REPORT ON THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE JULY 1982 PROPERTY OF THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE REPORT ON THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE JULY 1982 This Report is a slightly modified version of Chapter IV of the Report of the Public Health Service Task Group on the Role of the Private Sector in the Collection, Analysis and Distribution of Health Data. The Task Group's Report was submitted to the Assistant Secretary for Health, DHHS in July 1982. Data on numbers and costs of products and services are presented mainly for FY 1981; changes occur- ring during FY 1982 are not included. July 22, 1982 REPORT ON THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE JULY 1982 Contents HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE LEGISLATIVE AUTHORITY FOR ACTIVITY PRIMARY AND SECONDARY PURPOSES BUDGET AND PERSONNEL FOR ACTIVITY DATA COLLECTED AND SERVICES AND PRODUCTS PROVIDED A. Databases Available on NLM Online Network B. Relationship of Online Databases to Publications C. Resources for Generating the NLM Online Databases D. National Library of Medicine Related Products and Services 1. Library Service Publications 2. Recurring Bibliographies 3. Literature Searches 4. Publications on NLM Research and Development, Technical Reports, Teaching Tools, and Other 5. Publications for Administrative and Public Information Purposes 6. NLM Online Services and Database Tapes 7. Interlibrary Loans E. Summary of Volume of NLM Products and Services Delivered F. Summary Comments on Fee Policies for NLM Products and Services PARALLEL ACTIVITIES IN THE NON-FEDERAL SECTOR MECHANICS FOR OBTAINING ADVICE AND CONSULTATION FROM USERS CONSEQUENCES OF DISCONTINUING THE ACTIVITY HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE The National Library of Medicine originally was established in 1836 as the Library of the Army Surgeon General's Office. Its basic role was to serve the needs of military medical officers; but in the following three decades its mission was expanded and its services made available to physicians generally. In 1879-80 there appeared the first issues of Index Medicus and the first volume of the Index Catalog of the Library °f the Surgeon General's Office. The Library's collection increased from 1,800 volumes in 1865 to 50,000 volumes and 60,000 pamphlets in 1880. After 120 years of sponsorship by the Armed Forces, the Library was designated the National Library of Medicine in 1956 and placed within the Public Health Service. Since then the Library has continued to pioneer in the rapid dissemination of information. Revolutionary library technology such as photoduplication for interlibrary loans and computerized information storage and retrieval systems were pioneered by NLM. Its current collection of 2,500,000 items provides the source of information made available to the U.S. and to many foreign countries through bilateral agreements. LEGISLATIVE AUTHORITY FOR ACTIVITY Public Law 84-941 established the National Library of Medicine in the Public Health Service to assist the advancement of medical and related sciences and to aid the dissemination and exchange of scientific and other information important to the progress of medicine and to the public health. It was authorized to: (1) acquire and preserve books, periodicals, prints, films, record- ings, and other library materials pertinent to medicine; (2) organize the materials specified in clause (1) by appropriate cataloging, indexing, and bibliographical listing; (3) publish and make available the catalogs, indexes, and biblio- graphies referred to in clause (2); (4) make available, through loans, photographic or other copying procedures or otherwise, such materials in the Library as deemed appropriate; (5) provide reference and research assistance; and (6) engage in such other activities in furtherance of the purposes of this part as deemed appropriate and the Library's resources permit. Authorization was also given to provide for making available publica- tions of materials, facilities or services 1) without charge as a public service, or 2) upon a loan, exchange, or charge basis, or 3) in appropriate circumstances, under contract arrangements made with a public or other non-profit agency, organization, or institution. 1 Public Law 89-291, the Medical Library Assistance Act of 1965, recog- nizing the increase in growth of biomedical information, materials and publications, and the need for dissemination, authorized the Library to take measures to develop facilities and techniques necessary to collect, preserve, store, process, retrieve and facilitate the dissemination and utilization of knowledge and information. Included was authority for assistance in improving and expanding the basic resources of medical libraries and related facilities and development of a national system of regional medical libraries. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY PURPOSES The primary purposes are the advancement of medical and related sciences by aiding the dissemination and exchange of scientific and other informa- tion important to the progress of medicine and to the public health. Additionally, the Regional Medical Library Program and Specialized Information Services are important secondary purposes complementary to the primary goals of the National Library of Medicine's services. BUDGET AND PERSONNEL FOR ACTIVITY The NLM budget for Fiscal Years 1980-1982 are indicated below: FY 1980 FY 1981 FY 1982 (Est.) NLM Budget $43,891,000 $44,660,000 $44,402,000 Other Funds (reimbursement 2,468,000 2,088,000 1,877,000 by other agencies, etc.) Personnel (Est. FTE) not available 521 556 There are no proposals to significantly alter the NLM level of activity in FY 1983 or FY 1984. For purposes of this report dealing with the collection, analysis and distribution of health data, that part of the NLM budget supporting research and development should be excluded. Therefore, in the following summary, allocations to the National Medical Audiovisual Center (NMAC), the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, (LHNCBC), and the Extramural Program are not considered. Analysis is offered for the FY 1981 budget limited to the allocations to Library Operations (LO), the Office of Computer and Communications Systems (OCCS), and Specialized Information Services (SIS) (the organizations which function- ally support NLM products and services).* ♦[This discussion draws in large part on the Jan. 1982 draft of a report: National Library of Medicine FY 1981 Cost Analysis for MEDLARS Databases and Derivatives."] 2 Budget (LO, OCCS, SIS) Other Funds (reimbursement by other agencies) Totals Personnel (Est. FTE) FY 1980 $19,597,000 2,096,000 FY 1981 FY 1982 (Est.) $20,991,000 $23,381,000 2,082,000 1,877,000 $21,693,000 23,073,000 25,258,000 not available 320 347 The NLM has separated costs into two main categories. First, there are costs related to the "essential national library services" which would be present even if there were no online services. Second, there are the remaining costs which provide "augmentation" of the essential national library services through MEDLARS, which includes database development, publications, online services, and tape distribution. Thus, for the subset of the NLM appropriation relevant to this report ($23,073,000) there is a division into $15,497,000 for the "essential national services and $7,576,000 for "augmentation of those services through MEDLARS (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System). To the $7,576,000, there is added $1,401,000 for outside communication costs (funded by user charges through NTIS); $507,000, the value of "quid-pro- quo" international agreements providing NLM services in return for indexing; and $926,000 for NLM overhead plus Regional Medical Library costs. The total sum is $10,410,000 which can be distributed as shown in Table 1. TABLE 1 FY 1981 NLM COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH MEDLARS ($ X 1,000) NLM DATABASES MEDLINE CATLINE CHEMLINE T0XLINE ALL OTHER DATABASES MAINTAINING DATABASE ONLINE DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM 2,314 149 252 347 1,759 2,798 279 188 466 630 PUBLICATIONS TAPES TOTALS 1,134 54 6,300 — 428 4 444 33 846 3 2,392 94 10,410 TOTAL MEDLARS 4,821 4,361 1,134 3 These descriptions of costs will be useful in analysis of NLM products and services later in this report. DATA COLLECTED AND SERVICES AND PRODUCTS PROVIDED To fulfill Its missions, the NLM interacts with many outside organiza- tions. Its basic functions to acquire, preserve, organize and make available health-related publications in the classic hardcopy medium has been augmented by development and use of new computer and communi- cations technologies, and provision of online access to several databases. The intricate relationships between the various organiza- tions and the interplay between the array of NLM products and services are described below, using the familiar list of NLM's online databases (see Table 2) as the framework for discussion. Numerical data charac- terizing the databases are those of FY 1981. The discussion will be organized as follows: A. Databases Available on NLM Online Network: A brief description of the character of the available online databases and the organizations involved in their creation. B. Relationship of Online Databases to Publications: A brief description of how the online databases are used by NLM and outside organizations to support publications. C. Resources for Generating the NLM Online Databases: A tabulation of the resources expended by NLM and other organizations in maintaining the databases which are available online. D. National Library of Medicine Related Products and Services E. Summary of Volume of NLM Products and Services Delivered F. Summary Comments on Fee Policies for NLM Products and Services A. Databases Available on NLM Online Network A computerized system called MEDLARS (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System) is available through the NLM nationwide network of centers at more than 1,500 universities, medical schools, hospitals, government agencies, and commercial organizations, and bilateral arrangements with 13 foreign countries and PAHO. MEDLARS contains 4,500,000 references to journal articles and books in the health sciences published after 1965. 