Project Publications (and publications in press):

1.

LO.

Lederberg, J., Sutherland, G.L., Buchanan, B.G., Feigenbaum, F.A.,
Robertson, A.V., Duffield, A.M., and Djerassi, C., “Applications
for Artificial Intelligence for Chemical Inference I. The
Number of Possible Organic Compounds: Acyclic Structures
Containing C,H,O and N’. Journal of the American Chemical Society

May 1969.

Duffield, A.M., Robertson, A.V., Djerassi, C., Buchanan, B.G.,
Sutherland, G.L., Feigenbaum, E.A., and Lederberg, J.,
"Applications of Artificial Intelligence for Chemical Inference
II. Interpretation of Low Resolution Mass Spectra of Ketones".
Journal of the American Chemical Society May 196.).

Schroll, G., Duffield, A.M., Djerassi, C., Buchanan, B.G., Sutherland,
G.L., Feigenbaum, E.A., and Lederberg, J., "Applications of
Artificial Intelligence for Chemical Inference III. Aliphatic
Ethers Diagnosed by Their Low Resolution Mass Spectra and NMR
Data". Submitted to the Journal of the American Chemical Society.

Sutherland, G.L., Heuristic DENDRAL: "A Family of LISP Programs",
To appear in D. Bobrow (ed.), LISP Applications. Also, Stanford
Artificial Intelligence Project Memo AI-50.

Churchman, C.W. and Buchanan, B.G., "On the Design of Inductive Systems:
Some Philosophical Problems". British Journal for the Philosophy
of Science, to appear Autumn 1969 (in press).

Lederberg, J., "Topology of Molecules". In The Mathematical Sciences,
published for the National Academy of Sciences--National Research
Council by MIT Press, Cambridge, 1969, pp. 37-51.

“

 

Buchanan, B.G., Sutherland, G.L., and Feigenbaum, E.A., "Heuristic
DENDRAL: A Program for Generating Explanatory Hypotheses in
Organic Chemistry". In DB. Michie (ed), Machine Intelligence \
University of Edinburgh Press, 1969. (Also, Stanford Artificial

Intelligence Project Memo AI-62.)

 

Feigenbaum, E.A., "Artificial Intelligence: Themes in the Sound
Decade". In Final Supplement to Proceedings of the IFIP68
International Congress, Edinburgh, August 1968. (Also Artificial
Intelligence Project Memo AI-67.)

Lederberg, J., and Feigenbaum, E.A., "Mechanization of Inductive
Inference in Organic Chemistry". In B. Kleinmuntz (ed) Formal
Representations for Human Judgment, Wiley, 1968. (Also Stanford
Artificial Intelligence Project Memo AI-5/+.)

Lederberg, J., "Hamilton Circuits of Convex Trivalent Polyhedra".
American Mathematical Monthly 74, 522 (1967).

Dt
ll. Lederberg, J., "Topological Mapping of Organic Molecules”,
Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, U.S. 53,

134 (1965).

REPORTS

A. Lederberg J. DENDRAL 64 - A system for computer construction, enumeration
and notation of organic molecules as tree structures and cyclic
graphs.

A.l. Part I, Notational algorithm for tree structures, NASA CR-57029
and STAR N65-13158.

A.2. Part II, Topology of cyclic graphs, NASA CR-68898 and STAR
N66-14074.

A.3. Part III, A general outline of the DENDRAL system. Systematics
of organic molecules, graph topology and Hamilton circuits,
NASA CR-68899 and STAR N66-14075.

B. Sutherland, G.L., "A Computer Program for Generating and Filtering
Chemical Structures. Stanford Artificial Intelligence Project
Memo AI-49.

52
6.2 Language Research

There are a number of problems relating to the automatic
processing of natural language which are continuing to be of interest.
This is divided into three major sub-areas: associative data structures,
models of cognitive structures and grammatical inference.

