PRICE FIFTY CENTS. 
GENERAL OBSERVATIONS 
v 
- 
AND / 
BISSEMOIOH'S 
■”‘1 * -Ct 
ON THE 
GROWTH AND PROPER CAR-E 
OF THE 
tvBii mi. 
BY A. GRANDJEAN. 
No. 1 Barclay Street, Astor House. 
NEW-YORK : 
PRINTED BY HENRY LUDVHG & CO., 
70 VESEY-STREET. 
1848. J GENERAL OBSERVATIONS 
AND 
DISSERTATIONS 
ON TUB 
GROWTH AND/PROPER CARE 
OF THE 
H UT M A H E Anio 
BY A. GRANDJEAN. 
No. 1 Barclay Street, Astor House. 
NEW-YORK: 
PRINTED BY HENRY LUDWIG & CO., 
70 VESEY- STREET, 
1848. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1848, by 
A. GRANDJEAN, 
In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court for the Southern District of New-York.  
To J. I. JANEWAY, Esq., M.D. 
Sir, 
I have never forgotten, nor shall I ever forget, the kind- 
ness which you were pleased to evince towards me on my first 
arrival in this country. Eighteen years have since elapsed. 
I was a stranger, and you extended your aiding hand towards 
me, you gave me the benefit of your great medical experience, 
and encouraged me to pursue those studies which have led to 
the discovery of those remedies for the Diseases of the Human 
Hair, which have now established my reputation. 
I have, therefore, taken the liberty to dedicate this humble 
little work to you, as a lasting memento of my ever-endur- 
ing esteem and gratitude. 
I have the honor to remain, Sir, 
Your ever devoted and obliged servant, 
A. GRANDJEAN. PREFACE. 
Im thus giving the fruits of my experience and long years of 
Unceasing study to the public, I consider that I am conferring 
a benefit on humanity in general. Many persons, who, from 
their occupations, and from their residing at a distance) may 
not be able to consult me personally; and they will, by a 
strict observation of the instructions I have given in this 
pamphlet, be enabled, in cases where there is no material diffi- 
culty, to treat the malady themselves. Should any difficulty 
arise, I should recommend their writing to me, stating the 
case, and I will immediately reply, with directions for their 
government. 
I have been compelled to copy-right this publication, in con- 
sequence of the piracies to which my former ones were sub- 
jected. Persons who have not studied in the slightest degree 
even, take advantage of my experience, adopt my ideas, and 
publish them as their own. Of this the public should be 
aware. 
A; GRANDJEAN. 
N. B. In all cases, when patients apply by letter for advice, 
they must enclose $5. DISSERTATION ON THE HUMAN HAIR. 
BY A. GRANDJEAN. 
NO. 1. 
ADVICE TO YOUNG MOTHERS. 
Before beginning this dissertation upon the hair of new-born children, it may be 
Useful to enter into some preliminary observations, which will not appear irrelevant 
to persons who, from humanity or from fdial affection, are pleased to interest them- 
selves in the cultivation (may I be permitted to use the term ?) of the most graceful 
ornament of th® human head. 
The beauty and the healthy growth of a plant or tree, incontestably depends upon 
the greater or less care with which its youth or infancy has been tended. 
It is equally indispensable to have a precise idea of the phenomena which attend 
the formation of the hair before the birth of the child- 
Previous to our birth, and during the first month of conception, there does not 
exist any appearance of the bulbs, which surround the roots of the hair ; it is only 
about the middle of the second month, that the formation of the epidermis begins to 
be visible. Until four months and a half have elapsed, the skin is thin, colourless 
and transparent; at this period are perceived the sebaceous follicles upon the head, 
then begin to appear the capillary stems, under the form of downy fibres, lying im- 
bedded in the skin, which then appears only an unctuous substance of the finest 
texture. 
Before or after the birth of the child, this light down falls, and is replaced by a 
tube possessing much more consistency. 
But it also happens, with some children, that this light down, instead of falling, 
attains considerable development, remains implanted, and covers the skin in evejy 
part of the body ; the child is then in the position of some spoken of in ancient times, 
who were considered by men of little judgment, and by some old gossips, as bears, or 
goats ; in short, as being the progeny of the devil, under the shape of a hairy animal; 
for their bodies, their faces, and their limbs, are entirely covered with hair. But it 
is simply nothing more than an exaggerated capillary development—in short, an ir- 
regularity in the laws of Nature, which must be classed among the series Of mon- 
strosities or numerous deviations which the works of Nature so frequently present. 
We will now proceed to speak of the means which ought to be employed With re- 
gard to the hair of children, from the first day of their birth. 
Immediately on their coming into the world, they are placed in the hands of 
persons who are considered the most capable of performing the first ablution, in 
order to rid the skin of the child of the sebaceous unctuous matter in which for three 
or four months almost every part of the child had been immersed. 
I will not permit myself to enter here into the details or a lengthened discussion of 
the inconceivable barbarity of plunging into water, more or less cold, the bodies of 
these little helpless creatures ; I will merely observe, that the first cry which they 
emit, appears to be the result of the painful feeling occasioned by the impression of 
the air upon their bodies, plunged suddenly into an atmosphere colder than that 6 
which they have quitted forever. The child has scarcely recovered from thiscommo- 
tion, when it has to undergo one of a still severer nature, by washing it, notwith- 
standing the evident proofs it gives of the excitement and pain which it endures ; in 
short, the operation is no less continued, always accompanied by the cries of the 
child, and which mostly end in a violent fit of sneezing. 
I trust I shall be excused for having written the above few lines, as they may be 
considered as being no part of my present subject ; but I have done so in order that 
I may be able, in its proper order, to combat the continuance of a system highly de- 
structive of the human hair. 
As soon as this cruel immersion is completed, the child is wrapped up in a blanket 
or woollen shawl; and what will it be imagined is the effect produced by this animal 
substance on its soft, silky, little hair? It destroys it—consumes it—grates it away 
—as surely as will a hard steel file a bar of malleable iron. 
Without in any way occupying myself with regard to the body of the child, I will 
state that which, in my opinion, should be done with regard to its head. Instead of 
washing the head with water, as soon as the new-born infant is placed in your arms, 
have two or three teaspoonfuls of sweet oil poured into your right hand, while with 
the left you support the head of the child, and rub it freely, making your hand turn 
round every part of the head ; rub it, I again say, until the whole of the sebaceous 
substance appears to be dissolved by the oil, and then, with a moderately warm and 
very fine piece of linen—a cambric handkerchief for example—wipe it all off till the 
head is as dry as possible, and it will then remain as soft and clean as can be de- 
sired ; I could also recommend the same easy, simple operation to be performed upon 
the whole of the body, kno wing from experience that it would be beneficial; but I 
abstain from doing so, because it is not in my province. The head and hair are my 
sole domain. 
This operation terminated, wrap up the body of the child, if it so pleases you, in 
flannel; but instead of covering its head with anything of the same texture, make a 
hood of some soft substance, which will not grate upon the hair, and consequently 
during the perpetual movements of the child, its little hair will not be subjected to the 
rude effects of a woollen wrapper. 
After the second day, in order to assist nature and accelerate the shooting forth of 
the hair abundantly from beneath the derma, the phrenological parts numbered 
13, 14 and 15, should have a very soft brush passed over them; but this must be 
done with considerable care, for it will be well here to remind young mothers that 
the bones of the head are but imperfectly formed, and that they are not completely 
closed or soldered together, if I may use the expression, until the child attains its 
tenth or twelfth year, according to some who have written upon the subject, and its 
third or fourth year, according to others. The former speak doubtless of the closing 
of the whole of the different joints or plates of which the skull is formed, while the 
latter speak of the fans pulsatilis—see the line of demarcation between Nos. 14 and 
15. I have said above, that care must be taken with regard to Nos. 13, 14, and 15 ; 
and recommend that friction should be more forcible upon the remaining portions of 
the head, and principally on Nos. 1, 2, 5, 4, and 12, 7, 8, 9, and 19, it being clearly 
understood that care must be taken not to give anything like a blow with the brush 
on a child’s head, for the whole life and destiny of an individual might be more or 
less changed by the more or less delicacy employed in brushing over those delicate 
organs, which enclose at once its genius and its intelligence. 
The soft brush should be used twice a day, morning and evening, but never im- 
mediately after it has been fed. This will free the pores from the secretions which 
the perspiration leaves upon them, will facilitate the growth of the hair, strengthen- 
ing at the same time the whole system, and will considerably assist the clearing off*of 
the epidermis, which in new-born children exfoliates only from the second to the 
tenth day. It will bo observed that this will produce a sensation of comfort in the 
infant, from a soft, slight murmuring noise which it will make, and which cannot be 
interpreted otherwise than an evidence of satisfaction, in which the care of a tender 
mother can never be mistaken. 