4 TABLE 2 DATABASES AVAILABLE ON NLM ONLINE NETWORK MEDLINE (Includes 1-4) 1. Index Medicus Journals 2. Special List Dental Journals 3. Special List Nursing Journals 4. Special List Hospital Journals 5. Special List, Other (Small number of cummunication journals and foreign journals) 6. TOXLINE (Toxicology Information Online) 7. CHEMLINE (Chemical Dictionary Online) 8. RTECS (Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances, formerly the Toxic Substances List) 9. TDB (Toxicology Data Bank) 10. CATLINE (Catalog Online) 11. SERLINE (Serials Online) 12. AVLINE (Audiovisuals Online) 13. HEALTH PLANNING AND ADMIN (Health Planning and Administration) 14. HISTLINE (History of Medicine Online) 15. CANCERLIT (Cancer Literature) 16. CANCERPROJ (Cancer Research Projects) 17. CLINPROT (Clinical Cancer Protocols) 18. BIOETHICSLINE (Online file of Bioethical Topics) 19. EPILEPSYLINE (Online file on Epilepsy) 20. POPLINE (Population Information Online) Most of these references have been published via Index Medicus, or another of the printed NLM indexes and bibliographies. Computerized searches use one or a combination of 14,000 designated Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) used in indexing and cataloging materials as well as by using words appearing in titles and abstracts. Each of the following databases (numbered 1-20) can be searched in isolation from all others. MEDLINE, the largest of the databases available on the online network, contains information on articles from 3,000 journals published in the U.S. and 70 foreign countries, as well as limited number of chapters and articles from selected monographs. It contains approximately 600,000 references published in the two preceding years and with back files provides coverage of 2,500,000 references back to 1966. MEDLINE in turn is composed of the first four of the following files: 1. MEDLINE-INDEX MEDICUS JOURNALS Almost all of MEDLINE consists of the entries from Index Medicus Journals, the central core bibliographic material of NLM. MEDLINE contains approximately 600,000 references to biomedical journal articles published in the current and two preceding years. An English abstract, if published with the article, is frequently included. The articles are from 3,000 journals published in the U.S. and 70 foreign countries; MEDLINE also includes a limited number of chapters and articles from selected monographs. Coverage of previous periods (back to 1966) is provided by backfiles that total some 2,500,000 references. The indexing is accomplished by a combination of effort by NLM inhouse staff (25%), NLM funded contracts (30%), Foreign MEDLARS Center staff (15%) and Foreign Center funded contracts (30%). 2. MEDLINE-SPECIAL LIST DENTAL JOURNALS The American Dental Association provides staff to selectively index material from a special list of 900 dental journals. This material is included in MEDLINE. 3. MEDLINE-SPECIAL LIST NURSING JOURNALS The American Journal of Nursing Company (of the American Nursing Association) contracts with Raytheon Company to selectively index material in nursing journals, also included in MEDLINE. 4. MEDLINE-SPECIAL LIST, OTHER A small number of communication articles (C) and foreign language journals (F) added to MEDLINE are by NLM choice and done by NLM staff. 5 SPECIAL LIST HEALTH JOURNALS The American Hospital Association provides staff for selectively indexing the Special List Health Journals. The indexed material is merged with additional information gained from a search of MEDLINE to form the Health Planning and Administration File (the online HEALTH file, see 13). The HEALTH file contains 185,000 references. TOXLINE (TOXicology Information OnLINE) TOXLINE is a collection of 500,000 references from the last five years on published human and animal toxicity studies, effects of environmental chemicals and pollutants, and adverse drug reactions. Older material (663,000 references) is in back files. The creation and maintenance of TOXLINE is accomplished by use of material from NLM's Index Medicus journals augmented by a variety of files obtained from other Federal and non-government agencies. Resources from NLM and other organizations support the following components of TOXLINE: a. NTIS: Toxicology Document and Data Depository (TD3); the "toxicology" subset of the NTIS reports announcement database. b. Chemical Abstracts Service: CA Search; records re chemical- biologic activities; radiation biochemistry; air pollution and industrial hygiene; sewage and waste; and essential oils and cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and pharmaceutical analysis. c. Biosciences Information Service: BIOSIS; records of Health Effects of Environmental Pollutants (HEEP). d. American Society of Hospital Pharmacists: International Pharmaceutical Abstracts. e. Environmental Protection Agency: Pesticide Abstracts. f. Oak Ridge National Laboratory: Environmental Mutagen Information Center File (EMIC). g. Oak Ridge National Laboratory: Environmental Teratology Information Center File (ETIC). h. Oak Ridge National Laboratory: Toxic Materials Information Center File (TMIC). i. Smithsonian Science Information Exchange: Research Projects (RPROJ); Toxicology/Epidemiology Research Projects derived from the abstracts submitted to the SSIE (terminated Octo- ber 1981). 6 7. CHEMLINE (CHEMical Dictionary OnLINE) Chemical Abstracts Service contains a Registry Nomenclature File of 5.5 million chemical compounds, a subset of which is identified as the CHEMLINE database. CHEMLINE is a file of 900,000 names for chemical substances, representing 450,000 unique compounds. CHEMLINE serves as a dictionary for chemical names and a directory for entry into TOXLINE, MEDLINE, and RTECS, and is an indispensible part of effective user entry into those databases. 8. REGISTRY OF TOXIC EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES (RTECS) RTECS contains acute toxicity data for approximately 41,000 sub- stances. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) creates RTECS and gives the NLM the tapes in return for which NLM puts RTECS online. This database provides synthe- sized information as well as bibliographic data. 9. TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK (TDB) This online file containing chemical, pharmacologic, and toxico- logic data extracted from textbooks, handbooks, criteria documents and monographs, is prepared by NLM and made available online. TDB contains information and data on approximately 2,000 substances. This database also provides synthesized information as well as bibliographic data. 10. CATLINE (CATalog OnLINE) CATLINE contains about 210,000 references to books and serials cataloged at NLM since 1965, and provides access to authorita- tive cataloging information needed by medical libraries for ordering of books and journals and for providing reference and Interlibrary Loan services. It reduces the need for individual libraries to do their own original cataloging. Additionally, cooperative agreements are used to facilitate completing the cataloging that is necessary. 11. SERLINE (SERials OnLINE) SERLINE contains bibliographic information for about 34,000 serial titles including all journals which are on order or cataloged for the NLM collection. For some fraction of these, SERLINE has locator information for the user to determine which of approxi- mately 1,000 U.S. medical libraries own a particular journal. It is useful for ordering journals and referring Interlibrary Loan requests. 7 12. AVLINE (AudioVisuals OnLINE) AVLINE contains citations to approximately 10,000 audiovisual teaching packages used in health sciences education and for continuing education of practitioners. Cataloging of audio- visuals is accomplished by NLM staff. Evaluation by content specialists in appropriate professional fields have been added to the basic bibliographic record. Supporting the development of a system for AVLINE, the defining of attributes of quality for producers and evaluators alike, and the operational development of a satisfactory system were all accomplished with NLM funds; having been accomplished, movement is now in the direction of encouraging the appropriate private sector organizations to take over those functions. 13. HEALTH PLANNING AND ADMIN (Health Planning and Administration) This online file contains references on health planning, organi- zation, financing, management, manpower, and related subjects. The assembly of this file was described in 5, above. 