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SERIES

Pauling Will

on Vitamin

"Tue evidence shows that ascorbic
acid decreases the average incidence

- of the common cold..." so wrote:

Dr. Linus Pauling in his book "Vita-
min C and the Common Cold."

A special telecast on the research
done by Dr. Pauling and others on
the properties and function of Vita-
min C in human nutrition will be
seen on "Viewpoint On Nutrition,”
Sunday, Feb. 20, 7:30 a.m. over

KABC-TV, Channel 7. The program.

featuring Pauling, nutritionist and
author Carlton Fredericks and
motion picture star Eddie Albert
will be repeated at a later date over
KLAS-TYV in Las Vegas, WKRC in
Cincinnati, WSBK in Boston, KOGO
in San Diego, KTTV, KTLA, KBSC
and other stations throughout the
eountrs.

The half-hour telecast delves into
effectiveness of Vitamin C in rela-
tionship to the common cold ‘as
viewed by Pauling and Fredericks.
Aftg carefully re-examining the evi-
de.#e and conducting his own tests,
Nobel Prize winner in chemistrv
Pauling, found that when properly
used Vitamin C (asborbi cacid) is

_ thoroughly effective in both the pre-
vention and the alleviation in the
common cold and related diseases,

Won Nobel Twice -

Researcn has been the tool of
Pauling in his many years as profes-
sor of chemistry at Cal Tech and
Stanford University. During these
years he won two Nobel! Prizes (che-
mistry, 1954; peace, 1962) and many
other honors, degrees and awards.
-- It was Albert Szent-Gyorgyi. a
Hungarian investigator in the fields
of physfologv and biochemistry, who
discovered Vitamin C or ascorbic
acid which has the chemical formula
C6H806. He and other investigators
succeeded iu fsolating the substance
from plant tissues and from the ad-
renal glands of animals.

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Sun., Jan. 23, 1972—See. J J

 

Linus Pauling, left, and Carlton Fredericks in television studio.

Long hefore Vitamin C was linked
te the common cold, its relationship
’ to the curing and prevention of scur-
vy was established. Scurvy is a defi-
ciency disease marked by failure of
strength.. restlessness, exhaustion,
sallow skin, ulcerating gums, fetid
breath, tissue hemorrhages, pulmon-
ary troubles and eventual death.
‘The pages of history reveal the high
degree of scurvy in the beginning
days of sea explorations. When Vas-
co da Cama made his voyage of
discovery of the sea route around
Africa to India 100 of his crew of 160
died of scurvy. Fresh fruit and vege-
tables were scarce in the diets of
sailors of that era.

Vegetables Gathered

It wasn't until Capt. James Cook

and his three great Pacific vovages
during the perioc of 1763 to i780
that the value of fresh food became

evident. Wherever the ships unde:
his command reached shore as they
traveled from England to Australia.
he ordered the sailors to gathez
fruits, vegetables, berries and yreen
plants. Nettletons and wild Jeéks
were boiled with wheat and served
at breakfast. :
On one trip Cook carried enough
sauerkraut, which is a good source
of Vitamin C, to give his sailgrs as
much as two pounds of it a week.
Not one sailor died of scurvy during
Cook's three long Pacific voyager
while at the same time crews of oth-
er vessels, without fresh food, were
being ravaged by scurvy. It wasn't
fat 1911 that scurvy was disvoc-
pred to be a deficiency disease—a
Meficiency caused by lack of Vitamin
€ in the diet.
Today scurvy, complicated by oth-
ev deficiency diseases, is found :n

Please Turn to Page 11, Col. t
LINUS PAULING

Continued from First Page

‘populations devastated by
starvation and malnutri-
tion, often as a result of

poverty. An intake of
about 10 milligrams per
day of Vitamin Cis
enough to provide protec-
tion against scurvy for
most people.
Up to 10 Grams

The optimum intake of
‘ascorbic acid, the daily
amount of this food that is
‘essential for the best of
‘health, is not completely

‘known at this time. "It is.
my opinion that for most —

people the optimum daily
intake is somewhere be-
tween 250 mg and 10
grams," states Dr. Pauling
“in his book. —