We have been studying the problems of associative memory in
conventional computers for several years. The most recent development is
the abiility to have several independent, parallel programs all sharing
the same associative structure. We hope to study the problems of
controlling access to a global structure in the context of hand-eye tasks.
Another important tope to be studied is the addition of deductive
inference cap bilities to the associative retrieval mechanisms.

One of the most interesting and difficult problems in
artificial intelligence is the modeling of human cognitive structures.

We have developed such a model [2] and are studying several problems in
language processing and understanding with this model. The model is
unique in that it uses the notion of consequence (temporal, causal,
ete.) as a central element. We are developing theories of analogy,
generalization over instances and the relation between perception and
understanding using this model.

Work on grammatical inference continues to be fruitful. The
theoretical work on decidability is complete [3] and we are looking at
questions of optimal learning and teaching strategies. Many of these
results will be directly converted into program heuristics. We are also

studying the extension of these techniques to other problems of generalization.

22
REFERENCES

l.

Feldman, J., and Rovner, P., "An Algol-Based Associative Language”,
Stanford Artificial Intelligence Memo AI-66, Stanford University,
Stanford, California, August 1968.

Feldman, J.A., "First Thoughts on Grammatical Inference", Stanford
Artificial Intelligence Memo AI-55, Stanford University,
Stanford, California, August 1967.

Feldman, J.A., Gips, J., Horning, J., and Reder, S., "Grammatical
Inference and Complexity", Stanford Artificial Intelligence
Memo AI-89, Stanford University, Stanford, California, June 1969.

Becker, J.D., "The Modeling of Simple Analogic and Inductive Processes
In a Semantic Memory System", Stanford Artificial Intelligence
Memo AI-77, Stanford University, Stanford, California, January

1969.
6.3 Higher Mental Functions

 

The Higher Mental Functions Project is an affiliated
project under the direction of Dr. Kenneth Mark Colby, who is
supported by N.I.H, as a Research Career Scientist. This project is
working on two problem areas: (1) The Study of credibility functions
in humans as well as in aritificial systems, (2) Question-asking or
interviewing programs which operate in natural language.

In the first area of interest the problem is to understand
how a system, living or artificial, judges the credibility of new
information based on information it already possesses. Descriptions of
work already done on this problem can be found in Reference (1, 2, 3).
Because the relevant variables are difficult to control in humans, it is
considered necessary to develop artificial belief systems in which the
belief processes under study can be brought under maximum control.

In the second domain of interest, the problem consists of
machine understanding of natural language. We have have considerable
experience in this area (See Reference 4) and we are currently developing
a program which conceptually analyzes natural language input. (See
Reference 5). Once the input is "understood" the program can generate
questions based on information it has received thus far rather than

being limited to a fixed set of questions.

20
REFERENCES

l.

Colby, K.M., "Computer Simulation of Change in Personal Belief
Systems", Behavorial Science, 12, 248-253 (1967).

Tesler, L., Colby, K.M., and Enea, H., "A Directed Graph for
Computer Simulation of Belief Systems", Mathematical Biosciences,

2, 19-4O (1968).

Colby, K.M., Tesler, L., Enea, H., "Search Experiments with the
Data Base of Human Belief Structure", Proc. International Joint
Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Washington, D.C., May

1969.
Colby, K.M., and Enea, H., “Heuristic Methods for Computer Understanding

of Natural Language in Context-Restricted On-Line Dialogues”,
Mathematical Biosciences, 1, 1-25, 1967.

56
Y. Budget

$1,975,859 is needed to support the research program described above
for the eighteen month period beginning 1 January 1969. The budget below
is divided into an initial six month period ($613,527 from 1 January
through 30 June 1970) and following twelve month period ($1,362,332 from
1 July 1970 through 30 June 1971). Separate budgets are given for the
Heuristic Dentral Project (H.D.) and the other artificial intelligence
projects (A.I.) in each period. The Higher Mental Functions Project is
separately supported so no funds are needed for it.