In a short time, the infant will itself encourage this salutary operation by seeking 
to reach its head with its little hands, as if requesting that these frictions should be 7 
continued. (Many nurses adopt this as a means of quickly getting their children to 
sleep.) 
The color of the hair of children, as that of their eyes, and of their skin, the con- 
stitutional color as it is called, is not decidedly fixed until after they are three months 
old. The particular shade which the hair assumes after the birth, issometimes deter- 
mined by the temperature, or by the greater or lesser degree of density of the sun’s 
rays illuminating the place in which they live. In all ages, the influence of light 
has been recognised on bodies of every nature ; upon the hair and coats of animals 
its action is incontestable. It is well known that plants, when raised in darkness, 
droop and wither, and that they always present their faces, if I may use the expres- 
sion, to that quarter from which any ray of light, however trifling it may be, gleams 
upon them. Light, or the solar rays, produce various combinations, which induce 
various colors : that part of a fruit, a peach or apple, for instance, which is most ex- 
posed to the action of the solar rays, is always the most highly colored. The color 
of the hair is generally found to be dark in southern countries and fair towards the 
north. However, it is by their hair alone that, immediately after their birth, some 
judgment may be formed as to whether they will be fair or dark. It is true, that 
subsequently, from a thousand internal and even external causes, modifications may 
take place in the constitution, and in the temperament; but as a general rule, the 
older a child grows, the darker do these different colors become. A change of cli- 
mate, which naturally compels a change of food or the mode of living, effects also a 
change in the whole system, and consequently enriches or impoverishes the various 
fluids which nourish and support the hair. 
I must, however, admit, that in the above I have generalized the subject, for it 
would be impossible to do otherwise in writing a dissertation of this nature, for the 
color of the hair and the complexion are not always influenced by the climate in 
which a child is born. 
As a general rule, the hair is always lighter in early infancy, and it continues to 
acquire a darker shade from that time until the day when it loses its color alto- 
gether to turn white ; until it attains that point, it becomes darker from month to 
month, and from year to year. 
The hair of children is very often branched, that is to say, divided at the points : 
in some they are bifides, tritides, multifides ; this is natural, and is not a disease ex- 
cepting after they have become adults ; the hair is generally planted obliquely : some 
of those on the back and upper partsof the head take a perpendicular direction, which 
constitues the epie, which is after met with to the great dissatisfaction of many ladies, 
at the roots of the hair, in the middle or on one side of the forehead. 
When the child is born in a healthy state, and there is no mucous formation on the 
top of the head, the very soft brush is the only thing that should be used, and in the 
manner explained above, and no sort of preparation should be applied ; the use of the 
brush twice a day will be sufficient. 
The greater the vital power observed in the growth of young hair, the less should 
external applications be employed : for the principal organs of the hair being concealed 
beneath the epidermis, in this position they receive the immediate action of the heat, 
which vivifies all the hidden springs that nourish them : by virtue of which the 
hairmakes its selection of certain substances and rejects others ; for it is in this mode 
that this organic body has the faculty of appropriating and assimilating to itself the 
nutritive particles which are digested in its bulbs, before they are distributed through its 
various formations. Therefore, when the hair has a perfectly healthy appearance, 
as I have said above, no description of preparation should be resorted to. 
On the contrary, should a species of crassy covering be formed over the scalp, 
some time after the birth of the child, the mother should not. fear that by removing 
it she would do her child an injury ; there are some who think that this mucous se- 
cretion ought to be respected ; but the practice appears to me to be erroneous. I 
have never seen, in my extensive practice, any accident arise from the removing of 
it, nor can there, if proper measures are pursued, and which I shall presently point 
out. If, on the contrary, and in order not to run counter to this old and foolish pre- 
judice, the parents allow this crust to remain upon the scalp, numerous accidents 
maybe occasioned by it; for example, the matter which remains beneath it, often 8 
ulcerates the roots of the hair, weakens the vitality of the nervous membranes, and 
often prevents the recovering of these parts during several years ; for having been 
weakened in early infancy, they never produce solid roots, and the hair falls at the 
age of from eighteen to twenty-five, never to re-appear. 
The best method to be employed, is to prevent the formation of this unctuous 
crust; the moment that the skin is observed to be turning yellow, the skin should be 
delicately washed with a piece of very fine, soft linen, well saturated with the milk of 
the mother or the nurse. 
Should the crust have been formed for several days, fresh cream should be ap- 
plied to it twice a day, but without rubbing it, taking care to wipe off that which had 
been applied before, orit would become sour and acrid ; should the crust be too tena- 
cious to be removed in this way, apply simple Composition, No. 1. Should the dis- 
order have gone beyond these first periods, then take advice. 
By these simple means, it is rare that the crust, although it may have acquired 
some consistency, is not effectually removed, and that in the course of five or six 
days. By this it will be seen, that I do not advocate its being removed abruptly. 
The best advice which I can give from the experience I have had, is to avoid the 
primary cause of the malady, and which is most frequently the use of caps. 
It may not be considered out of place, were I here to give the result of observa- 
tions which I made in Europe thirty years ago. 
I observed that all nurses and all mothers in France, would not relinquish the old- 
established custom of covering a child’s head from the moment of its birth. In the 
first place, with a small cotton cap ; secondly, with a flannel cap ; thirdly, with a 
smart cap, trimmed with lace, &c. I had almost forgotten the fourth cap, which 
is made of silk or satin, blue for boys, and pink and white for girls, and which is 
placed under the lace one that it may show through. I have seen, good Lord, and 
with my own eyes, mothers who by way of a second cap, covered their children’s 
heads with a leaden coif. What shall i say of such a custom, which is as absurd as 
it is abominable ? Shall I say that we are wiser in our generation? No I I will 
merely repeat the proverb, that Frenchman are, or ought to be, hot-headed. 
Here in America, we encourage the growth of our children’s hair by another me- 
thod ; their heads are exposed and free, from their tenderest infancy ; and what is the 
result ? That the heads of American children in general, taken in the mass, are 
exempt from that unctuous crust and other filthy humors which I have remarked 
upon the heads of most children in France. On the other side, the American mo- 
ther has too exaggerated an idea as to the necessity of washing the heads of her 
children, and which produces, as I shall prove in my Dissertation No. 2, heads of 
hair which are dried up and have a yellow tinge, and are never flexible and silky. 
It would be much more reasonable to be satisfied with washing the heads of children 
only once each week, and even then I should recommend its being done only in case 
of their heads requiring it; for if they are cleanly, what is there to wash away? 
Only the richness of the hair and skin, which incontestably requires that nutriment 
which is thrown out from the capillary vessels to maintain its vitality and flexibility. 
If from fancy or from necessity you wash your children’s heads, do not omit to 
dry their hair and heads completely, otherwise you will incur the risk which you will 
also find pointed out in Dissertation No. 2. 
In cases of weakness, dryness, discoloring of the hair, or any other deterioration, 
ask advice.—Otherwise make use of two very soft brushes ; the one dry to brush during 
several minutes, every part of the head ; the other should be impregnated with the 
Grandjean Composition No. 1, and the whole surface of the head brushed with it, 
so that all the hair will be anointed with an equal proportion of this softening pre- 
paration, and not forming separate unctuous patches, which might happen should it 
be applied merely with the hand. 
When the hair of children has become thick, and which with many does not hap- 
pen until they are from two to four years old, care should be taken in the case of 
boys to frequently refresh the hair by cutting off the extreme points,—but in the case 
of girls, it never should be done. I will, however, mention the result of my experi- 
ence with regard to several of my own children. 
1st Experiment. About twelve years ago, I cut off the hair of one of my chil- 9 
dren ; I cut it close and kept it in that state until the age of four years, the period 
when I conceived that the roots of the hair were perfectly formed on every part of 
the head ; I then shaved the whole of the scalp, which I continued to do during several 
weeks. After that, I allowed the hair to grow to the length of about two inches, 
and I have kept it that length until the present time, April, 1848. The child, who 
is a boy, is now thirteen years of age. His hair is of a very dark chestnut color, 
strong, the tubes straight, but not very thick. 
2d Experiment. I made an experiment of a precisely contrary nature on two of 
my other children. From their birth I allowed their hair to grow freely, without its 
being constrained in any way, or being covered either day or night by a cap. The 
scissors have never been.applied to them ; the one is now eight years old, the other 
ten. They have light hair, one indeed pale light; their hair curls naturally ; they 
have never used water to their hair, but from time to time a little of the Grandjean 
Composition No. 1. 
