Surgeon General’s Conference on Agricultural Safety and Health - 1991 Mr, Bryan Rettig Research Analyst Nebraska Department of Health 301 Centennial Mall S., Box 95007 Lincoln, NE 68509 Mr. Rollin D. Schnieder Extension Safety Specialist University of Nebraska 222 L.W. Chase Hall Lincoln, NE 68583-0726 Mr. Richard Slama Manager, Special Services Lincoln-Lancaster County Heaith Department 2200 St. Mary's Avenue Lincoln, NE 68502 Dr. Susanna Von Essen Assistant Professor of Medicine University of Nebraska Medical Center 600 South 42nd Street Omaha, NE 68198-2465 Ms. Kathy Ward Chronic Disease Director Nebraska Department of Health 301 Centennial Mall South Lincoln, NE 68509 Dr. Dennis Weisenburger University of Nebraska Medical Center, Department of Pathology & Microbiology 600 South 42nd Street Omaha, NE 68022 NEW JERSEY Dr. Zane R. Helsel Chair, Dept of Agricultural and Resource Management Specialists Rutgers University Martin Hall, Room 111, Cook Campus, P.O, Box 231 New Brunswick, NJ 08903 NEW YORK Ms. Angela DeVito, MSCM Associate Director, Division of Occupational Medicine State of New York at Stony Brook HSC L3 086 Stony Brook, NY 11794-8036 Participants Mr. Donald DiBello Director, Member Services Farm Family Insurance Company P.O. Box 656 Albany, NY 12201 Mr. Davis E. Hill Executive Director Farmedic National Training Center Alfred State College Alfred, NY 14802 Dr. Matthew Marvel Attending Physician Oneonta Heaith Center 50 Dietz Street Oneonta, NY 13820 Dr. John J. May Director, Bassett Farm Safety and Health Project New York Center for Agricultural Medicine and Health One Atwell Road Cooperstown, NY 13326 Mr. John G. Pollock Executive Director NYS Rural Health and Safety Council, inc. 334 Riley-Robb Hall, Cornell Ithaca, NY 14853-5701 Dr. David S. Pratt Director New York Center for Agricultural Medicine and Health One Atwell Road Cooperstown, NY 13326 Mr. James A. Fangman Environmental and Safety Specialist CIBA-GEIGY Corporation P.O. Box 18300 Greensboro, NC 27419 NORTH CAROLINA Dr. James R. Fouts Senior Scientific Advisor to the Director NIEHS A2-03, P.O. Box 12233 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 Mr. Robert L. McLymore Extension Safety Specialist North Carolina State Box 7625 Raleigh, NC 27695-7625 613 National Participants Ms. Susan A. Randolph Occupational Health Nursing consultant DEHNR Occupational Health Section P.O. Box 27687 Raleigh, NC 27611-7687 Dr. Michael D. Schulman North Carolina State Department of Sociology Box 8107 Raleigh, NC 27695-8107 NORTH DAKOTA Mr. Rodney A. Gilmore Injury Control Program Manager North Dakota State Department of Health and Consolidated Labs 600 East Boulevard, 2nd Fioor, Judicial Wing Bismark, ND 58505-0200 Ms. Ramona Eisenbarth, RN Agricultural Occupational Health Nurse Custer District Health Unit P.O. Box 185 Mandan, ND 58562 Ms. Cheryl Hagen Agriculture Occupational Health Nurse Community Health Nurse 401 Third Avenue North Fargo, ND 58102-4839 Ms. Malinda Lindstrom Safety Coordinator North Dakota Farm Bureau 1101 1st Avenue North Fargo, ND 58107 Mr. George Maher North Dakota State Extension Service Box 5626 Fargo, ND 58105 Ms. Joyce Sayler Agricultural Occupational Health Nurse Custer District Health Unit P.O. Box 185 Mandan, ND 58554 Ms. Lillian Thomson Ag. Occupational Health Nurse Grand Forks Public Health P.O. Box 1518 Grand Forks, ND 58206-1518 614 OHIO Dr. Ray Alderfer NIOSH, CDC Hamilton Laboratory 4676 Columbia Parkway, R-16 Cincinnati, OH 45226 Mr. Jonathan Bair Student Smithville High School 331 South Summit Street Smithville, OH 44677 Ms. Sallie S. Bair Registered Nurse Wayne County Health Department 203 South Walnut Street Wooster, OH 44691 Dr. Thomas L. Bean Safety Leader Ohio State (Cooperative Extension) 590 Woody Hayes Drive #213 Columbus, OH 43210 Ms. Virginia Behrens NIOSH, CDC Taft Laboratory 4676 Columbia Parkway, R-18 Cincinnati, OH 45226 Dr. Raymond E. Biagini NIOSH, CDC Taft Laboratory 4676 Columbia Parkway Cincinnati, OH 45226 Mr. Philip J. Bierbaum Director, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering NIOSH, CDC 4676 Columbia Parkway Cincinnati, OH 45251 Mr. Gary Brumfield FFA Safety Chairperson Amanda-Clearcreek High School 414 North School Street Amanda, OH 43102 Dr. Geoffrey M. Calvert Medical Epidemiologist NIOSH, CDC 4676 Columbia Parkway, R-16 Cincinnati, OH 45226 Ms. Lorri Cameron Epidemiologist NIOSH, CDC 4676 Columbia Parkway, R-21 Cincinnati, OH 45226 Dr. Alexander Cohen Deputy Director, Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Sciences NIOSH, CDC 4476 Columbia Parkway Cincinnati, OH 45226 Ms, L. Barbara Connally Public Health Analyst NIOSH, CDC 4676 Columbia Parkway, R-42 Cincinnati, OH 45226 Dr. John J. Coumbis NIOSH, COC DTMD Taft Building, Room B-48, MS C-12 Cincinnati, OH 45226 Dr. Laurence J. Doemeny Deputy Director, Division of Physical Science and Engineering NIOSH, CDC 4676 Columbia Parkway Cincinnati, OH 45226 Ms. Janet Ehlers University of Cincinnati Occupational Health Masters Candidate 3125 Locust Log Lane Cincinnati, OH 45239 Dr. Lawrence J. Fine Director, Division of Surveillance, Hazards Evaluations, and Field Studies NIOSH, CDC 4676 Columbia Parkway Cincinnati, OH 45226 Dr. Marilyn A. Fingerhut Chief, IWSB, DSHEFS NIOSH, COC 4676 Columbia Parkway Cincinnati, OH 45226 Mr. Jerome P. Flesch Industrial Hygienist NIOSH, COC 4676 Columbia Parkway, C-15 Cincinnati, OH 45226 Mr. Todd M. Frazier Chief, DSHEFS NIOSH, COC 4676 Columbia Parkway, R-17 Cincinnati, OH 45226 Dr. Eugene Freund, Jr. Medical Officer NIOSH, CDC 4676 Columbia Parkway, R-21 Cincinnati, OH 45226 Papers and Proceedings Dr. Jiin Ger Visiting Scientist NIOSH, CDC 4676 Columbia Parkway Cincinnati, OH 45226 Mr. Walter Haag Associate Director NIOSH, CDC 4676 Columbia Parkway Cincinnati, OH 45226 Dr. William E. Halperin Associate Director NIOSH, CDC 4676 Columbia Parkway, R-41 Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998 Mr. Gerald A. Heath Administrative Officer NIOSH, CDC 4676 Columbia Parkway Cincinnati, OH 45226 Dr. Robert F. Herrick Associate Director NIOSH, CDC 4676 Columbia Parkway Cincinnati, OH 45226 Mr. Stephen D. Hudock Safety Engineer NIOSH, COC 4676 Columbia Parkway Cincinnati, OH 45226 Ms. Janice M. Huy NIOSH, CDC 4676 Columbia Parkway Cincinnati, OH 45226 Ms. Nina Lalich Chief, Iliness Effects Section NIOSH, CDG 4676 Columbia Parkwy, R-18 Cincinnati, OH 45226 Mr. Robert L. Larkin Chief NIOSH, CDC 4676 Columbia Parkway, R-3 Cincinnati, OH 45226 Mr. Tim Lawrence Extension Associate The Ohio State 590 Woody Hayes Drive Columbus, OH 43002 Mr, Edward D. Leninger Deputy Director NIOSH, CDC 4676 Columbia Parkway Cincinnati, OH 45248 Surgeon General’s Conference on Agricultural Safety and Health - 1991 Mr. Steven W. Lenhart Industrial Hygienist NIOSH, CDC 4676 Columbia Parkway, R-11 Cincinnati, OH 45226 Mr. Robert Alan Lunsford Supervisory Research Chemist NIOSH, CDC 4676 Columbia Parkway, R-7 Cincinnati, OH 45226 Mr. Robert Mason Biologist NIOSH, CDC 4676 Columbia Parkway Cincinnati, OH 45216 Mr. Leroy Mickelsen Chemical Engineer NIOSH, COC 7956 Biairhouse Drive Cincinnati, OH 45244 Mr. Charles Miller FFA Advisor Amanda-Clearcreek FFA 414 North School Street Amanda, OH 43102 Ms. Charlene Maloney NIOSH, CDC Robert A. Taft Laboratories 4676 Columbia Parkway Cincinnati, OH 45213 Ms. Vivian Morgan NIOSH, CDC Robert A. Taft Laboratories 4676 Columbia Parkway Cincinnati, OH 45213 Dr. Richard W. Niemeier Director, Divison of Standards Development and Technology NIOSH, CDC 4676 Columbia Parkway Cincinnati, OH 45226 Mr. David H. Pedersen Industrial Hygienist NIOSH, CDC 4676 Columbia Parkway, R-19 Cincinnati, OH 45226 Ms. Judith Pflaumer Clinical Nurse Specialist University of Cincinnati 3747 Wood Trail Cincinnati, OH Mr. Judd CG. Posner NIOSH, CDC 4676 Columbia Parkway Cincinnati, OH 45226 Participants Dr. Thomas C. Purcell Director, Division of Training and Manpower Development NIOSH, CDC 4676 Columbia Parkway Cincinnati, OH 45226 Dr. Peter G. Rentos Scientist Director NIOSH, CDC 4676 Columbia Parkway Cincinnati, OH 45226 Dr. Carol Hogfoss Rubin NIOSH, CDC 4676 Columbia Parkway, R-21 Cincinnati, OH 45215 Dr. John M. Russo Research Psychologist NIOSH, COC 4676 Columbia Parkway, C-24 Cincinnati, OH 45226 Mr. Wayne T. Sanderson Industrial Hygienist/Epidemiologist NIOSH, CDC 4676 Columbia Parkway Cincinnati, OH 45226 Dr. Russell E. Savage Chief, Environmental Toxicology NIOSH, CDC 4676 Columbia Parkway Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998 