The bulk of the funds requested are for salaries and personnel
support costs. $20,000 per year is needed for test equipment, mostiy
in support of the visual perception and control projects. $80,000 is
budgeted in the second period for additional displays consoles. The
existing 6 console display system is currently in saturated use about

18 hours per day and the utilization is increasing.

aT
QS

Budget Item

Salaries

Staff Benefits
University Overhead
Travel

Capital Equipment
Equipment Rental
Equipment Maintenance
Computer Time
Communications
Publications Costs
Other Operating Expenses
Subtotal by Project

Total by Period

BUDGET SUMMARY

For Continuation of SD 183

1 Jan 1970 - 30 Jun 1970

A.I.
$24.0 ,4.83
29,579
137 5075
8,900
10,000
28,176
25,000
2,000
75500
125

22 4250
$515,088

1 Jan 1970 - 30 Jun 1971

H.D.
$31,588
3 , 885
18,005

2,250

2,520

36 ,000
1,000
Wy
2,750
$98 54.39

$613,527

1 Jul 1970 - 40 Jun 1971

A.I. H.D.

$509 , 825 $66 ,967

62,708 8,237

290 ,600 38,171

17 ,800 4 5500
100 ,000

56 5352 5 040
50 ,000

4 5000 72,000

15 ,000 2,000

8,250 882

Wb ,500 = 5,500

$1, 159,035 $203,297

$1,362,332

Total

$84.8, 863
104 409
483,851

33 450
110 ,000
ge ,088
75,000
114,000
25,500
13,698
12,000
$1,975,859

$1,975,859
BUDGET FOR CONTINUATION (1 Jan 70 -

SD 183

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Faculty

Adams, J.L., Assoc. Prof. of Mech.
Engr., 1/6 time acad, yr.,
1/2 time summer

Feldman, J., Assoc. Prof. of
Computer Science, 1/2 time
acad. yr., full time summer

Floyd, R., Assoc. Prof. of Computer
Science, 1/2 time acad. yr.,
full time summer

Knuth, D., Prof. of Computer Science

Manna, Z., Assist. Prof. of Com-
puter Science, 1/2 time acad.
yr., full time summer

McCarthy, J., Prof. of Computer
Science, Principal Investi-
gator, 1/2 time acad. yr.,
full time summer

Reddy, D.R., Assist. Prof. of
Computer Science, 1/2 time
acad. yr., full time summer

TOTAL FACULTY SALARIES

Research Staff

Ashcroft, E.A. Research Assoc,
Baumgart, B., Systems Programmer

Beauchamp, J. Research Assoc.

29

30 Jun 71)

 

1 Jan 70 - 1 Jul 70 -
30 Jun 70 30 Jun 71
$2,216 $ 698

5,391 11,429

7,291 15 457

4. 628 9,811

8,333 17 ,666

5,168 10 , 956

$33,027 $70,077
$ 6,600 $13,992

h , 800 10,176

6,300 13,356
Research Staff cont'd.

Earnest, L., Research Assoc.,
Executive Officer

Feldman, G., Research Programmer
1/2 time acad. yr., full time

summer

Gleason, G., Computer Systems
Engineer

Grape, G., Research Programmer
Hueckel, M., Research Assoc.

Kay, A., Research Assoc. 3/4 time
Luckham, D. Research Assoc.
McGuire,E., Systems Programmer
Moorer, J., Systems Programmer
Paul, R., Research Programmer
Pingle, K., Research Programmer
Poole, D., Systems Programmer

Samuel, A., Senior Research Assoc.,

Singer, J., Systems Programmer,
Group Leader

Smith, D., Systems Programmer 1/5
time

Sproul, R., Systems Programmer
Weiher, W., Systems Programmer

TOTAL RESEARCH STAFF

60

 

Il Jan 7O- 1 Jul 7oO-
30 Jun 7O 30 Jun 71
$11,500 $2 , 380

3,694 75531

6,630 14 056

5 400 11,448

6,600 13,992

6 ,000 12,720

8,010 16,981

4,800 10,176

5,160 10,939

6,780 Wy , 374

5940 12 593

D990 11,766

10 ,000 21,200

7,050 16,218

1,080 2,290

4 800 10,176

5 400 11,448

$122 ,694 $260,112
Il.

