ORIGINAL

ADDRESS
By

C, Everett Koop. M.D., Sc.D.
SURGEON GENERAL
OF THE
U.S. PuBiic HEALTH SERVICE
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

PRESENTED TO THE
SURGEON GENERAL’S WoRKSHOP ON DRUNK DRIVING

WASHINGTON, D.C.

DECEMBER 14, 1988
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(GREETINGS TO HOSTS, GUESTS, FRIENDS, ETC.)

I WANT TO THANK YOU ALL FOR TRAVELING TO THIS WORKSHOP FROM
SO MANY PARTS OF THE COUNTRY. YOU REPRESENT A CROSS-SECTION OF A
NATION DEEPLY CONCERNED ABOUT THE ANNUAL TOLL OF DEATH AND
DISABILITY CAUSED BY DRUNK AND DRUGGED DRIVERS.

YOU WERE CHOSEN BY A THOUGHTFUL, HARD-WORKING INTERAGENCY
PLANNING COMMITTEE. ITS MEMBERS CAME FROM 5 CABINET-LEVEL
DEPARTMENTS: TRANSPORTATION, JUSTICE, EDUCATION, DEFENSE, AND
HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES.

1‘D HARDLY CALL IT A PAROCHIAL GROUP AND I’M DELIGHTED THAT
THEY FOUND THE NAME AND ADDRESS OF EACH ONE OF YOU,

I ALSO WISH TO RECOGNIZE A MEMBER OF THE HOUSE OF
REPRESENTATIVES WHO IS WITH US TODAY ... CONGRESSMAN WILLIAM F.
GOODLING OF PENNSYLVANIA,

CONGRESSMAN GOODLING HAS BEEN A DEDICATED AND TIRELESS
LEADER IN EVERY MAJOR EFFORT BY THE U.S. CONGRESS TO FIGHT THE
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SCOURGE OF DRUNK DRIVING. THE AMERICAN PEOPLE ARE VERY FORTUNATE

TO HAVE HAD HIM ON THEIR SIDE SO FAR ... AND WE CAN LOOK AHEAD
TO HIS CONTINUED LEADERSHIP AND SUPPORT IN THE 101st CONGRESS,
WHEN IT CONVENES NEXT MONTH,

WELCOME, CONGRESSMAN GOODLING ... I’M VERY PLEASED TO HAVE
YOU WITH US THIS AFTERNOON,

ALL OF YOU, GATHERED HERE THIS WEEK, ARE RESPECTED EXPERTS
IN THIS FIELD, BUT THAT DOESN’T MEAN YOU ALL THINK ALIKE. I'M
SURE AS THE WORKSHOP SESSIONS CONTINUE, WE WILL BE AWARE OF THE
WIDE RANGE OF OPINIONS AND INTERESTS THAT ARE REPRESENTED HERE.

I KNOW THIS IS NOT THE BEST TIME OF YEAR TO ASK PEOPLE TO
LEAVE THEIR HOMES AND FAMILIES AND SPEND A FEW DAYS AT A
CONFERENCE. BUT I BELIEVE THAT THIS WORKSHOP IS DIFFERENT,
THERE’S AN URGENCY ABOUT THE SUBJECT: DRUNK AND DRUGGED DRIVING,
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THE URGENCY IS ALMOST PALPABLE IN THE MANY LETTERS THAT COME

IN TO MY OFFICE FROM STATE AND LOCAL OFFICIALS OF EVERY AREA OF
THE COUNTRY.

THE URGENCY IS ALSO CLEAR IN THE CARDS, LETTERS, AND TELE-
GRAMS I’VE RECEIVED FROM SURVIVING FAMILY MEMBERS GRIEVING OVER
THE LOSS OF A LOVED ONE ... SOMEONE KILLED BY A DRUNK DRIVER,

THE URGENCY IS CLEAR FROM THE RESPONSE WE’VE ALREADY HAD TO
THE ALCOHOLISM AND ALCOHOL ABUSE INITIATIVE LAUNCHED BY
SECRETARY OTIS R. BOWEN LAST YEAR AND REINFORCED AT A MAJOR
NATIONAL MEETING IN SAN DIEGO THIS PAST OCTOBER.