Dr. Paul A. Schulte Chief, Screening and Notification Section NIOSH, CDC 4676 Columbia Parkway, R-42 Cincinnati, OH 45226 Dr. Paul J. Seligman Chief, Medical Section NIOSH, CDC 4676 Columbia Parkway Cincinnati, OH 45226 Mr. John P. Sestito Assistant Chief, Surveillance Branch, NIOSH, CDC 4676 Columbia Parkway, R-17 Cincinnati, OH 45226 Mr. Joseph A. Seta Supervisory Industrial Hygienist NIOSH, CDC 4676 Columbia Parkway Cincinnati, OH 45226 615 National Participants Ms. Christa L. Themann Audiologist NIOSH, CDC 4676 Columbia Parkway, C-27 Cincinnati, OH 45226 Dr. J. R. Wilkins, Ill Associate Professor Ohio State University Department of Preventive Medicine Columbus, OH 43210 Mr. Ralph D, Zumwalde Chief, Document Development Branch NIOSH, CDC 4676 Columbia Parkway Cincinnati, OH 45226 TL) OKLAHOMA... Mr. Edward M. Barnes Extension Engineer Oklahoma State 214 AG Hall Stillwater, OK 74078-0469 Mr. Ronald J. Dahigren Senior Broadcast Coordinator Oklahoma State 105 Public Information Building Stillwater, OK 74078 Dr. Willard Downs Professor Extension Agriculture Engineer Oklaloma State University 214 AG Hall Stillwater, OK 74078-0469 Ms. Kathy Howard TV Producer/Director Oklahoma State University Agricultural Communications Stillwater, OK 74079 Dr. Pat Lewis Extension Safety Specialist Oklahoma State University 219 AG Hall Stillwater, OK 74078-0469 Ms. Judy Oskam Oklahoma State University 214 AG Hall Stillwater, OK 74074 Dr. Jerry L. Purswell Professor University of Oklahoma 202 West Boyd Norman, OK 73019 616 OREGON Mr. Clifford O. King Controller International Seeds, Inc. P.O. Box 168 Halsey, OR 97348 C4 Mr. Tomas Schwabe Agricultural Health Supervisor OR-OSHA 3867 Wolverine Street, NE Salem, OR 97305 Dr. Myron Shenk Interim Farm Safety Specialist Oregon State 100 Gilmore Hail Corvalles, OR 97331-3906 PENNSYLVANIA Ms. Karen Freiberg Farm Journal 230 W. Washington Square Philadelphia, PA 19105 Mr. Ronald McAllister Probe Evaluation Supervisor Ford New Holland 500 Diller Avenue, Box 1895 MS 636 New Holland, PA 17557 Dr. Dennis J. Murphy Professor of Agriculture and Biology Penn State University Agriculture Engineering Building Room 221 Park, PA 16802 PUERTO RICO i Commonwealth of Puerto Rico Special Assistant to the Secretary Department of Labor and Human Resources 505 Munoz Rivera Avenue San Juan, PR 00918 Dr. Pable M. Calerio Ledo. Jesus A. Caro Lugo Sub Secretario Estado Libre Asociadodde Deaptamento Del Trabajo y Recursos Humanos Edificio prudencio Riveria Martinez Avenidea Munoz Rivera 506-Piso 21 Hato Rey, PR 00918 SOUTH CAROLINA Dr. Mark A. Purschwitz Extension Safety Specialist Clemson University 212 McAdams Hail Clemson, SC 29634-0357 803/ 656-4666 803/ 656-0338 SOUTH DAKOTA Mr. James Ceglian Director Engineering Extension South Dakota State University Box 507 Brookings, SD 57007-0597 Dr. Thomas M. Dean Medical Director Tri County Health Care P.O. Box 489, 605 ist Street Nessington Springs, SD 57382 Dr. G. R. Burland Extension Agricultural Engineering South Dakota State University Ag Eng Dept Brookings, SD 57007 Mr. Larry Tidemann Agricultural Program Leader Cooperative Extension Service South Dakota State University Ag Hall, 152 Brookings, SD 57007 Ms. Nancy Dempsey Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing Austin Peay State P.O. Box 4658 Clarksville, TN 37044 Dr. B.D. Hale Public Health Officer Haywood County Health Department 950 East Main Brownsville, TN 38012 Mr. Joel Lown Extension Safety Specialist Agricultural Engineering Dept University of Tennessee P.O. Box 1071 Knoxville, TN 37901 Papers and Proceedings Mr. Timoth G. Prather Assistant Professor Agricultural Extension Service University of Tennessee P.O. Box 1071 Knoxville, TN 37901-1071 Mr. Charlie G. Coble Professor Texas A&M Agricultural Engineering Department College Station, TX 77843 Mr. Edward Joseph Cosgrove Area Director U.S. Department of Labor - OSHA 1205 Texas Avenue, Suite 422 Lubbock, TX 79401 Mr. Rene Flores FFA Safety Chairperson 8600 Alameda El Paso, TX 79907 Mr. Max J. Howitt Southwest Regional Production Manager DeKalb Plant Genetics 3303 67th Street Lubbock, TX 79413 Dr. David Lawver Assistant Professor Texas Tech Mail Stop 2131 Lubbock, TX 79409-2131 Dr. Mary Nickolaus Associate Director University of Texas, School of Public Heaith P.O. Box 20186 Houston, TX 77225 Mr. Ronald Rinn FFA Advisor 8600 Alameda El Paso, TX 79907 Ms. E. Roberta Ryder Executive Director National Migrant Resource Program, Inc. 2512 South, IH-35 Austin, TX 78704 Mr. Delmar E. Tally Manager Austin Chapter - AGC P.O. Box 1508 Austin, TX 78767-1508 Surgeon General’s Conference on Agricultural Safety and Health - 1991 Ms. Rebecca Trujillo Migrant Farmworker Ministry Diocese of Corpus Christi Texas P.O. Box 189 Skidmore, TX 78389 UTAH Dr. Jeff Lee Associate Professor University of Utah RMEOEH, Building 512 Salt Lake City, UT 84112 VERMONT Mr. George L. Cook University of Vermont Extension System RR 1, Box 2280 Morrisville, VT 05661 Mr. Robert Graham Assistant Executive Director National Bocational Agriculture Teacher’s Association P.O. Box 15440 Alexandria, VA 22309 Dr. Glen H. Hetzel Agricultural Engineering Department Virginia Tech 205 Seitz Hall Blacksburg, VA 24061 Mr. Wayne Sprick Executive Director National Young Farmer Educational Association 5632 Mt. Vernon Memorial Highway Alexandria, VA 22309 Mr. Chad Springer FFA Safety Chairperson Park View High School Route 1, Box 118 South Hill, VA 23970 Mr. Ronnie Thomas FFA Advisor Park View High School Route 1, Box 118 South Hill, VA 23970 Participants Mr. Steve J. Thomson Assistant Professor Virginia Polytechnic Institute Seitz Hall, VPl and SU Blacksburg, VA 24061-0303 Mr. Wei Zhao Graduate Student Virginia Tech Seitz Hall Blacksburg, VA 24061 WASHINGTON _ Mr. Richard L. Barker Program Coordinator Eastern Washington Area Health Education Center 601 West First Avenue Spokane, WA 99204 Dr. Pamela D. Elkind Professor of Sociology Eastern Washington University Patterson Hall, MS-38 Cheney, WA 99004-2415 Dr. Richard Fenske Associate Professor University of Washington Department of Environmental Health Seattle, WA 98195 Mr. Edward King Washington State Dept. of Labor and Industries Division of Safety and Health 1716 South 16th Avenue Yakima, WA 98902 Dr. Paul Monahan Yakima Valley Farm Worker Clinic MCN Box 190 Toppenish, WA 98948 Mr. Dan Pearson FFA Safety Chairperson Eima High School 30 Elma Monte Road Elma, WA 98541 Ms. Christie N. Renz FFA Advisor Eima High School 30 Elma Monte Road Elma, WA 98541 617 National Participants Dr. Linda Rosenstock Surveillance, Chemical Hazards University of Washington Occupational Medicine Program ZA6G, 325 9th Avenue Seattle, WA 98104 Dr. W. Symons Safety Specialist Washington State Agricultural Engineering Department Pullman, WA 99163 WEST VIRGINIA Ms. Rochelle Althouse Statistician NIOSH, CDC 944 Chestnut Ridge Road Morgantown, WV 26505 Mr. Shib Bajapayee industrial Hygienist/Engineer NIOSH, CDG 944 Chestnut Ridge Road Morgantown, WV 26505 Ms. Kay Basile Staff NIOSH, CDC 944 Chestnut Ridge Road Morgantown, WV 26505 Dr. Thomas RA. Bender Director, Division of Safety Research NIOSH, CDC 944 Chestnut Ridge Road Morgantown, WV 26505 Ms, Toni A. Bledsoe Medical Technologist NIOSH, CDC 944 Chestnut Ridge Road Morgantown, WV 26505 Dr. Robert Castellan Chief, Epidemiological Investigations Branch NIOSH, CDC 944 Chestnut Ridge Road Morgantown, WV 26505 Dr. Vincent Castranova Chief, Biochemistry and Pathology Sections NIOSH, CDC 944 Chestnut Ridge Road Morgantown, WV 26505 618 Ms. Rosemary Clanfrocco Division of Safety Research NIOSH, CDC 944 Chestnut Ridge Road Morgantown, WV 26505 Ms. Catherine L. Connon Occupational Health Nurse NIOSH, CDC 944 Chestnut Ridge Road Morgantown, WV 26505 Mr. Joseph Costello Statistician NIOSH, CDC 944 Chestnut Ridge Road Morgantown, WV 26505 Ms. Charlotte Dalton Administrative Officer NIOSH, CDC 944 Chestnut Ridge Road Morgantown, WV 26505 Dr. Jeffrey S. Fedan Research Pharmacologist NIOSH, CDC 944 Chestnut Ridge Road Morgantown, WV 26505 Or. David L. Hard Safety and Health Specialist Division of Safety Research 944 Chestnut Ridge Road Morgantown, WV 26505 Dr. William D. Jones NIOSH, CDC 944 Chestnut Ridge Road Morgantown, WV 26505 Mr. Gregory J. Kullman Industrial Hygienist NIOSH, CDC 944 Chestnut Ridge Road Morgantown, WV 26505 Dr. Daniel M. Lewis Immunologist NIOSH, CDC 944 Chestnut Ridge Road Morgantown, WV 26505 Mr. Michael D. Lyman Nurse Epidemiologist NIOSH, CDC 944 Chestnut