Iil.

Iv.

Student Research Assistants (20)

J. Allen, R. Bajcsyova, J. Becker,

J. Buchanan, L. Erman, G. Falk,
R. Goodman, M. Kelly, R. Neely,
P, Petit, L. Quam, J. Ryder,

R. Schmidt, I. Sobel, D. Swinehart

J. Tenebaum,plus i unnamed:

TOTAL STUDENT RESEARCH ASSISTANTS

Other Staff

Baur, Q., Secretary, 1/2 time

Down, K., Research Coordinator,
9/10 time

Panofsky, E., Electronics Technician

Roark, D., Secretary

Zingheim, T., Electronics Technician

aeee- » Electronics Technician
Semi-monthly Technicians
TOTAL OTHER STAFF
SUBTOTAL A.I. PROJECT SALARIES
Allowance for 6% Salary Increase
TOTAL A.I. PROJECT SALARIES

Staff Benefits (12.3% Provisional
through 31 August 1970)

University Overhead (574%)

Travel
2 foreign trips, $1,200 ea.
9 trips east, $450 ea.
2 professional staff moves

to Stanford, $750 ea.
Local travel

61

$2,400
4,050

1,500

 

1 Jan 70 - 1 Jul 70 -
30 Jun 70 30 Jun 71
$47 ,000 $99,640

1,500 3,180
5 4.00 11,448
3,900 8,268
3,000 6,360
4 5350 9,222
3,600 7 5632

2,400 5,088
$oh ,150 $51,198

$226,871 $480,967

13,612 28,858

$240 4.83 $509, 825

$29,579 $62,708

$137,075 $290,600
$8,900
IV.

Vi.

Vil.

IX.

Ne

xl.

Travel (continued) 1 Jan 70 - 1 Jul 70 -

30 Jun 70
5 foreign trips, $1,200 ea. $6,000
16 trips east, $450 ea. 7,200
4 professional staff moves
to Stanford, $750 ea. 3,000
Local travel 1,600

Capital Equipment

Test Equipment (Oscilloscopes, arm $10,000
and camera instrumentation, misc.)

Display generator and 6 display
units (Similar to Data Disc Units)

TOTAL CAPITAL EQUIPMENT $10,000

Equipment Rental

IBM Disc File and Packs $28,176
Equipment Maintenance (Based on past $25 ,000
experience)

Computer Time (IBM 360-67)

% hours day rate, $500/hr $1,500

Supporting Services 500
$2,000

6 hours day rate, $500/hr $3 ,000

Supporting Services 1,000
Communications (Telephones, data- $7 500

phones, teletype)

Publications Costs $4, 125
Other Operating Expenses $22,250
TOTAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE $515,088

62

30 Jun 71

$17 , 800

$20 ,000

80 ,000

$100 ,000

$56,352

$50,000

$4. 5000

$15 ,000

$8,250

$4. 500
$1,159,035
XII. HEURISTIC DENDRAL

Faculty

Feigenbaum, E., Prof. of Computer
Science, 65 % time acad. yr.,
full time summer

Lederberg, J., Prof. of Genetics,
5 % time

TOTAL FACULTY SALARIES

Research Staff
Buchanan, B., Research Associate
Delfino, A., Research Programmer

Sutherland, G., Research Associate
2/3 time

Brown, D., Student Research Asst.,
1/2 time acad. yr., full time

summer

Semimonthly wages (undergraduate
student)

TOTAL RESEARCH STAFF
Other Staff
~---- » Secretary, 1/2 time
SUBTOTAL HEURISTIC DENDRAL SALARIES
Allowance for 6% Salary Increase
TOTAL HEURISTIC DENDRAL SALARIES

XIII. Staff Benefits (12.3% Provisional
through 31 August 1970)

XIV. University Overhead (574%)

63

 