AND IT’S CLEAR FROM THE SENTIMENT EXPRESSED BY 99 UNITED
STATES SENATORS AND FROM A UNANIMOUS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,
WHO HAVE ASKED ME TO TAKE ON THIS ISSUE AND DO WHATEVER I CAN TO
BRING IT UNDER CONTROL.

ALTHOUGH THEY ARE NOT HERE TODAY, I DO WANT TO RECOGNIZE
TWO OTHER INDIVIDUALS WHO HAVE BEEN OF IMMEASURABLE HELP IN THE
UNITED STATES SENATE ... SENATOR CLAIBORNE PELL OF RHODE ISLAND
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AND SENATOR JOHN W. WARNER OF VIRGINIA, THE TWO GENTLEMEN WHO CO-

SPONSORED THAT LETTER SIGNED BY THEM AND 97 OF THEIR COLLEAGUES.

AND, AGAIN, CONGRESSMAN WOODLING CAN TAKE GREAT CREDIT FOR
THE PASSAGE OF THAT RESOLUTION -- HOUSE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION 276
-- IN THE RECENT 100TH CONGRESS.

THE CONGRESS KNOWS -- AS I CERTAINLY DO, AND AS MOST OF YOU
KNOW, ALSO -- THAT THE POWERS OF THE SURGEON GENERAL ARE
CAREFULLY CIRCUMSCRIBED.

1 DO NOT ALLOCATE FUNDS ... OR OPERATE PROGRAMS ... OR CARRY
OUT ANY SPECIFIC LEGISLATION. NOR DO I PRETEND THAT I DO.

ON THE OTHER HAND, THE POWER AND AUTHORITY OF MY OFFICE ARE
HEAVILY INVESTED IN PUBLIC EDUCATION.

MY PRINCIPLE ASSIGNMENT, THEREFORE, IS TO INFORM THE
AMERICAN PEOPLE OF ANY THREATS TO THEIR HEALTH AND TO ADVISE
THEM OF WAYS TO AVOID SUCH THREATS, IF THEY ARE KNOWN,
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I INHERITED THAT POWER AND AUTHORITY, WHEN I ASSUMED THE

OFFICE OF SURGEON GENERAL OVER 7 YEARS AGO. AND THE CREDIT FOR
THAT GOES TO MY 12 PREDECESSORS, GOING BACK FOR MORE THAN A
CENTURY.

AND WHEN THE TIME COMES FOR ME TO TAKE MY LEAVE, I HOPE AND
PRAY THAT I WILL HAVE DONE NOTHING TO COMPROMISE THE INTEGRITY
AND CREDIBILITY OF THIS GREAT OFFICE. ON THE CONTRARY, I HOPE
I ALSO MIGHT BE REMEMBERED AS HAVING DONE SOMETHING TO FURTHER
STRENGTHEN THIS OFFICE IN THE EYES OF THE NATION,

IN THIS MATTER OF DRUNK DRIVING, THE SURGEON GENERAL'S ROLE
IS VIRTUALLY NOTHING MORE -- BUT CERTAINLY NOTHING LESS -- THAN
PUBLIC EDUCATION. |

AND BY “THE PUBLIC,” I INCLUDE NOT ONLY LAY CITIZENS BUT
ALSO MY COLLEAGUES AT ALL LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT -- FEDERAL,
STATE, AND LOCAL -- AND MY FELLOW CITIZENS IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR,
BOTH IN PROFIT AND NON-PROFIT ACTIVITIES.
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AS SURGEON GENERAL, I HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY TO SPEAK TO THEM

ALL. AND I DO, WHETHER THEY ARE COMFORTABLE WITH WHAT I HAVE TO
SAY «1+ OR NOT,

ONE OF THE MECHANISMS I HAVE USED FOR THIS PURPOSE IS THE
"SURGEON GENERAL’S WORKSHOP. ”

THE WORKSHOP PROVIDES, AS IT WERE, AN UMBRELLA UNDER WHICH
INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS REPRESENTING MANY DIVERSE INTERESTS AND
POINTS OF VIEW CAN ASSEMBLE AND TALK OUT AN ISSUE OF SIGNIFICANCE
TO THE HEALTH OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE.

THAT UMBRELLA -- TO BE EFFECTIVE -- HAS TO BE NEUTRAL.
HENCE, LET ME ASSURE ALL OF YOU THAT I DO NOT COME TO THIS
WORKSHOP WITH ANY PRE-ARRANGED CONCLUSIONS OR RECOMMENDATIONS OR
ANY PRE-SET IDEAS ABOUT WHAT WE SHOULD DO NEXT.