14. HISTLINE (HISTory of Medicine OnLINE) HISTLINE is a selective online bibliographic database containing 43,000 citations to monographs, journal articles, symposia, congresses and similar composite publications for the National Library of Medicine's Bibliography of the History of Medicine. Citations for the database are collected and processed in the History of Medicine Division of the NLM. 15-17 CANCERLINE (CANCER OnLINE) CANCERLINE is the current name for a collection of three databases; CANCERLIT, CANCERPR0J and CLINPR0T. 15. CANCERLIT (CANCER LITerature) CANCERLIT is a bibliographic database on the cancer literature derived from 3,000 serials, books, and reports, and material selected from professional meeting abstracts. It contains more than 250,000 references dealing with various aspects of cancer. All references have English abstracts. A collaborative indexing effort between NCI and NLM was initiated in 1980 to apply NLM indexing to the material. 16. CANCERPR0J (CANCER Research PROJects) CANCERPR0J contains descriptions of ongoing cancer research projects in many countries. Until recently, this online database was prepared from research abstracts and projects maintained by 8 the Smithsonian Scientific Information Exchange, an organization which no longer exists. A new contractor will be selected. CANCERPROJ has nine to ten thousand new or modified research projects entered per year, and has a total of approximately 20,000 items online covering the most recent three-year period. 17. CLINPROT (CLINical Cancer PROTocols) CLINPROT is an online version of the National Cancer Institute's Compilation of Clinical Protocol Summaries, a hard copy publica- tion. This database serves as a summary of the approximately 2,900 experimental protocols for cancer treatment now underway. 18. BIOETHICSLINE (OnLINE File for BIOETHICal Topics) BIOETHICSLINE is a file of about 11,000 bibliographic references to materials on bioethical topics such as euthanasia, human experimentation and abortion. BIOETHICSLINE is produced in cooperation with the Kennedy Institute of Ethics. 19. EPILEPSYLINE (OnLINE File on EPILEPSY) EPILEPSYLINE contains about 37,000 references and abstracts to articles on epilepsy that have been abstracted by Excerpta Medica with support provided by the NINCDS. 20. P0PLINE (POPulation Information OnLINE) P0PLINE contains approximately 100,000 records citing literature in the areas of family planning, contraception, demographic methods, migration, historical demography, reproduction, popu- lation, and related health, law, and policy issues. It is produced by Johns Hopkins, Columbia and Princeton Universities with fiscal support from the Office of Population, U.S. Agency for International Development and NICHD. B. Relationship of Online Databases to Publications Table 3 demonstrates the use of the online databases to produce publi- cations. Most publications listed are derivative from the online databases. A whole database or a selected search subset provides the tape from which is made a photocomposed camera ready copy (generally by the Government Printing Office). In Table 3, simple arrows show how some publications are derived from the individual online databases. Recurring Bibliographies and Literature Searches are derived from searches of the entire MEDLINE file. In some instances (indicated by double arrows) the publications existed in hard copy prior to the development of online systems; for some of these, there exist outside organization owned databases from which the publication is derived and from which the data is entered into the corresponding NLM online file. 9 TABLE 3 RELATIONSHIP OF ONLINE DATABASES TO PUBLICATIONS RECORDS IN ONLINE DATABASES MEDLINE 1. INDEX MEDICUS JOURNALS 2. SPECIAL LIST DENTAL JOURNALS 3. SPECIAL LIST NURSING JOURNALS 4. SPECIAL LIST, OTHER 5. SPECIAL LIST HEALTH JOURNALS 6. TOXLINE a) NTIS: Toxicology Document and Data Depository (TD3) ^—^— b) Chemical Abstracts Service: CA Search c) Biosciences Information Service: BIOSIS records of Health Effects of Environmental Pollutants (HEEP) d) American Society of Hospital Pharmacists: International Pharmaceutical Abstracts e) Environmental Protection Agency: - Pesticide Abstracts f) Oak Ridge National Laboratory: Environmental Mutagen Information Center File (EMIC) g) Oak Ridge National Laboratory: Environmental Teratology Information Center File (ETIC) h) Oak Ridge National Laboratory: Toxic Materials Information Center File (TMIC) i) RPROJ_________________ DERIVATIVE OR RELATED PUBLICATIONS Index Medicus Cumulated Index Medicus AbnMfjcd Inr'ny Medicus Cumulated Abridged Index M'Mlrcus Bibliography of Medical Reviews Index of Dental Literature international Nursing index 18 Other Recurring Bibliographies "^500 Literature Searches HEALTH 'Hospital Literature Index Government Reports Announcement "^ Index Chemical Abstracts ■►Health F'lvis of Environmental Pollutants ■►-International Pharmaceutical Abstracts ■►•Pesticide Abstracts TABLE 3 Page 2 RECORDS IN ONLINE DATABASES 7. CHEMLINE 8. RTECS------------------------ 9. TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK 10. CATLINE .______________ 11. SERLINE 12. AVLINE 13. HEALTH PLANNING AND ADMIN. (see 5, above) 14. HISTLINE___________________ 15. CANCERLIT--- 16. CANCERPROJ 17. CLINPROT 18. BIOETHICSLINE 19. EPILEPSYLINE- 20. POPLINE------ DERIVATIVE OR RELATED PUBLICATIONS ■►Registry o* Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances "National Library of Medicine Current Catalog ■►Health Science Serials ■►Index of Ml W Serial titles .List of Journals Indexed in Index Medicus •List o- Serials and Monograph? Indexed for Online User? 'Recurring Bibliography lnd"< of Audiovisual Serials in the Health Sciences Narional Library of Medicine Audiovisuals Catalog -►Bibliography of the History of Medicine ■►"NCI's Current Awareness Journals, Etc. ► * !>'«'m>sv Abstract: ■►Population Index FiW- (O C P ^-» X 1 P en * 3 1 • to UJ T- 01 10 c to •r- tO CL ro "-- P Ol Z to to ■M >- -r- o . 1 OJ c > CO tO lO • tO t—t 0J ra E I/) U. 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XJ i— c u r— r— 1- p p x: o p r— r— > oooui-jc ex: ra a: c ro XJ 0J o > o en —i ra C •—• XJ OJ c O o c O C -r- •r~ lO *r— p O OJ C O T- CJ O <*- 2E Z ro ro r— Z »— »a "O XJ <_J o «*- »-• o o •t- 0Q -r- XJ ra CJ O •<- O O XJ 2 •r- i— O <0 t- O O P TABLE 4 RESOURCES FPU GENERATING AND MAKING AVAILABLE THE NLM ONLINE DATABASES (FY 1981) NLM Databases MEDLINE (Includes 1-4) 1. Index Medicus Journals 2. Special List Dental 3. Special List Nursing 4. Special List Hospitals 5. Special List Other 6. TOXLINE Class (see Text) IJIT I-a,b I-c I-c I-c I-c I-a I-a,b ________NLM Contributions ** Data- base Online Devel. System Expend- Costs Costs 2314 TcT 2798 itures (d 347 466 Index Medicus (see 1 above) Journals a. NTIS (TD3) I-e Pro^ vides Online Svc or Tapes Publi- cation Support to Outside ~TfT~ .Outside Resource Contributions ** Expend- itures Source of Resources (Performer) Wf FTE $ (K) W (i) Annual*** database maintenance costs TjT Several DB's +* HEALTH1 Foreign MEDLARS Cent. (several performers) American Dental Assoc. American Journal Nurs- ing Co., ANA (Raytheon) American Hosp. Assoc. NLM: 5112 Other: 124 4.5 581* (cont) 3.5 95 (2.0) 29 29 (cont) 6.2 167 (1.0) NLM Other +* Office Asst.Sec. Health, HHS 30 (IAA) 813 962 30/jf# * NLM puts database online as quid-pro-quo arrangement for being given the database content I Included in NLM contributions listed in columns (b) and (c). ** lie » license: cont = contract: cons = consultant: IAA = Interagency agreement: FTE - Full time equivalent total; FTE at NLM in parentheses. *** Costs of annual maintenance of database content only; not total value of databases. ff Annual cost for that portion of large outside organization database which is included In TOXLINE- costs for fhpm Abst Svc, HEEP, and IPA are included in NLM contributions to TOXLINE listed in columns (b) and (c). J.able 4 - Page 2 NLM Con tributions ** Outside Resource Contributions ** Data- Pro- Publi- Annual*** base Online vides cation database NLM Databases Class Devel. System Expend- Online Support Expend- maintenance (see Costs Costs itures Svc or to Source of Resources itures costs ]ext) m m $(K) Tapes Outside (Performer) FTE $ (K) $ (K) (a) 00 (c) M (e) (o (g) " (") (i) (k) b. Chem Abstr Svc I-d 13 (lie) 82 (cont) + + (95)## c. B10SIS: HEEP I-d* 45 (cont) + + (45)M d. Am. Soc. Hosp. Pharm.: IPA I-b I-d 3 (lie) 30 (cont) + + (33)## e. EPA (Pest. Abst.) I-e + * + EPA (Franklin Inst.) 185 (cont) 185 f. ORNL: EMIC I-e + * National Toxicology Program, NIEHS 372 (Cont) 372 g- ORNL: ETIC I-e + * National Toxicology Program, NIEHS 312 (Cont) 312 h. ORNL: TMIC I-e + * Atomic Energy Commission 0 0 i. RPROJ I-e + Office Asst. Sec. Health, HHS (SSIE) 63 (IAA) 63 [Table 4 - Page 3 NLM Databases Class (see Text) NLM Contributions ** 7. CHEMLINE: Chem Abst. Service 8. Reg Toxic Effects Chem.Subs (RTECS) 9. Toxicology Data Bank (TDB) TaT I-a,b I-d l-d I-e - I-b 10. CATLINE I-a I-b I-c 11. SERLINE I-a I-b I-d 1-c 12. , AVLINE I-a I-b 13 Health Planning Admin (HEALTH) (See 4 above) Data- base Devel Costs Online System Costs W y) Expend- itures u Pro- vides Online Svc or Tapes "TiT" Publi- cation Support to Outside ~PT Outside Resource Contributions Source of Resources (Performer)_________ M 252 188 20 82 (lie)) (cont) +* Natl Inst, of Occupational Safety and Health (Tracor- Jitco) 5 (cons) + 839 (cont) 