1 Jan 70 - 1 Jul 70 -
30 Jun 70 40 Jun 71
$8,500 $18,020

1,000 2,120
$9,500 $20, 140
$6 , 800 $14 416

6,000 12,720

3,750 7,950

1,500 3,180

720. 1,590.
$18, 800 $39, 856
$1,500 $3,180
$29, 800 $63, 176
$1,788 $3,791
$31,588 $66 ,967
$3,885 $8,237
$18,005 $38,171
XV. Travel 1 Jan 70 - 1 Jul 70 -
30 Jun 70 40 Jun 71

1 foreign trip, $1,200 ea. $1,200

2 trips east, $450 ea. 900
Local travel 150
$2,250

2 foreign trips, $1,200 ea. $2,400

4 trips east, $450 ea. 1,800

Local travel 400
$4 ,500
XVI. Equipment Rental (Wylbur Terminals) $2,520 $5 O40

XVII. Computer Time (IBM 360-67)
60 hours day rate, $500/hr $30,000
Supporting Services 6 ,000
$36 ,000

120 hours day rate, $500/hr $60,000

Supporting Services 12,000
$72,000
XVIII. Communications (Telephones, data- $1,000 $2 ,000

phones, teletype)

XIX. Publications Costs $b 1 $882
XX. Other Operating Expenses $2 5750 $5,500
TOTAL HEURISTIC DENDRAL $984.39 $203 ,297

XXI. Associated Groups - Non-Direct Support

A. Higher Mental Functions

 

Colby, K., Principal Investigator, Senior
Research Associate

Hilf, F., Research Associate
Schank, R., Programmer
Tesler, L., Programmer

Smith, D., Research Programmer, 4/5 time

“64
A. Higher Mental Functions (Continued)

Weber, S., Student Research Assistant, 1/2 time
acad. yr., full time summer

Down, K., Research Coordinator, 1/10 time

Baur, Q., Secretary, 1/2 time

65
8. Cognizant Personnel:

For contractual matters, including overhead and patent questions:

Elwood C. Pierce

Office of the Research Administrator
Stanford University

Stanford, California 94305

For technical and scientific matters:

Professor John McCarthy, Principal Investigator
Professor Edward Feigenbaum, Associate Investigator
Dr. Arthur Samuel, Associate Investigator

Mr. Lester Earnest, Executive Officer

Computer Science Department

Stanford University

Stanford, California 94305

Telephone (415) 321-2300, extension 4971
For administrative matters, including questions relating to the
budget, property acquisition and handling, etc:
Mr. Lester Earnest, Executive Officer
Mr. Kenneth Down, Research Coordinator
Computer Science Department
Stanford University

Stanford, California 94305

Telephone (415) 321-2300, extension 971

66
APPENDIX A

PUBLICATIONS OF PROJECT MEMBERS

Articles and books by members of the Stanford Artificial Intelli-

gence Project are listed here by year. Only publications subsequent to
the individuals affiliation with the Project are given.

1963

J.

J.

McCarthy, "A Basis for a Mathematical Theory of Computation", in
P. Biaffort and D. Hershberg (eds), Computer Programming and
Formal Systems, North-Holland, Amsterdam 1963.

McCarthy, "Towards a Mathematical Theory of Computation" in
Proc. IFIP Congress 62, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1963.

McCarthy (with S. Boilen, E. Fredkin, and J.C.R. Licklider),
"A Time-Sharing Debugging System for a Small Computer" in Proc.
AFIPS Conf. (SJCC), Vol. 24, 1963.

McCarthy (with F. Corbato and M. Daggett), "The Linking Segment
Subprogram Language and Linking Loader Programming Languages",
Comm. ACM, July 1963.

1965

J.

McCarthy, "Problems in the Theory of Computation", in Proc. IFIP
Congress 65, Spartan, Washington, D.C., 1%5.

1966

A.

Hearn, "Computation of Algebraic Properties of Elementary Particle

Reactions Using a Digital Computer”, Comm. ACM, 9, pp. 573-577,
August 1966.