3d Experiment. I allowed the hair of two other of my children to grow without 
any attention being paid to it; the one a girl, the other a boy; from their earliest 
infancy they have always gone bareheaded ; their hair has been washed very fre- 
quently with Water, and also with soap and water: the one is five, the other seven 
years old, and the hair of both is lighter than that of their brother and sisters; it is 
dry, breaks easily, has a yellow tinge, appearing as if burnt up, in fact, looking very 
much like hemp. One peculiarity I must mention here, which is, that the little girl, 
who is now nearly six years of age, had hair which from her infancy had always 
curled naturally ; but about two years ago, while playing with one of her sisters, the 
latter cut off the whole of her hair. Since this accidental cutting of the hair, it has 
grown again, but without the slightest waive in it ; it is, in fact, as straight as so 
many sticks. 
I am now making some other curious experiments on the hair of two other of my 
children, of which I cannot yet give any account, but shall do so in some of my fu- 
ture dissertations. 
I therefore conclude from the experiments I have made: 
That the human hair ought never to be wounded by scissors or any other cutting 
instrument. Assimilating the hair of man to a tree: you cut but the points of 
the branches of the latter, and never the stem, without risking its entire destruc- 
tion, and consequently, I would only allow the hair to be refreshed by cutting the 
extreme points once every week. 
That the cutting of the hair never increases the quantity, but only thickens the 
tube. 
That every separate hair, like unto a plant, is each in itself a complete body, pos- 
sessing a point or head, a stem, and root or foot; that consequently, when you sud- 
denly deprive it of any of its fair proportions, you wound it, or at least derange the 
natural ascension of the fluids which give it nutriment—that if you have thus 
shortened it once or several times, you should continue to do so. But if as in experi- 
ment No. 2, you have never deprived it of any of its proportions, let nature play her 
own sublime part, and you will obtain an admirable, perfect and silken head of hair. 10 
MY OPINION WITH REGARD TO THE CUTTING OF THE HAIR. 
It is incontestable, that cutting of the hair has a very marked influence upon the 
organs which compose the scalp, and above all, upon the effect of perspiration ; this 
is diminished or increased by the greater or smaller quantity of hair that is removed ; 
the person who at the present moment has from 19 to 25000 separate hairs upon his 
head, and which in the course of two or three years may be reduced to some 5 or 6000, 
must consequently perceive a total change in his whole system ; in the first place, 
by a diminution of perspiration, which was excited by the natural weight of so much 
hair ; secondly, if we admit that every hair required for the preservation of its vitality 
the eighth part of a drop of substance, which in every twenty-four hours would amount 
to some two or three thousand drops, we should readily conceive that our health must 
suffer from so disproportionate a change, and we should be able to account for nu- 
merous maladies, the causes of which have been hitherto undiscovered: such as tic 
douloureux, permanent or periodical catarrhs, dreadful diseases of the eyes', the teeth, 
the ears, which may all proceed from the repercussion of the humors induced by so 
sudden a change. That animal oil, which was intended for the nutriment of the 
hair, the roots being no longer in existence, is carried into other channels, which be- 
ing surcharged, may produce by their overflow the maladies of which we have 
spoken. 
The cutting of the hair, above all in children, should not be guided by fashion, but 
in conformity with the more or less thickness of the hair, the state of the health of 
the child, remembering in all cases that the hair covering the portions Nos. 13, 14, 
15, of the cranium, as marked on the phrenological diagram, should never be cut 
short. I have already stated above, that these portions of the heads of children are 
always delicate: the person who is charged with this operation should know with art 
how to diminish those parts which are too thick, and he should skilfully preserve the 
hair upon those portions of the head where it is thin, so as to maintain the necessary 
vital warmth. 
The shaving off of the hair, or its being close cut when it is falling off, above all 
with regard to young children, is always prejudicial ; for let it be understood once 
for all, that in all accidental falling of the hair produced by sickness, or rather by 
the medicines administered, the bulbs having thrown out the roots which hold no 
longer to the head but by the simple pressure of the pores of the skin, every time the 
fingers or a comb are passed through it, falls off in greater or smaller quantities, and 
on examining the roots it will be found that they are white and dried up. I there- 
fore ask every intelligent reader, whether, in such a case, either the shaving off or 
the cutting of the hair could cause the bulbs to reproduce the nutritive juices and 
communicate them to the hair from which they are separated. As a general rule, I 
will assert that, in all cases where it has been conceived that the hair could be made 
to shoot forth again by shaving of the head, that people have been deceived by an 
old prejudice, and that the hair which has grown again after such shaving of the 
head would have grown of itself without having had recourse to operation. 
It is, however, proper to admit, that the cutting of the extreme points of the hair. 
stimulates the bulbs and favors the growth of it; and I will say lastly, that gentle- 
men of the medical profession can cite a thousand accidents which have ensued from 
shaving of the head. 
The shaving or the cutting of the hair or of the beard, is, if I may be permitted to 
speak out boldly, but a mere caprice of the imagination or of fashion ; cut your gar- 
ments short or long, round or square, as your fancy pleases to direct, but your hair I 11 
ah ! have mercy, ladies, have mercy on your hair! Muffle up your graceful forms 
and your agile limbs in dozens of yards of all the varied fabrics of the universe, and 
of all the colors of the rainbow, if such be your fancy ; but it is not the less true, that 
every admirer of the fair sex would think you a thousand times more beautiful, a 
thousand times more graceful, if your snowlike shoulders were modestly covered 
and overshadowed by waving clusters of rich glossy hair. That simple and natural 
mantleAvould, in my opinion, be of far greater value than the sable or ermine cloak, 
which you delight to wear. But, you will say, fashion requires it. Were I in my 
turn to invoke fashion to my aid, and, above all, the fashions of past ages, I could prove 
to you that a luxurious head of hair has been in almost every country considered 
the greatest, the most graceful, the most beautifying ornament of woman. But to 
prove to you the ridiculous vagaries of fashion, even in our own days, I would request 
you to travel with me, in imagination, round our terrestrial globe, and you would 
then be able to form some judgment as to which is the most rational portion of it, 
and where the hair is worn or shaped in the least ridiculous mode. Would you con- 
sider it to be the Mahometan, who shaves his head quite smooth, and allows his 
beard to grow to its full length ? Or, what would you say to the Chinese, who leaves 
but one tuft on the top of his head, and this tuft he encourages to grow, by every means 
he can employ, until it reaches down to his heels ? And yet in Turkey and in China, 
such is the fashion! But let your imagination return to your own shores, and you 
will see the Yankee, as we call him, a Bostonian in fine, who shaves his face and 
his temples two inches above his ears. During this long voyage, I might amuse 
your imaginations by pointing out to your admiration thousands and thousands of 
modes of cutting and trimming the hair and beard, but I see that you are already 
exclaiming, enough ! enough ! I therefore pause, being fully persuaded that you are 
intimately convinced of the more or less unnatural and ridiculous modes which exist 
of torturing, extracting, cutting or shaving, the hair and beard; I think then, having 
thus proved to you that all these different methods of abusing this part of our being, 
are, purely and simply, caprices of the imagination and of fashion; that you will allow 
it would be much better that we should be a little more reasonable and wise, that we 
should not bestow such unnecessary care and trouble on our hair. Look at the dif- 
ferent races of animals, who merely shake themselves and smooth down their furs. 
No animal, excepting man, who is the first link of the innumerable chain of beings 
possessing the capillary system—none of them, I say, seeks to disguise itself and to 
appear other than it really is, but man, who with regard to his hair and beard con- 
ducts himself in a really ridiculous and extravagant manner. 
The Creator, in his divine wisdom, took particular care to furnish the chin of man 
with a protecting beard ; the several cavities in his face, such as the eyelids, the 
ears, the nostrils, are furnished with defences against the entrance of any substance 
that might prove obnoxious to them. His head is covered with long and numerous 
silky filaments. Examine and study carefully why each of these different portions 
of his head has been thus furnished, and you will see in this, and not without surprise 
and admiration, you will see, I say, an order, a comprehension, and a forethought, 
which could be only the divine work of God. 
Therefore, assist nature only by means which are simple and natural in them- 
selves, and such as I have endeavored to point out above : and I repeat that which 
I said at the commencement of the dissertation addressed to young mothers, “ The 
beauty and the healthy growth of a plant or tree, incontestably depends upon the 
care with which its youth or infancy has been tended.” 12 
NUMBER 2. 
X E R 0 T R I X I A.-D ANDRUFF. 
