DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE . BETHESDA 14, MD. NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH April 1h, 1960 Professor Joshua Lederberg Genetics Department Stanford University Palo Alto, California Dear Josh: I foolishly postponed the reading of your Nobel address until today, and I am embarrassed that I did not know your current ideas on the origin of life when I wrote last. However, I had heard about them vaguely from Newton Morton, and I felt that because of your active interest and definite ideas on the subject, you would be a particularly good persm to expose my own ideas to. The idea of a simple DNA-like polymeric system is appealing and I think a very likely intermediate step in the early evolution of life, but I believe the polymeric nature of the genetic material is a refinement that the earliest reproducing systems may have been able to do without. I think a caréful analysis of the question reveals that mutable reproduction does not have to be built into the gene-analog. New "genes" might be contributed as exceptional by-products of the old ones or by entirely independent chemical reactions, Natural selection can operate on a "frozen" gene pool, i.e., on the backlog of genetic variability, and continued evolution by natural selection isind&fferent to the source of new genetic material, as long as there is such a source, I am enclosing a reprint of my 1957 paper in the hope that a rereading of it may help persuade you to see the problem as I see it. Sincerely yours, Chor Gordon Allen