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9. Respiratory infections are more prevalent and severe among
cigarette smokers, particularly heavy smokers, than among
nonsmokers,

10. Cigarette smokers appear to develop postoperative pulmo-
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191
BRONCHOPULMON=RY

APPENDIX TABLED
TABLE A2.—Smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease symptoms'—percent prevalence
(Numbers in parentheses represent total number of individuals in particular smoking group)

EX = Ex-smokers.

 

Number and
type of
population

Other Comments

 

2,031 male and

female insurance

policy holders.

NS.........10.9
SM .........18.0

Chest illnesses
as repre-
sented by
frequent
colds.

 

8,602 male and
2,242 female
clerical
workers 40-65
years of age.

Chronic Bronchitis Chronie

Males bronchitis
NS .......15.8 (474) defined by
SM .......18.4 (1,940) habitual
Females cough and
NS .......12.1 (619) sputum
SM .......18.8 (579) production.

 

1,274 male

factory workers

without overt
pulmonary
disease or
heart failure.

SM = Smokers. NS = Nonsmokers.
Breathlessness
Cough Sputum production or dyspnea
NS....... 1.6 (496)
SM ....... 6.4(1,293)
NS....... 2.0 (451)
SM .......51.0 (823)

 

301 male and
280 female
rural dwellers
25-74 years of
age,

Cough and sputum

Males Males
NS .......0. 7.1 (28) NS..........
SM .........538.9 (222) SM..........

Females Females
NS......... 4.5 (176) NS..........
SM .........17.2 (98) SM..........

Chronic Bronchitig

Males

NS 3.6

SM ....... 9.9
Females

NS 3.4

SM 8.6

 

Sé6L
961

TABLE A2.—Snoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary, disease symptoms'—percent prevalence (cont.)
(Numbers in parentheses represent total number of individuals in particular smoking group)

SM = Smokers.

NS = Nonsmokers.

EX = Ex-smokers.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Author,
year, Number and Breathlessness
country, type of Cough Sputum production or dyspnea Chest illnesses Other Comments
reference population
Higgins 94 males and Females Males Males Chronte bronchitis
and 92 females Cough and sputum NS. 33.3 NS..... 0.0 Males
Cochran, randomly chosen NS ......--- (6) SM. .....29.3 SM..... 16.0 NS ....... 0.0
1958, (members of an $ ..24.0 (75) Females Females SM ....... 6.7
England agricultural .. Bl (64) NS ..... 02... 45.3 NS ..... 10.9 Females
(114). community.) . 3.0 (20) SM............20.0 SM..... 10.0 NS ....... 0.0
SM . 6.0
Edwards 1,737 male out- Chronic bronchitis
etal., patients on NS .......16.6 (151)
1959, lists of Cigarettes 29.7 (T79)
England general prac- 1-9 .. 23.4 (235)
(74). titioners >60 10-19 - 81.2 (369)
years of age. >20 - 338.7 (175)
Pipe 18.5 (840)
Flick 222 male NS .......10,0 (51) NS.........25.0 (49) NS..... 30.0 (47)
and patients not SM .......55.0 (157) SM.........65.0 (156) SM. - 60.0(188)
Paton, suffering from
1959, overt cardio-
U\S.A. pulmonary
(86). disease, 20-90
years of age.
Higgins 776 males in Cough and sputum Chronic bronchitis
et al., various SM......... 71 (85) NS............ 94 NS..... Td SM ...... 14.3
1959, occupations NS .........36.9 (575) SM.......,.....24.9 SM..... 20.2 NS 3.5
England 25-64 years
(116). of age.

 
Zé6l

TaBLe A2.—Smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease symptoms'—percent prevalence (cont.)
(Numbers in parentheses represent total number of individuals in particular smoking group)

SM = Smokers.

NS = Nonsmokers.

EX = Ex-smokers.

 

 

 

 

Author,
year, Number and Breathlessness
country, type of Cough Sputum production or dyspnea Chest illnesses Other Comments
reference population

Higgins, 393 males in Cough and sputum Chronic bronchitis Chronic
1959, various NS ........ 6.1 (33) NS.......... 18.2 NS.......... 3.0 NS ...... 6.0 bronchitis
England occupations 1-14 g./day 9.7 (173) 1-14 ¢./day 30.1 1-14g./day 23.7 1-14 ¢./day 13.9 defined as

(113). 55-64 years DIB ow... 42.3 (142) 1B... 888 DIB LL... 28.9 1B... 17.6 persistent
of age. sputum and
at least 1
chest illness
in past 3
years.
Tobacco gram
equivalents
are:
1 cigarette
= 1lgram,
leigar =
2-5 grams,
1 pipe =
10-25 grams.
Liebeschuetz,147 male NS....... 0.0 (52)
1959, soldiers SM....... 18.0 (88)
England 20-30 years
(156). of age.

Ashford 4,014 male Respiratory symptoma Respiratory
etal., coal workers. NS wees 103 (677) symptoms—
1961, EX ......19.5 (123) “bronchitis
England Cigarettes 21.1 (1,504) and/or
{ift). Pipe only 35.1 (202) asthma’’. No

Cigarettes dose rela-
and pipe 37.1 (90) tionship
ANISM ...21.7 (3,214) found.

  

 
86L

TABLE A2.—Smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease symptoms'—percent prevalence (cont.)
(Numbers in parentheses represent total number of individuals in particular smoking group)

SM = Smokers.