Women are more subject to dandruff than men generally are. One of the causes 
for the formation of these secretions on the heads of women is, the bad habit which 
many of them have of binding up their hair, and leaving it for several days without 
even untying it; consequently, the perspiration being thus confined in it, becomes 
acrid, and affects the skin, and the hair itself acquires a disagreeable and almost in- 
supportable odor from the humors being kept thus concentrated. The perspiration is 
separated from the blood in the skin by exhalatory vessels ; sometimes it is disen- 
gaged in almost imperceptible quantities, whilst at others it oozes forth copiously ; 
but in either case it would be advantageous that the patient should every morning, 
before making use of liquid No. 2, allow the hair to take an air-bath, if it may be so 
termed, by letting it fall loose over the shoulders, and separating it every now and 
then by passing the fingers through it. It should remain thus exposed to the action 
of the air for half an hour, and longer, if the person can spare the time ; by doing this, 
the substances which form the perspiration, and which so much conduce to the con- 
cretion of dandruff, would gradually evaporate, and the liquid No. 2, being then ap- 
plied, would, in a short time, restore the skin to a healthy state. (The substances 
which compose perspiration are, a considerable proportion of aqueous matter, acetic 
acid, hydrochlorate of soda, a small quantity of terreous phosphate, and a fractional 
part of the oxide of iron.) It is during sleep that we perspire most freely ; after our 
meals it is precisely the reverse ; and therefore is it, that, on first rising in the morn- 
ing, we should, rather than at any other time during the day, give our hair the air- 
bath of which we have spoken, and which, in all cases, would have a salutary effect 
in preventing the formation of dandruff. 
Within the lasl few years, several persons have invented compositions, which, 
they pretend, are beneficial to the hair; among others, there is a mixture sold by 
some apothecaries, of which castor oil is the principal component; but there is no- 
thing more prejudicial in its effects upon the hair than this same castor oil, or which 
more encourages the secretions that form dandruff. By turning to the United States 
Dispensatory, page 466, you will find the following remarks upon it: 
“Castor oil is a thick, viscid fluid ; as found in the shops, it is often tinged with 
yellow, and has an unpleasant smell ; when exposed to the air, it slowly thickens.” 
Adulterated with other oils, it is frequently sold for the pretended purpose of en- 
couraging the growth of hair. Nothing can possibly be more fallacious ; and proves 
clearly, that the self-styled inventors, after having vainly endeavored to sell their com- 
positions, such as bear's grease, beef marrow, Macassar oil, etc., etc., have been com- 
pelled to imagine something with a new name, which, they assert, affords nourish- 
ment to the hair. Some of them present the public with what they term Elixir of 
Riccini; others call it, more modestly, Prepared Castor Oil. I may, perhaps, be 
allowed to observe, that had I ascertained that castor oil possessed any of the virt ues 
thus attributed to it by them, I should have adopted it in some of my compositions ; 
but, on the contrary, I have convinced myself, by actual experiments, that this thick, 
viscous oil, instead of being beneficial, is highly injurious to the hair ; and I seriously 
advise all persons who desire to keep the hair in a cleanly state, and feel any pride 
in its appearance, never to make use of these filthy and disgusting preparations, and 
for the following reasons : From the mere heat of the head, castor oil in a short time 
becomes rancid ; it acquires an acrid property, which on being confined with the 
perspiration, at once attacks the roots of the hair, and soon destroys them. It mats 
the hair, stops up the pores, prevents the proper action of the nutritive fluids, and 
must inevitably encourage the secretion of dandruff. 13 
Advice givun to a Lady who consulted Mr. Grandjean in a Case of 
INVETERATE DANDRUFF. 
All the maladies to which your hair is subject, proceed from the too abundant 
use of water. As a general rule, the hair ought never to be washed. Hair is an 
unctuous body in every part of its formation, being formed from the fluids of the 
whole system, and, consequently, should be considered and classed as an animal 
body, and any washing whatsoever, whether with an alcoholic or strong alkaline 
mixture, or even with pure water, induces the decomposition of the hair. From the 
too frequent use of water, the hair becomes dried up, liable to break and split, turns 
more and more light, until it becomes gray ; grows irregularly, and produces an ac- 
cumulation of acrid mucus, from which dandruff is formed. This effect is produced 
by the water arresting the proper action of the pores, by contracting and closing 
them, and thus preventing the due ascent of the nutritive fluids, which cannot follow 
their natural course. The action of the water causes the bulbs to become over- 
charged, and consequently inflames them ; forcing them to decompose the sap, and 
secrete a viscous humor, which spreads itself over the roots of the hair, and forms 
that .which you denominate dandruff. However, when you are using the Grand- 
jean Composition, you may, should you be so disposed, even plunge your head several 
times a day into water, because the unctuous particles of the Composition paste, No. 
2, which the hair and scalp have imbibed, and with which the pores have become 
impregnated, repel the injurious effect which the water would otherwise produce. 
See what the eminent and scientific Dr. Joel Shew says, in his Manual of Water 
Cure, page 59, in regard to the shower-bath :—‘ Within three years, since shower- 
baths are getting to be the fashion, I have known a number of persons materially in- 
jured, in consequence of this loose kind of advice. A great many patients are too 
weak to take the cold shower-bath. 
‘ The shower-bath should never be taken upon the head. * * * * 
The head should never be beaten by water, etc., etc. 
‘ Head baths, from time immemorial, cooling and other applications to the head, 
have been much depended upon in that virulent and dangerous disease, phrenitis, or 
inflammation of the brain. When all other means had failed, certain obstinate af- 
fections of the head have been known to give way by a constant stream or effusion 
of cold water upon the part.’ 
It will be seen from this, that Dr. Shew’s opinion clearly coincides with mine; 
and the head never should be bathed excepting in severe inflammatory cases. My 
long experience and minute examination of the subject, ought to entitle my advice 
to some consideration. If, however, from long habit you cannot forego the satisfac- 
tion of plunging your head into cold water, be careful before doing so to impregnate 
the hair and scalp with a sufficient quantity of the paste, Composition No. 2, for the 
reasons stated above. No washing, no shower-bath, would ever clear the hair of 
dandruff; whereas, after using the compositions for a few days, you will perceive an 
evident improvement. Their action on the scalp is to soften the epidermis, nourish 
the pores, restore to the hair itself its natural elasticity, and consequently prevent its 
breaking or splitting. The clearing away of these innumerable pellicles from the 
roots of the hair, restores a wholesome action to the bulbs, and it soon resumes its 
glossiness and beauty, To avoid a possibility of a return of the disease, the use of 
the liquid and paste, No. 2, should be continued for a short time after the entire dis- 
appearance of the dandruff. 
Nothing can be more detrimental to the hair, than to allow these particles to re- 
main on the head; they cover the roots, and prevent the young hair from attaining 
its proper strength ; the vivifying moisture, instead of passing up into the hair, is fil- 
tered by the pores, and dried up ; from the want of this necessary nourishment the 
roots decay. 
For dry, white, floury dandruff, (Xerotrixia,) the scalp should be well impregnated 
every evening with paste No. 2, and in the morning, a very small quantity of the 
liquid No. 2. 
For yellow, greasy dandruff, (Hidrotrisie,) the roots of the hair should be saturated 
every evening with liquid No. 2, and in the evening a very small quantity of paste 
No. 2 should be applied. 14 
NUMBER 3. 
FALLING OFF OF THE HAIR. 
The most important point to be considered during the falling of the hair, is the 
cause by which its fall has been produced ; it will be necessary to question the person 
who is thus suffering from loss of hair with much patience and discrimination, in order 
to ascertain from their replies the nature of the remedies which will prove most effi- 
cacious to arrest the progress of the malady. To offer to the public one sole Compo- 
sition calculated to prevent the falling of the hair, when this may be induced by nu- 
merous different causes, would be as vain as it would be impossible. As an example : 
the ingredients used to prevent the fall of hair occasioned by the use of mercury, 
would not be in any way efficacious in cases where it has been the consequence of 
malignant and intermittent fevers. The preparations which I prescribe for the latter 
maladies would not be of any avail in the partial failing of the hair from the cranium 
—the Composition which 1 employ in this last case would produce uo effect in those of 
general baldness, and so with regard to all other cases, which can only be properly 
treated after due consideration of the causes by which they have been produced, it 
being clearly understood that regard must always be had to the age of the individual, 
his constitution, the peculiar quality of his hair, which has always an intimate rela- 
tion with the texture of his skin. 
There is one thing which, in my extensive practice, has always caused me much 
surprise, and for which I have never been able to account, and that is the answer 
I receive from ninety persons out of a hundred. People appear to forget that it is im- 
possible an effect can exist without its cause. I ask them : 
“ What is the state of your general health 1 ” 
“ Very good,” is their reply. 
“ But you have been sick lately ? ” 
“ Not for a minute even during my whole life.” 
But I, who see from certain signs, that the patient must be mistaken, continue my 
inquiry. 