BUT LET THERE BE NO MISTAKE: I AM NOT NEUTRAL ABOUT THE
ISSUE OF DRUNK DRIVING. NO SENSIBLE PERSON CAN BE NEUTRAL ABOUT
THAT,
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WHERE WE DIFFER MAY BE ON THE APPROACH THAT THE UNITED

STATES SHOULD TAKE, AS A CIVILIZED SOCIETY, TO REDUCE AND MAYBE
ONE DAY ELIMINATE THIS TERRIBLE THIEF OF HEALTH AND LIFE,

[ ASK YOU TO PLEASE ADOPT THAT SPIRIT, AS YOU TAKE PART IN
THE WORKING SESSIONS TOMORROW AND FRIDAY. IN OTHER WORDS, I ASK
YOU TO BE WILLING TO SHARE YOUR IDEAS A BUT ALSO BE WILLING TO
LISTEN ... AND BE WILLING TO LEARN NEW THINGS AND MAYBE ADJUST
SOME OF YOUR THINKING, IF NEED BE,

IF WE HAVE THAT KIND OF PARTICIPATION FROM EVERYONE, THEN WE
MAY GET A GOOD DEAL CLOSER TO THE CORE OF THIS PROBLEM AND THE
ESSENCE OF ITS SOLUTION,

AND THAT BRINGS ME TO THE ANNOUNCEMENT THAT THE WORKING
SESSIONS TOMORROW AND FRIDAY WILL NOT BE OPEN TO THE PRESS, THAT
IS CONSISTENT WITH PAST PRACTICES.

I HAVE CONDUCTED OVER A DOZEN “SURGEON GENERAL’S WORKSHOPS”
DURING MY TWO TERMS IN OFFICE. THE ISSUES HAVE INCLUDED AIDS,
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LIVER TRANSPLANTATION, THE CARE OF HANDICAPPED CHILDREN, FAMILY

VIOLENCE, PORNOGRAPHY, AND SO ON,

IN EACH WORKSHOP, THE MAIN OR PLENARY SESSIONS, LIKE THIS
ONE, HAVE ALWAYS BEEN OPEN TO EVERYONE, INCLUDING THE PRESS. BUT
THE WORKING SESSIONS HAVE NOT BEEN OPEN. THEY HAVE ALWAYS BEEN
CLOSED TO NON-PARTICIPANTS ... AGAIN, INCLUDING THE PRESS,

THE REASON IS SIMPLE ENOUGH. I WANT ALL INVITED
PARTICIPANTS TO GO INTO THESE SESSIONS READY TO SPEAK THEIR MINDS
11+ READY TO ENGAGE IN OPEN AND CANDID GIVE-AND-TAKE WITH
COLLEAGUES AND COUNTERPARTS ... AND, YES, IN THE COURSE OF THE
DEBATE, READY TO CHANGE THEIR OWN MINDS, IF NEED BE.

THIS APPROACH IS NOT ONLY LEGAL, IT’S VERY SUCCESSFUL. AND
T AM SURE IT WILL BE EQUALLY SUCCESSFUL FOR US AT THIS WORKSHOP,
TOO.

LET ME ASSURE YOU, HOWEVER, THAT, WHILE THE ACTUAL
DELIBERATIONS OF THE WORKING SESSIONS WILL BE CLOSED, THE
RESULTS OF THOSE SESSIONS WILL BE MADE PUBLIC AT THE FINAL OPEN
SESSION ON FRIDAY.

THE RECOMMENDATIONS WILL BE PRESENTED TO ME BY THE PERSON
WHO LEADS EACH SESSION. I WILL TAKE A LITTLE TIME TO REVIEW
THEM AND THEN COME BACK TO YOU WITH MY RESPONSE IN THE FINAL
SESSION, FRIDAY AFTERNOON.

NOW, ONE MORE WORD ABOUT THESE RECOMMENDATIONS.

THIS IS THE “SURGEON GENERAL’S WORKSHOP.” AND IAM THE
SURGEON GENERAL. BUT I HOPE YOU WILL LOOK BEYOND THE OFFICE OF

SURGEON GENERAL, WHEN YOU MAKE YOUR RECOMMENDATIONS.

