AN ATLAS

OF

THE MEDULLA AND MIDBRAIN

BY

FLORENCE R. SABIN, M.D.

ee

A LABORATORY MANUAL

ILLUSTRATED WITH SEVEN COLORED PLATES, ONE BLACK PLATE AND FIFTY-TWO FIGURES

EDITED BY

HENRY McE. KNOWER, Pu. D.
Instructor in Anatomy in the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.

Battimore, Mo., U.S. A.
THE FRIEDENWALD COMPANY
PUBLISHERS
1901
AUTHOR’S PREFACE.

A description and the plates of a reconstruction of the medulla
oblongata of the new-born babe was published in the “ Contribu-
tions to the Science of Medicine,” dedicated to William Henry
Welch. The model was built in the Anatomical Laboratory of
the Johns Hopkins University at the suggestion of Dr. Franklin
P, Mall and Dr. Lewellys F. Barker. It was the original thought
that such a reconstruction would not only show graphically for the
first time the form and relations of the tracts and nuclei, but that
it would simplify for the student of anatomy a region both com-
plex and difficult. The shape of the tracts in the cord was well
known, the forms of the internal capsule in the brain could be
fairly well imagined, but the tracts between the cord and brain
were too complex to give mental pictures without the aid of a
model. The suggestion has been made by Dr. H. Mc E. Knower,
of the Anatomical Laboratory of the Johns Hopkins Medical
School, that the description of the model be put into a more con-
venient form for the student; by means of fuller references to
the plates and sections; by a rearrangement of contents to make
the location in the model of any set of serial sections or any single
section of the region an easy matter; by adding a full index; and
by a list of literature containing a few of the most important
references valuable to the student at the beginning of a study
of the central nervous system of man or the mammals. I am in-
debted to him for the arrangements for this edition.

I wish to thank Dr. John Hewetson for the material which
made the model possible. Both series were unbroken, and so

1Model of the Medulla, Pons and Midbrain of a New-born Babe, by Florence
“R. Sabin. Contributions to the Science of Medicine, and vol. ix of the Johns
Hopkins Hospital Reports.
8 AvtHor’s PREFACE

admirably prepared that any omissions in the model are due not
to the material, but to the nature of the structures in question.
I am greatly indebted to Mr. Max Broedel for the beautiful illus-
trations of the model. They are so accurate and clear as to be
equal in value to the model itself. It is through the kindness of
Dr. Henry M. Hurd that the plates of these drawings can be used
for the present edition. Dr. Franklin P. Mall controlled the con-
struction of the model, Dr. Lewellys F. Barker its study. I ac-
knowledge with thanks their unfailing help and interest.
CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.
PAGE
INTRODUCTORY ... 0. cece ee cee rece ee ee eee eee eee teen eet e ee eeennes 13
METHOD OF USING ATLAS... 0... cece cece ec ee ee eee e nee eee tent eenes 18
CHAPTER II.
Tus Lona Tracts. 20
A. In the Medulla (medulla sheet) .,....... cece cece see te ee aeees 21
B. In the Pons and Midbrain (Lemnisci and Formatio Reticularis)..... 22
CHAPTER III.
THE COLUMNS OF THE SPINAL CoRD. 85
A. Ventrolateral column ...... . cc cee cece ee te cee ee renee eres 36
(a) Ventral part ..... 2.6. cece cee cece te etter et wenn 36
(b) Dorsal part co.cc. cece ccc ee ee nee eee tent ee eeree nes 39
B. Dorsal column 0... . cee c ec cece eee cet e cee ee tee tate eeeeneae 40
CHAPTER IV.
CEREBBLLAR PEDUNCLES.
Inferior peduncle, or Corpus Restiforme...... 0.0.0 cee cee ee se rece nee 45
Superior peduncle, or Brachium Conjunctivum ........... 2c cess eee 46

CHAPTER  V.
THE CEREBRAL NERVES AND THEIR NUCLEI. Median Group (red in model), 561

(a) N. hypoglossus, Xii . 2... eee ee ete cece eee ee tee eennes 53
Nucleus N., xii... eee ee ce ee eee eee eens 52
(Bb) N. abducens, Vi... ee ccc cee cece cece ttt e etter cette nen eee 55
Nucleus N., Viv. eee cee tte ences ete eteneee 54
(ec) N. trochlearis, iv 20... .. cece ee eee e eee eee tte ec ete tne ener es 56
Nucleus N., iv... ce cece cece cee tenner ent e ee ee eee 56
(d) N. oculomotorius, Hi... cee cece cee eee eee cee ean eee 58
Nucleus N., fib... ccc cee cee ee cee tence rents 5

CHAPTER VI.
THE CEREBRAL NERVES AND THEIR NUCLEI (continued). Lateral Group.

A. Motor Nerves (red in model) ...... 2.0... cc ccc cee eet eens 61
(a) N. accessorius, Xi... ce cee eee eee wet ee nes 62
Nucleus N., Xho... eee eee eee eee e teen eeeeee 61
10 ConrEntTs
PAGE
(b) N. glossopharyngeus et N. vagus, ix and X................. 64
Nucleus N., ix and Xo... eee eee cece esc cneecaces 63
(ce) N. facialis, Vii oo... eee ccc cece eect tec ces 64
Nucleus N., Vib... ccc eee ee ee cece eneceevces 64
(@) N. trigeminus, Vi... .. 0. eee c cee nc cece ce eecsceueuns 65
Nucleus N., Vo... .e cece cece cee c ec cece en aeeeeeuavene 65
B. Sensory Nerves (blue in model) .............cecececcececnececcee 68
(a) N. glossopharyngeus et N. vagus, ix and x ................. 69
Nucleus N., ix and Xo... cee cece cence cee cessaeenes 70
(6) N. trigeminus, V...... 0... cece e ccc eee ect enaes ceaeeees 72
Nucleus Nu, Vive. e eee ccc cece ceva nececeueeveveens "4
(c) N. vestibuli, Vili... 2... ccc eer ec ee ceeeteues 76
Nuclei N. vestibuli ........ 0... ccc ccc cece cece eee eeeees 78
(d) N. cochles, viii... .. ee ccc ccc vee e ee enaveeetas 82
Nuclei N. cochlew......... 2. c ccc eee e eet e ee eee ces 82-85
CHAPTER VII.
THE INFERIOR AND ACCESSORY OLIVES .....0...cecccecececcccucucecuseus 86
. CHAPTER VIII.
THE MIDzBRAIN,
1, Relation of its Structures to the Central Fibre Mass ................ 92
2. The Nucleus Ruber (red nucleus) and its Capsule ............ cee eee 94
8. The Fasciculus Retroflexus (Meynerti) .............ccccscucccecuece 98
4. The Decussatio Tegmenti Dorsalis (Meynerti) ...............00 0000s 99
5. The Decussatio Tegmenti Ventralis of Forel............0.ecceeeeeee 100
6. Stratum Album Profundum (deep white layer).......... 0.0 cc cc cea 100
7. Substantia Centralis Grisea (central gray matter).......... ...4- eee 103
8. The Pyramidal Tract....... 0... ccc cece cece cc ceeceseteccceucceccs 104
9. Substantia Nigra... 0... ccc ccc e cece enc ecceeveneueeecnes 104
CHAPTER IX.
THE ForMATIO RuTIcULARIS ALBA AND GRISEA... .,-.0.ccccceccceuvcucce 106
GENERAL SUMMARY OF WHat Is SHOWN IN RECONSTRUCTION ............. 109