“ Is not your stomach out of order ? do you not suffer from dyspepsia ? 
“ Oh yes! that is true, I suffer sometimes from indigestion, and have racking 
headaches, but otherwise I am always in perfect health.” 
“ Ah ! very well ; you will have the goodness to use No. 3.” 
Another swears that he has never suffered from the slightest indisposition. 
“ What! are you not sometimes troubled with a cold in the head '! ” 
“ Oh ! as to that, I am very subject to it,” replies the patient; “ but that has no- 
thing to do with the fallingof my hair.” 
“ You are very much mistaken ; be pleased to use Composition No. 1, every night 
and every morning; and before exposing your head to the action of the air, use the 
liquid preparation No. 1. By this simple treatment you will have no more colds in 
the head, and your hair will cease to fall.” 
When a person comes to consult us, and will speak out frankly—when this same 
person assists us, as we may say, in a measure to discover the real cause which has 
produced the falling offof his hair, we can come more readily to our conclusions, and 
can prescribe with much more certainty and satisfaction. 
What are the causes which occasion the falling off of the hair? They are innn- 
merable. 
1st. It may perhaps be useful to state here, that some persons are afflicted by a 
permanent fall of the hair; that is to say, that their hair falls daily and incessantly, 15 
but it also shoots forth again uninterruptedly ; these persons are generally fair, their 
health tolerably good, but are subject to some chronic infirmities. 
2d. Persons who have suffered from illness, during the treatment of which they 
have been subjected to the internal injection of medicines, which have induced the 
impoverishment of the fluids, and particularly those which affect the brain. The too 
copious subtraction of blood ; observance of a strict regimen, as to diet, during more 
than five days ; the loss of that quantity of organic matter destroyed daily, in order 
to furnish to the imperious demands of our secretions, a result which demonstrates 
that by an insufficient alimentation all our organs are deteriorated and destroyed ; and 
above all, the bulbs of the hair, which being the smallest vessels in our being and 
placed at the upper extremity, and which, from their minuteness, are sooner desic- 
cated than our great capillary vessels; the latter possessing much more matter, can 
better sustain themselves against this general drain, and consequently perish only 
with ourselves. If therefore it be proved that, by too rigid a diet, our body falls into 
a state of general deterioration, and subsequently into decrepitude, it can very 
readily be proved, that after having passed through these different phases of sickness, 
and their treatment, that it is natural the hair should fall. 
3d Hereditary Baldness. There are families who, from time immemorial, 
have been bald from father to son. These are generally born with the finest heads 
of hair imaginable ; they have generally wide, elevated, capacious foreheads ; their 
hair is fine, silky and curling ; but two or three years after they have attained the age 
of puberty, their hair begins to fall from the upper part of the head, and those obser- 
vers who take a pleasure in criticising bald heads, cry out, “ Like father, like son! ” 
They have, however, the satisfaction of being enrolled in the class of witty and in- 
telligent people ; whereas the man whose thick hair, from the lowness of his forehead, 
mingles with his eyebrows, may generally be classed among the stupid and imbecile. 
I do not, by any means, intend to class baldness in the list of monstrosities entailed 
by hereditary descent, such as, deafness and dumbness, imbecility, idiocy, hair lip, 
umbilical hernia, &c., &c., &c.; all I intend to prove is, that baldness is often he- 
reditary. * 
This disposition, with regard to hereditary baldness, will sometimes, as it were from 
mere caprice, leap over a whole generation, although the succeeding one will be affected 
by it. It is sometimes more general in one branch of a family than in another. One 
brother is entirely bald, and another not so much so; the children of the first will lose 
their hair in early life, while their cousins will become so at a much later period, and not 
to the same degree. It is therefore natural to conclude, that it cannot be otherwise. In 
fact, persons who are soundly constituted in every respect, will produce children of 
sound stamina ; as from parents who are bald must proceed children who will become 
bald in their turn, although their bodily health may in every respect be excellent, 
and they are generally long-lived : for I could cite numerous instances of men who 
have attained from their eightieth to their ninetieth year, and who have been bald for 
upwards of sixty years. 
The father and mother being in a weak state of health, is also one of the causes 
for their offspring becoming bald in early life ; above all, if the latter should be of 
weak constitution, and they lead an indolent, luxurious and sedentary life. The de- 
scendants of these children, from the concurrence of these causes, will necessarily be- 
come bald also. 
HEREDITARY BALDNESS NOT INCURABLE. 
In the month of May last, I minutely questioned 432 bald persons, and I found that 
321 out of that number were bald from hereditary descent. 
Hereditary baldness is not incurable, as a great number of persons have imagined ; 
the only circumstance which renders it incurable, is when the person who is afflicted 
by it allows it to proceed too far before applying a remedy. If all persons would read 
this article attentively, and would examine the head of their father or grandfather, 
and see by that that he is likely to become bald, or would judge from the signs we 
have described above, namely, a high, capacious forehead, &c., if they would do this 
between the age of 18 and 23 years, it would still be time to remedy the evil by using 
Compositions No. 3 and 4, and by attending to my prescriptions. But if, as in most 16 
cases, they only apply to me when all the hair is gone, when there is no longer any 
down on the top of the head, when even the appearance of the pores exists no longer, 
in a word, if they wait until the skin of the cranium is completely smooth and more 
shining than that of the forehead, then it is indubitably proved that the bulbs are de- 
siccated, their capsules destroyed, and the capillary channels altogether closed. All 
these signs being combined, we frankly acknowledge that there would be much diffi- 
culty and little certainty in making the hair grow again of sufficient thickness to 
cover the cranium. We can, however, do this in almost all cases ; but there are few 
persons who would allow us to treat their case in the way we should desire, or who 
would minutely follow the directions we should give them; for almost all of them 
would wish to see their hair shoot forth again without subjecting themselves to any 
personal care or trouble. It is useless for us to repeat to them, that we do not sell 
hair-seed; that our No. 4, despite the virtues it possesses, cannot always succeed in 
long-neglected cases ; and that, in short, we have never recommended it as hair- 
seed, an article which we acknowledge, moreover, we have not yet discovered. It 
has already been clearly shown what our opinion is with regard to shaving of 
the head and the use of wigs; we will merely observe here, that their use is 
altogether in opposition with our opinion, and which has been formed after mature 
deliberation ; seeing that we have ascertained by our experience, that they occasion 
a numbness of the scalp, which is often highly disagreeable from their compressing 
the nervous fibres of the cervical muscles, and of the os frontis, and consequently 
produce cephalalgia, pain in the teeth, &c., &c. 
I will venture here to make an observation, which, I doubt not, will appear just to 
all well-informed and thinking persons. An hereditary malady, which, in former 
days, afflicted the inhabitants of every portion of the globe, has now almost entirely 
disappeared—I allude to leprosy. Other cutaneous affections, even syphilis itself, 
has lost much of its brutal intensity. The great progress we have made, our civili- 
zation, have introduced a vast perfectionment in the hygeian treatment, the most 
important of all studies ; and when certain men have been able to modify and almost 
to chase from the earth maladies which for ages had afflicted the whole human race, 
it does not, to me, appear impossible to devise a method by which hereditary baldness 
may be either prevented or radically cured, and in the following way :—As it is im- 
possible for us to intervene in the first instance to correct or to prevent the transmission 
of hereditary baldness, all that is left for us to do is to combat it. Our prescriptions 
and the advice which we have given to young mothers in our dissertation, No 1, may 
be of some efficacy in preventing it, and we may hereafter give an opinion with re- 
gard to adults of from 15 to 18 years of age, which may be of some importance as to 
the choice of the trade or profession in which those persons should be employed who 
are threatened with hereditary baldness, as well also as the locality in which they 
should live, the mode of clothing, diet, &c.; for, as I have already said, as all contri- 
bute to the formation of our being, so every particular circumstance becomes as an 
agent either beneficial or destructive. Those persons who have not the facility of 
consulting me personally, can undertake their own cure, and they will derive great 
benefit from the Compositions No. 3 or 4, in all cases of hereditary baldness. 
FAT.T. OF THE HAIR PRODUCED BY CHANGE OF CLIMATE. 
A circumstance well worthy of remark is, that emigrants from all countries are 
continually obliged to consult me some two or three months after their arrival in this, 
our terrestrial paradise ; the general burden of their complaints is: “I arrived in this 
country only a short time ago ; when I first landed in New-York I had a fine head 
of hair, but latterly it has begun to fall, and in such quantities, that if it continues I 
shall soon have none left.” 
This, however, by proper and careful treatment, may at once be remedied. My 
Composition, No. 3, by giving tone to the bulbs of the hair, invigorates the whole sur- 
rounding surface, and arrests the progress of the evil. 