McCarthy, "A Formal Description of a Subset of Algol” in T.
Steele (ed), Formal Language Description Languages, North-Holland,
Amsterdam, 1966.

McCarthy, "Information", Scientific American, September 1966.

Reddy, "Segmentation of Speech Sounds", J. Acoust. Soc. Amer.,
August 1966.
1o.

11.

12.

1967

S. Brodsky and J. Sullivan, 'W-Boson Contribution to the Anomalous
Magnetic Moment of the Muon", Phys Rev i56, 164l, lo6y.

 
   

J. Campbell, “Algebraic Computation of Radiative Corrections for
Electron-Protoa Seattering”, Nuclear Physics, Vol. Bl, pp. 246-
300, 1967.

and Memory" in Proc. Fifth

E. Feigenkaum, “Information Process
c cistics and Probability,

Berkeley Symposium on Mathematica
Vol, i, U.C. Press, Berkeley, 1967.

  

Formation from Electronically Detected

J. Goodman, "Digi
Holograms", in Proc
Soc. Photo-Optica
California, i

seminar on Digital Imaging Techniques,
lentetion Engineering, Redondo Beach,

Age

Holograms", Applied Physics Letters, 1 August 1967.

J. Goodman, "Digital Image Formation from Electronically Detected

 

A. Hearn, "REDUCE. A User-Criented Interactive System for Algebraic
Simplification, Proc. ACM Symposium on Interactive Systems for
Experimental Applied Mathematics, August 1967.

 

J. Lederberg, “Hamilton Circuits of Convex Trivalent Polyhedra",

American Mathematical Monthiy 74, 522, 1967.

 

J. McCarthy, 9. Brian, G. Feldman, and J. Allen, "THOR - A Display
Based Time Sharing System", AFIPS Conf. Proc., Vol. 30, (FICC),

Thompson, was! B.c., 1067.

 

J.MecCarthy, “Compuicer Contvol of a Hand and Eye", ta Proc. Third
All-Union Conference on Automatic Control (Technical Cybernetics),
Nauka, Moscow, 1967 (Russian).

D. Reddy, "Phoneme
Soc. Amer., May

for Speech Recognition", J, Acoust.

 

D. Reddy, "Pitch Period Determination of Speech Sounds”, Conm.
ACM, June 1967.

D. Reddy, Computer Recognition of Connected Speech", J. Acoust.
Soc. Amer., Augus: 1967.

A. Samuel, "Studies in Machine Learning Using the Game of Checkers,
Il-Recent Progress", IBM Journal, November 1967.

G. Sutherland (with G.W. Evans and G.F. Wallace), Simulation
Using Digital Compurers, Prentice-Hall, Engelwood Cliffs, N.J.,

1967 .

 
lo.

ll.

le.

13.

Ww.

15.

1968

E. Feigenbaum, J. Lederberg and B. Buchanan, "Heuristic Dendral",
Proc. International Conference on System Sciences, University
of Hawaii and IEEE, University of Hawaii Press, 1968.

‘E. Feigenbaum, "Artificial Intelligence: Themes in the Second

Decade", Proc. IFIP Congress 1968.

 

J. Feldman (with D. Gries), "Translator Writing Systems", Comm.
ACM, February 1968.

J. Feldman (with P. Rovner), "The Leap Language Data Structure",
Proc. IFIP Congress 1968.

R. Gruen and W. Weiher, "Rapid Program Generation", Proc. DECUS

Symposium, Fall 1968.

A. Hearn, "The Problem of Substitution", Proc. IBM Summer Institute
on Symbolic Mathematics by Computer, July 1968.

 

 

D. Kaplan, "Some Completeness Results in the Mathematical Theory
of Computation", ACM Journal, January 1968.

J. Lederberg and E. Feigenbaum, 'Mechanization of Inductive In-
ference in Organic Chemistry", in B. Kleinmuntz (ed.), Formal
Representation of Human Judgment, John Wiley, New York, 1968.

J. McCarthy, "Programs with Common Sense" in M. Minsky (ed.),
Semantic Information Processing, MIT Press, Cambridge, 1968.

J. McCarthy, L. Earnest, D. Reddy, and P. Vicens, "A Computer with
Hands, Eyes, and Ears", Proc. AFIPS Conf. (FJCC), 1968.

K. Pingle, J. Singer, and W. Wichman, "Computer Control of a
Mechanical Arm through Visual Input", Proc. IFIP Congress 68,

1968.

D. Reddy, and Ann Robinson, 'Phoneme-to-Grapheme Translation of
English", IEEE Trans. Audio and Electroacoustics, June 19%68.

 

D. Reddy, “Computer Transcription of Phonemic Symbols", J. Acoust.
Soc. Amer., August 1968

D. Reddy, and P. Vicens, "Procedure for Segmentation of Connected
Speech", J. Audio Eng. Soc., October 1968.

D. Reddy, "Consonantal Clustering and Connected Speech Recognition",
Proc. Sixth International Congress on Acoustics, Vol. 2, pp. C-57

to C-60, Tokyo, 1968.

 

A-3
1968 (cont.)

16. A. Silvestri and J. Goodman, "Digital Reconstruction of Holographic
Images", '68, NEREM Record, IEEE, Vol. 10, pp. 118-119, 1968.

17. L. Tesler, H. Enea, and K. Colby, "A Directed Graph Representation
for Computer Simulation of Belief Systems", Math. Bio. 2, 1968.
lo.

11.

le.

1969 (to date)

J.

Beauchamp (with H. Von Foerster) (eds), Music by Computers,
John Wiley, New York, 1969.

Becker, "The Modeling of Simple Analogic and Inductive Processes
in a Semantic Memory System," Proc. International Conf. on
Artificial Intelligence, Washington, D.C., 1969.

 

 

Buchanan and G. Sutherland, "Heuristic Dendral: A Program for
Generating Hypotheses in Organic Chemistry", in D. Michie (ed.),
Machine Intelligence 4, American Elsevier, New York, 1%69.

Buchanan (with C. Churchman), "On the Design of Inductive Systems:
Some Philosophical Problems", British Journal for the Philosophy
of Science, Autumn 1969 (in press).

Colby, L. Tesler, and H. Enea, "Experiments with a Search
Algorithm for the Data Base of a Human Belief System", Proc.
International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Washington,

D.C., 1969.

Colby and D.C. Smith, "Dialogues between Humans and Artificial
Belief Systems", Proc. International Conference on Artificial

Intelligence, Washington, D.C., 1969.

. Duffield, A. Robertson, C. Djerassi, B. Buchanan, G. Sutherland,

E. Feigenbaum, and J. Lederberg, "Application of Artificial
Intelligence for Chemical Inference II. Interpretation of

Low Resolution Mass Spectra of Ketones", J. of American Chemical
Society, May 1969.

Feldman, G. Feldman, G. Falk, G. Grape, J. Pearlman, I. Sobel,
and J. Tenenbaum, "The Stanford Hand-Eye Project", Proc.Inter-
national Conf. on Artificial Intelligence, Washington, D.C.,

1969.

Feldman (with P. Rovner), "An Algol-based Associative Language”,
Comm. ACM, August 1969.

Ito, "Note on a Class of Statistical Recognition Functions",
IEEE Trans. Computers, January 1969.

 

Lederberg, "Topology of Organic Molecules", National Academy of
Science, The Mathematical Sciences: a Collection of Essays,
MIT Press, Cambridge 1969.

Lederberg, G. Sutherland, B. Buchanan, E. Feigenbaum, A. Robertson,
A. Duffield, and C. Djerassi, “Applications of Artificial Intell-
igence for Chemical Inference I. The Number of Possible Organic
Compounds: Acyclic Structures Containing C,H,0O, and N", J.

Amer. Chem. Soc., May 1969.

A-}
13.

Wy.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

el.

1969 _(cont.)

D. luckham, "Refinement Theorems in Resolution Theory", Proc. 1968
IRIA Symposium in Automatic Deduction, Versailles, France,
(in press).

 

Zohar Manna, "Properties of Programs and the First Order Predicate
Calculus", J. ACM, April 1969.

Zohar Manna, "Formalization of Properties of Programs", J. System
and Computer Sciences, May 1969.

 

Zohar Manna and Amir Pnueli, ''Formalization of Properties of Re-
cursively Defined Functions", Proc. ACM Symposium on Computing

Theory, May 1969.

 

J. McCarthy and P. Hayes, "Some Philosophical Problems from the
Standpoint of Artificial Intelligence", in D. Michie (ed),
Machine Intelligence 4, American Elsevier, New York, 1969.

 

N. Nilsson, "A Mobile Automaton: An Application of Artificial
Intelligence Techniques", Proc. International Conf. on Artificial

Intelligence, Washington, D.C., 1969.

R. Paul, G. Falk, J. Feldman, "The Computer Representation of
Simply Described Scenes", Proc. Illinois Graphics Conference,
April 1969.

 

R. Schank and L. Tesler, "A Conceptual Parser for Natural Language”
Proc. International Joint Conference On Artificial Intelligence,
Washington, D.C., 1969.

 

G. Schroll, A. Duffield, C. Djerassi, B. Buchanan, G. Sutherland,
E. Feigenbaum, and J. Lederberg, "Applications of Artificial
Intelligence for Chemical Inference III. Aliphatic Ethers
Diagnosed by Their Low Resolution Mass Spectra and NMR Data", i
American Chemical Society (in press),

A-6
APPENDIX B

THESES

Theses that have been published as Stanford Artificial Intelli-

gence Memos are listed below. Several earned degrees at institutions
other than Stanford. Abstracts of all A.I. Memos are given in Appendix

D.
Memo

AI-43

AI-16

AI-47

AI~4,

R. Reddy, "An Approach to Computer Speech Recognition by
Direct Analysis of the Speech Wave", Ph.D. Thesis in
Computer Science, Stanford University, September 1966.

S. Persson, "Some Sequence Extrapolating Programs: A

Study of Representation and Modeling in Inquiring Systems,"
Ph.D. Thesis in Computer Science, University of California,
Berkeley, September 1966.

B. Buchanan, "Logics of Scientific Discovery", Ph.D. Thesis
in Philosophy, University of California, Berkeley, December

1966.

J. Painter, “Semantic Correctness of a Compiler for an Algol-
like Language,'’ Ph.D. Thesis in Computer Science, Stanford
University, March 1967.

W. Wichman, “Use of Optical Feedback in the Computer Control
of an Arm", Eng. Thesis in Electrical Engineering, Stanford
University, August 1967.

M. Callero, "An Adaptive Command and Control System Utilizing
Heuristic Learning Processes", Ph.D. Theses in Operations
Research, Stanford University, December 1967.

D. Kaplan, "Regular Expressions and the Equivalence of Pro-
grams", Ph.D. Thesis in Computer Science, Stanford University,
July 1968.

B. Huberman, "A Program to Play Chess End Games", Ph.D. Thesis
in Computer Science, Stanford University, August 1968.

D. Pieper, "The Kinematics of Manipulators uncer Computer
Control", Ph.D. Thesis in Mechanical Engineering, Stanford
University, October 1968.

D. Waterman, "Machine Learning of Heuristics", Ph.D. Thesis
in Computer Science, Stanford University, December 1968.
THESES (cont.)

Memo

AI-83

AI-8&5

R. Schank, "A Conceptual Dependency Representation for a
Computer Oriented Semantics", Ph.D. Thesis in Linguistics,
University of Texas, March 1969.

P. Vicens, “Aspects of Speech Recognition by Computer",
Ph.D. Thesis in Computer Science, Stanford University,
March 1969.