AS I INDICATED A MOMENT AGO, THERE’S REALLY ONLY ONE
RECOMMENDATION FOR THE SURGEON GENERAL, AND THAT IS FOR THAT
PERSON TO SPEAK OUT PUBLICLY ON THE ISSUE OF DRUNK DRIVING.
WELL, I’M ALREADY DOING THAT.

THAT’S WHY I URGE YOU TO SET YOUR SIGHTS BEYOND THE S.G.’S
OFFICE AND RECOMMEND FUTURE ACTION FOR EDUCATION -- STATE, LOCAL,
PUBLIC, AND PRIVATE ... FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT ... FOR THE HEALTH
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PROFESSIONS AND THE PUBLIC HEALTH COMMUNITY ... FOR THE TRANS-

PORTATION AND HIGHWAY INTERESTS ... AND FOR COMMUNICATIONS,
INCLUDING ADVERTISING AND BROADCASTING.

SO, WITH THOSE FEW GROUND RULES IN MIND, LET US MOVE FORWARD
WITH OUR AGENDA, BECAUSE TIME IS NOT ON OUR SIDE.

EVEN AS WE DELIBERATE HERE IN THE SAFETY OF THESE HOTEL
WALLS DURING THIS OTHERWISE FESTIVE SEASON OF THE YEAR, ALCOHOL
CONSUMPTION IS UP AND SO IS THE TOLL OF ALCOHOL-RELATED TRAFFIC
INJURIES AND DEATHS.

HENCE, WE CAN EXPECT THAT 1988 -- LIKE 1987 AND 1986 BEFORE
IT -- WILL BE A YEAR IN WHICH 24,000 MORE AMERICANS WILL HAVE
DIED ON OUR HIGHWAYS IN ALCOHOL-RELATED ACCIDENTS.

AND MANY THOUSANDS MORE WILL HAVE BEEN KILLED IN ACCIDENTS
THAT ARE DRUG-RELATED, A FACT WE WANT TO EMPHASIZE DURING THIS
WEEK, WHICH IS NATIONAL DRUGGED AND DRUNK DRIVING WEEK,
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DURING MY BRIEF TIME AT THIS MICROPHONE -- 20 MINUTES OR SO

-- ONE OF OUR CITIZENS WILL BE KILLED BY A DRUNK DRIVER.

WHILE YOU WERE GRABBING A QUICK LUNCH AT NOON-TIME, TWO
MORE WERE KILLED.

AND THIS EVENING, IN THE HOUR WHEN YOU RELAX OVER DINNER,
THREE MORE WILL BE KILLED IN THE SAME WAY,

AN AVERAGE OF TWO TO THREE OF OUR FELLOW CITIZENS ARE KILLED
ON OUR STREETS AND HIGHWAYS EVERY HOUR, AROUND THE CLOCK, BECAUSE
THEY OR OTHERS HAD THEIR JUDGMENT AND REFLEXES IMPAIRED BY
ALCOHOL AND OTHER DRUGS,

BY THIS TIME TOMORROW, THEN, SOME 65 AMERICANS WILL HAVE
DIED ON THE HIGHWAY IN ALCOHOL-RELATED ACCIDENTS.

THAT’S THE PICTURE IN REGARD TO ALCOHOL-RELATED FATALITIES.
BUT OVER A_MILLION ALCOHOL- AND DRUG-RELATED CRASHES OCCUR EVERY
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YEAR ON OUR HIGHWAYS AND MOST OF THEM DO NOT END IN DEATH. BUT

THEY DO RESULT IN INJURIES ... A HALF-MILLION INJURIES AT A
MINIMUM,

WHEN THE VEHICULAR WRECKAGE IS TOWED AWAY, THE HUMAN
WRECKAGE IS LEFT BEHIND -- THE PERMANENT BRAIN DAMAGE, THE
SPINAL CORD INJURIES, THE LOST OR PERMANENTLY DEFORMED LIMBS, THE
BLINDNESS AND THE IMPOTENCE ... THE LIFETIMES CRIPPLED WITH
DISABILITY AND HAUNTED BY RECURRENT NIGHTMARES OF HOW IT ALL
HAPPENED.

TENS OF THOUSANDS OF DEATHS ... HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF
INJURIES ... THOSE ARE NUMBING STATISTICS. BUT THEY ARE ALSO
MORE THAN JUST STATISTICS,

THEY ARE REAL PEOPLE ... REAL HUMAN LIVES,

UNFORTUNATELY, A DISPROPORTIONATE NUMBER OF HIGHWAY VICTIMS
ARE YOUNG PEOPLE ... YOUNG MEN AND WOMEN BETWEEN THE AGES OF 15
AND 24, NO OTHER COMPARABLE AGE COHORT HAS SUCH A RECORD OF
DEATH AND INJURY ON THE HIGHWAY.
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AND THIS AGE GROUP, BY ITSELF, ACCOUNTS FOR OVER 8,000

ALCOHOL-RELATED FATALITIES, OR ABOUT A THIRD OF ALL FATALITIES
EACH YEAR IN WHICH ALCOHOL IS IMPLICATED.

FORTUNATELY, YOUNG PEOPLE THEMSELVES ARE BECOMING MORE AND
MORE SENSITIVE TO THIS ISSUE. THAT WAS ONE OF THE MOST
ENCOURAGING ASPECTS OF THE RECENT REPORT OF THE PUBLIC HEARINGS
HELD BY THE NATIONAL COMMISSION AGAINST DRUNK DRIVING,

YOUNG PEOPLE WHO TESTIFIED AT THOSE HEARINGS SUPPORTED THE
MINIMUM DRINKING-AGE LAW ... THEY SUPPORTED SEAT-BELT LAWS ...
MORE PUBLIC EDUCATION ... AND SO ON,

ALSO, ACCORDING TO THE NATIONAL COMMISSION, YOUNG PEOPLE
THEMSELVES, “WITH NEAR UNANIMITY ... DECLARED THAT ADVERTISING
ENCOURAGES ADOLESCENTS TO DRINK” AND THE COMMISSION WENT SO FAR
AS TO RECOMMEND THAT, “IN THE ABSENCE OF ALCOHOL INDUSTRY ACTION,
LEGISLATION SHOULD BE ENACTED TO REGULATE ALCOHOL BEVERAGE
ADVERTISING,”

YOUNG PEOPLE MAY NOT BE NUMERICALLY REPRESENTED HERE AS THEY
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ARE IN THE DEATH AND INJURY STATISTICS EACH YEAR, BUT THEY SHOULD

BE UPPERMOST IN OUR MINDS DURING OUR DELIBERATIONS TODAY,
TOMORROW, AND FRIDAY,

AND NOW, A FINAL WORD ...

[’VE BEEN SPENDING SOME TIME LATELY PREPARING FOR THE 25TH
ANNIVERSARY OF THE PUBLICATION OF THE FIRST “SURGEON GENERAL’S
REPORT ON SMOKING AND HEALTH.” IN DOING SO, I’VE BEEN LOOKING
OVER THAT 25-YEAR RECORD OF PROGRESS, AND I FIND IT VERY
INSTRUCTIVE.

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO THE PUBLIC HEALTH COMMUNITY, WITH THE
SUPPORT OF CITIZENS’ GROUPS AND MEMBERS OF CONGRESS, EMBARKED
UPON A SYSTEMATIC PROGRAM OF RESEARCH INTO THE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN SMOKING AND HEALTH,

AT THE SAME TIME, AND IN A RESPONSIBLE WAY, THEY ALSO LOOKED
AT THE PUBLIC POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF THE RESEARCH RESULTS, AS
THOSE CAME TO LIGHT.
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FROM THAT INFORMATION THEY WERE ABLE TO PLAN WAYS TO HELP

THE AMERICAN PEOPLE END THEIR HIGH-RISK ROMANCE WITH TOBACCO.
CHIEF AMONG THESE WAYS WAS A FAR-REACHING PROGRAM OF PUBLIC
EDUCATION AND INSTRUCTION,

AND SO IT APPEARS TO ME THAT WE MAY NOW BE -- IN TERMS OF
ALCOHOL AND DRUNK DRIVING -- WHERE WE WERE 25 YEARS AGO IN TERMS
OF TOBACCO AND THE FATAL DISEASES CAUSED BY SMOKING.

AND THAT BRINGS ME TO THE PARTICULAR “CHARGE” FOR THIS
WORKSHOP ... THE SPECIFIC AREAS OF INTEREST I HOPE YOU ADDRESS IN
THE NEXT TWO DAYS:

*  EIRST, LET’S CONSIDER THE RESEARCH AGENDA REQUIRED
FOR THIS ISSUE OF DRUNK AND DRUGGED DRIVING.