I must, however, observe, that without due hygeian treatment, and that too of a 
well considered and judicious nature, there can be no proper acclimation, whether 
it be of the body in general or the hair. There can be no doubt that individual cir- 17 
cumstances do not less influence the progress than the ultimate event of our slow or 
speedy acclimation, and consequently upon the indispositions more or less serious 
which cause our hair to fall. It will readily be understood, that persons arriving from 
Europe must, sooner or later, pay the tribute which they owe to so great a change in 
their mode of existence, in short to their being transplanted into a different climate 
to that which nature had destined them to live in. The European emigrant arrives 
in this country with an excess of active and calorific power. I have remarked that 
persons of a sanguine temperament, with muscles well developed, and florid com- 
plexions, complain more than others of this temporary fall of their hair. I have also 
met with many nervous and impressionable people, which the French are generally, 
who feel the same effects of climate. 
The ladies are less subject than the men to this baldness, produced by acclima- 
tion ; there is, however, a great disproportion in number with regard to different 
nations. Ladies from Germany and the northern parts of Europe, in general do not 
in comparison lose their hair in such great quantities as the English ladies; the 
latter much less than the French ; the reason for this to me appears perfectly simple ; 
there exists in the habits, in the nutriment to which the English lady has been ac- 
customed, a greater analogy, a greater coincidence with the habits and the food of 
the Americans ; or, in a word, I may say that the English lady experiences little 
diversity excepting in the climate ; but it is different with the French lady, who, in 
addition to the change of temperature, which she has to endure, has to subject her 
stomach to a gastric labor which is quite new to her ; for after being accustomed to 
repasts prepared with all the delicacy of the most refined culinary art, she is, for the 
most part, reduced, on her arrival in America, to dishes seasoned in a most peculiar 
way, and to the taste of which her palate does not become accustomed until after a 
long lapse of time. In short, instead of the exquisite refinement of a French table, 
which nothing in this country can remind her of, and which with her has become a 
necessity, instead of the delicate crisp pastry which she has all her life been accus- 
tomed to, the French lady has placed before her some highly-spiced fruit pies, which 
have been warmed, it is true, but never thoroughly cooked. However, the number 
of French ladies who require to adopt means to prevent the falling of their hair, is, 
as compared with the gentlemen of the same nation, only in the proportion of two to 
five. This disproportion can very readily be accounted for; there are a thousand 
reasons which tend to accelerate the fall of hair in men who expatriate themselves in 
order to seek their fortunes in a distant land. Acclimation, anxiety, an irregnlar 
course of life, business, speculations, gains or losses, &c., &c., &c., which have great 
influence on the nervous system ; whereas the French lady, who leads a sedentary 
life, loves her home, is consequently less susceptible than the man, of being subjected 
to those indispositions which invariably are attended by a loss of hair. 
The revolution then which takes place in our system from a change of climate, is 
effected more or less promptly—first of all from the thickening of the fluids neces- 
sary to digestion occasioned by the change of air, of food, and above all of water; 
also by the sudden checks which perspiration receives from the violent changes in 
the temperature, from hot to cold, and to which the French, in particular, are not 
habituated. This brutal shock, the term I hope will be excused, occasions a total 
•verthrow of our general functional activity, the lungs being the first to be affected 
by it, then the liver, after that the skin, and it consequently throws into utter dis- 
order the vessels connected with the bulbs, naturally producing the fall of the hair. 
It is, on this account, that in my opinion steam vessels, by shortening, in an extraor- 
dinary degree, the time occupied in making passages from Europe to America, have 
the disadvantage of doing away with a gradation useful to our system, and which 
was afforded by the comparatively slow progress of sailing vessels, which by degrees 
approach the centre of an influence altogether novel to our nature. 
As I have shown, the causes which induce the fall of the hair are but very few 
in number. Sickness, hereditary baldness, advanced age, for in the word sickness, 
I include the falling off of the hair during the period of acclimation, and many other 
accidental causes, of whic i the detail would be superfluous in this dissertation, and 
which produce a fall ofthi hair only as a consequence of some indisposition or dis- 
order of our system, or in some portion of it; being thoroughly convinced, from the 18 
experience I have had, that people are laboring under profound error, when they de- 
clare to me that they are in the enjoyment of perfect health, that they have never 
suffered from sickness, and that they have no reason to assign for the gradual disap- 
pearance of their hair. 
We must now retrograde to review in due order the eauses we have cited above, 
and prescribe in the clearest way of which we are capable, the remedies to be applied. 
If a person has been subjected to a course of calomel, and has taken it in large 
quantities, (for I have met with several cases in which people having been treated in 
this way, and losing their hair in consequence of it, have been afflicted by trembling 
fits, paralysis, vertigo, swelling of the hands and feet, ulceration of the gums, loss of 
teeth, asthma or consumption ; forsuch is the long retinue of diseases which general- 
ly follow the use of mercury in any shape, and give evidence of their existence with- 
in three or four months after it has been taken,) persons I say who have been sub- 
jected to this treatment may expect to suffer from partial alopecia. In its first period, 
partial alopecia makes its appearance by one or more irregular patches totally de- 
nuded of hair, leaving no sign of any description of inflammation ; on the contrary, 
these denuded places are of dead white and colorless, without leaving the slightest 
appearance of the roots of the hair, and they increase always irregularly until the 
total disappearance of the hair of the eyebrows, of the beard, and even the hair from 
every part of the body, till it gradually becomes general alopecia. 
For this description of baldness, recourse should be had to an emollient liniment, in 
order to cleanse the skin and soften the spring of every pore : then, after a few days 
of this treatment, I should recommend the use of a strong preparation of the Compo- 
sition No. 4, accompanied with slightly alterative medicine, and a diet more or less 
succulent, according to -the temperament of the patient. When the alopecia is only 
slight, the common preparation, No. 4, will suffice. 
I have also treated a great number of cases, in which quinine, taken in certain 
doses, has produced a partial or general falling of the hair. 
For all other cases of the loss of hair, it will be necessary to have a particular con- 
sultation ; where this cannot be effected, from the parties living ata distance or from 
any other cause, I should advise the use of No. 3, which will promptly stop the fall 
of the hair, and cause it to shoot again after a very short lapse of time, and in its 
primitive beauty. Should the hair have been falling during a considerable period, it 
would be well to use No. 1 for about a week, and after that No. 3, until the young 
hair shall have shot forth ;and when it has attained the required length and thickness, 
then to have recourse again to No. 1, the well-known virtue of which is to soften the 
hair, while at the same time it thickens it. The use of it renders the skin supple 
and elastic, which allows the pores to resume their normal functions, the incontest- 
able effects of which the hair will very soon experience. From the time that the 
young hair showsitself and until it has attained its perfect growth, it will be well to 
treat it with great delicacy, and not to subject it to any violent shock, such as the 
shower-bath, inordinate friction, &c., Ac. 
As to those cases of the hair falling in consequence of sickness, where I cannot be 
personally consulted, I should, in general, prescribe for young children and delicate 
ladies having a fine skin, the daily use of No. 1 ; and for persons more strongly con- 
stituted, or who suffer merely from a periodical yearly loss of hair, the No. 3, being 
perfectly convinced that the use of No. 3, in these cases of baldness, will always bring 
back the hair to its normal state; but always and in all cases it will be a shade or two 
darker than it was previous to the use of this Composition. 
This paragraph and those which follow it, are addressed to the ladies only ; they 
alone are, for the most part, guilty, when they are attacked by baldness ; and which 
with them is always partial, being confined generally to the phrenological portions of 
the head, Nos. 8, 7, and 5, that is to say, above each ear. Other ladies become bald 
between the portions 14 and 15 ; others at the back of the head, represented by Nos. 
5 and 2 ; while with the men it is generally the portions Nos. 10, 12, 14 and 15, 
which become so, the first of these numbers being ordinarily denuded of hair before 
the others. 
FALL OF THE HAIR FROM IMPROPER TYING. 19 
The moment that a lady takes off her hat to show me the state of her hair, at a 
glance I can at once perceive the cause of her baldness ; and I at once say to her, 
Madam, you have become bald from your own fault solely ; you have destroyed your 
hair by the daily use of a ribbon; the hair which every morning is strained and com- 
pressed by a ribbon being tightly bound round it, must perish in course of time ; for 
it cannot receive the necessary nutriment from the buibs, which are themselves 
dragged out of their natural seat, cannot duly perform their functions, and being 
continually subjected to this dragging process, become dried up and die. Ladies let 
me implore you never to tie your hair ; the practice is altogether unnatural; you 
may twist it, braid it, if you please, but secure it only by a comb ; in a very few 
days you will become accustomed to this mode, and from that time the nutritive 
juices necessary to the maintenance of your hair will ascend in their natural course, 
and in a very short time you will be agreeably surprised to find a marked improve- 
ment in its appearance. Otherwise, should you obstinately continue to employ the 
ribbon, there is nothing in the world which can prevent your becoming bald in three 
or four different places ; for, as I have before said, you absolutely drag out your hair 
by the roots, you present one of the most suicidal appearances of which nature is 
capable, that of a bald-headed woman, for you have wilfully and wantonly destroy- 
ed one of the loveliest ornaments bestowed upon your sex. 