149 279 + 149 (cont) NLM-OCLC (Cooperative Cataloging) 133 (cont) + + 11 (cont) NLM-Other Libraries Cooperative Master Serial Holdings File 102 (cont) FTE W Expend itures $ (K) 300 (cont) Annual*** database maintenance costs $ w 542 300 844 428 144 102 lable 4 - Page 4 NLM Databases Class (see Text) NLM Contributions ** Outside Resource Contributions ** Data-base Devel. Costs $(K) Online System Costs $(K) Expend-itures $(K) Pro-vides Online Svc or Tapes Publi-cation Support to Outside Source of Resources (Performer) FTE Expend-itures $ (K) Annual*** database maintenance costs (a) (b) (c) M (e) (n (g) (h) (i) (k) 14. HISTLINE I-a 15. CANCERLIT II see (J) +* + NCI (Franklin, Herner, IITRI) 1550 (cont) 1550 16. CANCERPROJ 11 see (j) 353>W +* NCI (SSIE) 500 (cont) 500 17. CLINPROT II see (j) +* NCI (Informatics) 210 (cont) 210 18. BIOETHICSLINE I-e +* Kennedy Institute Georgetown Univ. 160 (NLM-EP Grant) 160 19. EPILEPSYLINE II +* + NINCDS (Excerpta Medica) 63 (cont) 63 20. POPLINE I-e +* + AID, State Dept; NICHD (Johns (1.0) 1000 (cont) 1000 Sum of 8, 13, 14, IB, 19, 20 Sum of 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 18, 19, 20 TOTAL MEDLARS KHH NCI reimburses I-a,b 669 277 Hopkins, Columbia, Princeton Univ.) 4821 4361 NLM with $340K and 0.5 FTE for CANCERLIT, CANCERPROJ and CLINPROT. Columns g through i, respectively, show the outside contributing organizations (and performers of work); their contributions of person- nel (FTE); and FY 1981 expenditures for other than personnel. Column j shows rough estimates of total dollar value of resources expended annually to maintain those databases which are components of the NLM online system" The costs listed for maintenance are far less than the total dollar value of the databases. Some of the values in Column j are the annual costs for obtaining for NLM use only portions of larger databases belonging to outside organizations, and thus, are not estimates of either the annual maintenance costs or the total dollar value of those outside databases. In the calculations, one FTE is assumed equal to $27,000. Previously described (see pages 2 and 3) was the separation of the NLM budget into two parts, the first of which supported the "essential national library services" and which would be required even if there were no online services. The second part, described in detail here, is to support online MEDLARS and associated functions which can be thought of as "augmentations" of those "essential library services." To aid understanding of purpose and mode of the large variety of arrangements used to obtain the broad array of information needed for this second category of MEDLARS related "augmenting" activities, they have been put into the following classes (and entered in Column a of Table 4): I. "Augmentation" of Essential National Library Services - with five subclasses: I-a Done by NLM Staff. I-b Same as (I-a), but done by NLM via contracts and con- sultants (serving as direct extensions of NLM's own activity). I-c Same as (I-a), but done through quid-pro-quo agreements with outside parties. I-d Acquired from outside source of existing data via license or contract (which, were it not to exist, NLM would have to create with its own resources). I-e Acquired via support from others to meet both others' and NLM's needs: Staff or fiscal resources of outside organizations create data/information to meet needs of outside constituencies; the information service is complementary to NLM missions, and becomes part of the NLM delivery network. 11 to OJ P to I O XJ o «o OJ P XJ -r- O to OJ C P P OJ C r— ro •«- U ro C U p L. ••f- 3 OJ Ol to O OJ OJ OJ C x to e p o X P OJ C -r- O O I- O •»- > P t- to E «— p OJ P O «o c o to t- c o o c P t/> -r- >, C •r- p OJ i- O P P ro I- to U E ro U OJ o c_ C xj o CL O O IO -f— t- Q. 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CL- roOOtOT-tOOOJ 0JOO.OEO -r-t— p X i— P P'r- P O ro to OJ P X) OJ P r— ro O O OJ X rax OiCLtoro Op-r- 3PP r— C C 3 0» 3 -r- r- C O rota xi— coxjOJP r— Olr-t-r-XlQc: 3 > O OJ • O CCO>3> -r- Ol -r- O. _l C P C Xt •-• X O O to OJ X C OJ UJ ■r- OJ > ro >- •«- P E U- ID O *t • to ox oj c to •r- CO i— P • OJ r— tO JO O tO JZ XJ r— JZ 3 E OJ OJ >> O Q. to OJ X to X OJ P OJ ro OJ P -I- P JO to O ra C---to XJ •r- E «- OJ -r- >-r-OtOCCi— U13 Cp-r-jOJroO OtO OJtoroCrjj-r— «*— j^to to OJ E 0->>P OP-r- E tOPZ o C r— >>

OJ O to t- c X »— OJ c oj »a C r— o ro ro •»- X » tO P OJ ro C -r- P _C P C ro JZ O O O OJ • c X -i- C CO to p p oj an OJ OJ O C Oi r- O IO ra *r- c c x» O O 3 •r- r- «t P P ro to •— O Z to •r- O X) r— T3 3 -r- OJ an ro OJ ra •r- p C L tO O OJ r- -r- P _l P ro ra E OJ Z JZ onp OJ C X •.- >,p X JO O X ro OJ C oj c to P 3 P to X) to c ceo to oj •«- p p P •!- to c •— o OJ -r- E t— c O. ro 3 O C E r- C E OJ 3 O > O CO OJ •«-> X r— X) ro X OJ O c -X.- ro OJ X •r- OJ -c > E O OJ O C C r- ro CO OJ (- to oj c OJ OJ O OC Q.P m CVJ TABLE 6 GPO SALES OF SELECTED NLM LIBRARY SERVICE SUBSCRIPTION PUBLICATIONS (FY 1981) ----------------------------------------------------' ~~~~ ~"~ Est.Total Domestic Est. Domestic Foreign Est. Foreign FY 81 Price Domestic Revenue Price Foreign Revenue Revenue NLM Publications_____________________________[%}________Sales ($ K)________($) Sales ($ K) ($ K) > INDEX MEDICUS (subscription)** 150 3265 490 187.50 2623 492 982 CUMULATED INDEX MEDICUS (subscription) 170 2773 471 212.50 3227 686 1157 current year, individual copies 170 2818 479 212.50 1878 399 878 prior years, individual copies 170 844 143 212.50 562 119 262 a.5) ABRIDGED INDEX MEDICUS (subscription) 34 2580 88 42.50 335 14 102 a.6) CUMULATED ABRIDGED INDEX MEDICUS (subscr.) 21 1000 21 26.25 100 3 24 current year, individual copies 21 796 17 26.25 89 2 19 prior years, individual copies 28 220 6 35.00 24 1 7 b.l) NLM CURRENT CATALOG (subscription) 25 984 25 31.25 439 14 39 current year, individual copies 23 848 20 28.75 364 10 30 prior years, individual copies 34 293 10 42.50 126 5 15 c.2) HEALTH SCIENCES SERIALS (subscription) 18 256 5 22.50 49 1 6 d.2) NLM AUDIOVISUAL CATALOG (subscription) 33 811 27 41.25 125 5 32 rurront vp3r. individual coDies 11 128 1 13.75 19 1 ___2_ 13.25 21 ____-_ ___2_ 1805 1751 3556 current year, individual copies prior years, individual copies 11.50 137 ____2_ 13.25 21 ____-_ ___2_ Totals * Corresponds to code numbers in Text (pages 15-17) ** This includes Modical Subject Headings as Part 2 of the January Issue. An Additional 2000 hard copies of Medical Subject Headings at $12.00 ($15.00 foreign) are sold individually. TABLE 7 NTIS SALES OF SELECTED NLM PUBLICATIONS (FY 1981)* Hard Copy Domestic Price MEDLARS TOOLS PUBLICATIONS 3)b)** MEDLARS INDEXING MANUAL Pt.II, 1980 3)c) 3)d) 3)e) 3)g) 3)h) 3)j) MEDICAL SUBJECT HEADINGS ANNOTATED ALPHABETICAL LIST 1980 1981 TREE STUCTURES: 1980 1981 NLM ONLINE SERVICES REFERENCE MANUAL SUPPLEMENT I TECHNICAL NOTES: MEDLARS INDEXING INST. 1980 LIST OF SERIALS AND MONOGRAPHS INDEXED FOR ONLINE USERS, 1980 1981 15.00 6.50 8.00 8.00 PERMUTED MEDICAL SUBJECT HEADINGS 1980 12.00 1981 12.00 TOTALS Est. Sales 505 410 525 1040 2R26 1251 Est. Revenue ($ K) (21884) 4 8 34 15 (288) Microfiche* Est. Est. Revenue Sales ($ K) 57 58 50 73 64 .2 17.00 3493 59 73 .3 17.00 3669 62 68 2 12.00 2987 36 73 .3 12.00 3090 37 68 .2 10.50 308 3 65 .2 10.50 1780 19 69 .2 .2 .2 .3 .2 (718) (2.5) 1 Microfiche price $3.50 domestic; $7.00 foreign. Foreign price double domestic price for hard copy. Proportion foreign is unknown; calculate as if all domestic. ** Corresponds to code numbers in text (page 18) TABLE 8 NTIS SALES OF PUBLICATIONS ON NLM RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, TECHNICAL REPORTS AND TEACHING TOOLS (FY-1981) (1) Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications Title Months Item Available For Sale (As of 9/30/81) THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF CABLE TELEVISION IN WIDEBAND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS (1973) DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A MODEL INTERACTION TELEVISION SYSTEM (1973) BACKGROUND REPORT OF HEALTH CARE STATUS: U.S. PACIFIC AND STATE OF HAWAII (1973) BACKGROUND REPORT ON LIBRARY STATUS: U.S. PACIFIC AND SELECTED PACIFIC AREAS (1973) MINICOMPUTERS IN HEALTH SCIENCES INSTRUCTION PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES USED FOR HEALTH SCIENCES COMPUTER ASSISTED INSTRUCTION (1973) INTERACTIVE TELEVISION: A STUDY OF ITS EFFECTIVENESS AS A MEDICAL EDUCATION RESOURCE IN THE RURAL NORTHEAST CAI NETWORK EVALUATION CRITERIA AND METHODOLOGY (1973) PACIFIC SATELLITE HEALTH INFORMATION STUDY - FINAL REPORT EVALUATION OF THE EXPERIMENTAL CAI NETWORK (1973-1975) OF THE LISTER HILL NATIONAL CENTER FOR BIOMEDICAL COMMUNICA- TIONS, NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE HEALTH CARE AND SATELLITE RADIO COMMUNICATION IN VILLAGE ALASKA EVALUATION OF THE DARTMOUTH NETWORK FINAL REPORT OF THE DARTMOUTH NETWORK ROLE OF COMMUNITY HOSPITALS IN CONTINUING EDUCATION OF HEALTH PROFESSIONALS Price jsl. FY 81 Sales Hard Copy FY 81 Revenue TT8T Sales Microfiche TT8T Revenue $ 12.5 9.5 14.0 15.5 6.5 8.0 14.0 9.5 14.0 9.5 30.5 17.0 9.5 9.5 (1) TABLE 8, Page 2 PUBLICATIONS ON NLM RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, TECHNICAL REPORTS AND TEACHING TOOLS Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications Title Months Item Available For Sale (As of 9/30/81) Hard Copy 7Y~8T FY8T Microfiche TTW Price Sales Revenue ($) Sales ATS-6 