September 1967 STATEMENT ON THE MIDDLE EAST CRISIS In 19 years, while struggling to protect itself from physical destruction, Israel has become not only a haven for the survivors of the Hitler holocaust, but a center of intellectual dynamism and. one of the world's great sources of scientific research. Enabled to develop in peace, Israel's contribution to the region and to the world may rival in fruitfulness and enduring quality that of the ancient state in the days of the Bible. To preserve and encourage so great a human and creative source is surely a major responsibility of the civilized world. ke * Israel has given an extraordinary account of its capacity to defend itself against aggressors on the battlefield. By its own valor, it has surmounted a climactic, unified design to destroy it. Thus it has forestalled the dangers of a military confrontation between the major powers. Alone among the major powers, the United States has evinced realistic initiative to seize the opportunity thus created for a settlement which could lead to ultimate reconciliation, the stabilization of the area and its development for the benefit of its peoples. The undersigned support that initiative and the salients of United States policy as set forth in the five principles proposed by the President on June 19, 1967. We urge that this policy be fortified and pursued inside the United Nations and outside it with all the authority of our strength as a nation. We firmly: believe, as stated by our Government, that: 1. In fact, as in principle, there can be no return to the status quo ante, in the interests of peace and security; 2. The United States should continue to uphold the rights of Israel, as a sovereign State, directly to seek and negotiate a settlement with each of the warring States; 3. Every effort should be made by the United States to induce the warring States to enter into such negotiations. ** Direct negotiations provide no privilege to either side; they are common practice among sovereign States. In the delimited atmosphere of a direct conf-ontation between the parties, insulated against the competitions and ~ressures of major or minor States, hard reality may prove more effective counsel and impetus for a séttlement than the public debates of the past 20 years. we * The central issue is security and peace. Israel's security is bound up with our own. Without peace settlements entered into by Israel and each of the warring States, we are only storing up fuel for new outbreaks, with no assurance that a new encounter can be contained or restricted either to conventional weapons or to regional States. kek Once peace settlements have been reached, it becomes possible to tackle the formidable human and development problems of the region which have resisted solution until now. SIGNATORIES , STATEMENT ON THE MIDDLE EAST SITUATION (Titles Used Are for Purposes of Identification Only) CONRAD AIKEN Brewster, Mass. Novelist and Poet DR. CHRISTIAN B. ANFINSEN Bethesda, Md. Chief, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institutes of Health ERNEST ANGELL New York, N. Y. Attorney; Chairman, American Civil Liberties Union THURMAN ARNOLD Washington, D. C. Attorney DR. ROBERT F. BACHER Pasadena, Calif. Provost, California Institute of Technology DR. KENNETH T. BAINBRIDGE Cambridge, Mass. Professor of Physics, Harvard University S. N. BEHRMAN New York, N. Y. Playwright and Author HON. FRANCIS BIDDLE Washington, D. C. U.S. Attorney General, 1941-45 DR. FELIX BLOCH Palo Alto, Calif. Professor of Physics, Leland Stanford University 1952 Nobel Laureate, Physics ALEXANDER BROOK Sag Harbor, N. Y. Painter DR. ARTHUR F. BURNS New York, N. Y. John Bates Clark Professor of Economics, Columbia University Chairman, President's Council of Economic Advisors, 1953-56 DR. S. CHANDRASEKHAR Chicago, 111. Professor of Physics and Astronomy, University of Chicago PADDY CHAYEFSKY New York, N. Y. Playwright DR. ROBERT S. COHEN Boston, Mass. Chairman, Department of Physics, Boston University ~2- DR. CARL F. CORI Boston, Mass. Biochemist, Massachusetts General Hospital 1947 Nobel Laureate, Medicine and Physiology DR. ANDRE F. COURNAND New York, N. Y. Professor Emeritus of Medicine, College of Physicians & Surgeons of Columbia University 1956 Nobel Laureate, Medicine and Physiology MALCOLM COWLEY Sherman, Conn. Writer and Critic President, National Institute of Arts and Letters, 1956-59, 1962-65 JEAN DALRYMPLE New York, N. Y. Director, Light Opera and Drama, New York City Center DR. PAUL DOTY Cambridge, Mass. Professor of Chemistry, Harvard University DR. RENE DUBOS New York, N. Y. Member and Professor, The Rockefeller University DR. FREEMAN J. DYSON Princeton, N. J. Professor of Physics, Institute for Advanced Study DR. ERIK H. ERIKSON Cambridge, Mass. Professor of Human Development, Harvard University DR. LOUIS F. FIESER Cambridge, Mass. Professor of Chemistry, Harvard University DR. HAROLD H. FISHER Stanford, Calif. Professor of History Emeritus, Hoover Institution, Stanford University PAUL A. FREUND Cambridge, Mass. Professor of Law, Harvard University President, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1964-66 DR. ELI GINZBERG New York, N. Y. Professor of Economics, Columbia University Government Consultant on Human Resources and Manpower DR. LEO GOLDBERG Cambridge, Mass. Chairman, Department of Astronomy, Harvard University DR. MAURICE