I shall not here enter into any lengthened disquisition with regard to baldness at- 
tendant on old age : I shall only say, that, let the age of the person be what it may, 
the progress of such baldness may be very materially arrested by the daily use of the 
Composition, No. 3. 20 
NUMBER 4. 
BALDNESS FROM AGE. 
With persons who become bald by age, the loss of hair commences by very slow 
and at first almost imperceptible degrees, even to the most experienced eye. The 
loss of hair takes place without any visible alteration on the surface of the scalp. 
It is with men alone, that the upper surface of the cranium becomes completely 
denuded of hair, beginning, in ninety-nine cases out of a hundred, at the division No. 
10, of the phrenological diagram. This deterioration operates so slowly, that the in- 
dividual commences only to be surprised and uneasy at it, when he perceives by 
means of double looking-glasses, a bald spot, often not larger than a six-cent piece. 
Then begins the application of remedies, some of which have been so publicly vaunt- 
ed, but which all tend to the same result, namely, a head completely bald, after the 
expiration of some five or six years, with the exception of the region immediately 
above the ears, and the hind part of the head. 
From careful inspections which have been made beneath the surface of the skin, 
in some of the cases, it has been remarked, that the small tube in which the hair is 
lodged, dries up, and gradually disappears ; and finally detaches itself from the small 
nutrimental nerves which furnished its vitality. This change having taken place, 
all is then over—the hair can never be restored ; but, as I have before remarked, 
this change is operated with more or less rapidity. It has also been observed, that 
after the hair has fallen, the cavity in which the bulb was inserted, insensibly dimin- 
ishes and closes up, leaving that part of the skin of the head upon which the hair had 
grown, smoother and more shining than that of any other part of the body. 
In cases of an opposite nature, which although they may at first appear more 
alarming, they are, on the contrary, always followed, more or less promptly, by the 
reproduction of the hair. In these cases, it is only necessary to follow a simple 
course of treatment, which being skilfully adapted to each particular case, will 
make the hair grow even more luxuriantly than before, whether it be a partial, acci- 
dental, or general falling of the hair. 
It is well known, that most maladies have a considerable influence upon the 
hair. When the patient is recovering it falls, and sometimes even prior to his convales- 
cence. I must, however, in this, except one disease especially, and that is pul- 
monary consumption, during which the hair and eyelashes grow most vigorously, 
and appear, if I may use the expression, to gain beauty and luxuriance at the expense 
of the lungs. It may not, perhaps, be misplaced, to venture humbly to hint to the 
gentlemen of the faculty, that it might be well in such cases to order the hair of the 
patient to be removed entirely. 
All hair will, from time to time, change its nature; this depends entirely upon 
the fluids secreted by the bulbs, which are more or less rich in nutritious substances 
destined to foster the growth of the hair. In all cases of baldness consequent upon 
sickness, the hair invariably can be reproduced. In proof of this we will cite the 
following results, obtained from the dissection of the scalps of persons who have lost 
their hair from casual sickness ; and secondly, of persons who have become bald from 
age. 
In dissecting the scalps of the first-mentioned class, it was found that at the 
depth of about a line and a half beneath the epidermis, all the roots of the hair were 
in a healthy state; full of life, and ready to shoot forth, and often at the bottom of 21 
the bulb was observed a small light hair, which, although almost imperceptible, had 
begun to grow. In these cases, it will be readily conceived, that the hair would not, 
if aided by proper treatment, have been long in re-appearing. 
In the second class of cases above-mentioned, everything on the contrary gave 
evidence of deterioration and decay ; consequently there would have been no re- 
source against it. The important consideration, then, is, to arrest such a deteriora- 
tion before it has proceeded to so advanced a stage, and which may be effected by 
proper treatment and attention. 22 
CONSULTATION ON BALDNESS. 
Q/Cye, 
\ 
evidence, 
Qhaeade, QOoj velvet of tfve uBctXi a Go-wt YO tj/eaik. 
This baldness is hereditary, and has not been occasioned by the fever by which 
you were attacked about ten years ago. Nevertheless, had your hair at that time 
been subjected to a proper treatment, it would have grown more vigorously, and 
have been finer than before. I have had the good fortune to produce this desired 
result in every case that has been presented to me, where the patient has not delayed 
consulting me till it was too late to render my system of treatment available. You 
have been wrong in wearing a wig, for that is always in direct opposition with the 
natural operation attending upon the growth of young hair. 
After diseases which are accompanied or followed by a loss of hair, and a subse- 
quent reproduction, the following is the mode in which it is operated: the fresh sap, 
in ascending, fills the capillary bulbs with new substances ; and soon a young hair 
shoots up from the bulbs, which, in the first instance, is so weak, that where a wig or 
a false scalp is worn, it is with difficulty that it can pierce through the epidermis, 
which has been rendered hard by their constant friction. If the young hair suc- 
ceeds in piercing through this first obstacle, it then meets with a second, which 
naturally prevents it from acquiring that vigor, development, and those substances 
contained in the vital air, which are requisite to its formation; and all these circum- 
stances united, are a hindrance to its proper growth, and render the reproduction of 
the hair impossible ; for being deprived of them, it withers away, dries up, and dies. 
Your case is a hopeless one. However, if you will be attentive, and strictly follow 
my prescriptions, you will, in a short time, be amazed at the result. If, for instance, 
you should ask of me anything, which a man possessing some experience in diseases 
of the hair is capable of doing ; if, in short, you do not require me to perform impossi- 
bilities, I can satisfy you. I can prevent your baldness from increasing, as it has 
done heretofore, year by year; I can strengthen the soft down, which now covers 
the phrenological portions of your cranium, 13, 14, and 15 ; in fine, I can make the 
whole of your hair shoot forth again ; but it will never be as strong as it was twelve years 
ago ; it will, however, be thick enough to coveryour head tolerably, excepting at No. 
10, where your hair first began to fall, and which has now become too hardened, in 
a circumference of three or four inches. This spot may perhaps be covered by some 
few straggling hairs, but it would be very difficult to make them regain sufficient 
body to enable the pores of their tubes to pump from their capillary bulbs the nutri- 
tive substances requisite for their due growth, etc., etc. 
Mode of Treatment.—Every evening use a very hard hair-brush to the parts, 5, 
2, 3, 4, but above all brush No. 5 most vigorously. Brush your head for about five 
minutes ; that is to say, the phrenological portions, No. 10, 15, 14, 13; these parts 
rather more lightly, but long enough to warm the skin. Never brush otherwise than 
in the direction in which the hair grows. This operation terminated, take of the 
Grandjean Paste Composition, No. 4, about the size of a hazlenut, and rub it in, in 
such a manner that the skin absorbs it perfectly; then, should any of it still remain 23 
upon your fingers, anoint the hair of the whole head with it, excepting No. 1, 5, 2, 
3, which, in your case, will never require any other composition than a hard brush, 
for by the irritation it produces it accelerates the circulation of the blood, and creates 
a deposition upon the irritated parts, and those immediately surrounding them, of nu- 
tritious substances. 
Your case requires that you should never wear a nightcap, and should you find it 
impossible to dispense with one, at all events avoid using one made of any animal 
substance, such as wool. As soon as you get out of bed in the morning, rub your 
hair strongly with both hands, passing your fingers through it, and leave it for some 
minutes in this disordered state, so that the atmosphere may have time to penetrate 
to the roots; this will purify the hair. After this, comb your hair with a small 
tooth-comb, which should be of box-wood, in order to cleanse it perfectly from the 
secretions which have collected upon it during sleep. You must have six combs, 
which I send you herewith, so that the first you use may remain six days unem- 
ployed, in order to give time for it to dry ; and use the six in this way alternately ; 
so that you have every morning a perfectly dry comb. 
Having got through this operation, dip a small piece of sponge in the Grandjean 
liquid Composition, No. 4, and rub the bald parts of your head with it. 
You must not fail, once every week, to cut off the points of your hair, the strong 
as well as the weak ;—I mean to say by this, that during some time you must cut off 
every week the growth which nature has produced. 24 
N U M B E R 5. 
TO RESTORE THE COLOR OF THE HAIR. 