SATELLITE EVAUATION TELEMEDICINE IN ALASKA: THE ATS-6 SATELLITE BIOMEDICAL DEMONSTRATION EVALUATION OF BIOMEDICAL COMPUTER-ASSISTED INSTRUCTION FROM A USER/INSTITUTIONAL VIEWPOINT AN EXPERIMENTAL DISTRIBUTED DATABASE SYSTEM EXPERIMENTAL COMPUTER-ASSISTED INSTRUCTION NETWORK: JULY 1972-MAY 1975 INTERACT—A DECADE OF EXPERIENCE USING TWO-WAY CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION OSU PARTICIPATION IN THE LISTER HILL NATIONAL CENTER FOR BIOMEDICAL COMMUNICATIONS EXPERIMENTAL NETWORK, JUNE 1, 1972-NOVEMBER 30, 1976 MACHINE READABLE IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS FOR LIBRARY MATERIALS PILOT—USER'S GUIDE PILOT 8080—SYSTEMS GUIDE BIOMEDICAL COMMUNICATIONS EXPERIMENTS USING THE COMMUN- ICATIONS TECHNOLOGY SATELLITE: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY BIOMEDICAL COMMUNICATIONS EXPERIMENTS USING THE COM- MUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY SATELLITE: SYSTEMS EVALUATION BIOMEDICAL COMMUNICATIONS EXPERIMENTS USING THE COMMUN- ICATIONS TECHNOLOGY SATELLITE: SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS BIOMEDICAL COMMUNICATIONS EXPERIMENTS USING THE COM- MUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY SATELLITE: TECHNICAL EVALUATION $ 17.0 20.0 11.0 6.5 9.5 12.5 20.0 9.5 FY 61 Revenue 27 9.5 5 $ 47.5 40 $ 140.0 27 6.5 5 32.5 40 140.0 25 6.5 14 91.0 33 115.5 25 8.0 12 96.0 35 122.5 25 8.0 25 200.0 35 122.5 19 9.5 8 76.0 TABLE 8, Page 3 PUBLICATIONS ON NLM RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, TECHNICAL REPORTS AND TEACHING TOOLS (1) Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications Title Months Item Available For Sale (As of 9/30/81) ADAPTIVE DELTA MODULATION FOR BIOTELEMETRY OF ECG 16 A STUDY OF SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY IN MEDICAL EDUCATION 24 COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY FORECAST 27 DIGITAL TRANSMISSION EXPERIMENTS OVER CTS AUDIO CHANNELS 16 EVALUATION OF ECHO SUPPRESSION IN VIDEO TELECONFERENCING 25 VIA THE COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY SATELLITE CONVERSION PLAN FOR THE ARMY LIBRARY, PENTAGON 6 REPORTS OF THE INTEGRATED LIBRARY SYSTEM (ILS) 6 PASCAL - SURVEY OF EXISTING IMPLEMENTATIONS 11 ADVANCED TERMINAL SYSTEM USER'S GUIDE 11 ADVANCED TERMINAL SYSTEM MASTER CONTROL PROCESSOR LOGIC 11 MANUAL A USER'S GUIDE TO MAINTAINING THE MASTER BIBLIOGRAPHIC 12 FILE OF THE INTEGRATED LIBRARY SYSTEM A GUIDE TO USING THE BIBLIOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF THE 12 INTEGRATED LIBRARY SYSTEM (ILS) REPORT ON PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND ENHANCEMENT OF 8080 STANDARD MUMPS A VIDEODISC INTERFACE UNIT A VIDEODISC INTERFACE UNIT - SOFTWARE LISTING - SUPPLEMENT THE ILS USER'S GUIDE-CIRCULATION SUBSYSTEM AND 9 GENERAL FUNCTIONS Lister Hill National Center Totals Price ($) $ 8.0 6.5 24.5 8.0 6.5 9.5 9.5 6.5 14.0 17.0 3.5 7Y~81 Sales Hard Copy FT~8T Revenue W 10 3 147 4 9 67 50 149 11 8 $ 80.0 19.5 3601.5 32.0 58.5 636.5 475.0 968.5 154.0 136.0 8.0 246 1968.0 6.5 283 1839.5 Microfiche "FT8I fTTT" Sales Revenue ($) - $ - 22 77.0 29 101.5 26 114 53 82 82 82 91.0 399.0 185.5 287.0 287.0 287.0 83 290.5 78 273.0 3.5 9.5 5.5 183 2836.5 59 893 206.5 1,239 13,348.5 3,125.5 TABLE 8, Page 4 PUBLICATIONS ON NLM RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, TECHNICAL REPORTS AND TEACHING TOOLS (2) National Medical Audiovisual Center Publications Title Months Item Available For Sale _____ (As of 9/30/81) Price ______________Lli_ CLEARANCE: THE GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE (1976) STRUCTURE OF THE U.S. HEALTH CARE SYSTEM THE NUVA-SYSTEM FOR RESTORING FRACTURED PERMANENT ANTERIOR TEETH (Microfiche $6.25) HUMAN POPULATION GENETICS THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM A MODEL FOR PRODUCING AND SHARING INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN VETERINARY MEDICINE SHOCK: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING CARE TEACHING INTERPERSONAL SKILLS TO HEALTH PROFESSIONALS VOL 1 (1978) TEACHING INTERPERSONAL SKILLS TO HEALTH PROFESSIONALS, VOL 2 (1978) GINGIVAL DISEASE OF MICROBIAL ORIGIN (UNIT PROTOTYPE) FREE SOFT TISSUE AUTOGRAFT (UNIT PROTOTYPE) A METHOD FOR DEVELOPING INTEGRATED BIOLOGIC AND CLINICAL DENTAL SCIENCE TEACHING UNITS APPLIED MATHEMATICS FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS AUDIOVISUAL PROJECTION SYSTEMS - TECHNICAL REPORT #1 BUILDING YOUR OWN MULTIPLE PURPOSE CAMERA STAND Hard Copy T7~8l 77 Microfiche 8T Sales 29 27 25 25 $ 4.0 4.5 6.2 4.5 5.2 4.5 6.0 11.0 24.0 Revenue ($) Sales 10 85 21 17 $ 45.0 510.0 231.0 408.0 35 41 41 Fy 81 Revenue w 22 $ 77.0 122.5 143.5 143.5 18 8.0 5 40.0 55 192.5 17 8.0 4 32.0 60 210.0 17 11.0 7 77.0 61 213.5 3 8.5 7 59.5 37 129.5 3 6.5 13 84.5 52 182.0 3 5.0 2 10.0 46 161.0 TABLE 8, Paqe 5 PUBLICATIONS ON NLM RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, TECHNICAL REPORTS AND TEACHING TOOLS (2) National Medical Audiovisual Center Publications Title 8.0 11 CLASSROOM SERVICES: A GUIDE TO ORGANIZING A CLASSROOM SERVICES UNIT IN HEALTH SCIENCES EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS CONTENT ANALYSIS OF VETERINARY PATHOLOGY COOPERATIVE APPROACH TO DESIGNING, DEVELOPING, AND EVALUATING SELF-INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS COOPERATIVE SHARING OF AUDIOVISUAL MATERIALS IN MEDICAL SCHOOLS...A NETWORK APPROACH DEVELOPING A LEARNING RESOURCE CENTER EDUCATIONAL COGNNITIVE STYLE FOR HEALTH SCIENCES STUDENTS FINAL REPOIRT: PART I—TEST BATTERY & ADMIN MANUAL FDUCATIONAL COGNITIVE STYLE FOR HEALTH SCIENCES STUDENTS FINAL REPORT: PART II—RESEARCH DESIGN & ANALYSIS OF DATA EFFECTIVE CLINICAL TEACHING ESTABLISHING A LEARNING RESOURCE CENTER IN A MEDICAL LIBRARY ESTABLISHING AN EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT SERVICES UNIT JOINTS AND MOVEMENTS LEARNING RESOURCES CENTER CONFERENCE: PROCEEDINGS AND EVALUATION LEGAL AND ETHICAL ASPECTS OF PROPRIETARY RIGHTS TO FEDERALLY FUNDED MEDIA PROGRAMS Months Item Available For Sale i Hare I Copy Mic :rofiche (As of 9/30/81) Price ($) Fy 81 Sales Revenue ($) FY 81 Sales Fy 81 Revenue ($) 3 $ 6.5 8 $ 52.0 37 $ 129.5 3 !4.0 5 70.0 45 157.5 3 6.5 6 39.0 37 129.5 88.0 12.5 50.0 5.0 25.0 37 37 49 129.5 3 8.0 20 160.0 53 185.5 3 11.0 3 33.0 37 129.5 129.5 3 8.0 119 952.0 37 129.5 3 5.0 29 145.0 52 182 3 6.5 12 78.0 37 129.5 3 6.5 7 45.5 36 126.0 3 8.5 8 68.0 37 129.5 171.5 TABLE 8, Page 6 PUBLICATIONS ON NLM RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, TECHNICAL REPORTS AND TEACHING TOOLS (2) National Medical Audiovisual Center Publications Title MEDICAL AND GRAPHIC ARTS UNIT MEDICAL CINEMATOGRAPHY MEDICAL TELEVISION CENTER ORGANIZING A BIOLOGICAL PHOTOGRAPHIC UNIT EVALUATION OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL AUDIOVISUAL CENTER MEDIA DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM PATIENT ORIENTED PROBLEM-SOLVING SYSTEM IN IMMUNOLOGY: IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISEASE INFLUENZA: SEROLOGIC DIAGNOSIS AND EPIDEMIOLOGY INSTRUCTOR'S MANUAL PATERNITY CASE: BLOOD GROUPS & ALLOTYPES TETANUS IMMUNITY PROBLEM-BASED LEARNINGS HEALTH SCIENCES EDUCATION TECHNICAL MANUAL FOR APPLIED MATHEMATICS FOR MEDICAL SCHOOLS TRIGGER FILMS—DEVELOPMENT AND USE USE OF SUBJECTIVE EVALUATION INSTRUMENTS IN HEALTH SCIENCES EDUCATION A GUIDE TO LESSON PREPARATION FOR VETERINARY MEDICINE (1978) National Medical Audiovisual Center Totals LHNCBC prices, hard copy, range from $3.50 to $30.50; average of those sol hard copy, range from $4.00 to $39.50; average of those sold = $8.08 Months Item Available For Sale i Hard Copy Mi( :rofiche (As of 9/30/81) Price Fy 81 Sales Revenue ($) FY 81 Sales Fy 81 Revenue ($) 3 $ 6.5 9 $ 58.5 43 $ 150.5 3 8.0 5 40.0 87 304.5 3 5.0 13 65.0 92 322.0 3 6.5 15.5 12 78.0 47 164.5 3 39.5 3 118.5 __ __ 3 9.5 0 — 40 140.0 3 9.5 0 — 40 140.0 3 5.0 1 5.0 40 140.0 3 9.5 0 — •39 136.5 3 9.5 0 — 40 140.0 3 6.5 10 65.0 37 129.5 3 5.0 3 15.0 37 129.5 3 8.0 5 40.0 40 140.0 3 8.5 4.5 9 76.5 37 129.5 478 3,864.0 1,600 5,600.0 d = $10.77. NMAC prices, TABLE 9 FY 81 CHARGES FOR USE OF NLM TAPES OR ONLINE ACCESS TO NLM COMPUTER TAbLE 4A TABLE 9B FILES AND SERVICES* ESTABLISHED CHARGES $ (K) USERS OF TAPES OR ONLINE SERVICES FILES USED (see column a) —w— FY 1981 CHARGES $W_ (e) M MEDLINE TAPES First year (complete file) Each subsequent year Copies of updated files annually M(s) MEDLINE SUBSET C CATLINE First year Each subsequent year A AVLINE TAPES Each year T TOXLINE AND TOXBACK TAPES First year Each subsequent year CH CHEMLINE TAPES Each year R RTECS TAPES Each year CAL CANCERLIT each year W 50 30 2 10 10 DOMESTIC TAPE RECIPIENTS 1. BRS (Bibliographic Retrieval Services) 2. DIALOG 3. OCLC 4 SUNY at Albany 5. TRINCO 6. ADMINISTRATION ON AGING 7. BETH ISRAEL HOSPITAL 8. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY 9. AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION 10. UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA 11. GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY 12. UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI - KANSAS CITY 13. CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL 14. I IT RESEARCH INSTITUTE 15. FRANKLIN RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOREIGN TAPE RECIPIENTS (quid-pro-quo) 1. UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO 2. AUSTRALIA 3. PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION 4. ENGLAND M, C, Hea, Me 35 M, HEA, Me 52 C 1 M, HEA, Me 0 ** C 1 M(s) 0 M(s) o *** M(s) 0 Me 0 Me 0 Me 0 Me 0 Me 0 Me 1 S, Me. 2 C 1 M, C, R, S. HEA, 64 TD, Me, SDI M(s) 15 M, T, CH, P » CAL, 51 CAP, CLP, B. H, HEA Me, SDI TABLE 9 (Page 2) FY 81 CHARGES FOR USE OF NLM TAPES OR ONLINE ACCESS TO NLM COMPUTER TABLE 9A TABLE 9B ESTABLISHED fy im CHARGES USERS OF TAPES OR FILES USED CHARGES FILES AND SERVICES* $ (K) ONLINE SERVICES (see column a) $ (K) (a) (b) (c) (<*) TeT^2- B BIOETHICSLINE Each year 1 5. 6. GERMANY JAPAN M, T, CH, R, CAL, CAP, CLP, HEA, Me M, T, CH, Me 47 41 H HISTLINE Each year 1 7. 8. SWEDEN SWITZERLAND M, CH, R, CAL, CAP, CLP, Me, SDI M 38 12 HEA HEALTH PLANNING & ADMINISTF Each year 2 FOREIGN ONLINE ACCESS (quid- -pro -quo) P POPLINE Each year 2 1. COLOMBIA M, C, A, R, CAL, CAP CLP, S, B, H, HEA, P, Me, SDI 10 ID TOXICOLOGY DATA BANK First year Each subsequent year 25 17.5 2. 3. FRANCE ITALY M, C, A, T, CH, R, CAL, CAP, CLP, S, H, HEA, P, Me, SDI M, C, A, R, CAL, CAP 120 B, , 21 ME MeSH First year 1 CLP, S, B, H, HEA, P, Me, SDI Next four years 0 4. MEXICO M, C, A, R, CAL, CAP CLP, S, B, H, HEA, 20 P, SDI SDIUne 0 5. SOUTH AFRICA Me, SDI M, C, A, T, CH, R, 20 CAL, CAP, CLP, S, B, H, HEA, P, Me, SDI * In dollars or in quid-pro-quo services by Foreign MEDLARS Centers ** SUNY Is NLM contractor *** Beth Israel is NLM grantee Center are available in NLM Annual Reports. The additional publi- cations activity in FY 1981 through NTIS is summarized in Table 8. For the 44 Lister Hill Center publications listed as available prices range from $3.50 to $30.50 in hard copy; the average price of all 1,239 sales was $10.77. Total revenue was approximately $13,300. The 893 microfiche copies sold at $3.50 each resulted in an additional $3,100 revenue. For the 44 National Medical Audiovisual Center publications, hard copy prices ranged from $4.00 to $39.50; the average price of all 478 sales was $8.08. Total revenue was just under $4,000. The 1,600 sales of microfiche copies at $3.50 each resulted in additional revenues of $5,600. The publication TOX-TIPS is sold by NTIS by subscription, $40.00 annually for domestic and $80.00 annually for foreign purchasers. In FY 1981 there were 292 U.S. and 109 foreign subscriptions result- ing in total revenues of $20,400. An additional 200 copies are distributed free by GPO to Government Depositories. Table 9 summarizes the charges for individual NLM files either as licenses for tapes or online access to the NLM computer. The indi- vidual files that are available and annual charges for them are identified in Table 9A (columns a and b). In Table 9B, both domestic and foreign recipients of NLM tapes, as well as foreign MEDLARS centers with direct online access to the NLM computer are indicated (column c); and the files used by each and the total charges (columns d and e). A variety of files are used by the foreign MEDLARS centers, either by lease of tapes or by direct online access to the NLM computer. The foreign tape recipients provide levels of quid-pro-quo services equal to the established charges listed in Table 9A. For foreign online access (to all the NLM databases) the level of quid-pro-quo services is determined by the value of the numbers of online connect hours, but there is an annual minimum of $20,000. The foreign MEDLARS centers provide services in return for this access to the files. The total resources obtained for use of these NLM files is approximately $550,000 a year; these come to NLM in the form of equivalent services, principally as indexing of the foreign literature, through quid-pro-quo agreements. As of September 1981, there were 1,537 domestic online users dis- tributed in institutions as follows: Medical School 125 Research Institute 127 Allied Health 70 Foundation/Society Assoc. 45 Other University/College 57 Commercial 328 Other Library 20 Information Agency 37 Hospital/Clinic 684 Other 44 24 It is estimated that in Fiscal Year 1981, there were just over two million searches conducted on NLM databases. Actual numbers of searches are not counted; estimates are by a formula based on the number of "print" commands which the NLM computer does record. Table 10 shows the estimated number of searches on the individual NLM databases from Fiscal Year 1979 through 1981. In a survey of online use of the Toxicology Data Base in 1979, calculations from measurement of the duration of searches and total connect hours indicated 43,000 searches, almost four times the 10,953 estimated by the usual formula. It is not known if this discrepancy is limited to "data-providing" databases or extends to bibliograhic databases as well. Included in Table 10 are both online and offline searches. The predominant use of MEDLINE is obvious. Other databases frequently used are TOXLINE, HEALTH, CHEMLINE, CANCERLIT and SERLINE. Although NLM does not collect data on the individual users of its services, there is some information as to the percent of searches and connect hours by user categories, as shown in Table 11. IN FY 81 there were a total of 7,443,000 pages of offline prints, com- prised of: MEDLINE 4,257,000 CATLINE 33,000 CHEMLINE 5,000 TOXLINE 940,000 All Other Databases 2,208,000 In FY 1981, charges for connect time to the NLM computer for domestic users were $15/hour during prime time and, and $8/hour during non-prime time periods. Off-line prints were $.15 per page. (These rates were increased during FY 1982). For FY 1981 (see Table 11), total billed charges were $2,626,000 ($1,682,000 for online connect hours and $944,000 for page charges). Cash payments received by NTIS were $2,073,000. Additionally, online access is provided by the private sector. MEDLINE the largest of the NLM files is available through BRS and DIALOG, two of the major online vendors in the United States. In FY 1981, the NLM filled 87% of 236,837 Interlibrary Loan requests received. 'Approximately, 19,000 of those were requests from foreign countries, for each of which there was a $4.00 charge for mailing and handling/ U.S. ILL requests are filled without charge. In 1981 through its National Medical Audiovisual Center, the National Library'of Medicine loaned 14,990 films and 369 videocassettes without charge. Approximately 1500 audiovisual teaching packages were sold through the Federal-wide distribution mechanism, the National Audio- visual Center at prices determined by them to cover reproduction and distribution costs. 25 TABLE 10 ESTIMATED NUMBER OF SEARCHES ON NLM DATABASES, FY 1979-1981 DATABASES 19/9 ONLINE OFFLINE 1980 ONLINE OFFLINE 1981 ONLINE OFFLINE AVLINE 14,387 17 17,656 29 20,397 21 BIOETHICS 2,403 6 3,426 13 3,762 35 CANCERLIT 36,706 1,394 41,795 3,778 41,457 6,026 CANCERPROJ 5,713 271 5,002 276 3,700 173 CATLINE 184,667 177 208,639 247 191,314 141 CHEMLINE 46,149 54 59,767 43 55,039 84 CLINPROT 1,571 23 1,558 11 1,825 6 EPILEPSYLINE 2,028 20 2,511 28 2,448 7 HEALTH 23,387 325 46,971 547 61,564 902 HISTLINE 3,263 8 3,291 5 3,652 7 MEDLINE 548,469 36,997 682,802 45,828 741,632 45,779 MED79 MED77 83,202 105,822 83,864 MED75 91,956 106,358 94,975 MED72 76,818 78,593 70,523 MED69 58,867 62,269 56,409 MED66 42,337 44,187 40,346 MESH VOCABULARY 2,870 0 6,582 0 19,044 7 NAME AUTHORITY 5,327 0 5,406 44 7,219 0 POPLINE 11,616 765 RTECS 9,788 82 12,537 134 14,747 257 SDILINE 19,394 71,173 18,978 108,978 17,551 147,109 SERLINE 23,577 8 37,197 17 37,645 15 STORED SEARCH 60 101 115 TDB 10,953* 74 9,820 99 14,243 185 TOXLINE 64,677 11,976 86,333 17,208 77,135 22,409 TOXBACK** 7,693 8,424 TOXBACK 74 578 2,612 8,919 TOXBACK 65 545 8,578 TOTAL 1,005,379 398,276 1,250,372 561,441 1,434,539 587,542 * A Direct survey of TDB use indicates 43,000 online searches in FY 1979 (nr-p text discussion). TnxRACK was divided into two backfiles (T0XBACK74 and T0XBACK65) ** TOXBACK was in September 1980. TABLE 11 NLM ONLINE BILLED CHARGES AND CONNECT HOURS BY USER TYPE (FY-1981) Billed Charges Total A11 Databases (Hours) (%) CONNECT HOURS MEDLINE CATLINE CHEMLINE TOXLINE (Hours) (Hours) (Hours) (Hours) All Other Databases (Hours) Hospital/Clinic 835 (31.7) 54,908 [33.6) 42,667 3,001 144 949 8,147 Other Library 20 ( .8) 3,703 [ 2.3) 2,096 694 70 263 580 Other University 42 ( 1.8) 1,818 | ; 1.1) 1,370 22 19 134 273 Allied Health 90 ( 3.4) 4,848 < [ 3.0) 3,497 381 35 259 676 Medical School 595 (22.7) 28,228 | ,17.3) 19,679 2,990 191 916 4,452 NLM 19,403 < [H.8) 6,382 3,539 1,530 1,203 6,749 Government/Other Research 380 (14.4) 13,186 | [ 8.1) 6,131 644 865 2,117 3,429 FDN/SOC/Assoc1at1ons 49 ( 1.9) 3,077 | [ 1.9) 2,388 183 7 64 435 Commercial 574 (21.8) 18,056 | ,11.1) 10,569 201 1,084 3,490 2,712 Information Agency 18 ( .7) 897 | .5) 299 19 112 72 395 Foreign 13,889 { 8.5) 10,232 433 107 897 2,220 Other 19 ( .6) 938 ( .6) 535 80 8 51 264 Totals 2,626 (100.0) 162,951 105,845 12,187 4,172 10,415 30,332 F. Summary Comments on Fee Policies In the preceding sections there have been described the services and products available from the National Library of Medicine and its collaborating organizations. The following briefly summarizes the fee policies for each: 1. Library Service Publications: These NLM products are published by GPO. This group accounts for a large fraction of the total NLM publication revenue. Fees (summarized in Tables 6 and 7) are determined by GPO to cover their costs of publication plus overhead. Excess funds re- covered are returned to the U.S. Treasury. Differences in fees for domestic and foreign purchasers is based on differences in mailing costs. There are no restrictions on uses. 2. Recurring Bibliographies: Recurring bibliographies are done mainly as cooperative ventures using minimal NLM resources to support outside professional organi- zations (except for the Index Medicus Journals). Determination of price is in the hands of those outside organizations. Recurring bibliographies are a small percent of NLM publications. Whatever funds are collected for Recurring Bibliographies go to the outside professional organizations which sponsor them; data are not avail- able as to whether or not charges are, in fact, made. There is no information on differential fees or restrictions on use. 3. Literature Searches: Literature Searches are done by NLM staff and are provided free- of-charge upon request. Literature Ssearches comprise a small percent of total NLM publications. There are no restrictions on use. 4. Publications on NLM Research and Development, Technical Reports, Teaching Tools, and Other These publications are distributed through NTIS for charges as indicated in Table 8. NTIS determines fees for most publications. In those few instances in which the products are software, NLM helps determine the price to recover a reasonable proportion of full costs. Funds collected by NTIS cover their expenses. Excess funds collected are returned to the U.S. Treasury. Differential fees for domestic and foreign purchasers are summarized in Table 8. There are no restrictions on use, except for software, which is licensed through NTIS and which cannot be transferred to someone else's use. 26 5. Publications for Administrative and Public Information Purposes: These NLM publications are for administrative purposes, are free of charge, constitute a small proportion of total publications, and have no restriction on use. 6. NLM Database Tapes and Online Access: Online services are a moderate percentage of all NLM products and services. Users may access NLM databases online directly or may lease tapes for fee, as summarized in Table 9. Fees for usage are set to recover full costs of making online services available, and the fee schedule is the same for all users. Foreign MEDLARS centers are restricted to providing services to specified geographic areas upon agreement with NLM. The extensive online use of the NLM databases throughout the United States is charged for on connect-hour rates (see page 25). The fees are collected by NTIS, and excess above expenses are returned to the U.S. Treasury. 7. Interlibrary Loans: Interlibrary Loans are provided to U.S. libraries without charge. This is done as part of NLM's contribution to the Regional Medical Library Network. A fee of $4.00 per filled request is charged for foreign libraries. PARALLEL ACTIVITIES IN THE NON-FEDERAL SECTOR The previous sections of this report indicate that when viewed as a whole the information products and services of the National Library of Medicine constitute a unique phenomenon that is without parallel in the non-Federal sector. The uses of NLM's products and services demonstrate the importance to the health science communities of the NLM. Nonetheless, there are other organizations in the non-Federal sector which provide partial services of somewhat similar nature and with some degree of similarity of content. The following are the main organizations which provide information services relevant to the field of medicine and public health, the domain of NLM: A. Biosciences Information Service This not-for-profit organization covers basic research in the life sciences including agriculture, biochemistry, bioengineer- ing, biophysics, ecology, experimental medicine, microbiology, and pharmacology. Approximately 9,000 scientific journals are screened, as well as are books, monographs, meetings and con- ference proceedings, semi-popular journals, research communi- cations, and symposia. Three million records from 1969 to the present are available online on BI0SIS. Approximately 23,500 27 ro r— IO OJ 10 ro o xz CZ u U Q. 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C E •«- O > > -r- Q-t- CL O ••- OJ 0J Ol ra O to P X 0J LO P i— 3 Olr- •r— CZ 01 • Qi "3 o > r— o x: t_ •• lOUQJroroOX>i LO P X O E «- «-OP ••- C ro '~P P CJ ro*—•Qiprooi>>to ro t_ xz Qi x: to p -r- L. P P C_ Q. Ql -r- E P to . o C u Ol LO XJ tO O QJ r— -i- XZ XJ ■*-> JZ ro r— X CJ < to p CZ ro O p— •«- Ol O O P i— i— ra CJ CT •■«-•!- ro ro OrOT-r— tOPTJO O •r- E CZ ro to 3 C t- ■r— pl-'p-o QJQjrop P 3 ro ro •»- P O 3 3 Qjxrpporotoai 01 oQ-t-ot-Ecru o ro QJ ro CL C O ra ro Er- ac ro •«- E E C- ro CLP x: P C L. ro p 01 O CL O ro ra JZ -p- l_ • ro XZ xr Q_ O 3 p— CO Ql QJ CL o. CO p ro P TJ C. i— O ro O O 3 •• 1— rax L.-P- qji— cnto ra cr oi cz o. o 3 cr cr OPpT-tOCZt-O o •p- o •«— p— «o t- x •«- •r— P p— O P P ro >> p— TJ 01 U ra CZPOJQirOQltOro cz t dure u t. l l L. qj -p- P P -p- 01 QJ 0) QJ p o x: > > p P COP OP ox c CZ •—•t/j OP 0J OrO'p- Ol CVJ CD regulations; and information processing for the pharmaceutical industry. Each abstract of clinical studies includes a description of the study design, number of patients involved, and dosage amounts, forms, and schedules. It corresponds to the printed International Pharmaceutical Abstracts. The database draws on more than 500 pharmaceutical, medical, and related journals, and contains about 65,000 references from 1970 to the present. Access is through BRS and DIALOG. In addition to the above databases, there are available online search services in the commercial sector. The major ones are Bibliographic Retrieval Service (BRS), DIALOG Information Services, Inc., and System Development Corporation (SDC). Through their online systems, they make available many databases from the private sector and government. There is competition among these vendors in providing improved access to databases. All have major search capabilities. They offer to users the convenience of access through one system to many databases. A. Bibliographic Retrieval Services BRS covers medical and health areas (including MEDLINE) as well as science business and technology. It offers more than 50 different files online. BRS began as a non-profit agency at the State University of New York, became a non-profit concern, and recently has been purchased by Indianhead, Inc., an information science company. B. DIALOG Information Services, Inc. DIALOG, a subsidiary of Lockheed Corporation, initiated online retrieval systems. It provides access to 120 databases of which six are relevant to health and medicine. Its databases cover business, social science and the humanities as well. It has more than 10,000 users. C. System Development Corporation SDC started as a non-profit company in 1956 as part of the RAND Corporation. It became a for-profit corporation in 1968. SDC with NLM contractual support helped in developing the MEDLARS software package. The company was purchased by Burroughs Cor- poration in 1980. It is estimated that 15% to 20% of its activity is in the medical area. SDC believes that the majority of its users in biomedicine are from pharmaceutical firms rather than from academic or medical institutions. 30 NLM has contracts for access by NLM staff to four major commerical online vendors and their databases. Payments for use of these data- bases in fiscal year 81 and estimated fiscal year 82 are: Estimated FY 81 FY 82 BRS $ 2,487 $ 5,000 DIALOG I.S. 7,452 7,000 SDC 3,206 3,000 NY Times Information Bank 597 2,000 Use of these databases by NLM staff is for (1) supporting inhouse staff projects; (2) supporting an occasional patron request (where other available databases do not reveal the required information), and (3) for seeking information needed for NLM users (e.g. producing specialized bibliographies). It is evident that total use of these four major outside information resources is trivial compared with the total volume of NLM inhouse work and the services provided by NLM to users. Questions about redundancy of various online services as to the journal literature they index and abstract can be answered by studies of coverage overlap. In 1977, the National Federation of Abstracting and Indexing Services published A Study of Coverage Overlap Among Fourteen Major Science and Technology Abstracting and Indexing Services. It found that of approximately 26,000 journals scanned by any of the services, only 5,466 (or 21%) had one or more 1973 articles (the cohort studied)abstracted and/or indexed by two or more services. The remainder of the 26,000 journals had no article overlap whatsoever. Because some of these A & I services were in the physical and earth sciences, it is important to examine the data relating NLM to other life sciences systems. In the study the "maximum possible article overlap" was identified, but this is a statistical upper limit and greatly overstates the actual overlap. The maximum possible article overlap found between NLM (Index Medicus) and the other services were: NLM - BI0SIS 29.3% NLM - Chemical Abstract Service 14.5% NLM - Bibliography of Agriculture 4.4% NLM - Psychological Abstracts 3.6% NLM - The nine other A&I Services < 1.2% Thus, the journal article overlap of NLM databases with other systems is small. Applying a given search strategy to an NLM database will give a significantly different result than from any other of the above life sciences databases. 31 II *-^ QJ _C LO c LO E OJ 0 ro X "X to JZ p P ra p 0 C Qj to v- Ql >~p too C 0 p > 01 Oi 01 tj o 2: • or xj • 3 3 c X pox: clu e£< to O QJ 10 X •1— ro •p-OOCQI O LU —1 C Ql E IO OJ c r— L. 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X 3 •r- to > O L- C O O.P Ql to OJ 1— p ra P to •r- o E CL E O o c CJ CL S en Qi C > X Ql C QC ro cn >i OJ L. t. ro t_ to XJ c •1- o OJ P c O E qj L. o en c o o. c o. o •r- ro »p •p- TJ P C C ro OJ ■1— • o to LO C o ra P ■p- ro O O 01 -r- Q.P— LO XJ 3 • CL CO E O ro •»- L. ««- Ol-r- O P L. C CL Qi •r— OJ O O IO t_ 3 1— O ra LO o Qi -r- L. X QJ r-§ ro •r- t- XJ XJ p— ra ro T3 O C •p- QJ to C • o *p x a. •p- O QJ -r- P P x: ro to o to O P Oi C •t— to 1— ro C •«- QJ -r- 3 to to c E C ro E O QJ L. O O L. XJ O ro -r- QJ f— r— OJ O ro P XZ • O P 5 IO ■p- -p- OJ xj E re o QJ E >-' cr E O z qj 00 •«- •p- • o xj 01 c to xz o ro r— 4-» JZ O P P Ql •— O • L 10 >>-p- > C Qi Qi XJ •»- > x: 01 P X QJ X OJ O P P C OJ 3 C QJ x: o •«- p p x: o oj 01 o o QJ 3 Q. E P O ra o ra L. u P JZ to >1 01 o o c x: o OJ 01 3 a. CVJ ro 1— o -p- JZ! ro x E p 0 01 E --- «r— E O ro X) 0 0 Ol OJ •p- Qi x: E CO L. p- E ro ra O C ■p- 01 x o Qi t_ E Q. p- 01 -p- •p- j^ x> oj o t_ e x: ra o QJ P «p jt E P u o 01 to o ro O 3 X 01 CVJ . Board of Scientific Counselors of the National Library of Medicine provides advice concerning the intramural research and development programs of NLM. The Board consists of members knowledgeable in the fields of health sciences, information sciences, information technology, library sciences, behavioral sciences, social sciences, educational technology, communications engineering and media development and utili- zation. . Toxicology Information Program Committee of the National Academy of Sciences. This advisory committee of the National Academy of Sciences has served as a peer review body for the plans, development, and performance of the Toxicology Informa- tion Program. Other Mechanisms Used. In addition to the above formally consti- tuted advisory bodies, there are many continuing activities through which there is discussion and advice provided to NLM programs. Among them are: o Regional Medical Library Directors meet frequently with NLM staff to review all aspects of the Library's programs. o International MEDLARS Policy Committee allows interchange between representatives of those countries with which bilateral agreements have been made for use of MEDLARS. o Medical Library Association has a liaison group with the National Library of Medicine. o NLM has an online users meeting at the annual meeting of the Medical Library Association. o The American Library Association has NLM staff as liaison members to that organization. o The Federal Library Committee has a liaison member from NLM. o The Association of Research Libraries has a formal liaison member from NLM. o NLM is a member of the Library of Congress Network Advisory Committee. / o NLM staff have multiple participating roles in and memberships on committees of ANSI (American National Standards Institute). o Standing Committee on Online Retrieval Education is a group with three-year rotating memberships and is chaired by an NLM staff member. 33 o Technical Review Staff (Regional online trainers) meet annually at NLM to update their information. o There is a liaison member to the OCLC Health Science Users Group. o Liberal use is made of expert consultants in a variety of fields to support the individual programs of NLM. On occasion, major conferences are held to address important issues in the pro- viding of services by NLM. An example is a recent conference of hospital librarians set up to allow full discussion of the special needs of that group. o The MEDLARS Management Service Desk has online interaction with NLM database users eight hours per day. This is a source of much information regarding users problems and suggestions for change. o MEDLARS III Task Force has used a variety of consultants from all aspects of the library and information science communities to help design the retrieval system for the 1980's. o A symposium was held on "Information Transfer in Toxicology," September 16, 1981 as a follow-up to a previous symposium on "Handling of Toxicological Information," May 27-28, 1976. o FASEB forms ad hoc panels of experts to address specific areas of Toxicology which need to be reviewed for the Toxicology Program Of NLM. o The Toxicology Data Base has its proposed new records reviewed by a subcommittee of the Toxicology Study Section of the Division of Research Grants, NIH. o NLM has representatives to many NIH-BID Commissions and Clear- inghouses. o The feedback information provided by the very large and varied universes of users of NLM services is a major influence for change. CONSEQUENCES OF DISCONTINUING THE ACTIVITY The National Library of Medicine Act explicitly/defined the major role of NLM in the dissemination and exchange of scientific and other information related to medicine and public health. Its responsibility included acquiring and preserving all forms of health-related publica- tions, organizing them, and making available appropriate catalogs, indexes and bibliographies, as well as to provide other services. The NLM archive and its products and services have been the framework used throughout the world for accessing and using publications in medicine and related sciences. Were these essential national library roles discontinued, they would not be assumed by the non-Federal sector. 34 There is no hint that any private commercial enterprise would be able or willing to take on the extremely complex, difficult and expensive tasks crucial to maintenance of both Federal and private biomedical literature analysis and retrieval systems of today. History offers some insights into the ability of the private sector to take over NLM's current essential library services. In the 1890's Index Medicus had fiscal deficits, and in 1899 failed. A group of French physicians revived it, but for only three years. Its solvency occurred only through support of the Carnegie Institution. Substantial duplication developed between Index Medicus and the AMA Quarterly Cumulative Index, Medicus, and the two merged as the Quarterly Cumulative Index Medicus in 1927. This publication lost money, and was subsidized by the AMA. In the 1940's, the Current List of Medical Literature was published privately. In the 1960's, the National Library of Medicine again took over the production of Index Medicus and other bibliographic publica- tions. These experiences suggest that in the field of biomedicine, if there is not subsidization, costs for these essential library support publications become too great, circulation is reduced, less information is disseminated, and there is impairment of an important public function. The mandate of the National Library of Medicine was augmented by the Medical Library Assistance Act of 1965 which emphasized the use of new technologies and the need for expanded dissemination of information efforts. As new technologies became available, the NLM was the pioneer in establishing and implementing new methods for biomedical information transfer, namely, use of photoduplication for Interlibrary Loans and the conception, construction, and implementation of computerized in- formation storage and retrieval systems. Those augmentations of the NLM essential library services that are provided by online systems (MEDLARS) and associated services (publications and tapes) derive from and efficiently use the NLM efforts expended in performing its basic missions. The pattern of these augmented services is determined largely by the content and character of the underlying essential library services. This pattern of products and services has been very well utilized by the many and varied communities of health pro- fessionals the NLM is mandated to serve. It is recognized that value added, enhanced versions of NLM information products and services are now and will in the future be supplied by the private sector, but the pattern of NLM databases as a whole would not be taken over by private companies. The variety of content in the databases could not be maintained if databases that were not profitable were dropped. There are innumerable small, but important areas of the biomedicine-fields that may deal with small populations of patients, for example. For- profit companies would'continue the profitable databases, but discon- tinue those losing money because of a small market of users. Again, the public good would be impaired. The NLM information system should be seen as the base of Federal investment upon which the private companies draw and which allows them to offer enhanced information products and services. NLM has created a private sector potential that would not otherwise exist. 35 Thus, there is and should continue to be some small degree of over- lap and duplication, but most importantly, great complementarity of Federal and private sector efforts. As the NLM continues to modify and improve its online services and alters the portfolio of substantive subject matter with which it deals, it can be expected to continue to contribute to the versatility of health-related information services that both the Federal and private sectors will provide. The private sector alone could not and would not replace the library services now offered by the NLM. The private sector can provide enhanced information services, but can do so by building upon the mix of essential and augmented library services that the NLM performs. 36 NLM044574198