"Part of the mechanism
of protection against dis-
ease is the destruction of
bacteria by certain white
cells in the blood, the
phagocytes. In order to be
effective in this way, the
phagocytes must have a
given concentration of as-
corbie acid in them. This

fact provides a partial ex- ;

planation of the effective-
ness in providing protec-
tion against bacterial in-
_ fections."
In research by Pauling,
’ Fredericks and other nu-
. tritionists, scientists and
professional people, it has
‘been ascertained that Vi-
tamin C is essential for the
; synthesis of collagen—a fi-
‘Prous protein - connective
tissue which is responsible
for the strength of blood
vessel walls, bones, skin,
teeth and other parts of
*the body. A lack of ascor-

tbie acid involves a defi-:

‘ciency of connective
‘tissue. The bleeding which

appears in scurvy, for in- .
stance, is a consequence of -

this weakness in the inter-
‘cellular substance.

Some Unknowns ~

The mechanism of the
-effectiveness of Vitamin C
‘against viral infections,
such as the common cold,

is not completely known.

at this time. "I have for-
‘mulated the hypothesis
that effectiveness of ascor-;
bie acid tn providing pro-'

tection against virus dis-.

eases results from its func-
tion in the synthesis and
activity of interon in pre-
venting the entry of. virus
particles into the cell,” *

Pauling wrote. -
‘The common cold has a

‘devastating effect on

Americans annually with
millions of dollars being
lost not only in wages as a
result of being off the job
but being spent on medi-

-cations to reduce the phy- -

sical discomfort of colds.
Overeating of starches and
sweets, insufficient rest,
emotional tension, overex-
posure to cold tempera-
‘tures and temperature va-
‘yiations, lack of essential

amino acids, other nu- —

-trients, certain minerals
‘and vitamins including Vi-
tamin C may be contribu-
ting causes to incidence of
colds.

- Vitamin C is described in
medical literature as "vir-
tually nontoxic." It is <
food substance found in ci-
trus foods such as oranges,

_grapefruit, pineapples, le--

‘mons, limes, tomatoes, and
in green leafy vegetables
— spinach, mustard
greens, turnip greens as
well as brusseil sprouts, as-
paragus, cranberries and
gooseberrles.

_ The ascorbic acid in food
is easily destroyed’ by
cooking at high tempera-
tures or too long. It is easi-
ly oxidized and lost when
orange or other citrus
fruit juices are exposed to
the air such as when a
glass of juice is left uncov-
ered and exposed to the

Needed Daily

Vitamin C is water solu-
ble and is not stored in the
body like other vitamins
and nutrients; hence, for
optimum health and resis-
tance to colds and other
infections, Vitamin C in
the daily diet is recom- -
mended by Pauling and
other authorities including .
the Food and Nutrition
Board of the National

Research Council. The

daily diet should include
at least a glass of citrus

_ Juices, fresh if possible,

servings of at least one .
green leafy vegetable,
steamed if possible, as
well as raw salads of
mixed greens plus protein
in form of meat, fish, poul-

_ try, dairy products, nuts

or seeds, and whole fruit..

_ A balanced diet may pro-

vide, depending upon the -
quality of the food eaten |
and choice of greens and
juices, from 100 to 300 mg
of ascorbic acid.

"An investment in high
Vitamin C intake is a prof-
itable one," sums up Fre-
dericks, "A deficiency car- .
ries penalties which are ir-
reversible."

Vitamin C has been a fa-
miliar item in health food
stores for many years and
it has been used in the
form of supplements by
millions ofAmericans.
How much one needs of it
daily is an individual mat-
ter. Prof. Roger J. Wil-
liams has stressed in many
of his booxs that :t is un-
likely that any one person
is exactly the average

‘man. In considering the

problem of protection
against the common cold
or other ailments we must
recognize that people dif- _
fer from one another and

so do their nutritional re-_

quirements.

Since the modern diet
includes such processed
and cooked food it often
contains less than the opti-
mum amount of Vitamin
C, according to Pauling
who says "for most people
it is advisable to include

-additional Vitamin C in
the diet." .