WE KNOW QUITE A BIT ABOUT THE ISSUE NOW, BUT MUCH STILL
REMAINS TO BE LEARNED. WE CLEARLY NEED TO BUILD A
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STRONG SCIENTIFIC BASE WHICH EITHER CONFIRMS ALCOHOL ’S

ROLE IN HIGHWAY TRAUMA ... OR WHICH REFUTES THE
CONNECTION BETWEEN HIGHWAY TRAUMA AND ALCOHOL AND OTHER
DRUGS,

NEXT, WE NEED TO LOOK AT -- OR ANTICIPATE, IF POSSIBLE
-- THE MANY POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF THAT RESEARCH,

IN OTHER WORDS, WE MAY FEEL WE’RE JUSTIFIED BY
EXPERIENCE TO HAVE STRONG OPINIONS ABOUT THIS AND
THAT, BUT THE COUNTRY NEEDS AN OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF
THE KNOWLEDGE BASE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC
POLICY.

THIRDLY, -- AND ALSO ON THE STRENGTH OF AN ONGOING
RESEARCH PROGRAM AND ITS POLICY IMPLICATIONS -- WE NEED

TO LAY OUT A PLAN WITH NEAR-TERM AND LONG-TERM PUBLIC
HEALTH OBJECTIVES.
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IN OTHER WORDS, WHAT KINDS OF ACTIONS MUST WE TAKE, IN

BOTH THE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS, IN REGARD TO DRUNK
AND DRUGGED DRIVING? WHAT ARE OUR GOALS AND OBJEC-
TIVES, AND HOW SHOULD WE GO ABOUT REACHING THEM ...
SOON AND OVER THE LONG RUN.

* AND FINALLY, WE NEED TO DEVISE AN OVERALL STRATEGY FOR
CARRYING OUT SUCH A NATIONAL PLAN.

IN THESE DAYS OF RESTRICTED AND LIMITED RESOURCES, WE
MUST MAKE EVERY PERSON AND EVERY DOLLAR COUNT.

THAT MEANS NOT ONLY HAVING A PLAN, BUT ALSO HAVING A
COHERENT AND COST-EFFECTIVE APPROACH TO THE

IMPLEMENTATION OF THAT PLAN.

THOSE FOUR ELEMENTS, THEN, CONSTITUTE MY “CHARGE” TO THIS
WORKSHOP: RESEARCH ... POLICY ... A PLAN OF ACTION ... AND AN
IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY FOR THAT PLAN.

THAT’S A BIG ASSIGNMENT FOR WHAT IS ONLY A TWO-DAY WORKSHOP,
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BUT I‘VE FOUND, IN WORKSHOPS PAST, THAT PEOPLE TEND TO WORK MORE

CREATIVELY AND AT A HIGHER ENERGY LEVEL, IF TIME IS OF THE
ESSENCE,

IN ANY CASE, THIS WORKSHOP IS NOT AN ON-THE-JOB TRAINING
EXPERIENCE FOR ANY OF YOU. YOU ARE ALL SEASONED AND EXPERIENCED
INDIVIDUALS,

ALSO, I‘M NOT SEARCHING FOR THE ULTIMATE STATEMENT ON THE
ISSUE OF DRUGGED AND DRUNK DRIVING. RATHER, I’M HOPING FOR A
DOCUMENT THAT WILL GIVE THE COUNTRY A STRONG PUSH IN THE MOST
FRUITFUL DIRECTION,

THIS MAY BE THE FIRST MEETING OF THIS KIND ... AND IT’S AN
IMPORTANT ONE ... BUT I DOUBT THAT IT WILL BE THE LAST ONE.

I AM SURE ALL OF YOU CAN THINK OF SOME PEOPLE WHO ARE
MISSING FROM THIS WORKSHOP, MAYBE THEY WILL BE AT THE NEXT ONE
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1+» AND THE ONES THAT WILL FOLLOW. BUT FIRST, LET’S MAKE THE

VERY BEST START WE CAN.

AGAIN, THANK YOU FOR JOINING ME THIS WEEK AT THIS WORKSHOP,
I APPRECIATE IT ... AND THE COUNTRY WILL SURELY BENEFIT FROM YOUR
CONTRIBUTION. THANK YOU.
HHH #