When the great chemists, Thenard and Vanquelin, analyzed the human hair, they 
were far from imagining that thirty or forty years subsequently to their labors on this 
subject, their discoveries were to serve as the basis of a system of treatment which 
should prevent the human hair from turning white. 
But it will be asked, how can the hair be prevented from becoming white ? Many 
will exclaim, it is impossible! it is sheer quackery ! How is it, then, that on a wild 
crabtree delicious peaches are produced, apples, and, in short, all the most succulent 
fruits ? How is it that on the stem of a white rose, roses of all colors are made to 
shoot, whose perfume far surpasses that of the parent flower ? If my memory serves 
me rightly, I read, about four years ago, a report which was made to the Academy of 
Medicine of Paris, that Dr. B of Bordeaux, had discovered the means of giving 
to the wood of any tree the color which he wished, and this by infiltration at the root 
of the tree, of various compositions, which being imbibed by the fibres, combined 
themselves with the natural juices of the tree, and formed by their chemical contact 
such and such a color. In our times there is nothing astonishing in all this, for man 
has discovered and can play at will with the secrets of nature. But let us look back 
to those days when these secrets were still hidden, and we shall find that there were 
then men as sceptical with regard to the success of these phenomena as there are in 
our times with regard to that of preventing the hair from turning white. 
Upon going into this interesting analysis of the hair, we find that it is composed of 
nine different substances, viz.: 
No. 1. An animal substance similar to 
mucus. 
2. A concrete of white oil. 
3. A greenish-black oil. 
4. Phosphate of lime. 
No. 5. Carbonate of lime. 
6. Oxide of manganese. 
7. Oxidized or sulphuretted iron. 
8. Silex. 
9. Sulphur. 
Black hair is composed of these nine substances. The greenish-black oil it contains 
imparts the color, and this oil is produced from animal substances of a mucous nature, 
combined with oxidized and sulphuretted iron. Red hair is also formed from the 
same substances, only that the oil secreted, instead of being green, is red. White hair 
is also formed from the same substances, less the iron and the green oil, but having in 
exchange for these the phosphate of magnesia. I consequently conclude that all 
hair isnaturally white; from this, it is naturally shown, that all hair maybe render- 
ed white by depriving it of the substances just mentioned. The only thing neces- 
sary to be done, would be to treat it as we do linen when it first comes from the loom, 
that is to say, after having immersed it in water, it is spread upon the grass, exposed 
to the heat of the sun, and by degrees it becomes as white as snow. The difference 
in the color of hair, arises from the different fluids which are secreted by the bulbs in 
which it is formed, depending upon the state of health of the individual, etc. Hair 
becomes gray or white, because, at a certain age, or from accidental causes, the 
green oil and iron withdraw from the tubes and are replaced by a portion of phos- 
phate of magnesia, which filtrates into the tube, and it consequently appears white. 
A preparation, composed of an unctuous animal and ferruginous substance, ap- 25 
proaching as nearly as possible to the mucus above-mentioned, and a given quantity 
of oxydized iron and 60-l00ths of acid properly combined ; this preparation, together 
with the . . . of a certain proportion of the dissolved roots, which cannot be 
determined until the state of the hair is ascertained by inspection. This, I say, will 
effect the decomposition of the substance which causes the hair to appear white ; by 
a continuous application of it the hair would be restored to its primitive color, unless, 
indeed, the hair has become altogether white, and for several years ; for, in that 
case, the phosphate of magnesia has been secreted by the bulbs in too large a 
quantity to be decomposed without affecting other portions of the system. In the 
same manner, a preparation, composed of stearine combined with iron and manga- 
nese, used under proper direction, would make red hair become of a darker color, or 
might even render it nearly black. Red hair would also become brown by using an 
alcoholic preparation, in which is infused a given quantity of the bark of the elder 
tree. This last remedy should be applied twice a day, and as hot as it could be 
borne. In fine, it is well known that the hair, whether red, auburn, or white, will, 
when placed in contact with salt of lead, mercury, lead and bismuth, or their oxides, 
turn black, or rather assume, most frequently, a dark purple color. Of this species 
of preparation, the one most used in New-York, although under different names and 
forms, is composed of lime, litharge and calcined carbon. 26 
CONSULTATION ON GRAY HAIR. 
: 
etcden cc, —. 
QJcreate, SP tecocLOw*. tfve- cKyaat. 
It is necessary, in the first place, to explain the causes which principally induce 
the hair to become white before the age ordinarily assigned by nature. For ex- 
ample : a young person may be in such a state of health, that the cutaneous organs 
may be so much enfeebled, and the fluids of the system so much impoverished, that 
the hair will necessarily assume the same appearance as of canitia from old age. 
Other causes may also be assigned for this. Periodical headaches ; wounds upon 
the cranium ; studious applications, especially at night; excesses of all descriptions, 
particularly sensual pleasures; washing the hair with alcoholic or alkaline prepara- 
tions, etc., etc., etc.; indulging too much in either strong coffee or tea ; eating eggs, 
salt fish, roast meats, etc., too frequently, without a due proportion of vegetable food. 
We will suppose that the person who is the subject of this consultation, has on his 
headtowhite hairs: he must every 
morning, before using the liquid No. 5,above all over the temples 
white hairs for a week ; the second week only . . . must be 
. . ' . . every morning; the third week .... every morning, and after 
that , . . . . every morning during the ensuing two or three months. The 
white hair must not be allfrom the same spot, but at the distance of 
an inch from each other; theof too many white hairs from 
the same spot, would have the effect of causing the surrounding dark hair to become 
white: because the too abundant portion of white matter remaining there that would 
have been secreted by the hair which were .... would be absorbed by the 
neighboring tubes, and consequently injected into the dark hair. If, as I have said, 
you .... at the required distance, the blood, which circulates through our 
system from eighteen to twenty times every7 minute, would carry7 off the particles of 
white matter. But in cases where nearly7 all the hair has become white, the quantity7 
of phosphate of magnesia is too abundant to be carried off-by the blood. 
Afterthe white hair, make use according to the directions of the 
paste and liquid marked No. 5 ; besides this, create a considerable irritation at the 
back of the neck by rubbing either with a coarse towel or flesh brush, which will ac- 
celerate the circulation—restore and invigorate the secretion—sulphuretted iron— 
and in almost all cases will, by7 degrees, restore the hair to its primitive color. 
As I have spoken of sulphuretted iron, I must again chemically explain that hair 
is composed of nine different substances. Of these nine substances, the one which 
causes it to appear brown or black, is a smaller or larger quantity of sulphuretted iron ; 
either by age or accidentally, the iron is drawn from the bulbs, and is succeeded by7 
the phosphate of magnesia, which, being infiltrated into the tubes, in the place of the 
sulphuretted iron, causes it to appear white. All hair is white, in fact, or nearly so ; 
for it is only the various substances which it receives into the transparent tubes, that 
it assumes such or such a color. 27 
NUMBER 6. 
As the Composition No. 6, is prepared only for absolute diseases of the scalp, such 
as RingWorm, Scrofula, Tetter, Scald Head, as it is vulgarly called, Pustules, &c., 
&c., it will be always necessary that the patient should, in these cases, call upon me 
personally, that I may judge of the stage to which the malady has attained, and pre* 
scribe accordingly. 
Persons residing at a distance from New-York should forward to Mr. Grandjean a 
statement, giving the minutest details of the disease they are suffering under, and 
which will be immediately replied to by his sending them the Composition necessary 
to its cure, and instructions as to its application. 
Written consultation and remedy, $5, to be enclosed in the statement. 
No. 1, Barclay Street, Astor House, 
N EW-YORK. 
Purchasers, throughout the country, in order to be assured of the genuineness of 
the article, should see that on every bottle the words es 
IF©S ‘S’lSlS ELOIS 8S are stamped upon the glass, which 
will be accompanied by instructions for their use, to which will be affixed his sig- 
nature, as follows: 28 
The following Phrenological Diagrams are intended to represent by numbers those 
portions of the Head mentioned in the preceding Dissertations; and are inserted 
here to assist persons who can only consult Mr. Grandjean by letter, which, in ali 
cases, should be addressed to him, 
No. 1 Barclay Street, Astor House, 
NEW-YORK. GRANDJEAN'S HAIR COMPOSITION. 
No. 1.—Simple and emollient preparation for keeping 
the Hair in a state of perfect health. 
No. 2.—To cure dandruff. 
No. 3.—Prevents the hair from falling off. 
No. 4.—To be employed to cure baldness. 
No. 5.—To prevent gray hair. 
No. 6.—Prepared for diseases of the skin of the head. 
Consultation Office, No. 1, Barclay Street, 
NEW-YORK.