GOLDHABER Bayport, N. Y. Member, National Academy of Sciences PERCIVAL GOODMAN, F.A.1.A. New York, N. Y. Professor, School of Architecture, Columbia University WILLIAM T. GOSSETT Detroit, Mich. Attorney; President, American Bar Foundation, 1965-66 DR. LAWRENCE M. GOULD Tucson, Ariz. Professor of Geology, University of Arizona Former President, American Association for the Advancement of Science MILTON HANDLER New York, N. Y. Professor of Law, Columbia University DR. SEYMOUR E. HARRIS La Jolla, Calif. Littauer Professor Emeritus, Harvard University DR. HUDSON HOAGLAND Shrewsbury, Mass. Executive Director, Worcester Foundation of Experimental Biology President, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1961-64 DR. ROBERT HOFSTADTER Stanford, Calif. Professor of Physics, Stanford University 1961 Nobel Laureate, Physics DR. GERALD HOLTON Cambridge, Mass. Professor of Physics, Harvard University DR. J. J. HOOKER Washington, D. C. Head, Department of Economics; Acting Head, Department of Politics, The Catholic University of America DR. CHARLES HUGGINS Chicago, Ill. Director, Ben May Laboratory, University of Chicago 1966 Nobel Laureate, Medicine and Physiology FANNIE HURST New York, N. Y. Novelist ELI JACQUES KAHN, F.A.I.A. New York, N. Y. Architect DR. JOSEPH KAPLAN Los Angeles, Calif. Professor of Physics, University of California, Los Angeles President, International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics KIVIE KAPLAN Chestnut Hill, Mass. President, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People DR. ARTHUR KORNBERG Palo Alto, Calif. Professor of Biochemistry, Stanford University 1959 Nobel Laureate, Medicine and Physiology MRS. OLGA KOUSSEVITZKY New York, N. Y. President, American International Music Fund DR. POLYKARP KUSCH New York, N. Y. Professor of Physics, Columbia University 1955 Nobel Laureate, Physics DR. JOSHUA LEDERBERG Palo Alto, Calif. Professor of Genetics, Medical School, Stanford University 1958 Nobel Laureate, Medicine and Physiology DR. FRITZ A. LIPMANN New York, N. Y. Professor of Biochemistry, The Rockefeller University 1953 Nobel Laureate, Medicine and Physiology GEORGE LONDON New York, N. Y. Opera Singer President, American Guild of Musical Artists HENRI MARCEAU Philadelphia, Pa. Curator, John G. Johnson Collection DR. H. F. MARK New York, N. Y. Dean Emeritus, Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn DR. EDWIN M. McMILLAN Berkeley, Calif. Professor of Physics, University of California, Berkeley 1951 Nobel Laureate, Chemistry DR. STERLING M. McMURRIN Salt Lake City, Utah Distinguished Professor of Philosophy, University of Utah U.S. Commissioner of Education, 1961-62 JAMES A. MICHENER Pipersville, Pa. Author LUDWIG MIES van der ROHE Chicago, ILl. Architect Professor Emeritus, Illinois Institute of Technology REAR ADMIRAL SAMUEL ELIOT MORISON, USNR Ret. Cambridge, Mass. Historian ROBERT MOTHERWELL New York, N. Y. Artist DR. JAY OREAR Ithaca, N. Y. Professor of Physics, Cornell University DR. GREGORY PINCUS Shrewsbury, Mass. Research Director, Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology Research Professor of Biology, Boston University Graduate School HOBSON PITTMAN Bryn Mawr, Pa. Artist and Lecturer DR. I. I. RABI New York, N. Y. University Professor Emeritus, Columbia University 1944 Nobel Laureate, Physics HON. SIMON H. RIFKIND New York, N. Y. Attorney DR. DAVID RITTENBERG New York, N. Y. Chairman, Department of Biochemistry, College of Physicians & Surgeons of Columbia University DR. PEYTON ROUS New York, N. Y. Member Emeritus, The Rockefeller University 1966 Nobel Laureate, Medicine and Physiology DR. ALBERT B. SABIN Cincinnati, Ohio Distinguished Service Professor, University of Cincinnati DR. JONAS SALK La Jolla, Calif. Physician-Scientist Director, Salk Foundation for Biological Studies DORE SCHARY New York, N. Y. Writer and Director HARRY SCHERMAN New York, N. Y. Chairman of the Board, Book-of-the-Month Club DR. LEONARD I. SCHIFF Menlo Park, Calif. Professor of Physics, Stanford University DR. WILLIAM R. SEARS Ithaca, N. Y. Professor, Cornell University DR. EMILIO SEGRE Berkeley, Calif. Professor of Physics, University of California, Berkeley 1959 Nobel Laureate, Physics DR. WILLIAM SHOCKLEY Stanford, Calif. Alexander M. Poniatoff Professor of Engineering Science, Stanford University 1956 Nobel Laureate, Physics DR. S. M. ULAM Boulder, Colo. Professor of Mathematics, University of Colorado Member, National Academy of Sciences DR. HAROLD C. UREY La Jolla, Calif. Professor of Chemistry at Large, University of California, San Diego 1934 Nobel Laureate, Chemistry MARK VAN DOREN Falls Village, Conn. Professor Emeritus of English, Columbia University Pulitzer Prize Poet and Author DR. SELMAN A. WAKSMAN New Brunswick, N. J. Professor Emeritus, Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University 1952 Nobel Laureate, Medicine and Physiology DR. GEORGE WALD Cambridge, Mass. Professor of Biology, Harvard University DR. WARREN WEAVER New Milford, Conn. Retired Scientific Executive Former Advisor to Foundations and Government Agencies HERMAN WOUK Washington, D. C. Author DR. HERBERT F. YORK La Jolla, Calif. Professor of Physics, University of California, San Diego Vice Chairman, President's Science Advisory Committee DR. JERROLD R. ZACHARIAS Cambridge, Mass. Professor of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology