CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY PASADENA, CALIFORNIA GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES June 14, 1961 Professor Joshua Lederberg Department of Biology Stanford University Palo Alto, California Dear Professor Lederberg: On behalf of the Conference Committee for the Seventh Conference on Science and World Affairs, I would like to invite you to participate in the discussions on International Cooperation in Science, which will be held in Woods Hole, Massachusetts from September 5 to 8, 1961. The enclosed memorandum describes the background of these conferences and gives some details concerning the forthcoming meetings. Your traveling expenses in connection with attending the session in Woods Hole will be paid and you will receive hospitality while there. The following topics will be discussed at the Woods Hole meeting: Exchange of scientists and students, exchange of scientific information, cooperation in the earth sciences, cooperation in space, cooperation in the life sciences, cooperation in physics, the application of science and technology in the developing nations. After reading the enclosed material, should you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact me. In view of the limited number of American "spaces" available at this conference, I would appreciate hearing from you as soon as possible as to whether or not you can accept this invitation. The members of the Conference Committee sincerely hope that you will participate. With many thanks, Sincerely yours, Lf | Qe plipwr— LS 20 Harrison Brown HB/ jf Enclosure CC: Arthur Singer P.S. There is a possibility that the Woods Hole meeting may be moved to another locality, but should this happen we will let you know well in advance. April 17, 1961 The Seventh Conference on Science and World Affairs (formerly known as Pugwash Conferences) Plans are now being worked out for the Seventh Conference on Science and World Affairs, this one to be held in September in the United States. The arrangements which have thus far been formulated have been approved at a meeting of the International Continuing Committee which was held in Lmdon in early March. The National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences will act as co-hosts of the meeting. The meeting will be held in two parts. The first will be held in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, September 5 - 8 on the general subject of Inter- national Scientific Cooperation. The second part will be held in Aspen, Colorado, September 10 - 17 on the general subject of Disarmament and Arms Control. A generous grant from the Ford Foundation will provide somewhat over one-half of the estimated funds needed for the Conference. It was agreed in London that there will be approximately 50 participants distributed as follows: U.S.S.R.-15, U.S.A.-15, other countries = 20, Participants in the Woods Hole meeting may be different from those in the Aspen meeting. A Conference Committee has been established by the American Members of the Internatimal Continuing Committee to handle the arrangements for the meeting as follows: Harrison Brown (Chairman) Paul Doty (Vice Chairman) George Fischer Bentley Glass Richard Leghorn Eugene Rabinowitch Dean Arthur Singer of M.I.T. has agreed to serve as full-time Conference Administrator, Agenda Committees have been appointed for both parts of the Conference to make recommendations to the Conference Committee on matters connected with the agenda and participants, These Committees are as follows: Woods Hole Aspen Eugene Rabinowtich (Chairman) Richard Leghorn (Chairman) Bentley Glass Donald Brennan William Consolazio Amrom Katz . -2= In order to provide all previous American participants in these con- ferences with the opportunity of meeting their colleagues from abroad again, the evening of Friday, September 8th, and all day Saturday, September 9th, are being reserved for special meetings in Boston. We hope to have travel funds available for this purpose so that all who wish can participate. A committee consisting of Hudson Hoagland (Chairman), Paul Doty and Alex Rich has been established to handle the Boston arrangements. The agenda remains to be worked out in final form. This will be done in line with the agreements reached at the early March meeting in London of the Continuing Committee. Detailed agenda proposals will be prepared by the Agenda Sub-committee on Disarmament and Arms Control and the Agenda Sub-committee on Scientific Cooperation, and then approved and circulated by the Conference Committee before the end of April. The topics suggested for discussion at the Woods Hole Conference include: 1) exchange of scientists and science students; 2) international research programs; 3) international research institutes; 1) cooperation in scientific and technical assistance to new nations; 5) organizational plans. The agenda for the Aspen Meeting has been prepared thus far in somewhat more detail, Two major papers will be prepared well in advance of the con= ference. The first will be prepared by the Russians and will describe in detail what they mean by "general and complete disarmament" and will describe a specific disarmamemt plan in terms of substance, phasing and technical detail. The second paper will be prepared by the Americans and will describe in detail what might be considered an adequte inspection scheme and will outline a specific disarmament plan in terms of substance, phasing and technical detail. Discussion of "transitional deterrence" can in part be taken care of in this paper. These papers will not be delivered orally at the Conference. Instead at the opening session on Monday, four critiques will be presented as follows: 1) an American critique of the Russian paper; 2).a Russian critique of the American paper; 3) a Western European critique of both papers; l,) an Eastern European critique of both papers. The balance of that day will be devoted to general discussion of the papers and the critiques, A substantial part of the work at the Aspen meeting will be done in work- ing groups consisting of from six to eight persons. These groups will start their meetings on Tuesday. At the London meeting, the following areas of discussion were agreed upon, each insofar as possible, to be handled by a working group: . 1) Problems of secession of production and elimination of weapons, including means of delivery and fissile materials. 2) Problems of prevention of militarization of space and possible agree~ ments in this field. ~3- 3) Interdependence of international political settlements and arms reduction, including problems of disengagement, zonal elimination of nuclear weapons, tactical nuclear weapons and military bases, 4) Implications of an American-Soviet nuclear test ban agreement. 5) Measures to reduce dangers of unintended war, 6) Rules of peaceful coexistence. What will a disarmed world look like? International Security forces. Methods of settlement of inter- national disputes, 7) Preconditions to possible success of negotiations and initiation of disarmament measures, International behavior, Conditions for creating trust and confidence, 8) The role of the scientist. At least the following Russians will participate in the American Con- ferences: Topchiev, Federov, Skobeltzyn, Tamm, Vinogradov, Bogolubov, Semonov, Sissakian, Emelyanov, Khvastov, Talensky, Argumanyan, Rubinstein, and Blochin (President of the Medical Academy). Others may attend as well. Likely British attendees are Zuckerman, Cockcroft, Blackett, Bullard, Noel-Baker, Michael Howard, Mott. There will be participants from France, Federal Republic of Germany, Canada, Australia, India, Poland, Austria, Denmark, Italy, East Germany, Bulgaria, Hungary, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia. Discussions are now taking place to determine whether or not it might be possible for scientists from the Chinese Peoples Republic to participate,