Ridge Road Morgantown, WV 26505 Dr. Pervis C. Major Director, Activity for Professional Prog. and Facility Dev. NIOSH, CDC 944 Chestnut Ridge Road Morgantown, WV 26505 Dr. Ali Manninen NIOSH, COC 944 Chestnut Ridge Road Morgantown, WV 26505 Ms. Judith C. Mull Medical Technologist NIOSH, CDC 944 Chestnut Ridge Road Morgantown, WV 26505 Dr. Karl Musgrave EIS Officer NIOSH, CDC 944 Chestnut Ridge Road Morgantown, WV 26505 Mr. John R. Myers Statistician Division of Safety Research NIOSH, CDC 944 Chestnut Ridge Road Morgantown, WV 26505 Dr. Stephen A. Olenchock Assistant to the Director, DRDS NIOSH, CDC 944 Chestnut Ridge Road Morgantown, WV 26505 Ms. 8. Teresa Palermo Program Analyst NIOSH, CDC 944 Chestnut Ridge Road Morgantown, WV 26505 Dr. John E. Parker Chief, Protective Technology Branch Division of Safety Research NIOSH, CDC 944 Chestnut Ridge Road Morgantown, WV 26505 Mr. Penn A. Peters Project Leader U.S. Forest Service 180 Canfield Street, P.O. Box 4360 Morgantown, WV 26505 Dr. Edward L. Petsonk Acting Section Chief NIOSH, CDC 944 Chestnut Ridge Road Morgantown, WV 26505 Dr. Paul Siegel Research Chemist NIOSH, CDC 944 Chestnut Ridge Road Morgantown, WV 26505 Papers and Proceedings Mr. Herman C. Sims West Virginia University Institute for Safety and Health Training 918 Chestnut Ridge Road, Suite 8 Morgantown, WV 26506 Dr. W. G. Sorenson Research Mycologist NIOSH, COC 944 Chestnut Ridge Road Morgantown, WV 26505 Mr. John T. Straface Supply Management Officer NIOSH, CDC 944 Chestnut Ridge Road Morgantown, WV 26505 Dr, Gregory R. Wagner Director, Division of Respiratory Disease Studies NIOSH, CDC 944 Chestnut Ridge Road Morgantown, WV 26505 Dr. Kenneth C. Weber Branch Chief NIOSH, CDC 944 Chestnut Ridge Road Morgantown, WV 26505 WISCONSIN |... Dr. Henry A. Anderson Chief, Environmental and Chronic Disease Epidemiology Wisconsin Department of Health and Social Services Wisconsin Divison of Health Madison, WI 53701 Mr. Avanson Route 6, Highway 14 Middleton, WI 53562 Dr. Larry Chapman University of Wisconsin - Madison Agricultural Engineering Department 460 Henry Mali Madison, WI 53704 Ms. Nancy &. Chudy Epidemiologist State of Wisconsin, Injury Prevention Unit 1 West Wilson Street, P.O. Box 309 Madison, W! 53701-0309 Dr. Paul Gunderson Agricultural Safety Specialist National Farm Medicine Center 1000 North Oak Avenue Marshfield, WI 54449-5790 Surgeon General’s Conference on Agricultural Safety and Health - 1991 Mr. Lawrence Hanrahan Epidemiologist Department of Health and Sociai Services WFCCP Madison, WI 53701 Ms. Judith Huber Registered Nurse Marshfield Medical Research 1000 North Oak Avenue Marshfield, WI 54449 Mr. Larry Lang Product Safety/Environmental Coordinator Gent Company 143 Water Street West Bend, WI 53095 Ms. Karen Lappe Program Manager National Farm Medicine Center 1000 North Oak Avenue Marshfield, WI 54449-5780 Ms. Barbara Lee Assistant Director National Farm Medicine Center 1000 North Oak Avenue Marshfield, Wi 54449-5790 Ms. Laura McKee Publications Specialist National Farm Medicine Center, Marshfield Clinic 1000 North Oak Avenue Marshfield, WI 54449 Ms. Sandra Muesegades Public Health Nurse 1011 North 8th Street Sheboygan, WI 53081 Mr. David L. Nordstrom Epidemiologist National Farm Medicine Center 1000 North Oak Avenue Marshfield, WI 54449 Dr. Douglas J. Reding National Farm Medicine Center 1000 North Oak Avenue Marshfield, WI 54449 Ms. Tammy Schaefer Director, Resource Center for Farmers with Disabilities Easter Seaij Society of Wisconsin 101 Nob Hill, Suite 301 Madison, WI 53704 Participants Mr. Steve Schlecht President GEMPLER’S P.O. Box 270 Mt. Horeb, WI 53572 Dr. Ronald T. Schuler University of Wisconsin Agricultural Engineering Department 460 Henry Mall Madison, WI 53706 Mr. William J. Sheeley Farm Health and Safety Council of Wisconsin 2463 North 85th Street Wauwatosa, WI 53226 Ms. Cheryl Skjolaas Specialist University of Wisconsin - Madison 460 Henry Mall Madison, WI 53706 Ms. Stefani Sogard Communtity Health Educator LaCrosse County Health Department 300 North 4th LaCrosse, WI 54601 Dr. Dean Stueland Medical Director National Farm Medicine Center 1000 North Oak Avenue Marshfield, WI 54449-5790 WYOMING Ms. Judith E. Wormal Safety Specialist Cooperative Extension Service Box 3354 Larami, WY 82071 619 Surgeon General’s Conference on Agricultural Safety and Health FarmSare 2000 ¢ A National Coalition for Local Action Convened by the National institute for Occupational Safety and Health April 30 - May 3, 1991, Des Moines, lowa CANADA Dr. James A. Dosman Director, Center for Agricultural Medicine University of Saskatchewan Royal University Hospital Saskatoon, Canada S7N 0X0 Dr. Chen Zhou University of Saskatchewan Centre for Agricultural Medicine Royal University Hospital Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 0X0 620 SWEDEN Dr. Sverker Hogitind Director Swedish Farmers Safety and Prevention Health Association $-105 33 Stockholm, Swedan Mr. Bjarne Lembke Doctor Swedish Farmer's Safety and Preventive Health Assoc. Lantbrukshaisan, PL 326 26700 Bjuv, Swedan INTERNATIONAL PARTICIPANTS SWITZERLAND Dr. Thomas Ng Medical Officer World Health Organization 20 Appia Avenue Geneva, Switzerland TAIWAN Dr. Guang-Yang Yang Veterans General Hospital Division of Clinical Toxicology, Dept of Medicine 201 Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road Taipei, Taiwan 11217 Papers and Proceedings Surgeon General's Conference on Agricultural Safety and Health FaRMSAFE 2000 ° A National Coalition for Local Action Convened by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health April 30 - May 3, 1991, Des Moines, lowa 2,4-D 4-H ABC AC ACTION AFC AFT AG-LINK AGI AHPS AIDS Surgeon General’s Conference on Agricultural Safety and Health - 1991 ACRONYMS 2,4-dichiorophenoxyacetic acid A program of informal education for youth Always Be Careful Amanda-Clearcreek Domestic Volunteer Service Agency antibody-forming cells antibody-forming cells a crisis hotline Ace Glass Impinger Agricultural Health Promotion Systems Acquired immune Deficiency Syndrome American Lung Association of lowa Aware Leaders Instilling Vital Education alveolar macrophage American National Standards Institute Agricultural Respiratory Hazards Education Series American Society of Agricultural Engineers Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry all terrain vehicle Aspergillus umbrosus Bachelor of Arts Bachelor of Science Bachelor of Science in Nursing a carcinogenic level bronchoalveolar lavage bronchoalveolar lavage fluids Bureau of Labor Statistics Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Cc CAHSPS CAST CATI CDC CDFA CE CEHIC CES CFM CFR CFU CIEP Cl C.I.H. cm CNS CO CO, CPR CPSC CSP CTL DARE dB(A) DBBS DBCP DCC DDT DFR DHHS DLCO Appendix celsius California Agricultural Health and Safety Promotion System Council on Agricultural Science Technology computer-assisted telephone interview Centers for Disease Control California Department of Food and Agriculture California encephalitis Center for Environmental Health and Injury Control Cooperative Extension Service cubic feet per minute Code of Federal Regulations colony forming units counterimmuno-electrophoresis cellular infiltrate Certified Industrial Hygienist centimeter(s) central nervous system carbon monoxide carbon dioxide cardio-pulmonary resuscitation Consumer Products Safety Commission Certified Safety Professional cytotoxic T lymphocyte Drugs and Resistance Education decibels (A-weighted scale) Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science dibromochloropropane day care center dichlordiphenyltrichloroethane dislodgeable foliar residue Department of Health and Human Services low diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide 627 Acronyms DNA DOL DOT DPS DPSE DRDS DSDTT DSHEFS DSR DTH DTMD D.V.M. EACH E-Codes EC EDB EEE EEG ELISA EM EM EMI EMS deoxyribonucleic acid Department of Labor Department of Transportation Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering Division of Respiratory Disease Studies Division of Standards Development, and Technology Transfer Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies Division of Safety Research delayed-type hypersensitivity Division of Training and Manpower Development Doctor of Veterinary Medicine Essential Access to Community Hospitals injury and poisoning codes, external cause electron capture ethylene dibromide Eastern equine encephalomyelitis electroencephalogram enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay electron microscopy equipment maintenance Equipment Manufacturers Institute emergency medical services emergency medical technician Envirommental Protection Agency Employment Standards Administration emergency transmatic cars endotoxin units extravehicular activity Fatal Accident Circumstances and Epidemiology Farm Family Rehabilitation Management Fatal Accident Reporting System faximile Future Business Leaders of America FDA FEV1 FEViFVC FFA FFHHS FHA FHA FIFRA FLD FTA FVC FY g GATT GC GFCI GLC GSDE H.S HAZMAT HAZOP HERO HFS HHS HIV HP I-CASH lA-HASSP IARC ICD ICD-9 IDPH IEA IgE IgG Food and Drug Administration forced expiratory volume forced expiratory volume in one second forced expiratory volume in one second, forced vital capacity formally, Future Farmers of America Farm Family Health and Hazard Survey Federal Housing Administration Future Homemakers of America Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act farmers lung disease Free Trade Agreement forced vital capacity fiscal year gram(s) General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs gas chromatography ground-fault circuit interrupter gas-liquid chromatography grain sorghum dust extract hydrogen sulfide hazardous materials hazard and operability home economics related organization Human Factors Society Health and Human Services human immunodeficiency virus hypersensitivity pneumonitis lowa Center for Agricultural Safety and Health lowa Agricultural Health and Safety Services Project International Agency for Research on Cancer International Classification of Diseases International Classification of Disease - 9th Revision lowa Department of Public Health International Ergonomics Association reaginic antibodies precipitating antibodies Papers and Proceedings IL-1B Surgeon General’s Conference on Agricultural Safety and Health - 1991 International Harvester Indian Health Service interleukin 1B Institute of Medicine integrated pest management Immigration Reform and Control Act International Standards Organization International Standards Units liter(s) organization of the machine manufacturers in Sweden Lake Placid High School lower respiratory tract meter(s) Master of Arts Mothers Against Drunk Driving mobile army surgical hospital Master of Business Administration migrant farm worker milligram (s) milliliter(s) mixed lymphocyte culture maximum mid-expiratory flow rate Master of Public Administration Master of Public Health Master of Science Master of Science in Forestry Mine Safety and Health Administration number National Association of County Health Officials North American Free Trade Agreement National Broadcasting Corporation National Coalition for Agricultural Safety and Health National Center for Health Statistics National Cancer Institute North Carolina State University National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey National Electric Code NEISS ng NH, NHL NHTSA NIEHS NIFS NIH NIOSH NIPCC NITS NL NOES NOHS NRHA NSC NTOF NTP OATS OBGYN OD ODTS OMB OR ORD ORHP OSG OSHA OSU PAS PAT pCi PDR PEACH PEL Appendix National Electronic Injury Surveillance System nanogram(s) ammonia non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma National Highway Traffic Safety Administration National Institute of Environmental Health Science National Institute for Farm Safety National Institutes of Health National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health National Injury Prevention and Control Committee National Institute for Technology and Standards nasal lavage National Occupational Exposure Survey National Occupational Hazards Survey National Rural Health Association National Safety Council National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities National Toxicology Program Olmsted Agricultural Trauma Study obstetrician gynecologist over dose organic dust toxic syndrome Office of Management and Budget operating room occupational respiratory diseases Office of Rural Health Policy Office of the Surgeon General Occupational Safety and Health Administration Oklahoma State University Post-secondary Agricultural Student Organization pesticide applicator training picocurrier(s) Physician’s Desk Reference Primary Care Hospitals Essential Access to Community Hospitals permissible exposure limit 623 Acronyms Ph.D. PHA PHA PHD PHS PMN PMR PPE PRIST PSA PTO PTS SLCA SMV 624 Doctor of Philosophy phytohemagglutinin process hazard analysis Panhandle Health District Public Health Service polymorphoc neutrophils proportionate mortality ratio personal protective equipment paper radio immunosorbent test Public Service Announcement power take-off Permanent threshold shift Public Utilities Department Park View radioallergosorbent test respiratory disease Registered Dietician Rural Electric Cooperative recommended exposure limit request for proposal Registered Nurse roll-over protective structure Regional Rural Injury Study Student Athletes Detest Drugs Society of Automotive Engineers Special Agricultural Worker Program Doctor of Science Supplementary Data System scanning electron microscopy static lateral critical angle St. Louis encephalitis standardized mortality ratio slow-moving-vehicle SPRAINS Sentinel Project Researching STD STEL Syn. TB TCE Agricultural Injury Notification Systems sexually-transmitted disease short-term exposure limit synonym tuberculosis trichloroethylene total lung capacity threshold limit value Toxic Substances Control Act temporary threshold shift thermoactinomyces vulgaris television University of California United Nations Development Program upper respiratory tract United States United States Department of Agriculture United States Environmental Protection Agency urinary tract infections Veteran’s Administration virus, antigen free vocational agriculture workers’ compensation western equine encephalitis World Health Organization Women’s, Infant’s, and Children’s Ysleta Incorporated School District micrometer(s) Papers and Proceedings Surgeon General’s Conference on Agricultural Safety and Health FARMSAFE 2000 e A National Coalition for Local Action Convened by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health April 30 - May 3, 1991, Des Moines, lowa METRIC SYSTEM OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES * INTRODUCTION Use of metric measurement standards in the United States have been authorized by law since 1866. In 1988, the Congress enacted legislation (Public Law 100-418) to establish the metric system as the preferred system of weights and measures for all domestic trade and commerce. This legislation also required the use of metric measurement standards in all Federal activities. Table |. Prefixes and Symbols Recently, the President issued Executive Order 12770 on for Decimal Multiples and July 25, 1991 reiterated the order to implement the Submultipies of Units. metric system "as the preferred system of weights and measures for United States trade and commerce." This Power Prefix Symbol executive order directs all Federal agencies to of Ten implement "metrification," to the extent economically 10” tera T feasible, by September 30, 1992. 10° giga G 10° mega M THE METRIC SYSTEM 10° kilo k 10° hecto h Originally, there were only two basic reference points, 10' deca* da the meter and the gram. The list of reference points 10° deci d has been expanded or changed to include the kilogram 10° centi Cc (instead of the gram) for mass, the second for time, the 10" mill m ampere for electric current, the degree Kelvin for 10 smite Hu temperature, and the candela for light intensity. 