P41 RROO785-09 Appendix C Stanford Project: RX--DERIVING KNOWLEDGE FROM TIME-ORIENTED CLINICAL DATABASES Principal Investigators: Robert L. Blum, M.D. Departments of Medicine and Computer Science Stanford University Stanford, California 94305 (415) 497-3088 (BLUM@SUMEX-AIM) Gio C.M. Wiederhold, Ph.D. Departments of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering Stanford University Stanford, California 94305 (415) 497-0635 (WIEDERHOLD@SUMEX-AIM) The objective of clinical database (DB) systems is to derive medical knowledge from the stored patient observations. However, the process of reliably deriving causal relationships has proven to be quite difficult because of the complexity of disease states and time relationships, strong sources of bias, and problems of missing and outlying data. The goal of the RX Project is to explore the usefulness of knowledge- based computational techniques in solving this problem of accurate knowledge inference from non-randomized, non-protocol patient records. Central to RX is a knowledge base (KB) of medicine and statistics, organized as a taxonomic tree consisting of frames with attached data and procedures. The KB is used to retrieve time-intervals of interest from the DB and to assist with the statistical analysis. Derived knowledge is incorporated automatically into the KB. The American Rheumatism Association DB containing 7,000 patient records is used. SOFTWARE AVAILABLE ON SUMEX RX-- (excluding the knowledge base and clinical database) consists of approximately 200 INTERLISP functions. The following groups of functions may be of interest apart from the RX environment: SPSS Interface Package: Functions which create SPSS source decks and read SPSS listings from within INTERLISP. Statistical Tests in INTERLISP: Translations of the Piezer-Pratt approximations for the T,F, and Chi-square tests into LISP. Time-Oriented Data Base and Graphics Package: Autonomous package for maintaining a time-oriented database and displaying labelled time-intervals. 301 E. A. Feigenbaum Appendix ยข P41 RROQO785-09 REFERENCES Blum, R.L. and Wiederhold, G.: Inferring knowledge from clinical data banks utilizing techniques from artificial intelligence. Proc. Second Annual Symposium Computer Applications in Medical Care, IEEE, Washington, D.C., November, 1978, pp. 303-307. Blum, R.L.: Automating the study of clinical hypotheses on a time-oriented database: The RX project. Submitted to MEDINFO80, Third World Conference on Medical Informatics, Tokyo, 1980. Weyl, S., Fries, J., Wiederhold, G. and Germano, F.: A modular self- describing clinical databank system. Comp. and Biomed. Res. 8(3) :279- 293, June, 1975. Wiederhold, G., Fries, J.F.: Structured organization of clinical data bases. AFIPS Conference Proc. 44:479-485, 1975. E. A. Feigenbaum 302 P41 RROO78S-09 Appendix D AIM Management Committee Membership Appendix D The following are the membership lists of the various SUMEX-AIM management committees at the present time: AIM Executive Committee: LEDERBERG, Joshua, Ph.D. AMAREL, BAKER, William R., Jr., Ph.D. (Exec. President The Rockefeller University 1230 York Avenue New York, New York 10021 (212) 570-8080, 570-8000 Saul, Ph.D. Department of Computer Science Rutgers University New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903 (201) 932-3546 Biotechnology Resources Program National Institutes of Health Building 31, Room 5B43 9000 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland 20205 (301) 496-5411 FEIGENBAUM, Edward A., Ph.D. LINDBERG, Donald A.B., M.D. Principal Investigator - SUMEX Department of Computer Science Margaret Jacks Hall Stanford University Stanford, California 94305 (415) 497-4879 605 Lewis Hall University of Missouri Columbia, Missouri 65201 (314) 882-6966 MYERS, Jack D., M.D. School of Medicine Scaife Hall, 1291 University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261 (412) 624-2649 (Chairman) Secretary) (Adv Grp Member) 303 E. A. Feigenbaum Appendix D P41 RROO785-09 SHORTLIFFE, Edward H., M.D., Ph.D. Co-Principal Investigator - SUMEX Division of General Internal Medicine, TC117 Stanford University Medical Center Stanford, California 94305 (415) 497-6970 E. A. Feigenbaum 304 P41 RROO785-09 AIM Advisory Group: Appendix D LINDBERG, Donald A.B., M.D. (Chairman) AMAREL, 605 Lewis Hall University of Missouri Columbia, Missouri 65201 (314) 882-6966 Saul, Ph.D. Department of Computer Science Rutgers University New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903 (201) 932-3546 BAKER, William R., Jr., Ph.D. (Exec. Secretary) Biotechnology Resources Program National Institutes of Health Building 31, Room 5B43 9000 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland 20205 (301) 496-5411 FEIGENBAUM, Edward A., Ph.D. (Ex-officio) Principal Investigator - SUMEX Department of Computer Science Margaret Jacks Hall Stanford University Stanford, California 94305 (415) 497-4879 LEDERBERG, Joshua, Ph.D. MINSKY, MOHLER, President The Rockefeller University 1230 York Avenue New York, New York 10021 (212) 570-8080, 570-8000 Marvin, Ph.D. Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology 545 Technology Square Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 (617) 253-5864 William C., M.D. Associate Director Division of Computer Research and Technology National Institutes of Health Building 12A, Room 3033 9000 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland 20205 (301) 496-1168 305 E. A. Feigenbaum Appendix D E. A. Feigenbaum P41 RROO785-09 MYERS, Jack D., M.D. PAUKER, School of Medicine Scaife Hall, 1291 University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261 (412) 624-2649 Stephen G., M.D. Department of Medicine - Cardiology Tufts New England Medical Center Hospital 171 Harrison Avenue Boston, Massachusetts 02111 (617) 956-5910 SHORTLIFFE, Edward H., M.D., Ph.D. (Ex-officio) Co-Principal Investigator - SUMEX Division of General Internal Medicine, TC117 Stanford University Medical Center Stanford, California 94305 (415) 497-6970 SIMON, Herbert A., Ph.D. Department of Psychology Baker Hall, 339 Carnegie-Mellon University Schenley Park Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 (412) 578-2787 or 578-2000 306 P41 RROO785-09 Appendix D Stanford Community Advisory Committee: FEIGENBAUM, Edward A., Ph.D. (Chairman) Department of Computer Science Margaret Jacks Hall Stanford University Stanford, California 94305 (415) 497-4879 SHORTLIFFE, Edward H., M.D., Ph.D. Co-Principal Investigator - SUMEX Division of General Internal Medicine, TC117 Stanford University Medical Center Stanford, California 94305 (415) 497-6970 DJERASSI, Carl, Ph.D. MAFFLY, Department of Chemistry, Stauffer I-106 Stanford University Stanford, California 94305 (415) 497-2783 Roy H., M.D. Division of Nephrology Veterans Administration Hospital 3801 Miranda Avenue Palo Alto, California 94304 (415) 858-3971 307 E. A. Feigenbaum Appendix D P4i RROO785-09 GENET Executive Committee: E. A. Feigenbaum MAXAM, Allan M., Ph.D. (Chairman) Department of Biological Chemistry Harvard Medical School - SFCI 44 Binney Street Boston, Massachusetts 02115 (617) 732-3639, 732-3638 ABELSON, John, Ph.D. Department of Chemistry University of California at San Diego La Jolla, California 92093 (714) 452-4297, 452-2008 BAKER, William R., Jr., Ph.D. (Exec. Secretary) Biotechnology Resources Program National Institutes of Health Building 31, Room 5B43 9000 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland 20205 (301) 496-5411 BLATTNER, Frederick R., Ph.D. Department of Genetics University of Wisconsin 445 Henry Mall Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (608) 262-2534 LEDERBERG, Joshua, Ph.D. President The Rockefeller University 1230 York Avenue New York, New York 10021 (212) 570-8080, 570-8000 RUBIN, Gerald R., Ph.D. Department of Embryology Carnegie Institution of Washington 115 West University Parkway Baltimore, Maryland 21210 (301) 467-1414 308 10. 11. References Feigenbaum, E.A., The Art of Artificial Intelligence: Themes and Case Studies of Knowledge Engineering, Proceedings of the 1978 National Computer Conference, AFIPS Press, (1978). Nilsson, N.J., Principles of Artificial Intelligence, Tioga Publishing Company, Palo Alto, California (1980). Winston, P.H., Artificial Intelligence, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., (1977) . Nilsson, N.J., Artificial Intelligence, Information Processing 74, North-Holland Pub. Co. (1975). Barr, A., Cohen, P., and Feigenbaum, E.A. (Eds.), The Handbook of Artificial Intelligence Volumes I, II, and III William Kaufmann, Inc. Los Altos, Calif. (1981 and 1982) Boden, M., Artificial Intelligence and Natural Man, Basic Books, New York, (1977). McCorduck, P., Machines Who Think, W.H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco (1979) . Coulter, C. L., Research Instrument Sharing, Science, Vol. 201, No. 4354, August 4, 1978. Metcalfe, R.M. and Boggs, D.R., Ethernet: Distributed Packet Switching for Local Computer Networks, Comm. ACM, Vol. 19, No. 7 (July 1976). Shoch, J.F. and Hupp, J.A., Performance of an Ethernet Local Network -- A Preliminary Report, Proceedings of the Local Area Communications Network Symposium, Boston,May 1979. Taft, E.A., Implementation of PUP in TENEX, Internal XEROX PARC memorandum, June 1978. 309 E. A. Feigenbaum 12. Boggs, D.R., Shoch, J.F., Taft, E.A., and Metcalfe, R.M., PUP: An Internetwork Architecture, XEROX PARC report CSL-79-10, July 1979. 13. Digital Equip. Corp., Intel Corp., and Xerox Corp., The Ethernet = Data Link and Physical Layer Specifications, Version 1.0, September 30, 1980. E. A. Feigenbaum 310