NS = Nonsmokers. EX = Ex-smokers.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Author,
year, Number and Breathlessness
country, type of Cough Sputum production or dyspnea Chest illnesses Other Comments
reference population
Bower, 95 male and NS........ 4.1 (49) NS ........ 20.4 NS ...... 34.7 Chest illness—
1961, 77 female SM........27.6 (76) SM ........ 34.2 SM ...... 38.2 chest colds
U.S.A. bank employees Pipe, cigar (18) Pipe, cigar 15.4 Pipe, cigar during each
(Al). 40-70 years 53.9 of last 2
of age. winters.
Fletcher and 363 male London NS ........ .. (80) NS voces cee 8.7 NS ....... eee ee NS...... 4.3
Tinker, transport 1-14 g./day 15.5 (156) 1-14g./day ..29.9 1-14 g./day .. 8.2 1-14 g./day
1961, employees >15 woes 27,3 (116) DIB wee. ae. 36,9 D>1B ......... 8.6 8.2
England 40-50 years >15 2... 10.7
(85). of age.
Read 170 male and Males
and 132 female NS........ 4.4
Selby, individuals SM ........28.1
1961, interviewed EX ........21.2
Australia in an out- Females
(191). patient NS........ 49
elinic (not SM ........18,6
all patients).
Balchum 1,451 male NS ........10.2 (253) NS .......... 11.0 NS... eee ee 9.8
etal. light SM ....... .23.3(1,198) SM... - 80.4 SM ........0. 14,5
1962, industry <1 pack- <1 pack- <1 pack-year .10.0
U.S.A. employees in (257) year . 12.0 1- 9 ........12.0
(24). California, (263) 1- 9 .....,.,18.0 10-19 ........11.0
0 (303) 10-19 ......0e 82.0 20-29 ........ 18.0
20-29 ..... 21.0 (236) 20-29 ++ 84,0 30-39 ........ 21.0
30-39 28.0 (144) 30-39 . . 40.0 40-49 13.0
40-49 39.0 (92) 40-49 ........ 37.0 50-59 .......- 38.0
50-59 ..... 34.0 (29) 50-59 «45.0 >60 29.0
>60 -50.0 (24) >60 .-62.0

 
66t

TABLE A2.—Smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease symptoms'—percent prevalence (cont.)
(Numbers in parentheses represent total number of individuals in particular smoking group)

SM = Smokers.

Author,

NS = Nonsmokers.

EX = Ex-smokers.

 

 

 

year, Number and Breathlessness
country, type of Cough Sputum production or dyspnea Chest illnesses Other Comments
reference population
Boucot 6,137 males NS wo... eee 18.0 (806)
et al., 1962, enrolling SM ........31,5 (5,381)
U.S.A. in pulmonary
(86). neoplasm project.
Ferris 90 male and Chronic Nonspecific
et al, 71 female Respiratory Disease
1962, flax mill- Males Females
U.S.A. workers. NS ..15,0(20) 10.0(60)
(82). EX ..12.5(16)
1-20 .27.8(22) ..
>20 53.1(382) 60.0 (4)
Ferris 542 male and Chronic bronchitis Age-specific
and 625 female Males rates.
Anderson, residents of NS .......18.8 (126)
1962, New Hampshire EX ....... 11.9 (17)
U.S.A. town chosen Cigarettes 40.3 (340)
(81). by random 1-10 ....,29.8
sampling of 11-20 ..... 34.2
census. 21-30 .....42.3
31-40 .... 61.1
D>41 .....,75.8
Females
NS ....... 94 (878)
EX .......10.8 (87)
Cigarettes 19.8 (208)
1-10 .....13.1
11-20 ..... 22.2
21-30
31-40 27.3
D>41 ow...

 
002

Tapie A2.—Smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease symptoms'—percent pre valenec (cont.)
(Numbers in parentheses represent total number of individuals in particular smoking group)
SM = Smokers. NS = Nonsmokers. EX = Ex-smokers.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Author,
year, Number and Breathlessness
country, type of Cough Sputum production or dyspnea Chest illnesses Other Comments
reference population

Goldsmith 3,381 active Respiratory
etal., or retired conditions
1962, longshoremen. NS .-.. 81.4 (744)

U.S.A. Moderate/ heavy
(95). smokers 43.0 (1,238)

Coates 1,342 male and Cough and chronic phlegm Current
etal., 242 female NS. .....11.2 (747) NS ...14.7 NS ...... 4.0 smoking
1965, Detroit post 1-14 ...12.7 (266) (not sig.) 1-14 .28.2(p<0.001) 1-14 5.3(not sig.) data.
U.S.A. office 15-24 ...27.6 (402) (p<{0.001) 15-24 .30.7 (p<0.001) 15-24 ....17.2(p<0.001)

(53). employees. >25 . 36.4 (170) (p<0.001) >25). 34,1 (p<0.001) S25... 25.3 (p<0,001)

Deane 508 tele- Persistent cough, NS includes
et al., phone phlegm, dyspnea ex-smokers,
1965, company NS ....... 4.5 (200) pipe, and

U.S.A. workers. Current cigarette cigar
(67), smokers 15.9 (308) smokers.

Huhti, 653 male and Males Chronic bronchitis Ex-smokers
1965, 823 female NS NS ........-5 15.6 Males represent
Finland residents of EX. EX ..........24.8 NS wees BT those who
(126). a Finnish 1-14 ........ 25.0 EX .......16.3 have

communal 15-24 ........ 26.2 1-14 .....38.0 stopped
region, >25 ve eee ee B18 15-24 . 41.4 smoking
40-64 years Females >25 «2... 40.0 for more
of age. NS oe 29.2 Females than 1
EX .... . 388.3 NS ...... 4.5 month.
1-14 . 14.3 EX ......13.3 Dyspnea
15-24 21.0.2. 14.0 1-14 .....10.4 Grade II
>25 vhs 15-25) 57.0 only.

  

Dep gt