10 nano n r pico p The reference objects for these International Standards 10% femto f Units are maintained for comparisons and checked 10 atto a * Also “deka.” periodically against other international references by the National Institute for Technology and Standards (NITS). The metric system entails the use of multiples or power of ten to describe magnitudes greater or lesser than the basic units of meter, gram, ampere, and so forth. For example, the kilogram is 1,000 grams and the milligram is 1/1,000th of a gram. There are 100 centimeters (0.39 Source: Conférence générale des Poids et Mesures, Comtes rendus des séances de la 11e Conférence générale des Poids et Mesures, Paris 1960, Gauthier-Villars, Paris, 1961, page 87; Conférence générale des Poids et Mesures, Comtes rendus des séances de la 12e Conférence générale des Poids et Mesures, Paris 1964, Gauthier-Villars, Paris, 1964, page 94. inches) to one meter (1.09 yards) and 1,000 meters to 1Adapted from OSHA Instruction CPL 2-2.20B CH-1, pp. 23-1 to 4. Surgeon General's Conference on Agricultural Safety and Health - 1991 625 Metric System of Weights and Measures one kilometer (0.62 miles). The prefixes for the multiples and submultiples applied as multiples (power) of ten is presented in Table I. CONVERSION EQUIVALENTS The document to be used as a primary reference for inch-pound to metric conversions is Federal Standard 376A, Preferred Metric Unites for General Use by the Federal Government, May 5, 1983. A selected number of conversion factors are presented in Table II as examples.O Table Il. Prefixes and Symbols for Decimal Multiples and Submuitiples of Units. Length Pressure 2.54 centimeters (cm) = 1 inch (in) | 3.38638 kilopascals (kPa) = 1 inch of mercury (in Hg) 25.4 millimeters (mm) = 1 in 2.98898 kPa = 1 foot of 0.3048 meters (m) = 1 foot (ft) water (ft H,0) 1.609344 kilometers (km) = 1 mile (mi) | 0.1 kPa = 1 millibar Area Volume 6.4516 cm? = 1 in? | 0.02831685 m*® = 1 ft° 645.16 mm? = 1 in? | 28.31685 liter (1) = 1 ft® 0.0929034 m? = 1 ft? | 3.785412 | = 1 gallon (gal) 4046.873 m* = 1 acre | 0.1589873 m° = 1 barrel (42 gal) (bbl) 2.589998 km? = 1 mi? 1233.489 m° = 1 acre-foot 0.002359737 m* = 1 board foot (bd ft) Velocity Weight (Mass) 0.3048 meters/second (m/s) = 1 foot/ | 0.45359237 kilogram (kg) = _—_1: pound (Ib) second (ft/s) 28.34952 grams (g) = 1 ounce (oz) 1.6093478 km/hour (km/h) = 1 mile/ hour (mi/h) 626 Papers and Proceedings Surgeon General's Conference on Agricultural Safety and Health FARMSAFE 2000 ¢ A National Coalition for Local Action Convened by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health April 30 - May 3, 1991, Des Maines, lowa THE SURGEON GENERAL’S CONFERENCES ON OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH * By Anne Mather The recognition that work can cause disease and disability may be as old as mankind. But the belief that government should try to prevent occupational affliction is not. The Public Health Service (PHS) played an integral part in this shift in perception. The year was 1925. For the past two years, newspapers, particularly The New York World, had been carrying stories about cases of severe poisoning among chemists and other workers. , The source of the poisoning was tetraethyl lead, a new compound used in gasoline as an anti-knock agent. Within 17 months of its first manufacture in the United States, 139 cases of poisoning occurred; 13 people were dead. In her autobiography, Dr. Alice Hamilton, a pioneer in industrial toxicology (she was the first U.S. physician to devote her career to occupational safety and health), describes the effects of this poison on the body: it is more quickly absorbed than any of those ordinarily used in the central nervous system, causing insomnia, excitement, twitching muscles, hallucinations like those of delirium tremens, even maniacal attacks and convulsions, and death. It was a true emergency, one met by then—Surgeon General Hugh S. Cumming. On May 5, 1925, he requested the industry to discontinue temporarily the manufacture and distribution of tetraethyl lead. Industry complied. On May 20, Cumming called a conference to discuss the problem. Attending were industrialists, chemists, representatives of labor and physicians. They names an expert committee to recommend ways to prevent poisoning from tetraethyl lead. A case-control study of 252 persons led to a conclusion that the hazards of this form of lead could be prevented by mechanical devices, When Surgeon General Cumming held another conference in 1926, the first cooperative agreement on toxic substances was reached. The agreement included restrictions on the use and handling of tetraethyl lead. These regulations were subsequently administered by the Office of Industrial Hygiene and Sanitation, the predecessor of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. 1 Adapted from Dateline: CDC article, Vol. 22, No. 9, October 1989, p. 12, written by Anne Mather and edited by Mary Guinan, M.D., Ph.D., Assistant Director for Science. Surgeon General's Conference on Agricultural Safety and Health - 1991 627 The Surgeon General's Conferences on Occupational Health As a result, several states made lead poisoning a reportable disease. Reporting continued until World War II. These conferences were so successful that they became the model for another one, in 1928, on the health hazards of radium dial painting. Radium was also a new poison. It was used to make the luminous dials on watches and clocks. The habit workers had of pointing the tips of the brushes with their lips led to numerous fatalities. So successful were these early conferences that a total of 9 were ultimately held—the last in 1941 under Surgeon General Thomas Parran. They concerned methanol, carbon tetrachloride and similar volatile chlorinated liquid hydrocarbons, carbon tetrachloride fire extinguisher, aniline oil, carbon disulfide, benzol, and chronic mercurial poisoning in the hatting industry. They resulted in agreements between industry including labor, where appropriate, and PHS. Wrote Hamilton, It was to me both surprising and heartening to see men of such widely separated backgrounds and interests—manufacturers and their chemists and research workers on one side, trade-union officials, independent physicians, and toxicologists on the other—meet in a spirit of reasonableness and a genuine desire to get at the real facts and deal practically with the problem.Q 628 Papers and Proceedings Surgeon General's Conference on Agricultural Safety and Health FarnMSare 2000 « A National Coalition for Local Action Convened by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health April 30 - May 3, 1991, Des Moines, lowa EXCERPTS FROM DISEASES OF WORKERS ' By Bernardino Ramazzini DISEASES OF FARMERS O FARMERS, too blest by Fortune, did they but know their bliss!" This cried the prince of poets of old. And perhaps we may say as much of that pristine race of mortals that used to till their ancestral acres with their own oxen, but not nowadays of our farmers, for they have to wrestle with unending toil and the direst poverty on another man’s estate. The diseases that commonly attack the peasantry, in Italy at least, and above all in the country on both sides of the Po, are: Pleurisy, pneumonia, asthma, colic, erysipelas, ophthalmia, quinsy, toothache, and decay of the teeth. The exciting causes of these maladies are in the main two, the weather and unwholesome food. While they work in the fields they are exposed to the inclemency of the weather; they are buffeted now by the south wind now by the north, soaked with rain and night dews, scorched by the summer sun; however robust they may be, of however hardy a stock, they cannot support such violent changes; now they are in a bath of sweat, now chilled through, and besides they live on such unwholesome food that they accumulate a stock of thick glutinous humors which bring in their train a host of troubles. For the whole mass of humors is excited to a febrile effervescence, and thus in the vessels of the lungs into which flows all the venous blood, thick and viscid humors readily stagnate. This is why, as I have often noticed, whenever an epidemical constitution of lung diseases begins to assault us, it gives the signal to attack first the country-people and completely dominated them. Also from the same causes they very often suffer from the pains of colic and from hypochondriasis; the latter they call ‘the master’s disease’, because this sort of affection seems to savor somewhat of hysterical trouble; their coarse and sticky food produces in the stomach and intestines a serious accumulation of pituitous and acid juice; hence ensue griping pains and distension of the intestines. Their agricultural work, since it is determined by differences of localities and the variations of the seasons, is various and of many kinds; thus in winter and early spring they suffer from diseases of the chest, fluxes to the eyes, and quinsy. These ailments are caused, as I have said, by their viscid and thick blood which makes the circulation sluggish so that the blood stagnates easily and in various parts excites inflammations; in fact, when blood is drawn from them by venesection at this season, it is so thick that both in density and color it resembles beeswax. In my opinion there is no class of men whose blood undergoes such a great change and in so short a time as happens with these country-people; if you draw blood from them in 1Courtesy of the New York Academy of Medicine Library. Translated from the Latin text De Morbis Articicum of 1713 by Wilmer Cave Wright. Published under the auspices of the Library of The New York Academy of Medicine, Hafner Publishing Company, New York, London, 1964, Chapter XXXIX, pp. 337-351, Chapter XL, pp. 353-357, and Chapter VI, pp. 441-443. Surgeon General’s Conference on Agricultural Safety and Heaith - 1991 629 Excerpts from Diseases of Workers spring it may be thick and glutinous, but if in early summer some disease gives occasion for venesection of those same persons, the blood looks lively and bright red. Exercise and hard work have so powerful an effect that in so short a time the mass of humors in transformed to a quite opposite crasis; but in the case of townspeople this is not observed. I have often noticed a curious thing that happens to our peasantry, especially to the children. In March, about the equinox, children under the age of ten or thereabouts are affected with remarkable dimness of vision; in the daytime they can see but little or almost nothing, and as they run about the fields they wander and lose their way just like blind people; but when night comes they can see fairly well. The affection passes off of itself without any remedy, and about the middle of April their former keenness of vision is entirely restored. I have often examined the eyes of these children when I had a chance and noted that the pupil was excessively dilated. This affection is called by doctors ‘mydriasis’, but in discussing its cause writers are by no means in agreement, as you may see by consulting Sennert, Riviere, and Platter. De Gorris states that this disorder is not unlike paralysis of the pupil; and my own view is that the sun’s rays in March may cause some liquefaction in the brain and visual nerves; this so weakens the tonus of the uvea, the tunic of the eye, that it collapses. These children spend the whole winter in extremely warm damp stables, and when the winter breaks up, which happens about the equinox, they sally forth from these dens and expose their bare heads to the sun’s rays; this is very liable to cause a diffusion of the humors followed by dilation of the pupil and a consequent weakness of vision due to the admission of such intense light. Towards the end of April, the influx of humors has been effectually dispersed by the sun’s rays, the pupil contracts and is restored to its natural tension, and so without any remedy the eyesight is completely restored. O Furthermore, in summer farmers are very often attacked by acute and ardent fevers, especially when the wrath of ‘raging Leo’ begins to scorch them. In autumn they are subject to dysentery, and this we may ascribe to their eating the fruits of the season and to other errors of diet. Autumn is the regular time for them to steep hemp and flax in the pools of the marshes. This task is generally assigned to women, who, in order to drag out the bundles of hemp and clean them, wade up to the waist in lakes and pools; as a result of this filthy task many of them are attacked by acute fever, which is very quickly fatal; we may suppose that this is caused not only by constriction of the pores of the skin and checked transpiration but also by the fact that the animal spirits are utterly destroyed by that terrible pestilential stench which pollutes the whole neighborhood. This above all others is the season when city folk are cautious and with good reason about paying country visits; for then from every farm there comes a disgusting odor. Father Kircher considers that this odor alone is the cause of the highly malignant plague that certain cities have experienced from time to time. Schenck in his Observations, Pedro ‘a Castro, Simon Paulli, and others fully demonstrate the virulent quality of the vapors that rise from the water in which hemp has been steeped. As for the influence of smells, whatever it may be, women who are subject to fits of hysterics know well how powerful it is. Another thing that seriously injures the health of farmers is their careless habit of piling dung for manuring the fields; they place these heaps in from on the 630 Papers and Proceedings Appendix cowhouses and pigsties and even their own houses, which may truly be called Augean stables, and keep them there all through the summer, for a nosegay, and inevitably the air is polluted by the foul effluvia that incessantly rise from them. For this reason Hesiod disapproved of manuring the fields and desired that farmers should consider their own health rather than the fertility of the soil. Paolo Zacchias remarks that gardeners very often suffer from cachexy and dropsy, this is because they have to keep watering the’ gardens and are obliged to spend their time on ground so damp that their bodies cannot fail to absorb a great deal of moisture. I remember the case of a patient of mine, a kitchen-gardener, who had become partly paralysed; he had entirely lost the use on one of his legs, through its sensibility was not impaired; in the other leg there was no sensation but its motility was not affected; by taking a decoction of guaiacum and many other remedies, for several years, he finally recovered. Hippocrates records a case which I will quote: "A man who lay ill in the garden of Dealcis had heaviness in the head and pain in the right temple for a long time. He caught fever from some exciting cause, and took to his bed." In his comment on this case history, Galen flares up against Sabinus who held that the word ‘garden’ had been interpolated in the text of Hippocrates; as though in Galen’s view this indicated the real occasion of the disease; certainly Galen seems to have condemned the air of gardens on account of the manure and the pernicious exhalations form trees, e.g. box, and from similar plants. Those who live near meadows are also subject to the aforesaid diseases, for meadows nearly always make the air unhealthy for the same reasons. Hence we find in Zacchias under Furisconsults: Meadow and what the word signifies, that an action may lie against a neighbor who intends to convert arable land into pasture. It follows that those who work in meadows, for instance mowing hay, suffer from serious disorders. Now what can the medical profession do to protect these tillers of the soil whom we need so much? To suggest to our farmers in Italy any precautions of a medical sort that might safeguard them seems little short of absurd since they seldom or never consult doctors about this and when one does make some suggestion they pay no attention. All that I can do is to offer certain warnings as to their treatment that it would be well to heed whenever they are brought to the city and are laid up in a hospital with any of the maladies I have mentioned, or when they do call in a doctor, as happens now and again when they can well afford it. My first warning, then, is that in cases of pleurisy or other diseases of the chest you must not draw blood as freely as you would from townspeople; for their bodies are worn out by unremitting toil, and it takes very little to bring on collapse; moreover, their blood is almost wholly of a gelatinous consistency, and its volatile elements have been used up; hence if an excessive amount of blood is drawn from them their strength collapses, and they are unable to wash out the disease by expectoration or vomiting. I am well aware that there are some who think that we ought to resort to more drastic venesection when the blood is seen to be so thick, for this, they say, would stimulate the circulation; but this is easily said. They should consult the learned Bellini and see with what caution one must proceed when one tries by venesection to remove blood from some part to which there has been an excessive flow. This at least is certain, that the blood does not flow through its channels of its own accord and by the force of its own gravity; it is the spirits that supply the driving force, Surgeon General’s Conference on Agricultural Safety and Health - 1991 631 Excerpts from Diseases of Workers aided by the action of the heart; so that if the spirits are enfeebled, instead of stimulating the circulation of the blood you make it slow down still more. Baillou raises this question: The bodies of servants, men and women alike, are in other respects hard, compact, and soiled and their health is not so easily upset as that of the gentry; why then when they are ill are they more easily upset as that of the gentry; why then when they are ill are they more easily prostrated by purging and venesection then are persons whose bodies are less compact and more delicate? Of the various reasons that he offers for this, the most important is that their bodies are so thick and distended by hardened viscera that they do not easily yield to purgatives, nor do they derive much benefit from phlebotomy; we may say the same of country-people. Hippocrates too describes a certain constitution in which all the female slaves who were attacked by quinsy died of it, whereas it was not fatal to free-born maidens. It follows that in diagnosing diseases and applying treatment you should take into account not only the bodily habit of the patients but also their mode of life and occupations. Many indeed are the mistakes that to my knowledge are made in treating these country-people, simply because on account of their robustness they are supposed to be able to stand stronger remedies than the townsfolk. Often enough, and always with compassion, I see poor peasants brought in to the public hospitals and handed over to young doctors just out of the medical school; I see their strength utterly exhausted by powerful cathartics and repeated phlebotomy, with no attention paid to the fact that they are unaccustomed to strong remedies or that their strength is enfeebled by the fatigues they have undergone. This is why so many of them prefer to face death in their huts rather than take leave of this life in a hospital after their veins have been drained of blood and their bellies emptied and exhausted by drugs. Every year when the harvest is over in the Roman Campagna, the hospitals of Rome fill up with reapers who have fallen sick; and it is a question which cuts off more reapers, the scythe of Death or the surgeon’s lancet. I must say that I have often had cause to wonder how so many of these people when attacked by acute diseases managed to recover, I do not say without the aid of any remedy, for that would not surprise me, but on a rich and even sumptuous diet; for however poor these farmers may be, when one of them falls sick the neighbors hasten to bring them eggs and chickens with which they make dainty dishes, and in this way they either manage to defy the virulence of the disease or to hasten their release from the life of toil and trouble that they lead; so that with us it has come to be a common saying that the peasant class when death takes them to himself pass over well nourished and with full bellies; but the city folk perish miserable of hunger and starvation while the doctors torture them. But when the former begin to recover, they go back to their regular diet of garlic and onions and devour them greedily as one would sweetmeats, and moreover they consider them a strengthening food. I can well believe that that acrid sort of aliment may answer the purpose of a medicament, for their stomachs and the whole blood mass tend to sourness, especially in the autumn after the summer’s work is finished, and so onions and 632 Papers and Proceedings Appendix garlic, like other anti-scorbutic remedies, will serve to dissolve that viscid substance and to correct acidity. I know many of them who have driven off quartan fevers by a diet of garlic and onions with strong wine in mid-winter. Galen records the case of a rustic who was seized the colic pains and cured himself in the following way: He tightened his belt, then devoured garlic and bread and exercised himself by keeping at his usual work all day; by these means be got rid of the pain of colic. "I should therefore", says Galen, "call garlic the peasant’s theriac, and anyone who forbids Thracians or Gauls, in short those who live in cold countries, to eat garlic will be giving them harmful advice." Another remedy that our farmers use to cure colic is this; they take the leaves of ground-pine, pound them, and with yolks of eggs make a poultice and apply it to the abdomen. In Hippocrates is a curious case history form which I quote: "There are certain postures that give relief, e.g. the man whose work was plaiting and twisting twigs with his hand; the pain was such that he took to his bed; but he seized the top of a pole that was fixed above this head, gripped it firmly and the pain was relieved." Hippocrates does not say in what part the pain was, and Galen in his note on the passage thinks it was in the hand; but Valles decides that the pain was most violent and was piercing him as if with something pointed, he placed the end of a wooden pole and pressed hard on it; for pains of this sort are, he says, much relieved, “by strong pressure, by tossing the body about and changing one’s posture." This is just what nature teaches us when we have a stomach-ache, namely, that we should press hard with the hand or fist on the painful part; this prevents it from becoming distended and swelling up. That is why Hippocrates recommended pressure with the hand when women have fits of hysterics, so that the womb might be kept in its proper place, and I have often found this sort of remedy very effectual, in fact much more that the whole outfit of remedies for hysterics. I could write at much greater length on the proper treatment of these farmers, but let me sum up: As far as we may gather from actual experience and from sound reasoning, since they are enfeebled by constant toil and ill-nourished from an unwholesome diet, we must not exhaust their bodies by copious and repeated blood-letting and purging; emetics they can stand more easily, cupping with scarification in continuous fevers very often gives wonderfully good results, whether because they have great confidence in this remedy or perhaps because of some other factor of which we know nothing. When it is necessary to administer some sort of antidote, let it be chosen from the class that are volatile; this will be in conformity with nature, for they are accustomed to sweating not only in summer but in winter too; for men who exercise constantly always sweat easily. When they no longer have to battle with disease and are beginning to convalesce, they should be allowed to return to their poor homes and to resume the diet to which they are accustomed. Plato was quite right in ridiculing they physician Herodicus for wanting to prescribe rules of diet for artisans. It follows that in my opinion men of this class should be treated by the direct and summary method; any other that is roundabout and calls for an outfit of various sorts Surgeon General's Conference on Agricultural Safety and Health - 1991 633 Excerpts from Diseases of Workers gradually consumes the strength of these peasant folk: “Who seeks to cure, but makes it worse." DISEASES OF FISHERMEN O FARMERS plough the earth and sow and thus by plenteous crops supply food to the population, so fishermen plough the seas and rivers and by catching fish greatly contribute to the food supply and furnish dainties for the table. For the mainland would not suffice to feed such vast multitudes if the seas did not reinforce it with a supply of fish. Thus when the price of grain is high, coastal cities and seaports suffer less than ‘nland towns and districts. We know that there are certain peoples called Ichthyophagi, because their only food is fish, e.g. those who live near the Red Sea, who broil fish on stones made red-hot by the sun and thus they make bread. Medicine therefore, which as Hippocrates says comes to the aid of all men, ought to take as much care of fishermen as of farmers whenever, as very often happens, they fall ill. Now when a doctor happens to have some fisherman entrusted to his care, let him carefully consider that theirs is a very toilsome and exacting calling; that the man has to endure the cruel buffets of the winds, freezing cold in winter, and in summer scorching heat; he should consider what kind of food he eats and how irregular is the sort of life he leads, so that, while other workers when wearied by the day’s toil go to their homes and spend the night in comfort in their beds, restoring their strength by sleep, for fishermen the night is usually spent in toil and sleepless. Thus the Apostles complained to our Saviour that they had toiled the whole night and taken nothing. Pitiable therefore is the lot of these workers, for since they very often have no other home than a small boat, when they fall ill they are obliged to go into a hospital, where it is impossible to enter on the precise and proper treatment for them unless the doctor knows clearly in what sort of occupation the patient is engaged. The clothes of fishermen are always wet through, hence they are exposed to diseases that arise from obstruction of transpiration; such are acute fevers, chest troubles, pleurisy, pneumonia, coughs, dyspnoea, and similar diseases. They live mainly on fish, and of the inferior sort, since the better kinds are reserved for the tables of men or rank, as in the story of that huge turbot about which Juvenal wrote his Fourth Satire; this diet produces in them a cachectic habit, which ends in dropsy. There is a saying of Hippocrates: "Food too weak to nourish has a brief life"; that means, according to the admirable note of Valles, that if you want to prolong your life such food will not help much. Hence Lievin Lemmens was right in saying that if you eat fish you need to eat more bread because fish very quickly putrefies. These men spend all their time in places that are very damp, and they are therefore subject to leg-ulcers that are difficult to cure. However, it is well to know that the ulcers of men engaged in fishing in rivers and marshes are very different from those that afflict sea-fishers; for fresh-water fishermen have foul ulcers that readily degenerate into gangrene, but sea-fishers have dry rough ulcers, as is remarked by Hippocrates, On the use of liquids, 7; and he prescribes fomentation with sea-water as the treatment for this kind of ulcer. Marziano has an excellent note on the passage. Though it would seem to the highly irrational to foment dry rough ulcers with sea-water, which is so sharp and biting that it is an irritant and 634 Papers and Proceedings Appendix increases any discharge, he says that Hippocrates was right to prescribe it, for the following reasons: The ulcers of sea-fishers are very hard and dry, and by inducing irritation you can provoke suppuration; now unless ulcers suppurate you cannot heal then, a fact which Galen also notes. But you must treat differently the ulcers of those who carry on their fishing in rivers and marshy places; for foul ulcers of this sort applications that are drying but not irritating will be best. As Hippocrates says: "A dry ulcer is nearly well, but a wet ulcer is far from well." Sea-fishers suffer very much from constriction of the bowels, in spite of the fact that they eat much more that those who live ashore. Helmont remarks on this and says it is because the air they breathe is saturated with saline vapors; this whets the appetite and at the same time makes the bowels hard; also they eat more on account of the movement of the waves which constantly renews the air; this gives a stimulus to the fermentation of the blood. Now clusters of sea-water, though they are very effective for moving the bowels, actually induce dryness later. There is a noteworthy passage in Hippocrates. "People are mistaken about saline waters, from lack of experience, in that they think they relax the bowels and promote stools, whereas they in fact seriously hinder evacuation of the bowels and stools." Then let those who prescribe for constriction of the bowels sharp clusters with a great deal of salt learn from this how far they are astray from the path trodden by our inspired teacher. Therefore, for constriction of the bowels in fishermen it is more suitable to give softening and oily clusters; they should swallow mild lenitives and cathartics. It is a known fact that fishermen are sometimes attacked with torpor and numbness of the arms and feet when, among the fish in the nets, there happens to be a cramp-fish, for the sea, like the land, has its venomous creatures, as Pliny records. This happens, not only by direct contact but also from a venomous aura, which is transmitted to the man’s arm by the fishing-line or this spear; this is the explanation given by Dioscorides, Pliny, Mattioli, and others but from numerous experiments made by Stefano Lorenzini it is now certain that the fish can do this by bodily contact only, and that not every part of it has this faculty but only certain sickle-shaped muscles. The stupefying powers of the cramp- fish and the remedies to be used are fully described by Sennert. DISEASES OF WORKERS WITH WOOD Next to corn and fruit the most useful thing that Nature has produced for man is trees and woods, indeed, as Pliny justly says: "At first, man’s food came from trees, he made his cave softer with leaves and dressed in bark." Later, the saw was invented, and men began to cut trees into boards and so to make houses and a thousand other things for the use of mankind. We may conclude that Lyon in France was formerly built entirely of Wood, for Seneca tells us that that city was burnt down in a single night; so that the peasants who as usual came there in the early morning had not heard of this calamity, and when they came near and saw no city there they were thunderstruck and marvelled what had become of Lyon. Hence Seneca, where he deplores the misfortunes of mankind, exclaims: "For centuries a wood, and in a moment, ashes." Even today in regions far north there are cities built entirely of wood, Moscow, for instance, where there are huge warehouses in which stand for sale houses ready-made of whatever kind is Surgeon General's Conference on Agricultural Safety and Health - 1991 635 Excerpts from Diseases of Workers needed, large, small, and medium-sized to suit the buyer’s fancy, so that in a few days one can have a house all finished on a chosen site. The carpenter’s trade, though we class such men under one head, is subdivided into several separate callings; some make only coaches and carriages, others casks and vats, others only ships. Some only carve with the chisel ornamental frames for mirrors and pictures; these are to be gilded later. Generally speaking, carpentering is a toilsome business and greatly fatigues the workers, but those who suffer most are the men who with a saw cut up trees into boards. This kind of work is very tiring; they place the squared tree-trunks so that they rest on two logs, and one workman stands on the trunk, the other under it while with a large saw they cut up the trunk, guided by lines painted on it in red. Hippocrates in Regimen I, describes admirably their method of working: "As when sawyers cut up timber with a saw; one pulls the other pushes, though both are of course doing the same thing; the man who presses downwards pulls at the man above him, otherwise the saw could not move downwards; but if they use too much force they will make a mess of the whole job.". The man who is above the trunk has to work harder than the man underneath for he has to pull a rather heavy saw upwards, but the man working underneath suffers severely from the sawdust that keeps falling into his eyes and his mouth too; this makes his eyes red and painful afterwards, for he has to keep blinking them nearly all the time. Those too who work at the lathe, especially when the wood is box, olive, or turpentine tree or the like, find their task very fatiguing; for they are obliged to put an incessant strain on the hands and arms in order to control the chisel and with it by degrees shave off the right amount according to the design of the work, the right foot is always at work to keep the wood that is to be shaped turning round and round; moreover they must keep the eyes fixed on the work, and from that rotary motion of the wood the eyes contract some injury from the material that they handle, except sometimes from cypress wood, for there are persons who cannot endure its pungent smell, and it gives them headache. For carpenters I have no precautions to suggest except this: They should be moderate and not overwork, lest they bring diseases on themselves by being too much set on making money, and so by refusing to give in be forced later on to take a holiday from their business for many days. Gentle rubbing with oil will be beneficial, as it is for all workers who are exhausted by overwork. They must also consider their eyes, and to lessen their suffering as much as may be they should now and again stop working; and if these are subject to pain and redness they should be bathed with mild lotings, e.g. barley- water, violet-water, or woman’s milk. But if from some other cause they are attacked by acute diseases, the doctor should be as cautious about administering strong remedies as in the case of other workers whose strength has been seriously exhausted by excessive toil.O 636 Papers and Proceedings